HI  nit  f  (I  .States  u't »t ninial  (Tcimmission. 

INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION, 

1876. 


REPORTS 


OF    THE 


PRESIDENT,   SECRETARY, 


AND 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


TOGETHER  WITH  THE  JOURNAL  OF  THE 


FINAL  SESSION  OF  THE  COMMISSION. 


VOL.   II. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING     OFFICE. 
I  880. 


MESSAGE 
<T 


OF  THE 


PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 
•j 


(2s 


SUBMITTING  THE  FINAL  REPORT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 
CENTENNIAL   COMMISSION   TO   CONGRESS. 


To  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES: 

I  have  received  from  the  United   States   Centennial   Commission 

;    their  final  report,  presenting  a  full  exhibit  of  the  result  of  the  United 

States  Centennial  Celebration  and  Exhibition  of  1876,  as  required  by 

the  Act  of  June  I,  1873.     In  transmitting  this  report  for  the  consider- 

-    ation  of  Congress,  I  express,  I  believe,  the  general  judgment  of  the 

>    country,  as  well  as  my  own,  in  assigning  to  this  Exhibition  a  measure' 

*    of  success  gratifying  the  pride  and  patriotism  of  our  people,  and  full 

of  promise   to  the  great  industrial  and  commercial  interests  of  the 

country.     The  very  ample  and    generous    contributions   which  the 

3    foreign  nations  made  to  the  splendor  and  usefulness  of  the  Exhibition, 

/?}    and  the  cordiality  with  which  their  representatives  took  part  in  our 

national   commemoration,  deserve  our   profound   acknowledgments. 

At  this  close  of  the  great  services  rendered  by  the  United  States 

Centennial  Commission  and  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  it  gives 

\J    me  great  pleasure  to  commend  to  your  attention,  and  that  of  the 

people  of  the  whole  country,  the  laborious,  faithful,  and  prosperous 

performance  of  their  duties  which  have  marked  the  administration  of 

their  respective  trusts. 

R.  B.  HAYES. 


rf- 

5)       WASHINGTON,  March  3,  1879. 


TABLE   OF  CONTENTS. 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT 9 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY 107 

REPORT  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 139 

JOURNAL  OF  THE  FINAL  SESSION ;47 


FINAL   REPORT 


TO  THE 


PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 


jlnter  national 


—1876— 
UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 


To  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES: 

SIR, — The  members  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission, 
appointed  under  the  Act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1871,  and  instructed 
thereby,  and  by  the  Act  of  June  I,  1872,  to  conduct  an  "  International 
Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine" 
in  the  year  1876,  in  commemoration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniver- 
sary of  American  Independence,  have  the  honor  to  submit  to  you,  in 
the  accompanying  volumes,  their  final  report  of  the  history  and 
results  of  the  Exhibition  and  Celebration,  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements  of  the  aforesaid  Acts. 

RICHARD   M.  NELSON,  JAMES   L.  COOPER,  Alabama. 
'  RICHARD   C.  McCORMICK,  JOHN  WASSON,  Arizona. 
GEO.  W.  LAWRENCE,  GEO.  E.  DODGE,  Arkansas. 
J.  DUNBAR   CREIGH,  California. 
N.  C.  MEEKER,  Colorado. 

JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  WM.  P.  BLAKE,  Connecticut. 
JOHN  A.  BURBANK,  SOLOMON  L.  SPINK,  Dakota. 
JOHN  K.  KANE,  JOHN  H.  RODNEY,  Delaware. 

JAMES   E.  DEXTER,  LAWRENCE   A.  GOBRIGHT,  District  of  Columbia. 

5 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

T.  H.  OSBORN,  J.  T.  BERNARD,  Florida. 

GEO.  HILLYER,  RICHARD    PETERS,  JR.,   Georgia. 

THOMAS   DONALDSON,  CHRISTOPHER   W.  MOORE,  Idaho. 

FREDERICK   L.  MATTHEWS,  LAWRENCE   WELDON,  Illinois. 

JOHN    L.  CAMPBELL,  FRANKLIN   C.  JOHNSON,  Indiana. 

ROBERT   LOWRY,  COKER   F.  CLARKSON,  Iowa. 

JOHN   A.  MARTIN,  GEO.  A.  CRAWFORD,  Kansas. 

ROBERT   MALLORY,  SMITH    M.  HOBBS,  Kentucky. 

JOHN    LYNCH,  EDWARD    PENINGTON,  Louisiana. 

JOSHUA    NYE,  CHAS.  H.  HASKELL,  Maine. 

JOHN    H.  B.  LATROBE,  SAMUEL   M.  SHOEMAKER,  Maryland. 

GEO.  B.  LORING,  WM.  B.  SPOONER,  Massachusetts. 

V.  P.  COLLIER,  CLAUDIUS   B.  GRANT,  Michigan. 

J.   FLETCHER  WILLIAMS,  W.  W.  FOLWELL,  Minnesota. 

O.  C.  FRENCH,  M.  EDWARDS,  Mississippi. 

JOHN  MCNEIL,  SAMUEL  HAYS,  Missouri. 

JOSEPH    P.  WOOLMAN,  PATRICK   A.  LARGEY,  Montana. 

HENRY    S.  MOODY,  R.  W.  FURNAS,  Nebraska. 

W.  W.  xMcCOY,  JAMES   W.  HAINES,  Nevada. 

EZEKIEL   A.  STRAW,  M.  V.  B.  EDGERLY,  New  Hampshire. 

ORESTES   CLEVELAND,  JOHN   G.  STEVENS,  New  Jersey. 

ELDRIDGE   W.  LITTLE,  STEPHEN   B.  ELKINS,  New  Mexico. 

N.  M.  BECKWITH,  C.  P.   KIMBALL,  New    York. 

SAMUEL   F.  PHILLIPS,  JONATHAN   W.  ALBERTSON,  North  Ccr*\na. 

ALFRED   T.  GOSHORN,  WILSON    W.  GRIFFITH,   Ohio. 

JAMES   W.  VIRTUE,  ANDREW   J.  DUFUR,   Oregon. 

DANIEL   J.  MORRELL,  ASA    PACKER,  Pennsylvania. 

GEORGE   H.  CORLISS,  ROYAL   C.  TAFT.  Miode  Island. 

WILLIAM    GURNEY,  ARCHIBALD    CAMERON,  South  Carolina. 

THOMAS    H.  COLD  WELL,  WILLIAM    F.  PROSSER,   Tennessee. 

WILLIAM    H.  PARSONS,  JOHN  C.  CHEW,   Texas. 

WILLIAM   HAYDON,  C.  R.  GILCHRIST,   Utah. 

MIDDLETON   GOLDSMITH,  HENRY   CHASE,    Vermont. 

F.  W.  M.   HOLLIDAY,  M.  P.  HANDY,    Virginia. 

ELWOOD    EVANS,   ALEXANDER    S.  ABERNETHY,    Washington  Territory. 

ALEXANDER   R.  BOTELER,  ANDREW  J.  SWEENEY,  West.  Virginia. 

DAVID   ATWOOD,  EDWARD   D.  HOLTON,    Wisconsin. 

JOSEPH    M.  CAREY,  ROBERT    H.  LAM  BORN,   Wyoming. 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 


REPORT 


OF    THE 


PRESIDENT  OF  THE  COMMISSION 


At  the  final  meeting  of  the  Commission,  held  at  Philadelphia, 
January  15,  1879,  the  President,  General  Joseph  R.  Hawley,  made 
the  following 

REPORT. 

GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION  : 

After  consultation  with  the  Director-General,  the  Chairman  of  the  Report  of 
Executive  Committee,  and  the  active  managers  of  the  Board  of  Fi- 
nance, I  issued  notices,  on  the  22d  of  November,  1878,  of  this  meet- 
ing of  the  Commission  to  be  held  at  the  Continental  Hotel,  Philadel- 
phia, at  12  M.,  January  15,  1879,  with  a  view  to  substantially  closing 
our  labors.  There  will  be  to-day  submitted  to  you,  in  eleven  volumes, 
the  final  reports  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Commission,  the  President's 
account  of  the  chief  ceremonies,  the  reports  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, of  the  Director-General  and  his  subordinate  Chiefs  of  Bureaus, 
of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Awards,  the  full  reports  of  the  Judges, 
a  condensed  statement  of  the  accounts  of  the  Board  of  Finance;  in 
short,  the  full  records  of  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876. 

I  heartily  congratulate  you,  gentlemen,  upon  the  brilliant  success 
of  the  great  enterprise  in  which  we  have  had  the  honor  of  participat- 
ing. The  precise  measure  of  that  success,  in  comparison  with  preced- 
ing or  subsequent  International  Exhibitions,  we  must  leave  to  others 
to  estimate,  but  none  know  so  well  as  we  that  the  difficulties  and  em- 
barrassments of  the  work  were  peculiar  and  unprecedented.  In  re- 
porting to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  in  accordance  with  the 
Act  of  June  I,  1872,  "a  full  exhibit  of  the  results"  of  the  Celebration 
kad  Exhibition,  a  brief  review  of  the  circumstances,  favorable  and 
Unfavorable,  is  essential  to  a  fair  judgment  of  such  results  as  either 
mrpassed  or  fell  short  of  reasonable  expectations. 

2  9 


IO  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Kcp..rt  of  the  It  is  now  generally  conceded  that  it  was  fitting  that  "the  comple- 
tion of  the  first  century  of  our  national  existence  should  be  com- 
memorated by  an  exhibition  of  the  natural  resources  of  the  country, 
their  development,  and  of  its  progress  in  those  arts  which  benefit 
mankind,  in  comparison  with  those  of  older  nations;"  also  that  "the 
Exhibition  should  be  a  national  celebration,  in  which  the  people  of 
the  whole  country  should  participate,"  and  that  "  it  should  have  the 
sanction  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States."  But,  although  these 
expressions  found  a  place  in  the  Act  of  March  3,  1871,  which  created 
the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  and  provided  for  "  cele- 
brating the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence 
by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and 
Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine"  in  Philadelphia,  in'  1876,  the  propriety 
of  holding  an  Exhibition  at  all  as  a  means  of  celebrating  the  Cen- 
tennial, and  especially  of  inviting  other  nations  to  an  International 
Exhibition,  were  vigorously  disputed  afterwards,  even  after  fourteen 
or  fifteen  nations  had  cordially  signified  their  purpose  to  partici- 
pate. 

The  first  embarrassment  encountered  was  the  imperfect  character 
of  the  Act  constituting  the  Commission.  No  appropriation  was 
made  by  Congress  for  the  financial  needs  of  the  enterprise,  and 
the  Act  indicated  no  source  of  supply.  The  creation  of  an  asso- 
ciate corporation  adapted  to  the  collection,  care,  and  disbursement 
of  moneys  became  the  very  first  object  of  the  Commission  upon  its 
organization,  as  I  indicated  in  my  remarks  accepting  the  presidency, 
in  March,  1872.  The  Act  incorporating  the  "Centennial  Board  of 
Finance"  was  drawn  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Commission 
immediately  thereafter.  It  passed  Congress,  and  received  the  approval 
of  the  President  June  I,  1872.  It  was  broadly  national  in  its  character, 
naming  two  corporators  from  each  Congressional  district  throughout 
the  nation,  and  four  for  each  State  and  Territory  at  large.  The  pre- 
liminary organization  was  confided  to  the  Commission.  The  Board 
had  authority  to  secure  subscriptions  of  capital  stock  to  an  amount 
not  exceeding  ten  millions,  to  be  divided  into  shares  not  exceeding 
ten  dollars  each.  Books  of  subscription  were  opened  by  the  Com- 
mission, and  an  opportunity  given  for  one  hundred  days  to  the  inhab- 
itants of  each  State  and  Territory  to  subscribe  for  stock,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  the  Commission  was  directed  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  cor- 
porators and  subscribers  to  elect  a  board  of  twenty-five  directors,  tc 
be  chosen  then  and  annually  thereafter  from  a  list  of  one  hundrec 
stockholders  selected  by  the  Commission.  The  Board  thus  organizec 
was  authorized  to  take  charge  of  all  the  financial  labors  of  the  under 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT.  U 

taking,  to  prepare  the  grounds,  and  erect  the  buildings  in  accordance  Reporter  the 
with  the  plans  of  the  Commission ;  its  rules  governing  rates  for  en- 
trance and  admission,  or  otherwise  affecting  the  rights  of  the  exhibitors 
or  the  public,  were  to  be  established  by  the  Commission ;  no  grants 
conferring  rights  and  privileges  relating  to  the  Exhibition  or  Celebra- 
tion were  to.be  made  without  the  consent  of  the  Commission,  which 
had  power  to  control  or  revoke  such  grants,  and  to  appoint  all  Judges 
and  Examiners  and  award  all  premiums.  It  was  the  duty  of  the  Com- 
mission to  supervise  the  closing  of  the  affairs  of  the  Board,  to  audit 
its  accounts,  and  submit  a  report  of  the  financial  results. 

The  directors  chosen  at  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Finance, 
April  23,  1873,  with  no  change  among  the  officers,  and  few  among 
the  others,  continued  in  office  to  the  end.  The  singular  combination 
of  two  distinct  corporations,  one  legislating  for  and  supervising  the 
other,  each  having  important  executive  duties,  the  lines  separating 
their  duties  being  indistinct  in  some  matters,  was  an  accident.  No 
man  would  have  invented  the  arrangement.  It  afforded  opportunity 
for  difference  and  debate,  and  was  in  a  degree  cumbrous.  But  the 
patriotic  devotion  of  all  concerned  obviated  the  difficulties,  and  it  is 
now  a  fair  question  whether  the  division  of  labor,  the  checks  and 
balances  of  the  two  organizations,  did  not  largely  conduce  to  the  satis- 
factory operation  and  conclusion  upon  which  we  felicitate  ourselves. 

The  most  serious  obstacles  the  Commission  encountered  were  out- 
side of  the  plain  and  natural  labors  belonging  to  the  enterprise  itself. 
Having  been  overcome,  they  serve  to  show  the  capacity  of  the 
American  people  for  voluntary  organization,  their  self-discipline  and 
their  energy.  Every  other  International  Exhibition  has  been  created 
or  directly  adopted  by  a  government,  supplied  chiefly  from  that  govern- 
ment's treasury,  and  conducted  by  its  appointees.  The  United  States 
government  created  the  Centennial  Commission  for  a  great  labor  and 
steadily  declined  to  grant  it  any  funds  whatever,  save  what  it  cost  to 
engrave  the  certificates  of  stock  and  strike  the  medals.  Nor  did  the 
Act  creating  the  Commission  grant  authority  or  provide  means  for 
raising  funds.  Moreover,  after  the  first  proclamation  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States  announcing  an  Exhibition,  and  after  the  procla- 
mation had  been  communicated  to  the  diplomatic  representatives  of 
all  nations,  and  been  accepted  as  an  invitation  by  twelve  or  fourteen 
foreign  powers,  the  Secretary  of  State  felt  it  his  duty,  regarding  the 
language  of  the  laws,  to  address  a  circular  letter  to  the  diplomatic 
and  consular  representatives  of  this  country,  in  which  he  said : 

"  It  will  be  observed  that  the  President,  in  his  proclamation,  has 
extended  no  invitation  to  foreign  powers  to  participate  in  the  Exhibi- 


12  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  2876. 

Report  of  the  tlon.  He  was  not  authorized  so  to  do,  and  while  he  desired  to  attract 
"^  as  much  attention  and  interest  as  possible  thereto,  he  carefully  con- 
fines himself  to  '  commending'  the  celebration  of  the  Centennial  an- 
niversary of  American  independence,  and  the  Exhibition  which  is  to 
be  held  in  connection  therewith,  to  all  nations  who  may  be  pleased  to 
take  part  therein.  It  is  presumed  that  you  will  not  have,  failed  to  ob- 
serve the  guarded  language  of  the  President's  proclamation,  and  the 
difference  between  it  and  that  which  would  be  used  in  extending  an 
invitation  to  other  powers." 

In  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1873  arrangements  had  been  made 
for  an  extensive  canvass  of  the  country  for  the  necessary  funds,  but 
in  the  autumn  a  great  and  prolonged  financial  depression  began  and 
rapidly  spread  over  the  whole  country.  Rumors  reached  us  of  the 
private  circular  above  quoted,  and  it  was  said  that  in  consequence  some 
foreign  governments  delayed  action.  Popular  subscriptions  were  sus- 
pended. It  became  an  unavoidable  necessity  to  report  our  condi- 
tion and  show  Congress  that  an  appropriation  was  needed  to  carry  on 
the  work.  A  bill  giving  three  millions  was  warmly  discussed  in  the 
spring  of  1874,  and  it  barely  failed.  But  a  bill  passed  by  large  ma- 
jorities requesting  the  President  "  to  extend  in  the  name  of  the  United 
States  a  respectful  and  cordial  invitation  to  the  governments  of  other 
nations  to  be  represented  in  and  take  part  in  the  International  Exhi- 
bition," etc.  Thenceforward  the  co-operation  of  foreign  governments 
was  cordial  and  prompt.  And  during  the  first  session  of  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress  a  bill  passed,  approved  by  the  President  on  the  i6th 
of  February,  1876,  appropriating  to  the  uses  of  the  Exhibition  a  mil- 
lion and  a  half  of  dollars  upon  terms  that,  after  the  close  of  the  Ex- 
hibition, were  decided  by  the  Supreme  Court  to  make  it  a  loan.  It 
was  fully  repaid.  As  originally  drawn  the  bill  contemplated  placing 
the  government  upon  an  equality  with  the  shareholders  of  the  Board 
of  Finance.  As  it  was  amended  and  passed,  it  left  the  burdens  to  be 
borne  by  the  private  shareholders,  and  the  States  and  municipalities 
that  so  generously  contributed.  '  But  the  loan  was  of  vital  importance 
to  the  enterprise,  not  more  financially  than  by  the  sanction  and  en- 
couragement it  imparted. 

In  another  manner  the  national  government  co-operated  most  effect- 
ively. Congress  appropriated  a  total  of  $649,250  toward  certificates 
of  stock,  custom-house  expenses,  and  a  collective  exhibition  from  the 
'  Executive  Departments  to  "  illustrate,"  in  the  language  of  President 
Grant,  January  23,  1874,  "the  functions  and  administrative  faculties 
of  the  government  in  time  of  peace,  and  its  resources  as  a  war  power, 
and  thereby  serve  to  demonstrate  the  nature  of  our  institutions  and 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  13 

their  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  our  people."     The  following  govern-  Report  of  the 
ment  board  was  appointed,  and  announced  March  25,  1874: 

Treasury  Department. — Hon.  F.  A.  Sawyer,  succeeded  by  Robert 
W.  Tayler,  Esq. 

War  Department.— Col.  S.  C.  Lyford,  U.S.A. 

Navy  Department. — Admiral  T.  A.  Jenkins,  U.S.N. 

Department  of  the  Interior. — Prof.  John  Eaton. 

Post-Office  Department.— Dr.  Chas.  F.  McDonald. 

Department  of  Agriculture. — Wm.  Saunders,  Esq. 

Smithsonian  Institution. — Prof.  S.  F.  Baird. 

Col.  S.  C.  Lyford  served  as  the  chairman. ' 

The  energy,  intelligence,  and  fidelity  of  this  Board,  and  the  value 
and  attractiveness  of  the  government  exhibits,  form  a  prominent  and 
honorable  chapter  in  the  history  of  the  Exhibition. 

The  expenditures  of  the  government  are  given  me  officially  as 
follows : 

Amount  expended  on  account  of 

Treasury  Department $15,500.00 

War                  " .         .         .  118,292.22 

Navy                 "              63,038.24 

Interior            "              .........  102,405.25 

Post-Office       "              4,376.01 

Agricultural     "              38,014.03 

Smithsonian  Institution           . 71,933.21 

Fish  Commission 9,856.90 

Contingent  expenses      .........  41,855.02 

Building  fund        ..........  111,400.00 

Engraving  and  printing  Certificates  of  Stock  of  the  Board  of  Finance  22,433  33 

Expenses  of  admission  of  foreign  goods 39,902.12 


Total  net  expenditures $639,006.33 

Which  amount  is  reduced  by  proceeds  of  property  returned  to 

the  Treasury 2,856.24 

The  aggregate  appropriations  by  the  government  were  .         .         .  649,250.00 

Leaving  a  balance  of      .........  10,243.67 

Something  was  received  at  the  post-office  established  on  the 
grounds,  and  a  considerable  sum  in  payment  of  duties  upon  foreign 
articles  brought  to  the  Exhibition  and  afterwards  sold  for  consumption 
in  this  country,  but  "  no  separate  account  of  such  duties  was  kept  by 
the  Treasury  Department." 

The  determination  to  hold  an  international  instead  of  a  purely 
national  exhibition  was  abundantly  vindicated  by  the  results.  A 
presentation  of  American  industries  that  should  exclude  articles  of 
foreign  growth  or  manufacture  would  be  a  practical  impossibility. 


I4  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Report  of  the  An  invitation  to  other  nations  to  participate  was  required  by  courtesy, 
as  the  United  States  had  formally  attended  several  of  the  world's  fairs 
held  elsewhere,  and  had  received  awards  beyond  its  proportion  of 
exhibits.  Comparison  with  the  work  of  others  is  essential  to  progress. 
It  is  needed  to  show  the  effects  on  industries  and  arts  produced  by  cli- 
mate, race,  geographical  position,  and  social  and  political  institutions. 
An  International  Exhibition  invariably  tells  each  nation,  especially 
that  one  acting  as  host,  something  of  its  deficiencies  and  errors,  im- 
proves existing  manufactures,  introduces  new  ones,  influences  agri- 
culture, opens  new  markets,  gives  new  inventions  a  world-wide 
advertisement,  cultivates  taste,  not  alone  in  paintings  and  sculpture, 
but  in  textile  fabrics,  household  furniture,  and  decoration,  and  even 
in  the  making  of  useful  implements  and  machinery,  affords  millions 
of  people  to  whom  travel  is  a  forbidden  luxury  an  opportunity  to  see 
the  best  the  world  does  in  all  things,  and,  best  of  all,  teaches  nations 
mutual  respect,  shows  them  their  interdependence,  breaks  down 
prejudice,  strengthens  good  will,  gives  war  an  additional  shade  of 
horror,  and  discloses  more  of  the  loveliness  of  peace.  All  this  the 
Exhibition  of  1876  has  done. 

The  improvement  in  taste  during  the  two  years  since  it  closed 
has  been  clear  and  considerable.  It  is  made  known  in  all  the  direc- 
tions I  have  indicated.  There  is  a  strong  demand  for  more  skill 
and  elegance  in  the  forms  of  decorations  of  pottery  and  porcelains 
and  furniture,  a  better  judgment  in  the  fine  arts  and  in  architecture. 
This  is  recognized  by  the  manufacturers,  and  the  supply  is  answering 
the  demand.  The  study  of  the  arts  of  design  has  received  a  great 
impetus. 

The  American  people  were  greatly  instructed  in  a  knowledge  of 
the  progress  and  condition  of  the  arts  and  manufactures  of  their  own 
country,  and  the  extent  and  value  of  its  agricultural  and  mining  re- 
sources. They  assuredly  under-estimated  the  former.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  triumphs  gained  in  previous  Exhibitions,  the  majority  of  our 
people  were  not  prepared  for  the  high  praise  bestowed  upon  the 
ingenuity  and  effectiveness  of  American  machinery  and  implements, 
and  the  variety  and  excellence  of  American  manufactures,  by  foreign 
judges.  And  these  opinions  have  been  justified  by  the  subsequent 
increase  in  the  quantity  and  variety  of  our  exports. 

The  extraordinary  inventive  activity  of  Americans  is  credited  to 
the  necessities  of  our  situation,  regarding  both  its  new  wants  and  its 
distance  from  the  Old  World,  which  stimulated  new  devices  and  home 
construction  to  save  transportation,  to  the  general  prevalence  of  edu- 
cation, and  to  our  patent  laws. 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT.  l$ 

Said  a  correspondent  of  the  London  Times:  "The  American  in-  Report  of  the 
vents  as  the  Greek  sculptured  and  the  Italian  painted :  it  is  genius." 

The  departments  of  machinery  and  agriculture  were  never  so  dis- 
tinctly and  conspicuously  presented  and  honored  in  any  previous 
Exhibition.  In  the  invention  and  manufacture  of  machinery  and 
machine  tools  the  high  rank  attained  by  Americans  is  universally 
admitted.  This  acknowledged  excellence,  and  our  high  tariffs,  both 
forbidding  the  hope  of  an  extensive  market  here,  combined  to  diminish 
the  extent  of  the  foreign  exhibit ;  yet  there  was  a  great  deal  from 
abroad  that  was  instructive  and  valuable. 

The  intense  pursuit  of  new  ideas  and  processes  in  machinery,  the 
general  (I  wish  I  could  say  universal)  education  of  our  people,  the  less 
powerful  influence  among  us  of  trades-unions,  and  the  readiness  of 
our  industrial  classes  to  accept  new  machinery  and  adapt  themselves 
to  new  requirements,  have  had  a  most  gratifying  effect  in  enabling  us 
unexpectedly  to  enter  the  field  of  international  competition,  even  in 
making  articles  of  small  size,  easy  transportation,  and  comparatively 
large  cost.  When  we  find  American  watches,  cutlery,  and  jewelry 
taking  the  place  of  foreign  manufactures  here,  and  crossing  the  ocean 
to  compete  in  foreign  markets,  we  may  well  be  encouraged  to  believe 
that  no  branch  of  art  and  industry  whatever  can  be  permanently 
closed  against  us. 

As  our  foreign  trade  revives  it  is  exceedingly  gratifying  to  observe 
the  high  standard  so  much  American  work  maintains.  The  number 
is  growing  yearly  of  firms  and  corporations  whose  names  and  trade- 
marks are  of  themselves  a  valuable  property,  because  they  are  ac- 
cepted not  alone  as  marking  useful  ideas,  but  as  a  sure  guarantee  of 
uniformly  honest  work.  It  is  largely  due  to  the  persistency  of  such 
that  trade-mark  treaties  for  their  protection  have  been  made  with  Eng- 
land, Germany,  France,  Austria,  Russia,  and  Belgium.  These  facts 
are  weighty  with  good  promise  for  the  future. 

Taken  as  a  whole,  the  presentation  of  the  mining  resources  of  the 
country  was  well  made.  Marvelous  as  it  was,  it  was  less  a  surprise 
than  the  progress  made  in  manufacturing. 

The  ten  acres  of  the  Agricultural  Building  and  its  annexes  con- 
tained much  more  of  the  productions  of  foreign  nations  than  might 
have  been  expected,  when  one  considers  the  burden  of  transpor- 
tation. It  was  an  early  hope  of  the  Commission  that  there  would 
be  many  State  exhibits  in  this  department,  particularly  from  the 
States  in  the  West  and  South,  which  are  inviting  immigration.  The 
hope  was  but  partially  gratified;  yet  individual  enterprise  and  the 
public  spirit  of  various  societies  and  corporations,  supplementing  the 


!6  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Report  of  the  systematic  work  of  the  National  Agricultural  Bureau  and  the  remark- 
able typical  display  made  by  Kansas,  sufficed  to  give  a  grand  but  still 
imperfect  idea  of  the  resources  of  the  country.  The  statistics  of  our 
enormous  exports  of  animal  and  vegetable  food  are  familiar  to  the 
public.  In  that  regard,  the  necessities  of  the  world  and  the  illimit- 
able extent  of  our  fertile  lands  place  us  beyond  the  reach  of  injurious 
competition.  A  single  illustration  of  our  agricultural  resources  may 
be  interesting.  Less  than  two  per  cent,  of  the  area  of  the  cotton  States 
is  used  in  producing  cotton,  yet  we  produce  three-fourths  of  all  that 
is  manufactured  in  Europe  and  the  United  States.  Four  per  cent,  of 
the  area  of  Texas  alone  would  be  capable  of  producing  it  all. 

In  the  early  stages  of  the  work  most  doubt,  perhaps,  was  ex- 
pressed concerning  the  probability  of  a  successful  Art  Department. 
We  were  at  an  obvious  disadvantage  in  this,  in  comparison  with  any 
European  capital  in  which  an  Exhibition  had  been  held.  The  distance 
*  and  danger  of  transportation  considered,  the  contributions  from  abroad 
were  unexpectedly  valuable.  A  few  prominent  American  artists  were 
conspicuously  unrepresented.  But  Memorial  Hall  and  its  annexes 
contained  by  far  the  largest  and  most  valuable  collection  ever  assem- 
bled in  this  country,  and  proved  a  source  of  instruction  and  great 
delight  to  millions  who  are  debarred  the  pleasure  of  a  journey  to 
European  homes  of  art. 

The  obvious  facts  of  the  experience  of  the  American  people  in 
conducting  large  enterprises — the  building  and  managing  great  rail- 
roads and  manufactories,  in  transporting  immense  quantities  of  ma- 
terial over  long  distances,  in  moving,  feeding,  and  clothing  great 
bodies  of  men — should  have  barred  out  one  of  the  objections  to  the 
Exhibition  made  in  its  early  days,  viz.,  that  they  were  not  accustomed 
to  such  affairs,  and  would  probably  fail  to  conduct  it  properly.  It 
was  only  necessary  to  classify  and  subdivide  the  work,  and  appoint 
competent  chiefs  of  the  subdivisions. 

While  our  means  forbade  attempts  at  mere  display  in  architecture, 
the  prime  rule  of  the  art,  the  full  accommodation  of  the  service 
desired,  was  thoroughly  obeyed,  and  so  much  of  grace  in  form  and 
decoration  was  superadded  as  the  funds  and  the  temporary  character 
of  the  buildings  justified.  Fortunately,  Pennsylvania  and  Phila- 
delphia felt  justified  in  placing  upon  Fairmount  Park  two  noble 
permanent  buildings,  the  Memorial  and  Horticultural  Halls.  These 
and  the  numerous  minor  edifices  erected  by  various  States,  nations, 
individuals,  and  corporations,  upon  the  magnificent  site  in  Fair- 
mount  Park,  upon  which  Philadelphia  expended  large  sums  in  prep- 
aration, combined  to  form  a  general  view  of  surpassing  beauty 


REPORT  OF   THE   PRESIDENT.  Xj 

and  attractiveness.     All  the  buildings  for  which  the  Commission  and  Report  of  the 
Board  of  Finance  were  responsible  were  ready  in  time,  and  the  grand 
Corliss  engine  began  its  labors  precisely  upon  the  contracted  time, 
one  month  before  the  opening. 

In  the  largeness  of  the  inclosure,  the  beauty  of  the  scene,  the  con- 
veniences provided,  and  the  punctuality  with  which  the  preparations 
were  completed,  no  previous  Exhibition  equaled  this.  Quite  as  satis- 
factory were  the  liberal  and  thorough  arrangements  made  by  the 
chief  railways  running  near,  whose  officers  made  heavy  expenditures 
upon  new  tracks  and  rolling-stock,  so  that  materials,  goods,  and  pas- 
sengers were  delivered  and  received  with  marvelous  ease  and  exact- 
ness, and  without  an  accident.  During  the  Exhibition,  and  since,  we 
have  never  been  left  in  doubt  as  to  the  satisfaction  with  which  the 
management  was  viewed  and  enjoyed  by  our  foreign  visitors. 

A  frequent  topic  of  gratifying  comment  was  the  behavior  of  the 
people  at  large.  An  average  of  about  62,333  a  day  entered  the  gates 
during  the  six  months.  There  was  never  an  instance  of  riotous  or 
tumultuous  conduct,  or  even,  it  may  be  said,  of  noisy  or  angry  talk, 
and  the  few  arrests  for  petty  offenses  are  unmentionable  when  their 
proportion  to  the  ten  millions  of  entrances  is  considered.  Good 
order,  patience,  courtesy,  and  good  humor  were  the  characteristics 
of  the  multitude  on  the  most  crowded  days. 

I  have  caused  to  be  compiled  an  account  of  the  chief  ceremonies 
connected  with  the  Exhibition, — on  the  opening  day,  May  10;  on 
the  assembling  of  the  Judges,  May  24;  the  Fourth  of  July;  on  the 
presentation  of  the  Awards,  September  27;  and  the  closing  day,  Nov- 
ember IO, — the  general  supervision  of  which  was  largely  placed  within 
my  own  more  immediate  sphere  of  duty.  These  were  the  principal 
official  and  formal  assemblages ;  there  were  numerous  other  occasions 
of  great  interest.  There  were  many  "  State  days,"  so  called,  upon  each 
of  which  citizens  of  a  State  assembled  and  listened  to  an  address, 
usually  historical;  and  in  many  cases  the  Governor  of  the  State  at- 
tended with  more  or  less  of  ceremony.  The  interchange  of  social  cour- 
tesies between  the  Commissioners  of  various  countries,  and  between 
them  and  our  own  Commissioners,  was  frequent. 

It  was  made  an  objection  (though  not  until  the  enterprise  had  well 
progressed)  that  the  celebration  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  was  not 
altogether  a  suitable  occasion  for  inviting  to  a  joint  Exhibition  and  Cel- 
ebration the  representatives  of  widely  different  forms  of  government. 
It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  record  that  the  acceptances  were  couched  in 
the  most  cordial  terms;  the  intercourse  with  foreign  Commissioners 
was  entirely  the  most  agreeable  imaginable;  and  the  sympathy  with 

3 


I  8  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Report  of  the  our  national  pride  in  celebrating  a  century  of  growth  in  this  com- 
paratively young  member  of  the  family  of  nations  was  unreserved 
and  most  neighborly. 

The  representatives  of  Great  Britain  were  foremost  in  fulfilling  the 
wish  of  George  III.  in  announcing  the  independence  of  the  colonies, 
that  "  religion,  language,  interests,  and  affections  may,  and  I  hope 
will,  yet  prove  a  bond  of  permanent  union  between  the  two  coun- 
tries." On  the  evening  of  May  1 1,  the  day  after  the  opening,  Sir 
Edward  Thornton,  the  honored  Minister  of  Great  Britain,  gave  a 
costly  and  formal  dinner  in  honor  of  the  occasion.  During  the  whole 
six  months  St.  George's  Hall  (the  charming  house  of  the  British 
Commission,  within  the  grounds,  afterwards  presented  to  Philadel- 
phia) was  the  home  of  cultivated  social  intercourse  and  generous 
hospitality.  At  the  celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July,  Sir  Edward 
Thornton,  Dean  of  the  Diplomatic  Corps,  and  Col.  H.  B.  Sandford, 
Chief  of  the  British  Commission  (knighted  by  her  Majesty  for  his 
services),  were  welcome  guests  and  received  very  enthusiastic  greet- 
ings from  the  multitude. 

His  Majesty  Dom  Pedro  II.,  Emperor  of  Brazil,  made  a  prolonged 
and  thorough  examination  of  the  Exhibition,  was  always  greeted 
with  high  respect  and  the  utmost  good  will,  attended  the  opening 
ceremonies  and  the  Fourth  of  July  celebration,  and  to  the  latter  con- 
tributed a  "  Greeting  from  Brazil,"  a  hymn  composed  for  the  occasion 
by  A.  Carlos  Gomes,  of  Brazil,  at  the  request  of  his  Majesty. 

Lord  Dufferin,  Governor-General  of  the  dominion  of  Canada,  was 
a  welcome  visitor  in  the  autumn. 

A  number  of  foreign  vessels  of  war  came  up  the  Delaware  during 
the  summer,  and  courtesies  and  hospitalities  were  exchanged.  The 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  ordered  the  "  Hartford,"  the  "Alarm,"  the 
beautiful  yacht  "Despatch,"  and  other  vessels  to  Philadelphia  during 
the  summer.  Those  vessels  were  visited  by  very  large  numbers,  and 
the  officers  manifested  the  characteristic  courtesy  and  hospitality  of 
their  profession,  especially  in  their  attentions  to  strangers. 

At  the  presentation  of  the  Awards,  on  the  2/th  of  September,  at 
the  banquet  given  by  the  Commission  and  the  Board  of  Finance  to 
the  Diplomatic  Corps  and  the  Foreign  Commissioners,  President  Grant 
and  the  Cabinet  attending,  November  9, — the  evening  before  the  Ex- 
hibition closed, — and  at  the  closing  ceremonies,  November  10,  every 
opportunity  was  seized  by  our  countrymen  to  manifest,  by  the  most 
cordial  greeting  and  enthusiastic  applause,  good  will  to  other  nations ; 
and  the  manifestations  were  appreciated,  acknowledged,  and  returned. 

The  public   spirit  and  enthusiastic   co-operation   of   Philadelphia 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  Io> 

appear  at  every  stage  of  our  history.     The  pecuniary  outlay  of  its  Report  of  the 
people  is  by  no  means  embraced  by  a  statement  of  the  expenditures  p 
of  the  city  and  the  subscriptions  of  private  citizens  to  the  stock  of  the 
Board  of  Finance.     Many  other  investments,  made  for  the  benefit  of 
the  Exhibition,  were  not  returned  in  visible  dividends.     The  lavish 
hospitality  displayed  had  an  equally  noble  motive,  and  supplied  the 
lack  of  heavy  governmental  grants  for  such  purposes  made  in  other 
nations.     But,  in  a  larger  sense,  Philadelphia  is  repaid.     The  reflex 
influence  of  her  good  deeds  remains,  and  she  has  permanently  added 
to  her  rich  store  of  patriotic  traditions. 

The  accounts  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  have  been  duly 
audited,  in  accordance  with  the  law,  by  the  Commission's  Committee 
on  Finance,  whose  report  and  the  balance-sheet  of  the  Board  of 
Finance,  to  be  presented  to  this  meeting  of  the  Commission,  will  be 
found  in  the  journal  of  the  final  session  of  the  Commission,  at  the 
close  of  this  volume.  The  accounts  of  the  Board  are  not  absolutely 
closed,  owing  to  one  or  two  unadjusted  claims  of  minor  importance 
and  to  the  printing  of  these  volumes.  The  shareholders  have  re- 
ceived seventeen  and  one-half  per  cent,  and  will  probably  receive 
about  seven  per  cent.  more.  It  is  deemed  best  no  longer  to  delay  our 
final  reports  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  on  that  account. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  conferred  a  great  favor  by 
ordering  the  detail  of  two  army  and  two  navy  officers  to  assist  me 
during  the  Exhibition  in  the  ceremonies  and  receptions  constantly 
occurring,  in  paying  proper  attention  to  the  military  and  naval  officers 
from  abroad,  and  in  attending  to  the  numerous  visits  of  the  national 
guard  of  several  States,  and  various  volunteer  military  organizations. 
I  gratefully  acknowledge  their  most  agreeable  association  and  service. 
They  were — 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Luther  P.  Bradley,  Qth  Infantry,  Brigadier- 
General  of  Volunteers. 

Major  Lewis  Merrill,  /th  Cavalry,  Brevet  Brigadier-General  of 
Volunteers. 

Commodore  Edward  Calhoun,  U.S.N. 

Commander  George  D.  Ryan,  U.S.N. 

Lieutenant  H.  G.  O.  Colby,  U.S.N. 

The  capable  and  faithful  employees  in  my  office  were, — 

Captain  E.  Lewis  Moore,  private  Secretary. 

John  Hayes,  Stenographer. 

William  P.  Jones,  Clerk. 

William  J.  Devine,  Clerk. 

William  F.  Clark,  Clerk  and  Messenger. 

Stephen  Cox,  Messenger. 


20  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Report  of  the  At  the  organization  of  the  Commission,  in  March,  1872,  I  joined 
you  in  electing  to  the  office  of  President  of  the  Commission  the 
Hon.  Daniel  J.  Morrell,  of  Pennsylvania,  one  of  the  earliest  pro- 
moters of  the  work,  and  since  then  the  able  and  effective  Chairman  of 
our  Executive  Committee.  He  declined  the  place,  and  you  did  me 
the  honor  to  elect  me  in  his  stead,  and  have  kept  me  at  this  post  six 
years  and  ten  months, — until  the  close.  Except  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, which  has  for  a  part  of  the  time  been  elective,  I  have  appointed 
all  your  committees,  have  served  as  ex  officio  a  member  of  your  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  and  have  devoted  nearly  two  years  exclusively  to 
the  cause. 

My  gratitude  for  your  uniform  kindness  it  is  beyond  my  power  to 
express.  A  view  of  the  magnitude  of  the  work  impresses  me  with  a 
sense  of  the  smallness  of  my  individual  share  therein,  but  it  shall  be 
one  of  the  great  satisfactions  of  our  lives  to  remember  that  we  have 
been  associated  nearly  seven  years  in  preparing  and  conducting  a 
successful  International  Exhibition,  held  in  honor  of  the  Centennial 
of  our  country's  independence,  which  has  done  something  to 
strengthen  fraternity  among  our  own  countrymen,  enlarge  the  arts 
and  sciences,  extend  the  knowledge  thereof,  encourage  and  honor 
labor,  and  promote  peace  and  good  will  throughout  the  world. 

JOSEPH    R.  HAWLEY, 

President. 


CEREMONIES  OF  THE  EXHIBITION 


CEREMONIES  OF  THE  EXHIBITION. 


The  management  of  the  Exhibition  had  to  provide  for  certain  cere-  Exhibition 
monial  exercises  incident  to  its  conduct,  and  also  to  facilitate  many  c 
gatherings  of  state,  municipal,  national,  industrial,  social,  and  other 
organizations.     The    principal   ceremonies   officially  connected   with 
the  Centennial  Celebration  were  four  in  number,  and  are  described 
in  detail  in  the  following  pages,  namely: 

Opening  of  the  International  Exhibition,  May  10,  1876. 
Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  July  4,  1876. 
Distribution  of  Awards  to  Foreign  and  American  exhibitors,  September  27,  1876. 
Closing  Ceremonies,  November  10,  1876. 

A  number  of  the  State  governments  arranged  excursions  to  the 
Exhibition  by  the  executive  and  legislative  officers  and  citizens  gen- 
erally, who  held  meetings  in  their  respective  State  Buildings  or  in  the 
Judges'  Hall.  These  "  State  days,"  as  they  were  termed,  were  as 
follows : 


August  24 — New  Jersey. 
September  7 — Connecticut. 
September  14 — Massachusetts. 
September  21 — New  York. 
September  28 — Pennsylvania. 


October  5 — Rhode  Island. 
October  12 — New  Hampshire. 
October  19 — Delaware  and  Maryland. 
October  26— Ohio. 
October  27 — Vermont. 


The  Governor  of  each  State  and  Territory  was  requested  to  appoint 
an  orator,  who  should  deliver  an  address  upon  its  history,  progress, 
present  condition,  and  resources.  Such  addresses  were  delivered 
during  the  period  of  the  Exhibition  in  the  Judges'  Hall,  as  follows:* 


Mississippi — A.  M.  West. 

Dacotah — M.  K.  Armstrong. 

District  of  Columbia — Thomas  Wilson. 

Ohio— E.  D.  Mansfield. 

Iowa — C.  C.  Nourse. 

Texas— R.  B.  Hubbard. 

Nebraska — Samuel  Aughey. 

Oregon — H.  L.  Gilfrey. 

Utah— C.  W.  Bennet. 

Idaho — Thomas  Donaldson. 

Maryland — J.  V.  Findley. 

New  Jersey — Abraham  Browning. 

North  Carolina — Prof.  Kerr. 

Nevada — Gen.  T.  H.  Williams. 


Vermont — Henry  Clark. 
Missouri — Thomas  Allen. 
Tennessee — J.  C.  Brown. 
West  Virginia— W.  K.  Pendleton. 
Indiana — John  L.  Campbell. 
Illinois— C.  H.  Forster. 
Maine — Gen.  Chamberlain. 
Washington  Territory — Elwood  Evans. 
Florida— T.  W.  Osborn. 
Colorado— J.  M.  Paul. 
Arizona — R.  C.  McCormick. 
Montana— W.  A.  Clark. 
Arkansas — David  Walker. 


*  On  application  for  these  addresses,  so  few  of  them  were  furnished  in  a  form  available 
for  publication  that  it  became  necessary  to  omit  them  from  this  report. 

23 


24  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Exhibition  The  other  principal  assemblages  held  within  the  Exhibition  grounds 

Ceremonies. 

were : 

May  23 — Session  of  True  Tempi  are. 

May  24 — Meeting  of  Judges  of  Awards. 

May  30 — Decoration  Day. 

May  30 — Opening  of  the  Bankers'  Building. 

June  I — Parade  of  Knights  Templar. 

June  7 — Convention  in  Brewers'  Hall. 

June  12 — Women's  International  Temperance  Convention. 

June  15 — Dedication  of  Ice-Water  Fountain  by  the  Sons  of  Temperance. 

June  27-July  10 — Encampment  of  the  West  Point  Cadets. 

July  I — Excursion  of  Soldiers'  Orphans  from  Lincoln  Home. 

July  4 — Dedication  of  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  Beneficial  Society's  Fountain. 
[For  proceedings  at  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  at 
Independence  Hall,  see  pages  41-76.] 

July  6,  7,  8,  13,  18,  ig,  20,  21 — Excursions  given  by  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  Rail- 
road to  its  employees. 

July  15 — Encampment  of  the  Columbus  (Ohio)  Cadets. 

August  3.  9 — Arrival  of  Pennsylvania  Troops  for  encampment  at  Camp  Anthony  Wavne. 

August  20 — Excursion  of  Steinway  &  Sons'  Employees. 

August  22 — National  and  International  Rowing  Matches  began  on  Schuylkill  River. 

August  23 — Parade  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 

August  28 — Parade  of  Swiss  Citizens. 

August  29 — Reception  by  the  Mayor  of  Philadelphia  in  the  Municipal  Building. 

September  i-October  18 — Live-Stock  Exhibitions. 

September  2 — Encampment  of  Connecticut  National  Guard. 

September  4 — International  Medical  Congress. 

September  20 — Odd-Fellows'  Day. 

September  23 — International  Rifle-Teams  (Scotch,  Irish,  Australian,  and  American) 
visited  the  Exhibition. 

September  28 — Fireworks  ("  Pennsylvania  Day"). 

October  7 — Encampment  of  Cadets  of  Virginia  Military  Institute. 

October  12 — Dedication  of  Statue  of  Columbus. 

October  14 — Dedication  of  Statue  of  Dr.  Witherspoon. 

October  19 — Tournament. 
•  October  26 — Merchants'  Day. 

November  2 — Dedication  of  Statue  to  Bishop  Allen  (by  colored  citizens). 

November  7 — Reception  by  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee. 

November  9 — International  Pyrotechnic  Contest. 

November  10 — Closing  Ceremonies. 

Detailed  accounts  of  the  four  principal  ceremonies,  which  were 
under  the  immediate  charge  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  are  here 
appended. 


THE    OPENING    CEREMONIES 


t 

4 


OPENING   OF   THE   INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION. 

The  ceremony  of  the  opening  of  the  Exhibition,  on  May  10,  1876,  Opening 
was  conducted  out-doors,  within  a  space  defined  by  the  Main  Exhi- 
bition Building  and  Memorial  Hall,  on  the  south  and  north,  and  minor 
buildings  at  the  east  and  west, — an  area  of  about  300  by  700  feet. 
The  central  entrances  of  the  Main  Building  and  Memorial  Hall 
exactly  faced  one  another,  and  before  each  was  erected  staging  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  participants  in  the  ceremonial.  The 
southernmost  stage,  which  rose  like  steps  over  the  entrance  of  the 
Main  Building,  had  a  capacity  for  seating  the  chorus  of  1000  voices 
and  the  orchestra  of  150  pieces,  which  were  supplemented,  through 
the  open  windows  at  the  back  of  the  stage,  by  the  mighty  notes  of 
the  grand  organ  in  the  gallery  of  the  Main  Building,  immediately 
behind  the  chorus.  Facing  this,  some  300  feet  distant,  and  arranged 
somewhat  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre,  were  seats  that  formed  an 
extension  of  the  raised  terrace  on  which  the  Memorial  Hall  stands, 
where  room  was  provided  for  the  orators  and  officers  of  the  day  and 
for  the  invited  guests.  These  were  admitted,  by  tickets,  to  their 
designated  sections  upon  the  stage,  as  follows : 

The  President  of  the  United  States  and  Cabinet. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

The  Diplomatic  Corps. 

The  Senate  of  the  United  States. 

The  House  of  Representatives. 

Governors  of  the  States  and  their  Staffs. 

Governor,  State  Officers,  Supreme  Court,  and  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania. 

United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committees. 

The  Foreign  Commissioners. 

The  Boards  and  Bureaus  of  the  Exhibition. 

The  Board  of  Judges  of  Awards. 

Judges  of  United  States  Courts  and  Officers  of  United  States  Executive  Bureaus. 

Mayor,  City  Councils,  and  City  Departments  of  Philadelphia. 

Representatives  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Naval  Observatory. 

Mayors  of  Cities. 

State  Centennial  Boards. 

Women's  Centennial  Committees. 

Foreign  Consuls. 

Representatives  of  the  Press. 

Committees  of  Associations  connected  with  the  Exhibition. 

27 


28  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


opening  The  great  number  of  persons  included  in  this  list  of  invited  guests 

made  it  impossible  to  admit  to  the  stage  persons  not  holding  official 
positions  that  required  recognition, — to  the  exclusion  even  of  some 
of  the  most  generous  contributors  to  the  Exhibition  enterprise.  The 
concourse  of  spectators  within  sight  of  the  ceremonies,  though  largely 
not  within  hearing  distance,  was  estimated  as  above  110,000. 

At  the  head  of  the  military  parade  which  moved,  early  in  the 
morning,  from  the  city  to  the  Exhibition  grounds  was  the  First 
Troop  of  Philadelphia  City  Cavalry,  acting  as  the  body-guard  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States.*  This  was  succeeded  by  the  two 
organizations  which  escorted  Governor  Rice,  of  Massachusetts,  and 
his  staff — the  Boston  Cadets  and  the  Boston  Lancers.  Governor 
Hartranft,  of  Pennsylvania,  with  his  staff,  followed.  Then  came 
Major-General  Bankson,  commanding  a  large  body  of  Pennsylvania 
troops. 

The  order  of  exercises  was  as  follows : 

National  Airs,  by  the  Orchestra,  Theodore  Thomas,  Musical  Director,  beginning  at 
10.15  A.M.,  as  guests  entered,  viz. : 

The  Washington  March. 

Argentine  Republic. — Marcha  de  la  Republica. 

Austria. — Gott  erhalte  Franz  den  Kaiser. 

Belgium. — La  Brabanfonne. 

Brazil. — Hymno  Brasileira  Nacional. 

Denmark. —  Volkslied — den  tappre  Landsoldat. 

France. — La  Marseillaise. 

Germany — Was  ist  das  Deutsche  Vat er land  ? 

Great  Britain. — God  Save  the  Queen. 

Italy. — Marcia  del  Re. 

Netherlands. —  Wie  neerlandsch  bloed. 

Norway. — National  Hymn. 

Russia. — National  Hymn. 

Spain. — Riego^s  Spanish  National  Hymn. 

Sweden. —  Volksongen  (JBevare  Gud  var  Kung). 

Switzerland. — Heil  dir>  Helvetia. 

Turkey.  — March . 

Hail  Columbia. 

10.30. — Arrival  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
Centennial  Inauguration  March,  by  Richard  Wagner. 
Prayer,  by  Bishop  Matthew  Simpson. 


*  The  "  City  Troop,"  as  it  is  familiarly  termed  by  Philadelphians,  served  as  the  body- 
'guard  of  General  Washington  during  the  Revolution,  and  earned  the  right  to  inscribe  the 
names  of  "  Trenton"  and  "  Princeton"  on  its  colors,  and  during  the  civil  war  that  of 
"Gettysburg."  Since  Washington's  day  it  has  acted  as  the  body-guard  of  Presidents 
visiting  Philadelphia. 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT.  29 

Hymn,  by  John   Greenleaf  Whittier.      Music  by  John   K.   Paine,  of   Massachusetts.  Opening 

Organ  and  Orchestral  accompaniment.  Ceremonies 

Presentation  of  the  Buildings  to  the  Commission  by  the  President  of  the  Centennial 

Board  of  Finance. 
Cantata,  by  Sidney   Lanier,  of   Georgia.      Music   by  Dudley  Buck,  of  Connecticut. 

Basso  Solo  by  Myron  W.  Whitney,  of  Boston. 
Presentation  of  the  Exhibition  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  by  the  President  of 

the  Centennial  Commission. 
Address  by  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
Unfurling  of  the   Flag,  Hallelujah  Chorus,  Salutes  of  Artillery,  and  Ringing  of  the 

Chimes. 

Procession  through  the  Main  Building  and  Machinery  Hall. 
Reception  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  in  the  Judges'  Pavilion. 

In  accordance  with  the  arrangements  for  the  day  provided  by  the 
Centennial  Commission,  all  the  gates,  except  those  at  the  east  end  of 
the  Main  Building,  were  opened  to  the  public  at  9  A.M.,  at  the  estab- 
lished rate  of  admission  of  fifty  cents.  The  Main  Building,  Memorial 
Hall,  and  Machinery  Hall  were  reserved  for  guests  and  exhibitors 
until  the  conclusion  of  the  ceremonies,  about  I  P.M.,  when  all  restric- 
tions were  withdrawn.  The  President  of  the  United  States  was 
escorted  to  the  Exhibition  by  Governor  Hartranft,  of  Pennsylvania, 
with  troops  from  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey.  Invited  guests 
entered  the  Main  Building  from  the  carriage  concourse  at  the  east 
end,  or  by  the  south-middle  entrance  on  Elm  Avenue.  The  doors 
were  opened  to  them  at  9  A.M.  They  passed  to  the  platform  in  front 
of  Memorial  Hall  through  the  north-middle  doors  of  the  Main  Build- 
ing, and  were  requested  to  occupy  their  places  before  10.15  A.M.  All 
the  space  in  the  vicinity  of  the  platform,  save  what  was  needed  for 
passage,  was  open  to  the  public.  Seats  on  the  platform  for  the  ladies 
invited  were  provided,  and  they  were  invited  to  join  the  procession. 
No  flags  or  ensigns,  except  those  permanently  fixed  in  the  buildings, 
were  displayed  on  the  morning  of  the  loth  until  the  signal  was  given. 
The  organs  and  other  musical  instruments  and  the  bells  awaited  the 
same  notice.  When  the  President  of  the  United  States  declared  the 
Exhibition  open,  the  flag  on  the  staff  near  him  was  unfurled  as  a 
signal  for  the  raising  of  all  other  flags  and  ensigns,  the  ringing  of  the 
chimes,  the  salute  of  one  hundred  guns  on  George's  Hill,  and  the 
singing  of  the  Hallelujah  CJiorus,  of  Handel,  by  the  chorus,  with 
organ  and  orchestral  accompaniment.  Immediately  upon  the  an- 
nouncement, the  Foreign  Commissioners  passed  into  the  Main  Build- 
ing and  took  places  upon  the  general  avenue  opposite  their  respective 
sections.  The  President  of  the  Unite*  1  States,  conducted  by  the 
Director-General  of  the  Exhibition,  and  followed  by  the  guests  of 
the  day,  passed  through  the  Main  Building.  As  the  President  passed 


30  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

the  Foreign  Commissioners  they  were  severally  presented  to  him 
and  joined  the  procession,  and  the  whole  body  moved  to  Machinery 
Hall.  On  his  way  the  President  was  saluted  by  his  military  escort, 
formed  in  two  lines  between  the  buildings.  In  Machinery  Hall,  the 
President  and  His  Majesty  Dom  Pedro,  Emperor  of  Brazil,  assisted 
by  George  H.  Corliss,  set  in  motion  the  great  engine  and  the  ma- 
chinery connected  therewith.  No  further  formal  order  of  procession 
was  pursued.  The  President  and  guests  were  escorted  by  way  of  the 
north  main  aisle  of  Machinery  Hall  to  the  doors  of  the  eastern  tower 
and  to  the  Judges'  Pavilion,  where  the  President  of  the  United  States 
held  a  brief  reception. 

The  prayer,  hymn,  cantata,  and  speeches  provided  for  in  the  pro- 
gramme were  as  follows : 


PRAYER 

BY   BISHOP   MATTHEW   SIMPSON,  OF   THE   METHODIST   EPISCOPAL 

CHURCH. 

Almighty  and  everlasting  God,  our  Heavenly  Father.  Heaven  is  Thy 
throne  and  the  earth  is  Thy  footstool.  Before  Thy  majesty  and  holiness  the 
angels  veil  their  faces,  and  the  spirits  of  the  just  made  perfect  bow  in 
humble  adoration.  Thou  art  the  creator  of  all  things,  the  preserver  of 
all  that  exist,  whether  they  be  thrones  or  dominions  or  principalities  or 
powers.  The  minute  and  the  vast,  atoms  and  worlds,  alike  attest  the 
ubiquity  of  Thy  presence  and  the  omnipotence  of  Thy  sway. 

Thou  alone  art  the  sovereign  ruler  of  nations.  Thou  raisest  up  one  and 
easiest  down  another,  and  Thou  givest  the  kingdoms  of  the  world  to  whom- 
soever Thou  wilt.  The  past  with  all  its  records  is  the  unfolding  of  Thy 
counsels  and  the  realization  of  Thy  grand  designs.  We  hail  Thee  as  our 
rightful  ruler,  the  King  eternal,  immortal,  and  invisible,  the  only  true  God, 
blessed  for  evermore. 

We  come  on  this  glad  day,  O  Thou  God  of  our  fathers,  into  these  courts 
with  thanksgiving  and  into  these  gates  with  praise.  We  bless  Thee  for  Thy 
wonderful  goodness  in  the  past,  for  the  land  which  Thou  gavest  to  our 
fathers,  a  land  veiled  from  the  ages,  from  the  ancient  world,  but  revealed 
in  the  fullness  of  time  to  Thy  chosen  people,  whom  Thou  didst  lead  by 
Thine  own  right  hand  through  the  billows  of  the  deep,  a  land  of  vast  ex- 
tent, of  towering  mountains  and  broad  plains,  of  unnumbered  products 
and  of  untold  treasures. 

We  thank  Thee  for  the  fathers  of  our  country,  men  of  mind  and  of  might, 
who  endured  privations  and  sacrifices,  who  braved  multiplied  dangers  rather 
than  defile  their  consciences,  or  be  untrue  to  their  God,  men  who  laid  on  the 
broad  foundations  of  truth  and  justice  the  grand  structure  of  civil  freedom. 


REPORT  OF   THE  PRESIDENT.  3! 

We  praise  Thee  for  the  closing  century,  for  the  founders  of  the  Republic,  Opening 
for  the  immortal  Washington  and  his  grand  associates;    for  the  wisdom  Ccremonie«- 
with  which  they  planned,  and  the  firmness  and  heroism,  which,  under  Thy 
blessing,  led  them  to  triumphant  success.     Thou  wast  their  shield  in  hours 
of  danger,  their  pillar  of  cloud  by  day,  and  their  pillar  of  fire  by  night. 
May  we,  their  sons,  walk  in  their  footsteps  and  imitate  their  virtues  ! 

We  thank  Thee  for  social  and  national  prosperity  and  progress,  for  valu- 
able discoveries  and  multiplied  inventions,  for  labor-saving  machinery, 
relieving  the  toiling  masses,  for  schools,  free  as  the  morning  light  for  the 
millions  of  the  rising  generation,  for  books  and  periodicals  scattered  like 
leaves  of  autumn  over  the  land,  for  art  and  science,  for  freedom  to  worship 
God  according  to  the  dictates  of  conscience,  for  a  church  unfettered  by  the 
trammels  of  state. 

Bless,  we  pray  Thee,  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  his  constitu- 
tional advisers,  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  Senators  and  Repre- 
sentatives in  Congress,  the  Governors  of  our  several  Commonwealths,  the 
officers  of  the  Army  and  the  Navy,  and  all  who  are  in  official  position 
throughout  our  land.  Guide  them,  we  pray  Thee,  with  counsels  of  wisdom, 
and  may  they  ever  rule  in  righteousness.  We  ask  Thy  blessing  to  rest  upon 
the  President  and  members  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  and  upon  those 
associated  with  them  in  the  various  departments,  who  have  labored  long 
and  earnestly,  amidst  anxieties  ,and  difficulties,  for  the  success  of  this 
enterprise. 

May  Thy  special  blessing,  O  thou  God  of  all  the  nations  of  the  earth,  rest 
upon  our  National  guests,  our  visitors  from  distant  lands !  We  welcome  them 
to  our  shores,  and  we  rejoice  in  their  presence  among  us,  whether  they  repre- 
sent thrones,  or  culture,  or  research,  or  whether  they  come  to  exhibit  the 
triumphs  of  genius  and  art,  in  the  development  of  industry,  and  in  the 
progress  of  civilization.  Preserve  Thou  them,  we  beseech  Thee,  in  health 
and  safety,  and  in  due  time  may  they  be  welcomed  by  loved  ones  again  to 
their  own,  their  native  lands! 

Let  Thy  blessing  rest  richly  on  this  Centennial  Celebration.  May  the 
lives  and  health  of  all  interested  be  precious  in  Thy  sight !  Preside  in  its 
assemblies.  Grant  that  this  association  in  effort  may  bind  more  closely 
together  every  part  of  our  great  Republic,  so  that  our  Union  may  be  per- 
petual and  indissoluble.  Let  its  influence  draw  the  nations  of  earth  into  a 
happier  unity.  Hereafter,  we  pray  Thee,  may  all  disputed  questions  be 
settled  by  arbitration,  and  not  by  the  sword,  and  may  wars  forever  cease 
among  the  sons  of  men  ! 

May  the  new  century  be  better  than  the  past !  more  radiant  with  the 
light  of  true  philosophy,  warmer  with  the  emanations  of  a  world -wide 
sympathy!  May  capital,  genius,  and  labor  be  freed  from  all  antagonism 
by  the  establishment  and  application  of  such  principles  of  justice  and  equity 
as  shall  reconcile  diversified  interests  and  bind  in  imperishable  bonds  all 
parts  of  society  ! 


32  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   2876. 

Opening  We  pray  Thy  benediction  especially  on  the  women  of  America,  who,  for 

Ceremonies.  t|ie  £rst  tjme  jn  tjie  history  of  our  race,  take  so  conspicuous  a  place  in  a 
national  celebration.  May  the  light  of  their  intelligence,  purity,  and 
enterprise  shed  its  beams  afar,  until  in  distant  lands  their  sisters  may  realize 
the  beauty  and  glory  of  Christian  freedom  and  elevation  !  We  beseech 
Thee,  Almighty  Father,  that  our  beloved  Republic  may  be  strengthened  in 
every  element  of  true  greatness,  until  her  mission 'is  accomplished  by  pre- 
senting to  the  world  an  illustration  of  the  happiness  of  a  free  people,  with 
a  free  church,  in  a  free  state,  under  laws  of  their  own  enactment,  and  under 
rulers  of  their  own  selection,  acknowledging  supreme  allegiance  only  to  the 
King  of  kings  and  Lord  of  lords.  And  as  Thou  didst  give  to  one  of  its 
illustrious  sons  first  to  draw  experimentally  the  electric  spark  from  heaven, 
which  has  since  girdled  the  globe  in  its  celestial  whispers  of  "  Glory  to 
God  in  the  highest,  peace  on  earth  and  good  will  to  men,"  so  to  latest  time 
may  the  mission  of  America,  under  divine  inspiration,  be  one  of  affection, 
brotherhood,  and  love  for  all  our  race  !  And  may  the  coming  centuries  be 
filled  with  the  glory  of  our  Christian  civilization  ! 

And  unto  Thee,  our  Father,  through  Him  whose  life  is  the  light  of  men, 
will  we  ascribe  glory  and  praise,  now  and  forever.     Amen. 


HYMN 

BY   JOHN    GREENLEAF    WHITTIER. 

MUSIC    BY  J.   K.  PAINE,  OF   MASSACHUSETTS.      ORGAN    AND   ORCHESTRAL    ACCOMPANIMENT. 

Our  fathers'  God  !   from  out  whose  hand 
The  centuries  fall  like  grains  of  sand, 
We  meet  to-day,  united,  free, 
And  loyal  to  our  land  and  Thee, 
To  thank  Thee  for  the  era  done, 
And  trust  Thee  for  the  opening  one. 

Here,  where  of  old,  by  Thy  design, 
The  fathers  spake  that  word  of  Thine, 
Whose  echo  is  the  glad  refrain 
Of  rended  bolt  and  falling  chain, 
To  grace  our  festal  time,  from  all 
The  zones  of  earth  our  guests  we  call. 

Be  with  us  while  the  new  world  greets 
The  old  world  thronging  all  its  streets, 
Unveiling  all  the  triumphs  won 
By  art  or  toil  beneath  the  sun  ; 
And  unto  common  good  ordain 
This  rivalship  of  hand  and  brain. 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT. 


33 


Thou,  who  hast  here  in  concord  furled  Opening 

Ceremonies. 

The  war-flags  of  a  gathered  world, 
Beneath  our  Western  skies  fulfill 
The  Orient's  mission  of  good  will, 
And,  freighted  with  Love's  Golden  Fleece, 
Send  back  the  Argonauts  of  peace. 

For  art  and  labor  met  in  truce, 
For  beauty  made  the  bride  of  use 
We  thank  Thee,  while,  withal,  we  crave 
The  austere  virtues  strong  to  save, 
The  honor  proof  to  place  or  gold, 
The  manhood  never  bought  nor  sold  ! 

O  !  make  thou  us,  through  centuries  long, 
In  peace  secure,  in  justice  strong; 
Around  our  gift  of  freedom  draw 
The  safeguards  of  Thy  righteous  law ; 
And,  cast  in  some  diviner  mould, 
Let  the  new  cycle  shame  the  old  ! 


PRESENTATION  OF  THE   BUILDINGS  TO  THE  UNITED 
STATES   CENTENNIAL   COMMISSION 

BY  JOHN  WELSH,  PRESIDENT  OF  THE   CENTENNIAL   BOARD   OF 

FINANCE. 

MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL 
COMMISSION  : — In  the  presence  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  several  distinguished  bodies  by  whom  we  are  surrounded,  and  in 
behalf  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  I  greet  you. 

In  readiness  at  the  appointed  time,  I  have  the  honor  to  announce  to  you 
that,  under  your  supervision  and  in  accordance  with  the  plans  fixed  and 
established  by  you,  we  have  erected  the  buildings  belonging  to  us,  and 
have  made  all  the  arrangements  devolving  on  us  necessary  for  the  opening 
of  the  International  Exhibition.  We  hereby  now  formally  appropriate 
them  for  their  intended  occupation ;  and  we  hold  ourselves  ready  to  make 
all  further  arrangements  that  may  be  needed  for  carrying  into  full  and 
complete  effect  all  the  requirements  of  the  acts  of  Congress  relating  to  the 
Exhibition. 

For  a  like  purpose  we  also  appropriate  the  buildings  belonging  to  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  erected  by  us  at  their 
bidding,  to  wit :  Memorial  Hall,  Machinery  Hall,  and  Horticultural  Hall. 
These  and  other  substantial  offerings  stand  as  the  evidence  of  their  patriotic 

5 


34  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Opening          co-operation.     To  the  United  States  of  America,  through  Congress,  we  are 

Ceremonies,      indebted  for  the  aid  which  crowned  our  success. 

In  addition  to  those  to  which  I  have  just  referred,  there  are  other  beau- 
tiful and  convenient  edifices,  which  have  been  erected  by  the  representatives 
of  foreign  nations,  by  State  authority,  and  by  individuals,  which  are  also 
devoted  to  the  purposes  of  the  Exhibition. 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  :  If  in  the  past  we  have  met  with  disappoint- 
ments, difficulties,  and  trials,  they  have  been  overcome  by  a  consciousness 
that  no  sacrifice  can  be  too  great  which  is  made  to  honor  the  memories  of 
those  who  brought  our  nation  into  being.  This  commemoration  of  the 
events  of  1776  excites  our  present  gratitude.  The  assemblage  here  to-day 
of  so  many  foreign  representatives  uniting  with  us  in  this  reverential  tribute 
is  our  reward. 

We  congratulate  you  on  the  occurrence  of  this  day.  Many  of  the  nations 
have  gathered  here  in  peaceful  competition.  I£a,ch  may  profit  by  the  asso- 
ciation. This  Exhibition  is  but  a  school;  the  more  thoroughly  its  lessons 
are  learned,  the  greater  will  be  the  gain,  and,  when  it  shall  have  closed,  if 
by  that  study  the  nations  engaged  in  it  shall  have  learned  respect  for  each 
other,  then  it  may  be  hoped  that  veneration  for  Him  who  rules  on  high 
will  become  universal,  and  the  angels'  song  once  more  be  heard, — 

"  Glory  to  God  in  the  highest, 

And  on  earth  peace,  good  will  towards  men." 


CANTATA 

BY   SIDNEY    LANIER,   OF    GEORGIA. 

MUSIC   BY   DUDLEY   BUCK,  OF  CONNECTICUT.      BASSO  SOLO  BY  M.  W.  WHITNEY,  OF  BOSTON. 

From  this  hundred-terraced  height 
Sight  more  large  with  nobler  light 
Ranges  down  yon  towering  years  : 
Humbler  smiles  and  lordlier  tears 

Shine  and  fall,  shine  and  fall, 
While  old  voices  rise  and  call 
Yonder  where  the  to-and-fro 
Weltering  of  my  Long-Ago 
Moves  about  the  moveless  base 
Far  below  my  resting-place. 

Mayflower,  Mayflower,  slowly  hither  flying, 
Trembling  westward  o'er  yon  balking  sea, 
Hearts  within  farewell  dear  England  sighing, 
Winds  without  But  dear  in  vain  replying, 
Gray-lipp'd  waves  about  thee  shouted,  crying, 
No  !     It  shall  not  be  ! 


REPORT  OF   THE   PRESIDENT. 


35 


Jamestown,  out  of  thee —  Opening 

Plymouth,  thee — thee,  Albany —  Ceremonies. 

Winter  cries,  Ye  freeze :  away! 
Fever  cries,  Ye  burn  :  away  ! 
Hunger  cries,  Ye  starve :  away  ! 
Vengeance  cries,  Your  graves  shall  stay  ! 

Then  old  Shapes  and  Masks  of  Things, 
Framed  like  Faiths  or  clothed  like  Kings — 
Ghosts  of  Goods  once  fleshed  and  fair, 
Grown  foul  Bads  in  alien  air — 
War,  and  his  most  noisy  lords, 
Tongued  with  lithe  and  poisoned  swords — 

Error,  Terror,  Rage,  and  Crime, 

All  in  a  windy  night  of  time 

Cried  to  me  from  land  and  sea, 
No  /     Thou  shalt  not  be  ! 

Hark ! 

Huguenots  whispering  yea  in  the  dark, 
Puritans  answering  yea  in  the  dark  ! 
Yea,  like  an  arrow  shot  true  to  his  mark, 
Darts  through  the  tyrannous  heart  of  Denial. 
Patience  and  Labor,  and  solemn-souled  Trial, 
Foiled,  still  beginning, 
Soiled,  but  not  sinning, 

Toil  through  the  stertorous  death  of  the  Night, 
Toil,  when  wild  brother-wars  new  dark  the  Light, 
Toil,  and  forgive,  and  kiss  o'er,  and  replight. 

Now  Praise  to  God's  oft-granted  grace, 

Now  Praise  to  Man's  undaunted  face, 

Despite  the  land,  despite  the  sea, 

I  was  :  I  am  :  and  I  shall  be — 
How  long,  Good  Angel,  O  how  long? 
Sing  me  from  Heaven  a  man's  own  song ! 

"  Long  as  thine  Art  shall  love  true  love, 
Long  as  thy  Science  truth  shall  know, 
Long  as  thine  Eagle  harms  no  Dove, 
Long  as  thy  Law  by  law  shall  grow, 
Long  as  thy  God  is  God  above, 
Thy  brother  every  man  below, 
So  long,  dear  Land  of  all  my  love, 
Thy  name  shall  shine,  thy  fame  shall  glow !" 


36  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  2876. 

Ope™ng  O  Music,  from  this  height  of  time  my  Word  unfold  : 

In  thy  large  signals  all  men's  hearts  Man's  Heart  behold : 
Mid-heaven  unroll  thy  chords  as  friendly  flags  unfurled, 
And  wave  the  world's  best  lover's  welcome  to  the  world. 


PRESENTATION  OF   THE  EXHIBITION  TO  THE  PRESI- 
DENT  OF   THE   UNITED    STATES 

BY  JOSEPH    R.    HAWLEY,   PRESIDENT  OF    THE   UNITED   STATES  CEN- 
TENNIAL COMMISSION. 

MR.  PRESIDENT: — Five  years  ago,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States 
declared  it  fitting  that  "the  completion  of  the  first  century  of  our  national 
existence  should  be  commemorated  by  an  exhibition  of  the  natural  resources 
of  the  country  and  their  development,  and  of  its  progress  in  those  arts 
which  benefit  mankind,"  and  ordered  that  an  exhibition  of  American  and 
foreign  arts,  products,  and  manufactures  should  be  held,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in 
the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  severity-six.  To  put  into  effect  the  several 
laws  relating  to  the  Exhibition,  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission 
was  constituted,  composed  of  two  Commissioners  from  each  State  and 
Territory,  nominated  by  their  respective  Governors,  and  appointed  by  the 
President.  The  Congress  also  created  our  auxiliary  and  associate  corpora- 
tion, the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  whose  unexpectedly  heavy  burdens 
have  been  nobly  borne.  A  remarkable  and  prolonged  disturbance  of  the 
finances  and  industries  of  the  country  has  greatly  magnified  the  task ;  but 
we  hope  for  a  favorable  judgment  of  the  degree  of  success  attained.  July 
4,  1873,  this  ground  was  dedicated  to  its  present  uses.  Twenty-one  months 
ago  this  Memorial  Hall  was  begun.  All  the  other  one  hundred  and  eighty 
buildings  within  the  inclosure  have  been  erected  within  twelve  months. 
All  the  buildings  embraced  in  the  plans  of  the  Commission  itself  are  fin- 
ished. The  demands  of  applicants  exceeded  the  space,  and  strenuous 
and  continuous  efforts  have  been  made  to  get  every  exhibit  ready  in  time. 

By  general  consent  the  Exhibition  is  appropriately  held  in  the  City  of 
Brotherly  Love.  'Yonder,  almost  within  your  view,  stands  the  venerated 
edifice  wherein  occurred  the  event  this  work  is  designed  to  commemorate, 
and  the  hall  in  which  the  first  Continental  Congress  assembled.  Within 
the  present  limits  of  this  great  Park  were  the  homes  of  eminent  patriots  of 
that  era,  where  Washington  and  his  associates  received  generous  hospitality 
and  able  counsel.  You  have  observed  the  surpassing  beauty  of  the  situation 
placed  at  our  disposal.  In  harmony  with  all  this  fitness  is  the  liberal  sup- 
port given  the  enterprise  by  the  State,  the  city,  and  the  people  individually. 

In  the  name  of  the  United  States,  you  extended  a  respectful  and  cordial 
invitation  to  the  Governments  of  other  nations  to  be  represented  and  to 
participate  in  this  Exhibition.  You  know  the  very  acceptable  terms  in 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  3 7 

which  they  responded,  from  even  the  most  distant  regions.     Their  Com-  Opening 
missioners  are  here,  and  you  will  soon  see  with  what  energy  and  brilliancy  Ccremoni«*- 
they  have  entered  upon  this  friendly  competition  in  the  arts  of  peace. 

It  has  been  the  fervent  hope  of  the  Commission  that,  during  this  festival 
year,  the  people  from  all  States  and  sections,  of  all  creeds  and  churches, 
all  parties  and  classes,  burying  all  resentments,  would  come  up  together  to 
this  birthplace  of  our  liberties,  to  study  the  evidence  of  our  resources ;  to 
measure  the  progress  of  an  hundred  years ;  and  to  examine  to  our  profit 
the  wonderful  products  of  other  lands;  but  especially  to  join  hands  in  per- 
fect fraternity  and  promise  the  God  of  our  fathers  that  the  new  century 
shall  surpass  the  old  in  the  true  glories  of  civilization.  And  furthermore, 
that  from  the  association  here  of  welcome  visitors  from  all  nations,  there 
may  result  not  alone  great  benefits  to  invention,  manufactures,  agriculture, 
trade,  and  commerce,  but  also  stronger  international  friendships  and  more 
lasting  peace. 

Thus  reporting  to  you,  Mr.  President,  under  the  laws  of  the  Govern- 
ment and  the  usage  of  similar  occasions,  in  the  name  of  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission,  I  present  to  your  view  the  International  Exhibition 
of  1876. 


ADDRESS 

BY  THE   PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES,  AND   PROCLAMATION 
OF  THE  OPENING  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION  OF   1876. 

MY  COUNTRYMEN  : — It  has  been  thought  appropriate,  upon  this  Cen- 
tennial occasion,  to  bring  together  in  Philadelphia,  for  popular  inspection, 
specimens  of  our  attainments  in  the  industrial  and  fine  arts,  and  in  litera- 
ture, science,  and  philosophy,  as  well  as  in  the  great  business  of  agriculture 
and  of  commerce. 

That  we  may  the  more  thoroughly  appreciate  the  excellences  and  de- 
ficiencies of  our  achievements,  and  also  give  emphatic  expression  to 
our  earnest  desire  to  cultivate  the  friendship  of  our  fellow-members  of 
this  great  family  of  nations,  the  enlightened  agricultural,  commercial,  and 
manufacturing  people  of  the  world  have  been  invited  to  send  hither  corre- 
sponding specimens  of  their  skill  to  exhibit  on  equal  terms  in  friendly  com- 
petition with  our  own.  To  this  invitation  they  have  generously  responded; 
for  so  doing  we  render  them  our  hearty  thanks. 

The  beauty  and  utility  of  the  contributions  will  this  day  be  submitted  to 
your  inspection  by  the  managers  of  this  Exhibition.  We  are  glad  to  know 
that  a  view  of  specimens  of  the  skill  of  all  nations  will  afford  to  you  unal- 
loyed pleasure,  as  well  as  yield  to  you  a  valuable  practical  knowledge  of  so 
many  of  the  remarkable  results  of  the  wonderful  skill  existing  in  enlightened 
communities. 

One  hundred  years  ago  our  country  was  new  and  but  partially  settled. 


38  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Opening  Our  necessities  have  compelled  us  to  chiefly  expend  our  means  and  time 
Ceremonies.  jn  fenjng  forests,  subduing  prairies,  building  dwellings,  factories,  ships, 
docks,  warehouses,  roads,  canals,  machinery,  etc.,  etc.  Most  of  our  schools, 
churches,  libraries,  and  asylums  have  been  established  within  an  hundred 
years.  Burdened  by  these  great  primal  works  of  necessity,  which  could 
not  be  delayed,  we  yet  have  done  what  this  Exhibition  will  show  in  the 
direction  of  rivaling  older  and  more  advanced  nations  in  law,  medicine, 
and  theology;  in  science,  literature,  philosophy,  and  the  fine  arts.  While 
proud  of  what  we  have  done,  we  regret  that  we  have  not  done  more.  Our 
achievements  have  been  great  enough,  however,  to  make  it  easy  for  our 
people  to  acknowledge  superior  merit  wherever  found. 

And  now,  fellow-citizens,  I  hope  a  careful  examination  of  what  is  about 
to  be  exhibited  to  you  will  not  only  inspire  you  with  a  profound  respect  for 
the  skill  and  taste  of  our  friends  from  other  nations,  but  also  satisfy  you 
with  the  attainments  made  by  our  own  people  during  the  past  one  hundred 
years.  I  invoke  your  generous  co-operation  with  the  worthy  Commissioners 
to  secure  a  brilliant  success  to  this  International  Exhibition,  and  to  make 
the  stay  of  our  foreign  visitors — to  whom  we  extend  a  hearty  welcome — 
both  profitable  and  pleasant  to  them. 

I  declare  the  International  Exhibition  now  open. 


CENTENNIAL   ANNIVERSARY 


OF  TH# 


DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


39 


THE  NATIONAL  COMMEMORATION, 


UNDER  THE  DIRECTION   OF  THE 


UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

INDEPENDENCE   SQUARE,  PHILADELPHIA, 
JULY  4,  1876. 


The  order  of  proceedings  for  that  portion  of  the  commemoration  Centennial 
of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
which  took  place  in  Independence  Square  was  announced  by  the 
Centennial  Commission  as  follows  :* 


THE  NATIONAL  COMMEMORATION,  JULY  4,  1876, 
INDEPENDENCE   SQUARE,  PHILADELPHIA. 

The  ceremonies  observed,  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Com- 
mission, in  commemoration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  of  the  United  States,  take  place  in  Independence  Square,  Philadelphia, 
July  4,  beginning  at  10  A.M. 

PROGRAMME. 

i.— GRAND  OVERTURE,  THE  GREA  T  REPUBLIC,  founded  on  the  National 
Air,  Hail  Columbia,  and  arranged  for  the  occasion  by  the  composer,  George  F.  Bristow, 
of  New  York.  Orchestra — P.  S.  Gilmore,  Musical  Director  for  the  day. 

2.— THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  COMMISSION,  Joseph  R.  Hawley,  will  call  the 
assembly  to  order,  and  announce  the  President  of  the  United  States,  or,  in  his  absence, 
the  Vice-President,  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Ferry,  as  the  presiding  officer  of  the  day. 

3.— PRAYER,  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  William  B.  Stevens,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Pennsylvania. 

4.— HYMN,  WELCOME  TO  ALL  NA  T1ONS.  Words  by  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes, 
of  Massachusetts.  Music,  Keller's  Hymn.  Orchestra  and  Chorus. 

*  The  proceedings  on  this  occasion  were  arranged  by  an  advisory  committee,  composed 
of  Messrs.  Henry  Armitt  Brown,  John  William  Wallace,  and  Charles  S.  Keyser. 

6  41 


42  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial  5.— READING  OF  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE,  by  Richard 

Ceremonies,  Henry  Lee,  of  Virginia.  The  original  manuscript  will  be  brought  forward  for  the  purpose 
by  his  Honor  the  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  to  whose  care  it  has  been  intrusted  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States. 

6. — GREETING  FROM  BRAZIL,  a  Hymn  for  the  First  Centennial  of  American 
Independence,  composed  by  A.  Carlos  Gomes,  of  Brazil,  at  the  request  of  His  Majesty 
Dom  Pedro  II.,  Emperor  of  Brazil.  Orchestra. 

7.— POEM,  THE  NATIONAL  ODE,  by  Bayard  Taylor,  of  Pennsylvania.  Intro- 
duced by  John  Welsh,  President  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

8.— GRAND  TRIUMPHAL  MARCH,  WITH  CHORUS,  OUR  NATIONAL 
BANNER.  Words  by  Dexter  Smith,  of  Massachusetts.  Music  by  Sir  Julius  Benedict, 
of  England.  Orchestra  and  Chorus. 

9.— ORATION,  by  William  M.  Evarts,  of  New  York. 

io.— HALLELUJAH  CHORUS,  from  Handel's  Messiah.     Orchestra  and  Chorus. 

ii.— DOXOLOGY,  THE  OLD  HUNDREDTH  PSALM,  in  which  all  present  are 
requested  to  join. 

In  the  public  square  at  the  rear  of  Independence  Hall  was  erected 
a  sheltered  platform,  capable  of  accommodating  5000  invited  guests. 
On  the  opposite  side  of  Independence  Square  was  a  platform  for  an 
orchestra  of  250  performers  and  a  chorus  of  I2OO  singers,  composed 
of  volunteers  from  the  musical  associations  of  Philadelphia,  led  by 
Mr.  P.  S.  Gilmore.  Long  before  the  hour  designated  the  entire 
square,  even  to  the  branches  of  its  trees  and  the  surrounding  streets, 
had  become  densely  thronged ;  and  the  platform  was  filled  with  those 
for  whom  seats  had  been  provided.  Among  the  distinguished  guests 
upon  the  platform  were  representatives  of  the  diplomatic  corps  ac- 
credited to  this  government;  the  commissioners  of  the  different 
nations  which  participated  in  the  Exhibition ;  the  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States  and  members  of  the  Cabinet,  Congress,  and  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States;  officers  of  the  army  and  navy;  the  Gov- 
ernors of  Pennsylvania,  Wisconsin,  Maryland,  Vermont,  Rhode  Island, 
and  Michigan ;  officers  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  of  neighboring  cities ;  representatives  of  various  religious  bodies, 
and  distinguished  citizens  of  Philadelphia  and  other  cities.  As  many 
of  these  gentlemen  appeared  upon  the  platform, — especially  the  gene- 
rals Sherman  and  Sheridan,  Sir  Edward  Thornton,  the  British 
Minister,  and  His  Majesty  Dom  Pedro,  Emperor  of  Brazil, — they 
were  greeted  with  enthusiastic  applause. 

At  about  ten  o'clock  General  Joseph  R.  Hawley,  President  of  the 
Centennial  Commission,  called  on  the  audience  for  quiet,  and  sig- 
naled to  the  musical  director  for  the  performance  of  the  grand  over- 
ture, The  Great  Republic,  which  was  composed  by  Mr.  George  F. 
Bristow,  of  New  York,  upon  the  basis  of  the  national  air,  Hail 
Columbia. 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  music,  General   Hawley  addressed  the  Centennial 
audience: 


ADDRESS 

BY  JOSEPH   R.  HAWLEY. 

FELLOW-CITIZENS  AND  FRIENDS  OF  ALL  NATIONS: — One  hundred  years 
ago  the  Republic  was  proclaimed  on  this  spot,  and  we  have  come  together 
to  celebrate  to-day,  by  peaceful  and  simple  observance,  our  wonder,  our 
pride,  and  our  gratitude.  These  presences  to-day  prove  the  good  will  ex- 
isting among  all  nations.  To  the  strangers  among  us  a  thousand  welcomes ; 
to  the  land  we  love,  liberty,  peace,  justice,  prosperity,  and  the  blessing  of 
God  to  all  time.  By  direction  of  the  Commission,  I  have  the  honor  to 
announce  as  the  presiding  officer  of  the  day  the  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Ferry, 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Ferry  then  assumed  the  chair  and  spoke  as  follows : 


ADDRESS 

BY   THOMAS   W.  FERRY. 

CITIZENS  OF  OUR  CENTENNIAL  : — The  regretful  absence  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States  casts  on  me  the  honor  of  presiding  on  this  eventful 
occasion.  Much  as  I  value  the  official  distinction,  I  prize  much  more  the 
fact  that  severally  we  hold,  and  successfully  we  maintain,  the  right  to  the 
prouder  title  of  American  citizen.  It  ranks  all  others.  It  makes  office, 
unmakes  officers,  and  creates  States.  One  hundred  years  ago,  in  yonder 
historical  structure,  heroic  statesmen  sat,  and  gravely  chose  between  royal 
rule  and  popular  sovereignty.  Inspired  with  the  spirit  which  animated  the 
Roman  sage  who,  on  the  midst  of  Mars  Hill,  declared  that  of  one  blood 
were  made  all  nations  of  men,  those  Continental  sages  echoed  in  the  midst 
of  Independence  Hall  their  immortal  declaration  that  all  men  are  created 
free  and  equal.  Appealing  to  the  God  of  justice  and  of  battle  for  the 
rectitude  and  firmness  of  their  purpose,  they  pledged  their  lives,  their 
fortunes,  and  their  sacred  honor  to  the  abstract  principle  of  the  freedom 
and  equality  of  the  human  race. 

To-day,  in  this  rounding  hour  of  a  century,  appealing  to  the  same  God 
of  justice  and  of  peace,  we  praise  Him  for,  and  pledge  our  lives,  our  for- 
tunes, and  our  sacred  honor  to  maintain,  the  spirit  of  that  Declaration  now 
made  universal  by  the  fundamental  law  of  the  land.  We,  the  people  of 
the  United  States,  in  this  Centennial  memorial,  pay  double  tribute  to  the 
Most  High  One  of  grateful  acknowledgment  of  the  fulfilled  pledge  of 


44  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Centennial  our  fathers  to  overthrow  royalism,  and  the  other  of  joyful  assurance  of 
July  4, 1876*  tne  fulfilling  pledge  of  their  sons  to  uphold  republicanism.  The  great 
powers  of  the  earth  honor  the  spirit  of  American  fidelity  to  the  cause  of 
human  freedom  by  the  exhibition  of  their  wares  and  the  presence  of  their 
titled  peers  to  grace  and  dignify  the  world's  homage  paid  to  the  centennial 
genius  of  American  liberty. 

Three  millions  of  people  grown  to  forty-three  millions ;  and  thirteen 
Colonies  enlarged  to  a- nation  of  thirty-seven  States,  with  the  thirty-eighth, 
the  Centennial  State,  forsaking  eight  Territories,  and  on  the  threshold  of 
the  Union,  abiding  executive  admission;  these  attest  the  forecast  and  the 
majesty  of  the  Declaration  of  1776.  It  was  nothing  short  of  the  utterance 
of  the  sovereignty  of  manhood  and  the  worth  of  American  citizenship. 
Its  force  is  fast  supplanting  the  assumption  of  the  divine  right  of  kings,  by 
virtue  of  the  supreme  law  of  the  nation,  that  the  people  alone  hold  the 
sole  power  to  rule.  Nations  succeed  each  other  in  following  the  example 
of  this  Republic,  and  the  force  of  American  institutions  bids  fair  to  bring 
about  a  general  reversal  of  the  source  of  political  power.  When  that 
period  shall  come,  Great  Britain,  so  magnanimous  in  presence  on  this 
auspicious  era,  will  then,  if  not  before,  praise  the  events  when  American 
Independence  was  won  under  Washington,  and  when  freedom  and  equality 
of  races  were  achieved  under  Lincoln  and  Grant. 

At  the  close  of  his  address  the  Vice-President,  introducing  the 
Right  Rev.  William  Bacon  Stevens,  D.D.,  said : 

FELLOW-CITIZENS  : — You  will  now  reverently  join  in  an  invocation  by 
the  ecclesiastical  successor  of  the  first  Chaplain  of  the  Continental  Con- 
gress, the  Right  Reverend  William  B.  Stevens,  Bishop  of  Pennsylvania. 


PRAYER 

BY   BISHOP   STEVENS. 

O  Almighty  and  Eternal  God,  we  come  before  Thee  to  praise  Thy 
glorious  name,  and  to  give  Thee  most  humble  and  hearty  thanks  for  the 
inestimable  blessings  which,  as  a  nation,  we  this  day  enjoy. 

We  devoutly  recognize  Thy  Fatherly  hand  in  the  planting  and  nurturing 
of  these  colonies,  in  carrying  them  through  the  perils  and  trials  of  war,  in 
establishing  them  in  peace,  and  in  permitting  us  to  celebrate  this  hundredth 
birthday  of  our  independence.  We  thank  Thee,  O  God,  that  Thou  didst 
inspire  the  hearts  of  Thy  servants  to  lay  here  the  foundations  of  peace  and 
liberty,  to  proclaim  here  those  principles  which  have  wrought  out  for  us 
such  civil  and  religious  blessings,  and  to  set  up  here  a  government  which 
Thou  hast  crowned  by  Thy  blessing  and  guarded  by  Thy  hand  to  this  day. 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 


45 


Thou  hast  safely  brought  us  to  the  beginning  of  another  century  of  Centennial 
national  life.  Defend  and  bless  us  in  the  same,  O  God,  with  Thy  mighty 
power.  Give  peace  and  prosperity  in  all  our  borders,  unity  and  charity 
among  all  classes,  and  a  true  and  hearty  love  of  country  to  all  our  people. 
Keep  far  from  us  all  things  hurtful  to  the  welfare  of  the  nation,  and  give  to 
us  all  things  necessary  for  our  true  growth  and  progress. 

Bless,  O  Thou  Mighty  Ruler  of  the  universe,  Thy  servants  to  whom  are 
committed  the  executive,  the  legislative,  and  judicial  government  of  this 
land.  Be  pleased  to  direct  and  prosper  all  their  consultations  to  the  ad- 
vancement of  Thy  glory,  the  good  of  Thy  church,  the  safety,  honor,  and 
welfare  of  Thy  people ;  that  all  things  may  be  so  ordered  and  settled  by 
their  endeavors  upon  the  best  and  surest  foundations ;  that  peace  and  hap- 
piness, truth  and  justice,  religion  and  true  liberty,  may  be  established 
among  us  for  all  generations.  Make  us  know,  therefore,  on  this  day  of  our 
nation's  festivity,  and  to  consider  it  in  our  hearts,  that  Thou  art  God  in 
heaven  above,  and  upon  the  earth  beneath,  and  that  there  is  no  God  else 
beside  Thee. 

Enable  us  to  keep  Thy  statutes  and  Thy  judgments  which  Thou  hast 
commanded,  that  it  may  go  well  with  us  and  with  our  children ;  that  we 
and  They  may  fear  Thy  name  and  obey  Thy  law,  and  that  Thou  mayest 
prolong  the  days  of  this  nation  through  all  coming  time. 

Pour  out  Thy  Fatherly  blessing  upon  our  whole  country,  upon  all  our 
lawful  pursuits  and  industries,  upon  all  our  households  and  institutions  of 
learning  and  benevolence,  that  rejoicing  in  Thy  smile,  and  strengthened  by 
Thy  might,  this  nation  may  go  on  through  all  the  years  of  this  new  century 
a  praise  and  a  joy  of  the  whole  earth,  so  that  all  who  look  upon  it  may  be 
able  to  say,  "  Truly  God  is  in  the  midst  of  her;  she  shall  not  be  moved." 

These  things  and  whatsoever  else  we  need  for  our  national  preservation 
and  perpetuity,  we  humbly  ask  in  the  name  and  through  the  mediation  of 
Thy  dear  Son,  to  whom,  with  the  Father  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  be  ascribed 
all  might,  majesty,  dominion,  and  power,  world  without  end.  Amen. 

When  the  audience,  who  had  stood  with  uncovered  heads  during 
the  prayer,  had  resumed  their  places,  the  chorus  sang  the  hymn 
Welcome  to  all  Nations,  written  for  the  occasion  by  Dr.  Oliver  Wen- 
dell Holmes. 


Centennial 
Ceremonies, 
July  4,  1876. 


46  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 

HYMN,   WELCOME   TO  ALL  NATIONS. 

BY  OLIVER  WENDELL   HOLMES,  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 
MUSIC,  "KELLER'S  HYMN."     ORCHESTRA  AND  CHORUS. 

I. 
Bright  on  the  banners  of  lily  and  rose, 

Lo,  the  last  sun  of  the  century  sets  ! 
Wreathe  the  black  cannon  that  scowled  on  our  foes ; 

All  but  her  friendships  the  nation  forgets ! 
All  but  her  friends  and  their  welcome  forgets ! 

These  are  around  her,  but  where  are  her  foes  ? 
Lo,  while  the  sun  of  the  century  sets, 

Peace  with  her  garlands  of  lily  and  rose  ! 

ii. 

Welcome  !  a  shout  like  the  war-trumpet's  swell, 

Wakes  the  wild  echoes  that  slumber  around  ! 
Welcome  !  it  quivers  from  Liberty's  bell ; 

Welcome  !  the  walls  of  her  temple  resound  ! 
Hark  !  the  gray  walls  of  her  temple  resound  ! 

Fade  the  far  voices  o'er  river  and  dell ; 
Welcome  !  still  whisper  the  echoes  around  ; 

Welcome  !  still  trembles  on  Liberty's  bell ! 

in. 
Thrones  of  the  continents  !  Isles  of  the  sea  ! 

Yours  are  the  garlands  of  peace  we  entwine  ! 
Welcome  once  more  to  the  land  of  the  free, 

Shadowed  alike  by  the  palm  and  the  pine, 
Softly  they  murmur,  the  palm  and  the  pine, 

"  Hushed  is  our  strife  in  the  land  of  the  free." 
Over  your  children  their  branches  entwine, 

Thrones  of  the  continents  !  Isles  of  the  sea  ! 

The  Vice- President  then  said  : 

FELLOW-CITIZENS  :  I  now  have  the  pleasure  of  announcing  to  you  that 
the  original  document  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  will  be  brought 
forward  by  his  Honor  the  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  and  will  be  read  to  you 
by  the  grandson  of  that  patriot  and  statesman,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  who, 
in  the  Continental  Congress,  moved  that  "these  United  Colonies  are,  and 
of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent  States." 


REPORT  OF   THE   PRESIDENT. 


47 


The  Hon.  William  S.  Stokley,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  accompanied  Centennial 
by  Mr.  Richard  Henry  Lee,  of  Virginia,  brought  to  the  front  of  the 
platform  the  old  manuscript  of  the  Declaration,  held  together  by  a 
frame. 


ADDRESS 
BY  WILLIAM   S.  STOKLEY,  MAYOR   OF   PHILADELPHIA. 

FREEMEN: — It  is  peculiarly  appropriate  to  the  celebration  of  the  Centen- 
nial Anniversary  of  the  birthday  of  the  nation  that  the  hallowed  document 
which  secured  to  millions  their  freedom,  and  which  marked  the  advent  of 
a  nation  in  the  West,  should  be  exhibited  and  read  to  the  people  upon  the 
spot  from  which  one  hundred  years  ago  it  was  first  promulgated  to  the 
world.  All  the  surroundings  of  the  occasion,  notably  the  presence  of  dis- 
tinguished representatives  from  nearly  all  of  the  nations  of  the  earth,  mark 
the  contrast  between  the  beginning  and  the  end  of  the  first  century  of  a 
nation  whose  existence  is  based  upon  the  fundamental  principle  of  that 
Declaration. 

Impressed  with  a  sense  of  the  magnitude  of  an  occasion  such  as  the  one 
which  we  to-day  celebrate,  the  President  of  the  United  States  recently 
intrusted  to  my  care  the  original  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  of  the 
United  States,  that  the  same  might  be  read  and  exhibited  to  the  people  in 
this  place  upon  the  Fourth  day  of  July,  1876 ;  and,  in  accordance  with  the 
duty  devolved  upon  me,  I  have  now  the  honor  to  exhibit  the  document 
to  you,  after  which  it  will  be  temporarily  intrusted  to  Mr.  Lee,  the  distin- 
guished gentleman  to  whom  has  been  assigned  the  duty  of  reading  it  aloud. 

The  enthusiasm  with  which  the  venerated  relic  was  greeted  broke 
out  in  prolonged  cheering,  which,  at  a  signal,  culminated  in  a  tre- 
mendous shout  of  welcome  from  all  on  the  platform  and  in  the 
Square,  and  was  taken  up  and  echoed  back  by  the  crowds  in  the 
streets  without. 

Mr.  Lee  then  read  the  Declaration  from  the  old  manuscript. 

The  Vice-President,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  reading,  announced  as 
next  in  the  order  of  proceedings  the  performance  by  the  orchestra 
of  a  "  Greeting  from  Brazil,  a  Hymn  for  the  First  Centennial  of 
American  Independence,  composed  by  A.  Carlos  Gomes,  of  Brazil, 
at  the  request  of  his  Majesty  Dom  Pedro  II.,  Emperor  of  Brazil." 
The  Emperor,  at  this  point,  was  conducted  to  the  front  of  the  plat- 
form by  General  Hawley,  and  bowed  his  acknowledgment  of  the 
cordial  applause  with  which  he  was  greeted, — cheers  which  were 
repeated  at  the  close  of  the  music. 


4g  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial  Mr.  John  Welsh,  President  of  the  Centennial   Board  of  Finance, 

Ceremonies,     ^^   jntroc]Uced  to  the  audience,  at  the  request  of  Vice-President 

July  4,  1876. 

Ferry,  Mr.  Bayard  Taylor,  of  Pennsylvania,  who  was  received  very 
heartily  and  listened  to  with  close  attention  during  his  recitation  of 
the  Ode  of  the  day. 


NATIONAL   ODE 

BY  BAYARD  TAYLOR,  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

I.— I. 

Sun  of  the  stately  Day, 
Let  Asia  into  the  shadow  drift, 
Let  Europe  bask  in  thy  ripened  ray, 
And  over  the  severing  ocean  lift 
A  brow  of  broader  splendor  ! 
Give  light  to  the  eager  eyes 
Of  the  Land  that  waits  to  behold  thee  rise : 
The  gladness  of  morning  lend  her, 
With  the  triumph  of  noon  attend  her, 
And  the  peace  of  the  vesper  skies ! 

For  lo  !  she  cometh  now 
With  hope  on  the  lip  and  pride  on  the  brow, 
Stronger,  and  dearer,  and  fairer, 
To  smile  on  the  love  we  bear  her, — 
To  live,  as  we  dreamed  her  and  sought  her, 

Liberty's  latest  daughter ! 
In  the  clefts  of  the  rocks,  in  the  secret  places, 

.We  found  her  traces  ; 
On  the  hills,  in  the  crash  of  woods  that  fall, 

We  heard  her  call ; 
When  the  lines  of  battle  broke,   - 
We  saw  her  face  in  the  fiery  smoke ; 
Through  toil,  and  anguish,  and  desolation, 

We  followed,  and  found  her 
With  the  grace  of  a  virgin  Nation 
As  a  sacred  zone  around  her  ! 
Who  shall  rejoice 
With  a  righteous  voice, 
Far-heard  through  the  ages,  if  not  she? 
For  the  menace  is  dumb  that  defied  her, 
The  doubt  is  dead  that  denied  her, 
And  she  stands  acknowledged,  and  strong,  and  free ! 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT.  49 

II.  —  I.  Centennial 

Ceremonies, 

Ah,  hark!  the  solemn  undertone  July 4,1876. 

On  every  wind  of  human  story  blown. 
A  large,  divinely-moulded  Fate 
Questions  the  right  and  purpose  of  a  State, 

And  in  its  plan  sublime 
Our  eras  are  the  dust  of  Time. 
The  far-off  Yesterday  of  power 

Creeps  back  with  stealthy  feet, 
Invades  the  lordship  of  the  hour, 
And  at  our  banquet  takes  the  unbidden  seat. 
From  all  unchronicled  and  silent  ages 
Before  the  Future  first  begot  the  Past, 

Till  History  dared,  at  last, 
To  write  eternal  words  on  granite  pages ; 
From  Egypt's  tawny  drift,  and  Assur's  mound, 
And  where,  uplifted  white  and  far, 
Earth  highest  yearns  to  meet  a  star, 
And  Man  his  manhood  by  the  Ganges  found, — 
Imperial  heads,  of  old  millennial  sway, 

And  still  by  some  pale  splendor  crowned, 
Chill  as  a  corpse-light  in  our  full-orbed  day, 

In  ghostly  grandeur  rise 
And  say,  through  stony  lips  and  vacant  eyes: 
"Thou  that  assertest  freedom,  power,  and  fame. 
Declare  to  us  thy  claim!" 


I.  — 2. 

On  the  shores  of  a  Continent  cast, 
She  won  the  inviolate  soil 

By  loss  of  heirdom,  of  all  the  Past, 

And  faith  in  the  royal  right  of  Toil  ! 

She  planted  homes  on  the  savage  sod  : 
Into  the  wilderness  lone 
She  walked  with  fearless  feet, 
In  her  hand  the  divining-rod, 
Till  the  veins  of  the  mountains  beat 

With  fire  of  metal  and  force  of  stone  ! 

She  set  the  speed  of  the  river-head 

To  turn  the  mills  of  her  bread  ; 
She  drove  her  plowshare  deep 

Through  the  prairie's  thousand-centuried  sleep; 
To  the  South,  and  West,  and  North, 
She  called  Pathfinder  forth, 
7 


c;0  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Centennial  Her  faithful  and  sole  companion, 

Ceremonies,  Where  the  flushed  Sierra,  snowy-starred, 

July  4,  1876. 

Her  way  to  the  sunset  barred, 
And  the  nameless  rivers  in  thunder  and  foam 

Channeled  the  terrible  canyon  ! 

Nor  paused,  till  her  uttermost  home 
Was  built,  in  the  smile  of  a  softer  sky 

And  the  glory  of  beauty  still  to  be, 
Where  the  haunted  waves  of  Asia  die 

On  the  strand  of  the  world-wide  sea  ! 


II.— 2. 

The  race,  in  conquering, 
Some  fierce  Titanic  joy  of  conquest  knows : 

Whether  in  veins  of  serf  or  king, 
Our  ancient  blood  beats  restless  in  repose. 

Challenge  of  Nature  unsubdued 
Awaits  not  Man's  defiant  answer  long  ; 

For  hardship,  even  as  wrong. 
Provokes  the  level-eyed,  heroic  mood. 
This  for  herself  she  did  ;  but  that  which  lies, 

As  over  earth  the  skies, 
Blending  all  forms  in  one  benignant  glow, — 

Crowned  conscience,  tender  care, 
Justice,  that  answers  every  bondman's  prayer, 
Freedom  where  Faith  may  lead  or  thought  may  dare, 

The  power  of  minds  that  know, 

Passion  of  hearts  that  feel, 

Purchased  by  blood  and  woe, 

Guarded  by  fire  and  steel,— 
Hath  she  secured  ?     What  blazon  on  her  shield, 

In  the  clear  Century's  light 

Shines  to  the  world  revealed, 
Declaring  nobler  triumph,  born  of  Right? 

I.-3- 

Foreseen  in  the  vision  of  sages, 

Foretold  when  martyrs  bled, 
She  was  born  of  the  longing  of  ages, 

By  the  truth  of  the  noble  dead 

And  the  faith  of  the  living  fed  ! 
No  blood  in  her  lightest  veins 
Frets  at  remembered  chains, 
Nor  shame  of  bondage  has  bowed  her  head. 


REPORT  OF  TJ1E  PRESIDENT.  „ 

In  her  form  and  features  still  Centennial 

The  unblenching  Puritan  will, 

Cavalier  honor,  Huguenot  grace, 

The  Quaker  truth  and  sweetness, 
And  the  strength  of  the  danger-girdled  race 
Of  Holland,  blend  in  a  proud  completeness. 
From  the  homes  of  all,  where  her  being  began, 

She  took  what  she  gave  to  Man  : 

Justice,  that  knew  no  station, 
Belief  as  soul  decreed, 

Free  air  for  aspiration, 
Free  force  for  independent  deed  ! 

She  takes  but  to  give  again, 
As  the  sea  returns  the  rivers  in  rain  ; 
And  gathers  the  chosen  of  her  seed 
From  the  hunted  of  every  crown  and  creed. 
Her  Germany  dwells  by  a  gentler  Rhine ; 
Her  Ireland  sees  the  old  sunburst  shine ; 
Her  France  pursues  some  dream  divine ; 
Her  Norway  keeps  his  mountain  pine  ; 
Her  Italy  waits  by  the  western  brine ; 

And,  broad-based  under  all, 
Is  planted  England's  oaken-hearted  mood, 

As  rich  in  fortitude 
As  e'er  went  worldward  from  the  island  wall  ! 

Fused  in  her  candid  light, 
To  one  strong  race  all  races  here  unite  : 
Tongues  melt  in  hers,  hereditary  foemen 
Forget  their  sword  and  slogan,  kith  and  clan  ; 

'Twas  glory,  once,  to  be  a  Roman  , 
She  makes  it  glory,  now,  to  be  a  Man  ! 

II—3- 

Bow  down ! 

Doff  thine  seonian  crown  ! 

One  hour  forget 
The  glory,  and  recall  the  debt : 

Make  expiation*, 

Of  humbler  mood, 
For  the  pride  of  thine  exultation 
O'er  peril  conquered  and  strife  subdued  ! 
But  half  the  right  is  wrested 

When  victory  yields  her  prize, 
And  half  the  marrow  tested 

When  o'd  endurance  die>. 


52  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Centennial  In  the  sight  of  them  that  love  thee, 

Ceremonies,  Bow  to  tne  Greater  above  thee  ! 

July  4,  1876. 

He  faileth  not  to  smite 
The  idle  ownership  of  Right, 
Nor  spares  to  sinews  fresh  from  trial, 
And  virtue  schooled  in  long  denial, 
The  tests  that  wait  for  thee 
In  larger  perils  of  prosperity. 

Here,  at  the  Century's  awful  shrine, 
Bow  to  thy  Fathers'  God — and  thine  ! 


Behold  !  she  bendeth  now, 
Humbling  the  chaplet  of  her  hundred  years : 
There  is  a  solemn  sweetness  on  her  brow, 
And  in  her  eyes  are  sacred  tears. 

Can  she  forget, 

In  present  joy.  the  burden  of  her  debt, 
When  for  a  captive  race 
She  grandly  staked  and  won 
The  total  promise  of  her  power  begun, 

And  bared  her  bosom's  grace 
To  the  sharp  wound  that  inly  tortures  yet  ? 

Can  she  forget 
The  million  graves  her  young  devotion  set, 

The  hands  that  clasp  above 
From  either  side,  in  sad,  returning  love? 

Can  she  forget, 
Here,  where  the  Ruler  of  to-day, 

The  Citizen  of  to-morrow, 
And  equal  thousands  to  rejoice  and  pray 

Beside  these  holy  walls  are  met, 
Her  birth-cry,  mixed  of  keenest  bliss  and  sorrow  ? 
Where,  on  July's  immortal  morn 
Held  forth,  the  People  saw  her  head 
And  shouted  to  the  world  :   "The  King  is  dead, 

But  lo  !   the  Heir  is  born  !" 
When  fire  of  Youth,  and  sober  trust  of  Age, 
In  Farmer,  Soldier,  Priest,  and  Sage, 

Arose  and  cast  upon  her 
Baptismal  garments, — never  robes  so  fair 

Clad  prince  in  Old-world  air, — 
Their  lives,  their  fortunes,  and  their  sacred  honor ! 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 


53 


II. 4.  Centennial 

Ceremonies 

Arise  !     Recrown  thy  head,  juiy  4, 1876. 

Radiant  with  blessing  of  the  Dead  ! 

Bear  from  this  hallowed  place 
The  prayer  that  purifies  thy  lips, 
The  light  of  courage  that  defies  eclipse, 
The  rose  of  Man's  new  morning  on  thy  face ! 

Let  no  iconoclast 

Invade  thy  rising  Pantheon  of  the  Past, 
To  make  a  blank  where  Adams  stood, 
To  touch  the  Father's  sheathed  and  sacred  blade, 
Spoil  crowns  on  Jefferson  and  Franklin  laid, 
Or  wash  from  Freedom's  feet  the  stain  of  Lincoln's  blood ! 
Hearken,  as  from  that  haunted  hall 

Their  voices  call : 
"  We  lived  and  died  for  thee : 
We  greatly  dared  that  thou  might'st  be ; 

So,  from  thy  children  still 
We  claim  denials  which  at  last  fulfill, 
And  freedom  yielded  to  preserve  thee  free  ! 

Beside  clear-hearted  Right 
That  smiles  at  Power's  uplifted  rod, 

Plant  Duties  that  requite, 
And  Order  that  sustains,  upon  thy  sod, 

And  stand  in  stainless  might 
Above  all  self,  and  only  less  than  God  !" 

III.— i. 

Here  may  thy  solemn  challenge  end, 
All-proving  Past,  and  each  discordance  die 

Of  doubtful  augury, 
Or  in  one  choral  with  the  Present  blend, 

And  that  half-heard,  sweet  harmony 
Of  something  nobler  that  our  sons  may  see  ! 

Though  poignant  memories  burn 
Of  days  that  were,  and  may  again  return, 
When  thy  fleet  foot,  O  Huntress  of  the  Woods, 
The  slippery  brinks  of  danger  knew, 

And  dim  the  eyesight  grew 
That  was  so  sure  in  thine  old  solitudes, — 

Yet  stays  some  richer  sense 
Won  from  the  mixture  of  thine  elements, 

To  guide  the  vagrant  scheme, 
And  winnow  truth  from  each  conflicting  dream  ! 


£4  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION-,  1876. 

Centennial  Yet  in  thy  blood  shall  live 

Ceremonies,  Some  force  unspent,  some  essence  primitive, 

To  seize  the  highest  use  of  things ; 
For  Fate,  to  mould  thee  to  her  plan, 

Denied  thee  food  of  kings, 
Withheld  the  udder  and  the  orchard-fruits, 

Fed  thee  with  savage  roots, 
And  forced  thy  harsher  milk  from  barren  breasts  of  man  ! 


III.— 2. 

O  sacred  Woman-Form, 
Of  the  first  People's  need  and  passion  wrought, — 

No  thin,  pale  ghost  of  Thought, 
But  fair  as  Morning  and  as  heart's-blood  warm, — 
Wearing  thy  priestly  tiar  on  Judah's  hills  ; 
Clear-eyed  beneath  Athene's  helm  of  gold ; 

Or  from  Rome's  central  seat 
Hearing  the  pulses  of  the  Continents  beat 

In  thunder  where  her  legions  rolled ; 
Compact  of  high  heroic  hearts  and  wills, 

Whose  being  circles  all 
The  selfless  aims  of  men,  and  all  fulfills ; 
Thyself  not  free,  so  long  as  one  is  thrall ; 
Goddess,  that  as  a  Nation  lives, 

And  as  a  Nation  dies, 
That  for  her  children  as  a  man  defies, 
And  to  her  children  as  a  mother  gives, — 

Take  our  fresh  fealty  now  ! 
No  more  a  Chieftainess,  with  wampum-zone 

And  feather-cinctured  brow, — • 
No  more  a  new  Britannia,  grown 
To  spread  an  equal  banner  to  the  breeze, 
And  lift  thy  trident  o'er  trie  double  seas ; 

But  with  unborrowed  crest, 
In  thine  own  native  beauty  dressed, — 
The  front  of  pure  command,  the  unflinching  eye,  thine  own  ! 


HI.-3. 

Look  up,  look  forth,  and  on  ! 
There's  light  in  the  dawning  sky  : 
The  clouds  are  parting,  the  night  is  gone  : 
Prepare  for  the  work  of  the  day  ! 


REPORT  OF   THE   PRESIDENT. 


55 


Fallow  thy  pastures  lie  Centennial 

And  far  thy  shepherds  stray, 
And  the  fields  of  thy  vast  domain 

Are  waiting  for  purer  seed 

Of  knowledge,  desire,  and  deed, 
For  keener  sunshine  and  mellower  rain  ! 

But  keep  thy  garments  pure : 
Pluck  them  back,  with  the  old  disdain, 

From  touch  of  the  hands  that  stain  ! 

So  shall  thy  strength  endure. 
Transmute  into  good  the  gold  of  Gain, 
Compel  to  beauty  thy  ruder  powers, 

Till  the  bounty  of  coming  hours 

Shall  plant,  on  thy  fields  apart, 
With  the  oak  of  Toil,  the  rose  of  Art ! 

Be  watchful,  and  keep  us  so : 

Be  strong,  and  fear  no  foe  : 

Be  just,  and  the  world  shall  know  ! 
With  the  same  love  love  us,  as  we  give  ; 

And  the  day  shall  never  come, 

That  finds  us  weak  or  dumb 

To  join  and  smite  and  cry 
In  the  great  task,  for  thee  to  die, 
And  the  greater  task,  for  thee  to  live ! 


The  applause  at  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Taylor's  Ode  was  interrupted 
by  the  orchestral  prelude  to  the  Grand  Triumphal  March,  with  chorus", 
the  words  of  which  were  by  Mr.  Dexter  Smith,  of  Massachusetts;  the 
music  by  Sir  Julius  Benedict,  of  England. 


OUR   NATIONAL  BANNER. 

GRAND  TRIUMPHAL  MARCH,  WITH  CHORUS. 
I. 

O'er  the  high  and  o'er  the  lowly 
Floats  that  banner  bright  and  holy 

In  the  rays  of  freedom's  sun  ; 
In  the  nation's  heart  imbedded, 
O'er  our  Union  newly  wedded, 

One  in  all,  and  all  in  one. 


56  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  2876. 

Centennial  JL 

Ceremonies, 

July  4, 1876  Let  that  banner  wave  forever, 

May  its  lustrous  stars  fade  never 

Till  the  stars  shall  pale  on  high; 
While  there's  right  the  wrong  defeating, 
While  there's  hope  in  true  heart  beating, 

Truth  and  freedom  shall  not  die. 


III. 

As  it  floated  long  before  us, 
Be  it  ever  floating  o'er  us, 

O'er  our  land  from  shore  to  shore ; 
There  are  freemen  yet  to  wave  it, 
Millions  who  would  die  to  save  it, — 

Wave  it,  save  it  evermore. 


The  Vice-President  then  introduced  the  orator  of  the  day  in  the 
following  terms  : 

I  have  now  the  honor  to  announce  the  eminent  jurist,  whose  fame  the 
Empire  State  has  long  since  ceased  to  hold.  I  now  present  William  M. 
Evarts,  of  New  York,  the  orator  of  the  day. 


ORATION 

BY   WILLIAM   M.   EVARTS. 

The  event  which  to-day  we  commemorate  supplies  its  own  reflections 
and  enthusiasms,  and  brings  its  own  plaudits.  They  do  not  at  all  hang  on 
the  voice  of  the  speaker,  nor  do  they  greatly  depend  upon  the  contacts  and 
associations  of  the  place.  The  Declaration  of  American  Independence  was, 
when  it  occurred,  a  capital  transaction  in  human  affairs ;  as  such  it  has  kept 
its  place  in  history ;  as  such  it  will  maintain  itself  while  human  interest  in 
human  institutions  shall  endure.  The  scene  and  the  actors,  for  their  pro- 
found impression  upon  the  world,  at  the  time  and  ever  since,  have  owed 
nothing  to  dramatic  effects,  nothing  to  epical  exaggerations.  To  the  eye 
there  was  nothing  wonderful,  or  vast,  or  splendid,  or  pathetic  in  the  move- 
ment or  the  display.  Imagination  or  art  can  give  no  sensible  grace  or 
decoration  to  the  persons,  the  place,  or  the  performance  which  made  up 
the  business  of  that  day.  The  worth  and  force  that  belong  to  the  agents 
and  the  action  rest  wholly  on  the  wisdom,  the  courage,  and  the  faith  that 
formed  and  executed  the  great  design,  and  the  potency  and  permanence  of 
its  operation  upon  the  affairs  of  the  world  which,  as  foreseen  and  legitimate 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT, 


57 


consequences,  followed.  The  dignity  of  the  act  is  the  deliberate,  circum-  centennial 
spect,  open,  and  serene  performance  by  these  men  in  the  clear  light  of  day,  Ceremonies, 
and  by  a  concurrent  purpose,  of  a  civic  duty,  which  embraced  the  greatest  July4' l8 
hazards  to  themselves  and  to  all  the  people  from  whom  they  held  this 
deputed  discretion,  but  which,  to  their  sober  judgments,  promised  benefits 
to  that  people  and  their  posterity,  from  generation  to  generation,  exceeding 
these  hazards  and  commensurate  with  its  own  fitness.  The  question  of  their 
conduct  is  to  be  measured  by  the  actual  weight  and  pressure  of  the  manifold 
considerations  which  surrounded  the  subject  before  them,  and  by  the  abun- 
dant evidence  that  they  comprehended  their  vastness  and  variety.  By  a 
voluntary  and  responsible  choice  they  willed  to  do  what  was  done,  and  what 
without  their  will  would  not  have  been  done.  Thus  estimated,  the  illus- 
trious act  covers  all  who  participated  in  it  with  its  own  renown,  and  makes 
them  forever  conspicuous  among  men,  as  it  is  forever  famous  among  events. 
And  thus  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  our  Independence  "wrote 
their  names  where  all  nations  should  behold  them,  and  all  time  should  not 
efface  them."  It  was,  "  in  the  course  of  human  events,"  intrusted  to  them 
to  determine  whether  the  fullness  of  time  had  come  when  a  nation  should 
be  born  in  a  day.  They  declared  the  independence  of  a  new  nation  in  the 
sense  in  which  men  declare  emancipation  or  declare  war ;  the  declaration 
created  what  was  declared. 

Famous  always  among  men  are  the  founders  of  States,  and  fortunate 
above  all  others  in  such  fame  are  these,  our  fathers,  whose  combined 
wisdom  and  courage  began  the  great  structure  of  our  national  existence, 
and  laid  sure  the  foundations  of  liberty  and  justice  on  which  it  rests. 
Fortunate,  first,  in  the  clearness  of  their  title  and  in  the  world's  accept- 
ance of  their  rightful  claim.  Fortunate,  next,  in  the  enduring  magnitude 
of  the  State  they  founded  and  the  beneficence  of  its  protection  of  the 
vast  interests  of  human  life  and  happiness  which  have  here  had  their  home. 
Fortunate,  again,  in  the  admiring  imitation  of  their  work  which  the  insti- 
tutions of  the  most  powerful  and  most  advanced  nations  more  and  more 
exhibit ;  and,  last  of  all,  fortunate  in  the  full  demonstration  of  our  later 
time  that  their  work  is  adequate  to  withstand  the  most  disastrous  storms  of 
human  fortunes,  and  survive  unwrecked,  unshaken,  and  unharmed. 

This  day  has  now  been  celebrated  by  a  great  people,  at  each  recurrence 
of  its  anniversary,  for  a  hundred  years,  with  every  form  of  ostentatious 
joy,  with  every  demonstration  of  respect  and  gratitude  for  the  ancestral 
virtue  which  gave  it  its  glory,  and  with  the  firmest  faith  that  growing  time 
should  neither  obscure  its  lustre  nor  reduce  the  ardor  or  discredit  the  sin- 
cerity of  its  observance.  A  reverent  spirit  has  explored  the  lives  of  the 
men  who  took  part  in  the  great  transaction^  has  unfolded  their  characters 
*nd  exhibited  to  an  admiring  posterity  the  purity  of  their  motives, 
the  sagacity,  the  bravery,  the  fortitude,  the  perseverance  which  marked 
their  conduct,  and  which  secured  the  prosperity  and  permanence  of  their 
work.  Philosophy  has  divined  the  secrets  of  all  this  power,  and  eloquence 

8 


58  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial  emblazoned  the  magnificence  of  all  its  results.  The  heroic  war  which  fought 
°Ut  the  accluiescence  of  the  Old  World  in  the  independence  of  the  New; 
the  manifold  and  masterly  forms  of  noble  character  and  of  patient  and 
serene  wisdom  which  the  great  influences  of  the  times  begat;  the  large  and 
splendid  scale  on  which  these  elevated  purposes  were  wrought  out,  and  the 
majestic  proportions  to. which  they  have  been  filled  up;  the  unended  line 
of  eventful' progress,  casting  ever  backward  a  flood  of  light  upon  the 
sources  of  the  original  energy,  and  ever  forward  a  promise  and  a  prophecy 
of  unexhausted  power, — all  these  have  been  made  familiar  to  our  people  by 
the  genius  and  the  devotion  of  historians  and  orators.  The  greatest  states- 
men of  the  Old  World  for  this  same  period  of  a  hundred  years  have 
traced  the  initial  steps  in  these  events,  looked  into  the  nature  of  the  insti- 
tutions thus  founded,  weighed  by  the  Old  World  wisdom,  and  measured  by 
recorded  experience,  the  probable  fortunes  of  this  new  adventure  on  an 
unknown  sea.  This  circumspect  and  searching  survey  of  our  wide  field  of 
political  and  social  experiment,  no  doubt,  has  brought  them  a  diversity  of 
judgment  as  to  the  past  and  of  expectation  as  to  the  future.  But  of  the 
magnitude  and  the  novelty  and  the  power  of  the  forces  set  at  work  by  the 
event  we  commemorate,  no  competent  authorities  have  ever  greatly  differed. 
The  contemporary  judgment  of  Burke  is  scarcely  an  over-statement  of  the 
European  opinion  of  the  immense  import  of  American  independence. 
He  declared  :  "A  great  revolution  has  happened, — a  revolution  made  not 
by  chopping  and  changing  of  power  in  any  of  the  existing  States,  but  by 
the  appearance  of  a  new  State,  of  a  new  species,  in  a  new  part  of  the  globe. 
It  has  made  as  great  a  change  in  all  the  relations  and  balances  and  gravita- 
tions of  power  as  the  appearance  of  a  new  planet  would  in  the  system  of 
the  solar  world." 

It  is  easy  to  understand  that  the  rupture  between  the  colonies  and  the 
the  mother-country  might  have  worked  a  result  of  political  independence 
that  would  have  involved  no  such  mighty  consequences  as  are  here  so 
strongly  announced  by  the  most  philosophic  statesman  of  his  age.  The 
resistance  of  the  colonies,  which  came  to  a  head  in  the  revolt,  was  led  in 
the  name  and  for  the  maintenance  of  the  liberties  of  Englishmen  against 
Parliamentary  usurpation  and  a  subversion  of  the  British  Constitution.  A 
triumph  of  those  liberties  might  have  ended  in  an  emancipation  from  the 
rule  of  the  English  Parliament,  and  a  continued  submission  to  the  scheme 
and  system  of  the  British  monarchy,  with  an  American  Parliament  adjusted 
thereto,  upon  the  true  principles  of  the  English  Constitution.  Whether 
this  new  political  establishment  should  have  maintained  loyalty  to  the 
British  sovereign,  or  should  have  been  organized  under  a  crown  and  throne 
of  its  own,  the  transaction  would,  then,  have  had  no  other  importance  than 
such  as  belongs  to  a  dismemberment  of  existing  empire,  but  with  preserva- 
tion of  existing  institutions.  There  would  have  been,  to  be  sure,  a  "new 
State,"  but  not  "  of  a  new  species,"  and  that  it  was  "  in  a  new  part  of  the 
globe"  would  have  gone  far  to  make  the  dismemberment  but  a  temporary 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  -g 

am*  circumstantial  disturbance  in  the  old  order  of  things.  Indeed,  the  Centennial 
solidity  and  perpetuity  of  that  order  might  have  been  greatly  confirmed  by  Ccremonie», 
this  propagation  of  the  model  of  the  European  monarchies  on  the  bound-  ' 
less  regions  of  this  continent.  It  is  precisely  here  that  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  has  its  immense  importance.  As  a  civil  act,  and  by  the 
people's  decree, — and  not  by  the  achievement  of  the  army,  or  through 
military  motives, — at  the  first  stage  of  the  conflict  it  assigned  a  new  nation- 
ality, with  its  own  institutions,  as  the  civilly  preordained  end  to  be  fought 
for  and  secured.  It  did  not  leave  it  to  be  an  after-fruit  of  triumphant  war, 
shaped  and  measured  by  military  power,  and  conferred  by  the  army  on  the 
people.  This  assured  at  the  outset  the  supremacy  of  civil  over  military 
authority,  the  subordination  of  the  army  to  the  unarmed  people.  This 
deliberative  choice  of  the  scope  and  goal  of  the  Revolution  made  sure  of 
two  things,  which  must  have  been  always  greatly  in  doubt  if  military 
reasons  and  events  had  held  the  mastery  over  the  civil  power.  The  first 
was  that  nothing  less  than  the  independence  of  the  nation,  and  its  separa- 
tion from  the  system  of  Europe,  would  be  attained  if  our  arms  were  pros- 
perous;  and  the  second,  that  the  new  nation  would  always  be  the  mistress 
of  its  own  institutions.  This  might  not  have  been  its  fate  had  a  triumphant 
army  won  the  prize  of  independence,  not  as  a  task  set  for  it  by  the  people, 
and  done  in  its  service,  but  by  its  own  might,  and  held  by  its  own  title, 
and  so  to  be  shaped  and  dealt  with  by  its  own  will. 

There  is  the  best  reason  to  think  that  the  Congress  which  declared  our 
independence  gave  its  chief  solicitude,  not  to  the  hazards  of  military  failure, 
not  to  the  chance  of  miscarriage  in  the  project  of  separation  from  England, 
but  to  the  grave  responsibility  of  the  military  success — of  which  they  made 
no  doubt — and  as  to  what  should  replace,  as  government  to  the  new  nation, 
the  monarchy  of  England,  which  they  considered  as  gone  to  them  forever 
from  the  date  of  the  Declaration.  Nor  did  this  Congress  feel  any  uncer- 
tainty, either  in  disposition  or  expectation,  that  the  natural  and  necessary 
result  would  preclude  the  formation  of  the  new  government  out  of  any  other 
materials  than  such  as  were  to  be  found  in  society  as  established  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic.  These  materials,  they  foresaw,  were  capable  of,  and 
would  tolerate,  only  such  political  establishment  as  would  maintain  and 
perpetuate  the  equality  and  liberty  always  enjoyed  in  the  several  colonial 
communities. 

But  all  these  limitations  upon  what  was  possible  still  left  a  large  range  of 
anxiety  as  to  what  was  probable,  and  might  become  actual.  One  thing  was 
too  essential  to  be  left  uncertain,  and  the  founders  of  this  nation  deter- 
mined that  there  never  should  be  a  moment  when  the  several  communities 
of  the  different  colonies  should  lose  the  character  of  component  parts  of  one 
nation.  By  their  plantation  and  growth  up  to  the  day  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  they  were  subjects  of  one  sovereignty,  bound  together  in 
one  political  connection,  parts  of  one  country,  under  one  constitution,  with 
one  destiny.  Accordingly  the  Declaration,  by  its  very  terms,  made  the 


60  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial       act  of  separation  a  dissolving  by  "one  people"  of  "the  political  bands 
Ceremonies      tjjat  ^ave  connected   them  with  another,"  and   the  proclamation  of  the 

July  4,  1876. 

right  and  of  the  fact  of  independent  nationality  was,  "that  these  United 
Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent  States." 

It  was  thus  that,  at  one  breath,  "  independence  and  union"  were  declared 
and  established.  The  confirmation  of  the  first  by  war,  and  of  the  second  by 
civil  wisdom,  was  but  the  execution  of  the  single  design  which  it  is  the  glory 
of  this  great  instrument  of  our  national  existence  to  have  framed  and  an- 
nounced. The  recognition  of  our  independence,  first  by  France  and  then 
by  Great  Britain,  the  closer  union  by  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  and  the 
final  unity  by  the  Federal  Constitution  were  all  but  muniments  of  title  of 
that  "liberty  and  union,  one  and  inseparable,"  which  were  proclaimed  at 
this  place  and  on  this  day  one  hundred  years  ago,  which  have  been  our 
possession  from  that  moment  hitherto,  and  which  we  surely  avow  shall  be 
our  possession  forever. 

Seven  years  of  revolutionary  war  and  twelve  years  of  consummate  civil 
prudence  brought  us,  in  turn,  to  the  conclusive  peace  of  1783  and  to  the 
perfected  Constitution  of  1787.  Few  chapters  of  the  world's  history  cover- 
ing such  brief  periods  are  crowded  with  so  many  illustrious  names  or  made 
up  of  events  of  so  deep  and  permanent  interest  to  mankind.  I  cannot  stay 
to  recall  to  your  attention  these  characters  or  these  incidents,  or  to  renew 
the  gratitude  and  applause  with  which  we  never  cease  to  contemplate  them. 
It  is  only  their  relation  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence  itself  that  I  need 
to  insist  upon,  and  to  the  new  State  which  it  brought  into  existence.  In 
this  view  these  progressive  processes  were  but  the  articulation  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  State  and  the  adjustment  of  its  circulation  to  the  new  centres 
of  its  vital  power.  These  processes  were  all  implied  and  included  in  this 
political  creation,  and  were  as  necessary  and  as  certain,  if  it  were  not  to 
languish  and  to  die,  as  in  any  natural  creature. 

Within  the  hundred  years  whose  flight  in  our  national  history  we  mark 
to-day  we  have  had  occasion  to  corroborate  by  war  both  the  independence 
and  the  unity  of  the  nation.  In  our  war  against  England  for  neutrality  we 
asserted  and  we  established  the  absolute  right  to  be  free  of  European  en- 
tanglements in  time  of  war  as  well  as  in  time  of  peace,  and  so  completed 
our  independence  of  Europe.  And  by  the  war  of  the  Constitution — a  war 
within  the  nation — the  bonds  of  our  unity  were  tried  and  tested,  as  in  a 
fiery  furnace,  and  proved  to  be  dependent  upon  no  shifting  vicissitudes  of 
acquiescence,  no  partial  dissents  or  discontents,  but,  so  far  as  is  predicable 
of  human  fortunes,  irrevocable,  indestructible,  perpetual,  Casibus  hczc  nullis, 
nullo  delebilis  avo. 

We  may  be  quite  sure  that  the  high  resolve  to  stake  the  future  of  a  great 
people  upon  a  system  of  society  and  of  polity  that  should  dispense  with  the 
dogmas,  the  experience,  the  traditions,  the  habits,  and  the  sentiments  upon 
which  the  firm  and  durable  fabric  of  the  British  Constitution  had  been  built 
up,  was  not  taken  without  a  solicitous  and  competent  survey  of  the  history, 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  6t 

the  condition,  the  temper,  and  the  moral  and  intellectual  traits  of  the  centennial 
people  for  whom  the  decisive  step  was  taken.  Ceremonies, 

It  may,  indeed,  be  suggested  that  the  main  body  of  the  elements,  and  a 
large  share  of  the  arrangements,  of  the  new  government  were  expected  to 
be  upon  the  model  of  the  British  system,  and  that  the  substantial  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty  and  the  institutions  for  their  maintenance  and  defense 
were  already  the  possession  of  the  people  of  England  and  the  birthright  of 
the  colonists.  But  this  consideration  does  not  much  disparage  the  respon- 
sibility assumed  in  discarding  the  correlative  parts  of  the  British  Constitu- 
tion. I  mean  the  Established  Church  and  throne ;  the  permanent  power 
of  a  hereditary  peerage ;  the  confinement  of  popular  representation  to  the 
wealthy  and  educated  classes ;  and  the  ideas  of  all  participation  by  the 
people  in  their  own  government  coming  by  gracious  concession  from  the 
royal  prerogative  and  not  by  inherent  right  in  themselves.  Indeed,  the 
counter-consideration,  so  far  as  the  question  was  to  be  solved  by  experience, 
would  be  a  ready  one.  The  foundation,  and  the  walls,  and  the  roof  of  this 
firm  and  noble  edifice,  it  would  be  said,  are  all  fitly  framed  together  in  the 
substantial  institutions  you  propose  to  omit  from  your  plan  and  model. 
The  convenience  and  safety  and  freedom,  the  pride  and  happiness  which 
the  inmates  of  this  temple  and  fortress  enjoy,  as  the  rights  and  liberties  of 
Englishmen,  are  only  kept  in  place  and  play  because  of  the  firm  structure 
of  these  ancient  strongholds  of  religion  and  law,  which  you  now  desert  and 
refuse  to  build  anew. 

Our  fathers  had  formed  their  opinions  upon  wiser  and  deeper  views  of 
man  and  Providence  than  these,  and  they  had  the  courage  of  their  opinions. 

Tracing  the  progress  of  mankind  in  the  ascending  path  of  civilization, 
enlightenment,  and  moral  and  intellectual  culture,  they  found  that  the 
Divine  ordinance  of  government,  in  every  stage  of  the  ascent,  was  adjust- 
able on  principles  of  common  reason  to  the  actual  condition  of  a  people, 
and  always  had  for  its  objects,  in  the  benevolent  counsels  of  the  Divine 
wisdom,  the  happiness,  the  expansion,  the  security,  the  elevation  of  society, 
and  the  redemption  of  man.  They  sought  in  vain  for  any  title  of  authority 
of  man  over  man,  except  of  superior  capacity  and  higher  morality.  They 
found  the  origin  of  castes  and  ranks,  and  principalities  and  powers,  tem- 
poral or  spiritual,  in  this  conception.  They  recognized  the  people  as  the 
structure,  the  temple,  the  fortress,  which  the  great  Artificer  all  the  while 
cared  for  and  built  up.  As  through  the  long  march  of  time  this  work 
advanced,  the  forms  and  fashions  of  government  seemed  to  them  to  be  but 
the  scaffolding  and  apparatus  by  which  the  development  of  a  people's  great- 
ness was  shaped  and  sustained.  Satisfied  that  the  people  whose  institutions 
were  now  to  be  projected  had  reached  all  that  measure  of  strength  and  fit- 
ness of  preparation  for  self-government  which  old  institutions  could  give, 
they  fearlessly  seized  the  happy  opportunity  to  clothe  the  people  with  the 
majestic  attributes  of  their  own  sovereignty,  and  consecrate  them  to  the 
administration  of  their  own  priesthood. 


62  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial  The  repudiation  by  England  of  the  spiritual  power  of  Rome  at  the  time 

ceremonies,      of  ^Q  Reformation  was  by  every  estimate  a  stupendous  innovation  in  the 

July  4,  1876.  '  J 

rooted  allegiance  of  the  people,  a  profound  disturbance  of  all  adjustments 
of  authority.  But  Henry  VIII.,  when  he  displaced  the  dominion  of  the 
Pope,  proclaimed  himself  the  head  of  the  Church.  The  overthrow  of  the 
ancient  monarchy  of  France  by  the  fierce  triumph  of  an  enraged  people  was 
a  catastrophe  that  shook  the  arrangements  of  society  from  centre  to  circum- 
ference. But  Napoleon,  when  he  pushed  aside  the  royal  line  of  St.  Louis, 
announced,  "I  am  the  people  crowned,"  and  set  up  a  plebeian  emperor  as 
the  impersonation  and  depositary  in  him  and  his  line  forever  of  the  people's 
sovereignty.  The  founders  of  our  Commonwealth  conceived  that  the  people 
of  these  colonies  needed  no  interception  of  the  supreme  control  of  their  own 
affairs,  no  conciliations  of  mere  names  and  images  of  power  from  which  the 
pith  and  vigor  of  authority  had  departed.  They,  therefore,  did  not  hesi- 
tate to  throw  down  the  partitions  of  power  and  right  and  break  up  the 
distributive  shares  in  authority  of  ranks  and  orders  of  men  which,  indeed, 
had  ruled  and  advanced  the  development  of  society  in  civil  and  religious 
liberty,  but  might  well  be  neglected  when  the  protected  growth  was  assured, 
and  all  tutelary  supervision,  for  this  reason,  henceforth  could  only  be  ob- 
structive and  incongruous. 

A  glance  at  the  fate  of  the  English  essay  at  a  commonwealth,  which 
preceded,  and  to  the  French  experiment  at  a  republic,  which  followed  our 
own  institution  "of  a  new  State  of  a  new  species,"  will  show  the  marvelous 
wisdom  of  our  ancestors,  which  struck  the  line  between  too  little  and  too 
much;  which  walked  by  faith  indeed  for  things  invisible,  but  yet  by  sight 
for  things  visible ;  which  dared  to  appropriate  everything  to  the  people 
which  had  belonged  to  Caesar,  but  to  assume  for  mortals  nothing  that 
belonged  to  God. 

No  doubt  it  was  a  deliberation  of  prodigious  difficulty,  and  a  decision  of 
infinite  moment,  which  should  settle  the  new  institutions  of  England  after 
the  execution  of  the  King,  and 'determine  whether  they  should  be  popular 
or  monarchical.  The  problem  was  too  vast  for  Cromwell  and  the  great 
men  who  stood  about  him,  and,  halting  between  the  only  possible  opinions, 
they  simply  robbed  the  throne  of  stability,  without  giving  to  the  people  the 
choice  of  their  rulers.  Had  Cromwell  assumed  the  state  and  style  of  King, 
and  assigned  the  constitutional  limits  of  prerogative,  the  statesmen  of 
England  would  have  anticipated  the  establishment  of  1688,  and  saved  the 
disgraces  of  the  intervening  record.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  ever-recur- 
ring consent  of  the  people  in  vesting  the  chief  magistracy  had  been  accepted 
for  the  Constitution  of  the  State,  the  revolution  would  have  been  intelli- 
gible, and  might  have  proved  permanent.  But  what  a  "Lord  Protector" 
was  nobody  knew,  and  what  he  might  grow  to  be  everybody  wondered  and 
feared.  The  aristocracy  could  endure  no  dignity  above  them  less  than  a 
king's.  The  people  knew  the  measure  and  the  title  of  the  chartered  liber- 
ties which  had  been  wrested  or  yielded  from  the  King's  prerogative ;  but 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  63 

what  the  division  between  them  and  a  Lord  Protector  would  be  no  one  Centennial 
could  forecast.  A  brief  fluttering  between  the  firmament  above  and  the  ?J]r 
firm  earth  beneath,  with  no  poise  with  either,  and  the  discordant  scheme 
was  rolled  away  as  a  scroll.  A  hundred  years  afterward  Montesquieu  de- 
rided "this  impotent  effort  of  the  English  to  establish  a  democracy,"  and 
divined  the  true  cause  of  its  failure.  The  supreme  place,  no  longer  sacred 
by  the  divinity  that  doth  hedge  about  a  king,  irritated  the  ambitions  to 
which  it  was  inaccessible,  except  by  faction  and  violence.  "The  Govern- 
ment was  incessantly  changed,  and  the  astonished  people  sought  for  democ- 
racy and  found  it  nowhere.  After  much  violence  and  many  shocks  and 
blows,  they  were  fain  to  fall  back  upon  the  same  government  they  had 
overthrown." 

The  English  experiment  to  make  a  commonwealth  without  sinking  its 
foundations  into  the  firm  bed  of  popular  sovereignty,  necessarily  failed. 
Its  example  and  its  lesson,  unquestionably,  were  of  the  greatest  service  in 
sobering  the  spirit  of  English  reform  in  government,  to  the  solid  establish- 
ment of  constitutional  monarchy,  on  the  expulsion  of  the  Stuarts,  and  in 
giving  courage  to  the  statesmen  of  the  American  Revolution  to  push  on  to 
the  solid  establishment  of  republican  government,  with  the  consent  of  the 
people  as  its  every-day  working  force. 

But  if  the  English  experiment  stumbled  in  its  logic  by  not  going  far 
enough,  the  French  philosophers  came  to  greater  disaster  by  overpassing 
the  lines  which  mark  the  limits  of  human  authority  and  human  liberty, 
when  they  undertook  to  redress  the  disordered  balance  between  people  and 
rulers,  and  renovate  the  Government  of  France.  To  the  wrath  of  the 
people  against  kings  and  priests  they  gave  free  course,  not  only  to  the 
overthrow  of  the  establishment  of  the  Church  and  State,  but  to  the  destruc- 
tion of  religion  and  society.  They  deified  man,  and  thought  to  raise  a 
tower  of  man's  building,  as  of  old  on  the  plain  of  Shinar,  which  should 
overtop  the  battlements  of  heaven,  and  to  frame  a  constitution  of  human 
affairs  that  should  displace  the  providence  of  God.  A  confusion  of  tongues 
put  an  end  to  this  ambition.  And  now  out  of  all  its  evils  have  come  the 
salutary  checks  and  discipline  in  freedom  which  have  brought  passionate 
and  fervid  France  to  the  scheme  and  frame  of  a  sober  and  firm  republic 
like  our  own,  and,  we  may  hope,  as  durable. 

How  much,  then,  hung  upon  the  decision  of  the  great  day  we  celebrate, 
and  upon  the  wisdom  and  the  will  of  the  men  who  fixed  the  immediate, 
and  if  so,  the  present  fortunes  of  this  people.  If  the  body,  the  spirit,  the 
texture  of  our  political  life  had  not  been  collectively  declared  on  this  day, 
who  can  be  bold  enough  to  say  when  and  how  independence,  liberty,  union 
would  have  been  combined,  confirmed,  assured  to  this  people?  Behold, 
now,  the  greatness  of  our  debt  to  this  ancestry,  and  the  fountain,  as  from 
a  rock  smitten  in  the  wilderness,  from  which  the  stream  of  this  nation's 
growth  and  power  takes  its  source.  For  it  is  not  alone  in  the  memory  of 
their  wisdom  and  virtues  that  the  founders  of  a  State  transmit  and  perpetu- 


64  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial       ate  their  influences  in  its  lasting  fortunes,  and  shape  the  character  and  pur- 
Ceremonies,      poses  of  its  future  rulers.      "In  the  birth  of  societies,"  says  Montesquieu, 
"it  is  the  chiefs  of  a  State  that  make  its  institutions;  and  afterward  it  is 
these  institutions  that  form  the  chiefs  of  the  State." 

And  what  was  this  people,  and  what  their  traits  and  training  that  could 
justify  this  congress  of  their  great  men  in  promulgating  the  profound  views 
of  government  and  human  nature  which  the  Declaration  embodies  and 
expecting  their  acceptance  as  "self-evident"?  How  had  their  lives  been 
disciplined  and  how  their  spirits  prepared  that  the  new-launched  ship, 
freighted  with  all  their  fortunes,  could  be  trusted  to  their  guidance  with  no 
other  chart  or  compass  than  these  abstract  truths?  What  warrant  was 
there  for  the  confidence  that  upon  these  plain  precepts  of  equality  of  right, 
community  of  interest,  reciprocity  of  duty,  a  polity  could  be  framed  which 
might  safely  discard  Egyptian  mystery,  and  Hebrew  reverence,  and  Grecian 
subtlety,  and  Roman  strength, — dispense,  even,  with  English  traditions  of 

"  Primogenity  and  due  of  birth, 


Prerogative  of  age,  crowns,  sceptres,  laurels." 

To  these  questions  the  answer  was  ready  and  sufficient.  The  delegates 
to  this  immortal  assembly,  speaking  for  the  whole  country  and  for  the 
respective  colonies,  their  constituents,  might  well  say : 

"  What  we  are,  such  are  this  people.  We  are  not  here  as  volunteers, 
but  as  their  representatives.  We  have  been  designated  by  no  previous  of- 
ficial station,  taken  from  no  one  employment  or  condition  of  life,  but  chosen 
from  the  people  at  large  because  they  cannot  assemble  in  person,  and  se- 
lected because  they  know  our  sentiments,  and  we  theirs,  on  the  momentous 
question  which  our  deliberations  are  to  decide.  They  know  that  the  result 
of  all  hangs  on  the  intelligence,  the  courage,  the  constancy,  the  spirit  of 
the  people  themselves.  If  these  have  risen  to  a  height,  and  grown  to  a 
strength  and  unanimity  that  our  judgment  measures  as  adequate  to  the 
struggle  for  independence  and  the  whole  sum  of  their  liberties,  they  will 
accept  that  issue  and  follow  that  lead-.  They  have  taken  up  arms  to 
maintain  their  rights,  and  will  not  lay  them  down  till  those  rights  are 
assured.  What  the  nature  and  sanctions  of  this  security  are  to  be  they 
understand  must  be  determined  by  united  counsels  and  concerted  action. 
These  they  have  deputed  us  to  settle  and  proclaim,  and  this  we  have  done 
to-day.  What  we  have  declared,  the  people  will  avow  and  confirm. 
Henceforth  it  is  to  this  people  a  war  for  the  defense  of  their  united  inde- 
pendence against  its  overthrow  by  foreign  arms.  Of  that  war  there  can  be 
but  one  issue.  And  for  the  rest,  as  to  the  Constitution  of  the  new  State, 
its  species  is  disclosed  by  its  existence.  The  condition  of  the  people  is 
equal,  they  have  the  habits  of  freemen  and  possess  the  institutions  of 
liberty.  When  the  political  connection  with  the  parent  State  is  dissolved 
they  will  be  self-governing  and  self-governed  of  necessity.  As  all  govern- 
ments in  this  world,  good  and  bad,  liberal  or  despotic,  are  of  men,  by  men, 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT.  65 

and  for  men,  this  new  State,  having  no  castes  or  ranks,  or  degrees  discrimi-  Centennial 
nating  among  men  in  its  population,  becomes  at  once  a  government  of  the  c"' 
people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  people.     So  it  must  remain,  unless  foreign 
conquest  or  domestic  usurpation  shall  change  it.     Whether  it  shall  be  a  just, 
wise,  or  prosperous  government,  it  must  be  a  popular  government,  and 
correspond  with  the  wisdom,  justice,  and  fortunes  of  the  people." 

And  so  this  people,  of  various  roots  and  kindred  of  the  Old  World — 
settled  and  transfused  in  their  cisatlantic  home  into  harmonious  fellowship 
in  the  sentiments,  the  interests,  the  habits,  the  affections  which  develop  and 
sustain  a  love  of  country — were  committed  to  the  common  fortunes  which 
should  attend  an  absolute  trust  in  the  primary  relations  between  man  and 
his  fellows  and  between  man  and  his  Maker.  This  Northern  Continent  of 
America  had  been  opened  and  prepared  for  the  transplantation  of  the  full- 
grown  manhood  of  the  highest  civilization  of  the  Old  World  to  a  place 
where  it  could  be  free  from  mixture  or  collision  with  competing  or  hostile 
elements,  and  separated  from  the  weakness  and  the  burdens  which  it  would 
leave  behind.  The  impulses  and  attractions  which  moved  the  emigration 
and  directed  it  hither,  various  in  form,  yet  had  so  much  a  common  char- 
acter as  to  merit  the  description  of  being  public,  elevated,  moral,  or  re- 
ligious. They  included  the  desire  of  new  and  better  opportunities  for 
institutions  consonant  with  the  dignity  of  human  nature  and  with  the 
immortal  and  infinite  relations  of  the  race.  In  the  language  of  the  times, 
the  search  for  civil  and  religious  liberty  animated  the  Pilgrims,  the  Puritans, 
and  the  Churchmen  ;  the  Presbyterians,  the  Catholics,  and  the  Quakers ; 
the  Huguenots,  the  Dutch,  and  the  Walloons ;  the  Waldenses,  the 
Germans,  and  the  Swedes,  in  their  several  migrations  which  made  up  the 
colonial  population.  Their  experience  and  fortunes  here  had  done  nothing 
to  reduce,  everything  to  confirm,  the  views  and  traits  which  brought  them 
hither.  To  sever  all  political  relations,  then,  with  Europe,  seemed  to  these 
people  but  the  realization  of  the  purposes  which  had  led  them  across  the 
ocean, — but  the  one  thing  needful  to  complete  this  continent  for  their  home, 
and  to  give  the  absolute  assurance  of  that  higher  life  which  they  wished  to 
lead.  The  preparation  of  the  past  and  the  enthusiasms  of  the  future  con- 
spired to  favor  the  project  of  self-government  and  invest  it  with  a  moral 
grandeur  which  furnished  the  best  omens  and  the  best  guarantees  for  its 
prosperity.  Instead  of  a  capricious  and  giddy  exaltation  of  spirit,  as  at 
new-gained  liberty,  a  sober  and  solemn  sense  of  the  larger  trust  and  duty 
took  possession  of  their  souls  ;  as  if  the  Great  Master  had  found  them 
faithful  over  a  few  things,  and  had  now  made  them  rulers  over  many. 

These  feelings,  common  to  the  whole  population,  were  not  of  sudden 
origin  and  were  not  romantic,  nor  had  they  any  tendency  to  evaporate  in 
noisy  boasts  or  to  run  wild  in  air-drawn  projects.  The  difference  between 
equality  and  privilege,  between  civil  rights  and  capricious  .favors,  between 
freedom  of  conscience  and  persecution  for  conscience'  sake,  were  not 
matters  of  moot  debate  or  abstract  conviction  with  our  countrymen.  The 

9 


66  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial  story  of  these  battles  of  our  race  was  the  warm  and  living  memory  of  their 
j»|rem0"s-6'  f°refatners>  share  in  them,  for  which,  "to  avoid  insufferable  grievances  at 
home,  they  had  been  enforced  by  heaps  to  leave  their  native  countries." 
They  proposed  to  settle  forever  the  question  whether  such  grievances  should 
possibly  befall  them  or  their  posterity.  They  knew  no  plan  so  simple,  so 
comprehensive,  or  so  sure  to  this  end  as  to  solve  all  the  minor  difficulties 
in  the  government  of  society  by  a  radical  basis  for  its  source,  a  common 
field  for  its  operation,  and  an  authentic  and  deliberate  method  for  consult- 
ing and  enforcing  the  will  of  the  people  as  the  sole  authority  of  the  State. 
By  this  wisdom  they  at  least  would  shift,  within  the  sphere  of  govern- 
ment, the  continuous  warfare  of  human  nature,  on  the  field  of  good  and 
evil,  right  and  wrong, 

"  Between  whose  endless  jar  justice  resides," 

from  conflicts  of  the  strength  of  the  many  against  the  craft  of  the  few. 
They  would  gain  the  advantage  of  supplying  as  the  reason  of  the  State, 
the  reason  of  the  people,  and  decide  by  the  moral  and  intellectual  in- 
fluences of  instruction  and  persuasion,  the  issue  of  who  should  make  and 
who  administer  the  laws.  This  involved  no  pretensions  of  the  perfection 
of  human  nature,  nor  clid  it  assume  that  at  other  times,  or  under  other 
circumstances,  they  would  themselves  have  been  capable  of  self-govern- 
ment ;  or,  that  other  people  then  were,  or  ever  would  be,  so  capable. 
Their  knowledge  of  mankind  showed  them  that  there  would  be  faults  and 
crimes  as  long  as  there  were  men.  Their  faith  taught  them  that  this  cor- 
ruptible would  put  on  incorruption  only  when  this  mortal  should  put  on 
immortality.  Nevertheless,  they  believed  in  man  and  trusted  in  God,  and 
on  these  imperishable  supports  they  thought  they  might  rest  civil  govern- 
ment for  a  people  who  had  these  living  conceptions  wrought  into  their  own 
characters  and  lives. 

The  past  and  the  present  are  the  only  means  by  which  man  foresees  or 
shapes  the  future.  Upon  the  evidence  of  the  past,  the  contemplation  of 
the  present  of  this  people,  our  statesmen  were  willing  to  commence  a 
system  which  must  continually  draw,  for  its  sustenance  and  growth,  upon 
the  virtue  and  vigor  of  the  people.  From  this  virtue  and  this  vigor  it  can 
alone  be  nourished ;  it  must  decline  in  their  decline  and  rot  in  their  decay. 
They  traced  this  vigor  and  virtue  to  inexhaustible  springs.  And,  as  the 
unspent  heat  of  a  lava  soil,  quickened  by  the  returning  summers,  through 
the  vintages  of  a  thousand  years,  will  still  glow  in  the  grape  and  sparkle  in 
the  wine,  so  will  the  exuberant  forces  of  a  race  supply  an  unstinted  vigor  to 
mark  the  virtues  of  immense  populations  and  to  the  remotest  generations. 

To  the  frivolous  philosophy  of  human  life  which  makes  all  the  world  a 
puppet-show,  and  history  a  book  of  anecdotes,  the  moral  warfare  which 
fills  up  the  life  of  man  and  the  record  of  his  race  seems  as  unreal  and  as 
aimless  as  the  conflicts  of  the  glittering  hosts  upon  an  airy  field,  whose 
display  lights  up  the  fleeting  splendors  of  a  northern  night.  But  free 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  6 

government  for  a  great  people  never  comes  from  or  gets  aid  from  such  Centennial 
philosophers.     To  a  true  spiritual  discernment  there  are  few  things  more  j^1 
real,  few  things  more  substantial,  few  things  more  likely  to  endure  in  this 
world,  than  human  thoughts,  human  passions,  human  interests,  thus  molten 
into  the  frame  and  model  of  our  State.     "  O}  morem  pr&claram,  disciplin- 
amque,  quam  a  majoribus  accepimus,  si  quidem  teneremus  /' ' 

1  have  made  no  account,  as  unsuitable  to  the  occasion,  of  the  distribution 
of  the  national  power  between  the  General  and  the  State  governments,  or 
of  the  special  arrangements  of  executive  authority,  of  legislatures,  courts, 
and  magistracies,  whether  of  the  General  or  of  the  State  establishments. 
Collectively  they  form  the  body  and  the  frame  of  a  complete  government 
for  a  great,  opulent,  and  powerful  people,  occupying  vast  regions,  and  em- 
bracing in  their  possessions  a  wide  range  of  diversity  of  climate,  of  soil,  and 
of  all  the  circumstantial  influences  of  external  nature.  I  have  pointed  your 
attention  to  the  principle  and  the  spirit  of  the  government  for  which  all  this 
frame  and  body  exists,  to  which  they  are  subservient,  and  to  whose  mastery 
they  must  conform.  The  life  of  the  natural  body  is  the  blood,  and  the 
circulation  of  the  moral  and  intellectual  forces  and  impulses  of  the  body 
politic  shapes  and  moulds  the  national  life.  I  have  touched,  therefore,  upon 
the  traits  that  determined  this  national  life,  as  to  be  of,  from,  and  for  the 
people,  and  not  of,  from,  or  for  any  rank,  grade,  part,  or  section  of  them. 
In  these  traits  are  found  the  "ordinances,  constitutions,  and  customs,"  by 
a  wise  choice  of  which  the  founders  of  States  may,  Lord  Bacon  says,  "sow 
greatness  to  their  posterity  and  succession." 

And  now,  after  a  century  of  growth,  of  trial,  of  experience,  of  observa- 
tion, and  of  demonstration,  we  are  met,  on  the  spot  and  on  the  date  of  the 
great  Declaration,  to  compare  our  age  with  that  of  our  fathers,  our  structure 
with  their  foundation,  our  intervening  history  and  present  condition  with 
their  faith  and  prophecy.  That  "respect  to  the  opinion  of  mankind,"  in 
attention  to  which  our  statesmen  framed  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
we,  too,  acknowledge  as  a  sentiment  most  fit  to  influence  us  in  our  com- 
memorative gratulations  to-day. 

To  this  opinion  of  mankind,  then,  how  shall  we  answer  the  questioning 
of  this  day?  How  have  the  vigor  and  success  of  the  century's  warfare 
comported  with  the  sounding  phrase  of  the  great  manifesto?  Has  the  new 
nation  been  able  to  hold  its  territory  on  the  eastern  rim  of  the  continent, 
or  has  covetous  Europe  driven  in  its  boundaries,  or  internal  dissensions 
dismembered  its  integrity?  Have  its  numbers  kept  pace  with  natural  in- 
crease, or  have  the  mother-countries  received  back  to  the  shelter  of  firmer 
institutions  the  repentant  tide  of  emigration  ?  or  have  the  woes  of  unstable 
society  distressed  and  reduced  the  shrunken  population  ?  Has  the  free 
suffrage,  as  a  quicksand,  loosened  the  foundations  of  power  and  undermined 
the  pillars  of  the  State  ?  Has  the  free  press,  with  illimitable  sweep,  blown 
.down  the  props  and  buttresses  of  order  and  authority  in  government,  driven 
before  its  wind  the  barriers  which  fence  in  society,  and  unroofed  the  homes 


68 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Centennial 
Ceremonies, 
July  4,  1876. 


which  once  were  castles  against  the  intrusion  of  a  King  ?  Has  freedom  in 
religion  ended  in  freedom  from  religion?  and  independence  bylaw  run 
into  independence  of  law?  Have  free  schools,  by  too  much  learning,  made 
the  people  mad?  Have  manners  declined,  letters  languished,  art  faded, 
wealth  decayed,  public  spirit  withered  ?  Have  other  nations  shunned  the 
evil  example,  and  held  aloof  from  its  infection?  Or  have  reflection  and 
hard  fortune  dispelled  the  illusion  under  which  this  people  "  burned  incense 
to  vanity,  and  stumbled  in  their  ways  from  the  ancient  paths"  ?  Have  they, 
fleeing  from  the  double  destruction  which  attends  folly  and  arrogance,  re- 
stored the  throne,  rebuilt  the  altar,  relaid  the  foundations  of  society,  and 
again  taken  shelter  in  the  old  protections  against  the  perils,  shocks,  and 
changes  in  human  affairs,  which 

"  Divert  and  crack,  rend  and  deracinate 
The  unity  and  married  calm  of  States 
Quite  from  their  fixture  ?" 

Who  can  recount  in  an  hour  what  has  been  done  in  a  century  on  so  wide 
a  field  and  in  all  its  multitudinous  aspects?  Yet  I  may  not  avoid  insisting 
upon  some  decisive  lineaments  of  the  material,  social,  and  political  devel- 
opment of  our  country  which  the  record  of  the  hundred  years  displays,  and 
thus  present  to  "the  opinion  of  mankind,"  for  its  generous  judgment,  our 
nation  as  it  is  to-day, — our  land,  our  people,  and  our  laws. 

And,  first,  we  notice  the  wide  territory  to  which  we  have  steadily  pushed 
on  our  limits.  Lines  of  climate  mark  our  boundaries  north  and  south,  and 
two  oceans  east  and  west.  The  space  between,  speaking  by  and  large, 
covers  the  whole  temperate  zone  of  the  continent,  and  in  area  measures 
near  tenfold  the  possessions  of  the  thirteen  colonies ;  the  natural  features, 
the  climate,  the  productions,  the  influences  of  the  outward  world,  are  all 
implied  in  the  immensity  of  this  domain,  for  they  embrace  all  that  the 
goodness  and  the  power  of  God  have  planned  for  so  large  a  share  of  the 
habitable  globe.  The  steps  of  the  successive  acquisitions,  the  impulses 
which  assisted,  and  the  motives  which  retarded  the  expansion  of  our  terri- 
tory; the  play  of  the  competing  elements  in  our  civilization  and  their  in- 
cessant struggle  each  to  outrun  the  other;  the  irrepressible  conflict  thus 
nursed  in  the  bosom  of  the  State;  the  lesson  in  humility  and  patience,  "in 
charity  for  all  and  malice  toward  none,"  which  the  study  of  the  manifest 
designs  of  Providence  so  plainly  teach  us, — these  may  well  detain  us  for  a 
moment's  illustration. 

And  this  calls  attention  to  that  ingredient  in  the  population  of  this 
country  which  came,  not  from  the  culminated  pride  of  Europe,  but  from 
the  abject  despondency  of  Africa.  A  race  discriminated  from  all  the  con- 
verging streams  of  immigration  which  I  have  named  by  ineffaceable  distinc- 
tions of  nature ;  which  was  brought  hither  by  a  forced  migration  and  into 
slavery,  while  all  others  came  by  choice  and  for  greater  liberty ;  a  race  un- 
represented in  the  Congress  which  issued  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 


69 


but  now,  in  the  persons  of  four  million  of  our  countrymen  raised,  by  the  Centennial 
power  of  the  great  truths  then  declared,  as  it  were  from  the  dead,  and  Cer*m°ni«. 
rejoicing  in  one  country  and  the  same  constituted  liberties  with  ourselves. 

In  August,  1620,  a  Dutch  slave-ship  landed  her  freight  in  Virginia,  com- 
pleting her  voyage  soon  after  that  of  the  "  Mayflower"  commenced.  Both 
ships  were  on  the  ocean  at  the  same  time,  both  sought  our  shores,  and 
planted  their  seeds  of  liberty  and  slavery  to  grow  together  on  this  chosen 
field  until  the  harvest.  Until  the  separation  from  England  the  several 
colonies  attracted  each  their  own  emigration,  and  from  the  sparseness  of 
the  population,  both  in  the  Northern  and  Southern  colonies,  and  the  policy 
of  England  in  introducing  African  slavery,  wherever  it  might,  in  all  of 
them,  the  institution  of  slavery  did  not  raise  a  definite  and  firm  line  of  di- 
vision between  the  tides  of  population  which  set  in  upon  New  England  and 
Virginia  from  the  Old  World,  and  from  them  later,  as  from  new  points  of 
departure,  were  diffused  over  the  continent.  The  material  interests  of 
slavery  had  not  become  very  strong,  and  in  its  moral  aspects  no  sharp 
division  of  sentiment  had  yet  shown  itself.  But  when  unity  and  independ- 
ence of  government  were  accepted  by  the  colonies,  we  shall  look  in  vain 
for  any  adequate  barrier  against  the  natural  attraction  of  the  softer  climate 
and  rich  productions  of  the  South,  which  could  keep  the  Northern  popula- 
tion in  their  harder  climate  and  on  their  less  grateful  soil,  except  the  repug- 
nancy of  the  two  systems  of  free  and  slave  labor  to  commixture.  Out  of 
this  grew  the  impatient,  and  apparently  premature,  invasion  of  the  Western 
wilds,  pushing  constantly  onward,  in  parallel  lines,  the  outposts  of  the  two 
rival  interests.  What  greater  enterprise  did  for  the  Northern  people  in 
stimulating  this  movement  was  more  than  supplied  to  the  Southern  by  the 
pressing  necessity  for  new  lands,  which  the  requirements  of  the  system  of 
slave  cultivation  imposed.  Under  the  operatio'n  of  these  causes  the  polit- 
ical divisions  of  the  country  built  up  a  wall  of  partition  running  east  and 
west,  with  the  novel  consequences  of  the  "Border  States"  of  the  country 
being  ranged,  not  on  our  foreign  boundaries,  but  on  this  middle  line,  drawn 
between  the  free  and  slav^  States.  The  successive  acquisitions  of  terri- 
tory by  the  Louisiana  purchase,  by  the  annexation  of  Texas,  and  by  the 
treaty  with  Mexico,  were  all  in  the  interest  of  the  Southern  policy,  and,  as 
such,  all  suspected  or  resisted  by  the  rival  interest  in  the  North.  On  the 
other  hand,  all  schemes  or  tendencies  toward  the  enlargement  of  our  terri- 
tory on  the  north  were  discouraged  and  defeated  by  the  South.  At  length, 
with  the  immense  influx  of  foreign  immigration,  reinforcing  the  flow  of 
population,  the  streams  of  free  labor  shot  across  the  continent.  The  end 
was  reached.  The  bounds  of  our  habitation  were  secured.  The  Pacific 
possessions  became  ours,  and  the  discovered  gold  rapidly  peopled  them 
from  the  hives  of  free  labor.  The  rival  energies  and  ambitions  which  had 
fed  the  thirst  for  territory  had  served  their  purpose  in  completing  and  assur- 
ing the  domain  of  the  nation.  The  partition-wall  of  slavery  was  thrown 
down ;  the  line  of  Border  States  obliterated  ;  those  who  had  battled  for 


70  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial  territory,  as  an  extension  and  perpetuation  of  slavery,  and  those  who  fought 
against  its  enlargement,  as  a  disparagement  and  a  danger  to  liberty,  were 
alike  confounded. 

Those  who  feared  undue  and  precipitate  expansion  of  our  possessions,  as 
loosening  the  ties  of  union,  and  those  who  desired  it,  as  a  step  toward 
dissolution,  have  suffered  a  common  discomfiture.  The  immense  social 
and  political  forces  which  the  existence  of  slavery  in  this  country,  and  the 
invincible  repugnance  to  it  of  the  vital  principles  of  our  State,  together, 
generated,  have  had  their  play  upon  the  passions  and  the  interests  of  this 
people,  have  formed  the  basis  of  parties,  divided  sects,  agitated  and  invig- 
orated the  popular  mind,  inspired  the  eloquence,  inflamed  the  zeal,  informed 
the  understandings,  and  fired  the  hearts  of  three  generations.  At  last  the 
dread  debate  escaped  all  bounds  of  reason,  and  the  nation  in  arms  solved, 
by  the  appeal  of  war,  what  was  too  hard  for  civil  wisdom.  With  our  terri- 
tory un mutilated,  our  Constitution  uncorrupted,  a  united  people,  in  the 
last  years  of  the  century,  crowns  with  new  glory  the  immortal  truths  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  by  the  emancipation  of  a  race. 

I  find,  then,  in  the  method  and  the  results  of  the  century's  progress  of 
the  nation  in  this  amplification  of  its  domain,  sure  promise  of  the  duration 
of  the  body  politic,  whose  growth  to  these  vast  proportions  has,  as  yet,  but 
laid  out  the  ground-plan  of  the  structure.  For  I  find  the  vital  forces  of  the 
free  society  and  the  people's  government,  here  founded,  have  by  their  own 
vigor  made  this  a  natural  growth.  Strength  and  symmetry  have  knit  to- 
gether the  great  frame  as  its  bulk  increased,  and  the  spirit  of  the  nation 
animates  the  whole : 

"  totamque,  infusa  per  artus, 

Mens  agitat  molem,  et  magno  se  corpora  miscet." 

We  turn  now  from  the  survey  of  this  vast  territory,  which  the  closing 
century  has  consolidated  and  confirmed  as  the  ample  home  for  a  nation,  to 
exhibit  the  greatness  in  numbers,  the  spirit,  the  character,  the  port  and  mien 
of  the  people  that  dwell  in  this  secure  habitation.  That  in  these  years  our 
population  has  steadily  advanced,  till  it  counts  forty  millions,  instead  of 
three  millions,  bears  witness,  not  to  be  disparaged  or  gainsaid,  to  the  general 
congruity  of  our  social  and  civil  institutions  with  the  happiness  and  pros- 
perity of  man.  But  if  we  consider  further  the  variety  and  magnitude  of 
foreign  elements  to  which  we  have  been  hospitable,  and  their  ready  fusion 
with  the  earlier  stocks,  we  have  new  evidence  of  strength  and  vivid  force 
in  our  population,  which  we  may  not  refuse  to  admire.  The  disposition 
and  capacity  thus  shown  give  warrant  of  a  powerful  society.  "All  nations," 
says  Lord  Bacon,  "  that  are  liberal  of  naturalization  are  fit  for  empire." 

Wealth  in  its  mass,  and  still  more  in  its  tenure  and  diffusion,  is  a  measure 
of  the  condition  of  a  people  which  touches  both  its  energy  and  morality. 
Wealth  has  no  source  but  labor.  "  Life  has  given  nothing  valuable  to  man 
without  great  labor."  This  is  as  true  now  as  when  Horace  wrote  it.  The 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT.  ji 

prodigious  growth  of  wealth  in  this  country  is  not  only,  therefore,  a  signal  Centennial 
mark  of  prosperity,  but  proves  industry,  persistency,  thrift  as  the  habits  of  C^cm° 
the  people.  Accumulation  of  wealth,  too,  requires  and  imports  security, 
as  well  as  unfettered  activity ;  and  thus  it  is  a  fair  criterion  of  sobriety  and 
justice  in  a  people,  certainly,  when  the  laws  and  their  execution  rest  wholly 
in  their  hands.  A  careless  observation  of  the  crimes  and  frauds  which 
attack  property,  in  the  actual  condition  of  our  society,  and  the  imperfec- 
tion of  our  means  for  their  prevention  and  redress,  leads  sometimes  to  an 
unfavorable  comparison  between  the  present  and  the  past  in  this  country, 
as  respects  the  probity  of  the  people.  No  doubt  covetousness  has  not 
ceased  in  the  world,  and  thieves  still  break  through  and  steal.  But  the 
better  test  upon  this  point  is  the  vast  profusion  of  our  wealth  and  the 
infinite  trust  shown  by  the  manner  in  which  it  is  invested.  It  is  not  too 
much  to  say  that  in  our  times,  and  conspicuously  in  our  country,  a  large 
share  of  every  man's  property  is  in  other  men's  keeping  and  management, 
unwatched  and  beyond  personal  control.  This  confidence  of  man  in  man 
is  ever  increasing,  measured  by  our  practical  conduct,  and  refutes  these 
disparagements  of  the  general  morality. 

Knowledge,  intellectual  activity,  the  mastery  of  nature,  the  discipline  of 
life — all  that  makes  up  the  education  of  a  people — are  developed  and  dif- 
fused through  the  masses  of  our  population,  in  so  ample  and  generous  a 
distribution  as  to  make  this  the  conspicuous  trait  in  our  national  character, 
as  the  faithful  provision  and  extension  of  the  means  and  opportunities  of 
this  education  are  the  cherished  institution  of  the  country.  Learning, 
literature,  science,  art,  are  cultivated,  in  their  widest  range  and  highest 
reach,  by  a  larger  and  larger  number  of  our  people,  not,  to  their  praise  be 
it  said,  as  a  personal  distinction  or  a  selfish  possession,  but,  mainly,  as 
a  generous  leaven,  to  quicken  and  expand  the  healthful  fermentation  of 
the  general  mind,  and  lift  the  level  of  popular  instruction.  So  far  from 
breeding  a  distempered  spirit  in  the  people,  this  becomes  the  main  prop  of 
authority,  the  great  instinct  of  obedience.  "It  is  by  education,"  says 
Aristotle,  "I  have  learned  to  do  by  choice  what  other  men  do  by  constraint 
of  fear." 

The  "breed  and  disposition"  of  a  people,  in  regard  of  courage,  public 
spirit,  and  patriotism,  are,  however,  the  test  of  the  working  of  their  insti- 
tutions, which  the  world  most  values,  and  upon  which  the  public  safety 
most  depends.  It  has  been  made  a  reproach  of  democratic  arrangements 
of  society  and  'government  that  the  sentiment  of  honor,  and  of  pride  in 
public  duty,  decayed  in  them.  It  has  been  professed  that  the  fluctuating 
currents  and  the  trivial  perturbations  of  their  public  life  discouraged  strenu- 
ous endeavor  and  lasting  devotion  in  the  public  service.  It  has  been 
charged  that,  as  a  consequence,  the  distinct  service  of  the  State  suffered, 
office  and  magistracy  were  belittled,  social  sympathies  cooled,  love  of 
country  drooped,  and  selfish  affections  absorbed  the  powers  of  the  citizens, 
and  ate  into  the  heart  of  the  commonwealth. 


j2  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial  The  experience  of  our  country  rejects  these  speculations  as  misplaced 

Ceremonies,  anc|  tjiese  fears  as  illusory.  They  belong  to  a  condition  of  society  above 
which  we  have  long  since  been  lifted,  and  toward  which  the  very  scheme 
of  our  national  life  prohibits  a  decline.  They  are  drawn  from  the  examples 
of  history,  which  lodged  power  formally  in  the  people,  but  left  them  igno- 
rant and  abject,  unfurnished  with  the  means  of  exercising  it  in  their  own 
right  and  for  their  own  benefit.  In  a  democracy  wielded  by  the  arts,  and 
to  the  ends  of  a  patrician  class,  the  less  worthy  members  of  that  class,  no 
doubt,  throve  by  the  disdain  which  noble  characters  must  always  feel  for 
methods  of  deception  and  insincerity,  and  crowded  them  from  the  authentic 
service  of  the  State.  But,  through  the  period  whose  ye'ars  we  count  to-day, 
the  greatest  lesson  of  all  is  the  preponderance  of  public  over  private,  of 
social  over  selfish,  tendencies  and  purposes  in  the  whole  body  of  the  people, 
and  the  persistent  fidelity  to  the  genius  and  spirit  of  popular  institutions, 
of  the  educated  classes,  the  liberal  professions,  and  the  great  men  of  the 
country.  These  qualities  transfuse  and  blend  the  hues  and  virtues  of  the 
manifold  rays  of  advanced  civilization  into  a  sunlight  of  public  spirit  and 
fervid  patriotism,  which  warms  and  irradiates  the  life  of  the  nation.  Excess 
of  publicity  as  the  animating  spirit  and  stimulus  of  society  more  probably 
than  its  lack  will  excite  our  solicitudes  in  the  future.  Even  the,  public 
discontents  take  on  this  color,  and  the  mind  and  heart  of  the  whole  people 
ache  with  anxieties  and  throb  with  griefs  which  have  no  meaner  scope  than 
the  honor  and  the  safety  of  the  nation. 

Our  estimate  of  the  condition  of  this  people  at  the  close  of  the  century — 
as  bearing  on  the  value  and  efficiency  of  the  principles  on  which  the  gov- 
ernment was  founded,  in  maintaining  and  securing  the  permanent  well-being 
of  a  nation — would,  indeed,  be  incomplete  if  we  failed  to  measure  the 
power  and  purity  of  the  religious  elements  which  pervade  and  elevate  our 
society.  One  might  as  well  expect  our  land  to  keep  its  climate,  its  fertility, 
its  salubrity,  and  its  beauty  were  the  globe  loosened  from  the  law  which 
holds  it  in  an  orbit,  where  we  feel  the  tempered  radiance  of  the  sun,  as  to 
count  upon  the  preservation  of  the  delights  and  glories  of  liberty  for  a 
people  cast  loose  from  religion,  whereby  man  is  bound  in  harmony  with 
the  moral  government  of  the  world. 

It  is  quite  certain  that  the  present  day  shows  no  such  solemn  absorption 
in  the  exalted  themes  of  contemplative  piety  as  marked  the  prevalent 
thought  of  the  people  a  hundred  years  ago ;  nor  so  hopeful  an  enthusiasm 
for  the  speedy  renovation  of  the  world  as  burst  upon  us  in  the  marvelous 
and  wide  system  of  vehement  religious  zeal,  and  practical  good  works,  in 
the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century.  But  these  fires  are  less  splendid 
only  because  they  are  more  potent,  and  diffuse  their  heat  in  well-formed 
habits  and  manifold  agencies  of  beneficent  activity.  They  traverse  and 
permeate  society  in  every  direction.  They  travel  with  the  outposts  of 
civilization  and  outrun  the  caucus,  the  convention,  and  the  suffrage. 

The  Church,  throughout  this  land,  upheld  by  no  political  establishment, 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 


73 


rests  all  the  -firmer  on  the  rock  on  which  its  founder  built  it.     The  great  centennial 


mass  of  our  countrymen  to-day  find  in  the  Bible  —  the  Bible  in  their  worship, 
the  Bible  in  their  schools,  the  Bible  in  their  households  —  the  sufficient 
lessons  of  the  fear  of  God  and  the  love  of  man,  which  make  them  obedient 
servants  to  the  free  Constitution  of  their  country,  in  all  civil  duties,  and 
ready  with  their  lives  to  sustain  it  on  the  fields  of  war.  And  now  at  the 
end  of  a  hundred  years  the  Christian  faith  collects  its  worshipers  throughout 
our  land,  as  at  the  beginning.  Whatr  half  a  century  ago,  was  hopefully 
prophesied  for  our  far  future,  goes  on  to  its  fulfillment  :  "  As  the  sun  rises 
on  a  Sabbath  morning  and  travels  westward  from  Newfoundland  to  the 
Oregon,  he  will  behold  the  countless  millions  assembling,  as  if  by  a  common 
impulse,  in  the  temples  with  which  every  valley,  mountain,  and  plain  will 
be  adorned.  The  morning  psalm  and  the  evening  anthem  will  commence 
with  the  multitudes  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  be  sustained  by  the  loud  chorus 
of  ten  thousand  times  ten  thousand  in  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
be  prolonged  by  the  thousands  of  thousands  on  the  shores  of  the  Pacific." 

What  remains  but  to  search  the  spirit  of  the  laws  of  the  land  as  framed 
by  and  modeled  to  the  popular  government  to  which  our  fortunes  were 
committed  by  the  Declaration  of  Independence?  I  do  not  mean  to  ex- 
amine the  particular  legislation,  State  or  general,  by  which  the  affairs  of 
the  people  have  been  managed,  sometimes  wisely  and  well,  at  others  feebly 
and  ill,  nor  even  the  fundamental  arrangement  of  political  authority,  or 
the  critical  treatment  of  great  junctures  in  our  policy  and  history.  The 
hour  and  the  occasion  concur  to  preclude  so  intimate  an  inquiry.  The 
chief  concern  in  this  regard,  to  us  and  to  the  rest  of  the  world,  is  whether 
the  proud  trust,  the  profound  radicalism,  the  wide  benevolence  which  spoke 
in  the  "  Declaration,"  and  were  infused  into  the  "  Constitution,"  at  the  first, 
have  been  in  good  faith  adhered  to  by  the  people,  and  whether  now  these 
principles  supply  the  living  forces  which  sustain  and  direct  government  and 
society. 

He  who  doubts  needs  but  to  look  around  to  find  all  things  full  of  the 
original  spirit  and  testifying  to  its  wisdom  and  strength.  We  have  taken 
no  steps  backward,  nor  have  we  needed  to  seek  other  paths  in  our  progress 
than  those  in  which  our  feet  were  planted  at  the  beginning.  Weighty  and 
manifold  have  been  our  obligations  to  the  great  nations  of  the  earth,  to 
their  scholars,  their  philosophers,  their  men  of  genius  and  of  science  ;  to 
their  skill,  their  taste,  their  invention  ;  to  their  wealth,  their  arts,  their 
industry.  But  in  the  institutions  and  methods  of  government  ;  in  civil 
prudence,  courage,  or  policy;  in  statesmanship;  in  the  art  of  "making  of 
a  small  town  a  great  city"  ;  in  the  adjustment  of  authority  to  liberty  ;  in 
the  concurrence  of  reason  and  strength  in  peace,  of  force  and  obedience 
in  war,  we  have  found  nothing  to  recall  us  from  the  course  of  our  fathers, 
nothing  to  add  to  our  safety  or  to  aid  our  progress  in  it.  So  far  from  this, 
all  modifications  of  European  politics  accept  the  popular  principles  of  our 
system,  and  tend  to  -our  model.  The  movements  toward  equality  of  repre- 

10 


74 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Centennial       sentation,  enlargement  of  the  suffrage,  and  public  education  hi  England ; 
Ceremonies,      ^Q  restoration  of  unity  in  Italy  :  the  confederation  of  Germany  under  the 

July  4,  1876.  J 

lead  of  Prussia ;  the  actual  Republic  in  France ;  the  unsteady  throne  of 
Spain;  the  new  liberties  of  Hungary;  the  constant  gain  to  the  people's 
share  in  government  throughout  Europe,  all  tend  one  way,  the  way  pointed 
out  in  the  Declaration  of  our  Independence. 

The  care  and  zeal  with  which  our  people  cherish  and  invigorate  the 
primary  supports  and  defenses  of  their  own  sovereignty  have  all  the  un- 
swerving force  and  confidence  of  instincts.  The  community  and  publicity 
of  education,  at  the  charge  and  as  an  institution  of  the  State,  is  firmly 
imbedded  in'the  wants  and  the  desires  of  the  people.  Common  schools 
are  rapidly  extending  through  the  only  part  of  the  country  which  had  been 
shut  against  them,  and  follow  close  upon  the  footsteps  of  its  new  liberty  to 
enlighten  the  enfranchised  race.  Freedom  of  conscience  easily  stamps  out 
the  first  sparkles  of  persecution,  and  snaps  as  green  withes  the  first  bonds 
of  spiritual  domination.  The  sacred  oracles  of  their  religion  the  people 
wisely  hold  in  their  own  keeping  as  the  keys  of  religious  liberty,  and  re- 
fuse to  be  beguiled  by  the  voice  of  the  wisest  charmer  into  loosing  their 
grasp. 

Freedom  from  military  power  and  the  maintenance  of  that  arm  of  the 
Government  in  the  people  ;  a  trust  in  their  own  adequacy  as  soldiers,  when 
their  duty  as  citizens  should  need  to  take  on  that  form  of  service  to  the 
State;  these  have  gained  new  force  by  the  experience  of  foreign  and  civil 
war,  and  a  standing  army  is  a  remoter  possibility  for  this  nation,  in  its 
present  or  prospective  greatness,  than  in  the  days  of  its  small  beginnings. 

But  in  the  freedom  of  the  press,  and  the  universality  of  the  suffrage,  as 
maintained  and  exercised  to-day  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
land,  we  find  the  most  conspicuous  and  decisive  evidence  of  the  unspent 
force  of  the  institutions  of  liberty  and  the  jealous  guard  of  its  principal 
defenses.  These  indeed  are  the  great  agencies  and  engines  of  the  people's 
sovereignty.  They  hold  the  same  relations  to  the  vast  democracy  of 
modern  society  that  the  persuasions  of  the  orators  and  the  personal  voices 
of  the  assembly  did  in  the  narrow  confines  of  the  Grecian  States.  The 
laws,  the  customs,  the  impulses  and  sentiments  of  the  people  have  given 
wider  and  wider  range  and  license  to  the  agitations  of  the  press,  multiplied 
and  more  frequent  occasions  for  the  exercise  of  the  suffrage,  larger  and 
larger  communication  of  its  franchise.  The  progress  of  a  hundred  years 
finds  these  prodigious  activities  in  the  fullest  play, — incessant  and  all- 
powerful, — indispensable  in  the  habits  of  the  people,  and  impregnable  in 
their  affections.  Their  public  service,  and  their  subordination  to  the  pub- 
lic safety,  stand  in  their  play  upon  one  another  and  in  their  freedom  thus 
maintained.  Neither  could  long  exist  in  true^  vigor  in  our  system  without 
the  other.  Without  the  watchful,  omnipresent,  and  indomitable  energy  of 
the  press,  the  suffrage  would  languish,  would  be  subjugated  by  the  corporate 
power  of  the  legions  of  placemen  which  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of 


KEPORT  OF   THE   PRESIDENT. 


75 


a  great  nation  imposes  upon  it,  and  fall  a  prey  to  that  "  vast  patronage  Centennial 
which,"   we  are  told,   "distracted,   corrupted,   and   finally  subverted  the  Ceremonies. 
Roman  Republic."     On  the  other  hand,  if  the  impressions  of  the  press 
upon  the  opinions  and  passions  of  the  people  found  no  settled  and  ready 
mode  of  their  working  out,  through  the  frequent  and  peaceful  suffrage,  the 
people  would  be  driven,  to  satisfy  their  displeasure  at  government  or  their 
love  of  change,  to  the  coarse  methods  of  barricades  and  batteries. 

We  cannot  then  hesitate  to  declare  that  the  original  principles  of  equal 
society  and  popular  government  still  inspire  the  laws,  live  in  the  habits- 
of  the  people,  and  animate  their  purposes  and  their  hopes.  These  prin- 
ciples have  not  lost  their  spring  or  elasticity.  They  have  sufficed  for  all  the 
methods  of  government  in  the  past;  we  feel  no  fear  for  their  adequacy  in 
the  future.  Released  now,  from  the  tasks  and  burdens  of  the  formative 
period,  these  principles  and  methods  can  be  directed  with  undivided  force 
to  the  every-day  conduct  of  government,  to  the  staple  and  steady  virtues 
of  administration.  The  feebleness  of  crowding  the  statute-books  with  un- 
executed laws;  the  danger  of  povver  outgrowing  or  evading  responsibility; 
the  rashness  and  fickleness  of  temporary  expedients ;  the  constant  tendency 
by  which  parties  decline  into  factions  and  end  in  conspiracies,  all  these 
mischiefs  beset  all  governments,  and  are  part  of  the  life  of  each  generation. 
To  deal  with  these  evils — the  tasks  and  burdens  of  the  immediate  future — 
the  nation  needs  no  other  resources  than  the  principles  and  the  examples 
which  our  past  history  supplies.  These  principles,  these  examples  of  our 
fathers,  are  the  strength  and  the  safety  of  our  State  to-day  :  "  Moribus  anti- 
quis,  stat  res  Romana,  virisque. ' ' 

Unity,  liberty,  power,  prosperity, — these  are  our  possessions  to-day. 
Our  territory  is  safe  against  foreign  dangers;  its  completeness  dissuades 
from  further  ambitions  to  extend  it,  and  its  rounded  symmetry  discourages 
all  attempts  to  dismember  it.  No  division  into  greatly  unequal  parts  would 
be  tolerable  to  either.  No  imaginable  union  of  interests  or  passions,  large 
enough  to  include  one-half  the  country,  but  must  embrace  much  more. 
The  madness  of  partition  into  numerous  and  feeble  fragments  could  proceed 
only  from  the  hopeless  degradation  of  the  people,  and  would  form  but  an 
incident  in  general  ruin. 

The  spirit  of  the  nation  is  at  the  highest, — its  triumph  over  the  inborn, 
inbred  perils  of  the  Constitution  has  chased  away  all  fears,  justified  all 
hopes,  and  with  universal  joy  we  greet  this  day.  We  have  not  proved  un- 
worthy of  a  great  ancestry ;  we  have  had  the  virtue  to  uphold  what  they  so 
wisely,  so  firmly,  established.  With  these  proud  possessions  of  the  past, 
with  powers  matured,  with  principles  settled,  with  habits  formed,  the  nation 
passes  as  it  were  from  preparatory  growth  to  responsible  development  of 
character  and  the  steady  performance  of  duty.  What  labors  await  it,  what 
trials  shall  attend  it,  what  triumphs  for  human  nature,  what  glory  for  itself, 
are  prepared  for  this  people  in  the  coming  century,  we  may  not  assume  to 
foretell.  "One  generation  passeth  away,  and  another  generation  cometh ; 


76  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Centennial       but  the  earth  abideth  forever,"  and  we  reverently  hope  that  these  our  cen- 
ter*    mes,     stituted  liberties  shall  be  maintained  to  the  unending  line  of  our  posterity, 
and  so  long  as  the  earth  itself  shall  endure. 

In  the  great  procession  of  nations,  in  the  great  march  of  humanity,  we 
hold  our  place.  Peace  is  our  duty,  peace  is  our  policy.  In  its  arts,  its  labors, 
and  its  victories,  then,  we  find  scope  for  all  our  energies,  rewards  for  all  our 
ambitions,  renown  enough  for  all  our  love  of  fame.  In  the  august  presence 
of  so  many  nations,  which,  by  their  representatives,  have  done  us  the  honor 
to  be  witnesses  of  our  commemorative  joy  and  gratulation,  and  in  sight  of 
the  collective  evidences  of  the  greatness  of  their  own  civilization  with  which 
they  grace  our  celebration,  we  may  well  confess  how  much  we  fall  short, 
how  much  we  have  to  make  up,  in  the  emulative  competitions  of  the  times. 
Yet,  even  in  this  presence,  and  with  a  just  deference  to  the  age,  the  power, 
the  greatness  of  the  other  nations  of  the  earth,  we  do  not  fear  to  appeal  to 
the  opinion  of  mankind  whether,  as  we  point  to  our  land,  our  people,  and 
our  laws,  the  contemplation  should  not  inspire  us  with  a  lover's  enthusiasm 
for  our  country. 

Time  makes  no  pauses  in  his  march.  Even  while  I  speak  the  last  hour 
of  the  receding  is  replaced  by  the  first  hour  of  the  coming  century,  and 
reverence  for  the  past  gives  way  to  the  joys  and  hopes,  the  activities  and 
the  responsibilities  of  the  future.  A  hundred  years  hence  the  piety  of  that 
generation  will  recall  the  ancestral  glory  which  we  celebrate  to-day,  and 
crown  it  with  the  plaudits  of  a  vast  population  which  no  man  can  number. 
By  the  mere  circumstance  of  this  periodicity  our  generation  will  be  in  the 
minds,  in  the  hearts,  on  the  lips  of  our  countrymen  at  the  next  Centennial 
commemoration,  in  comparison  with  their  own  character  and  condition  and 
with  the  great  founders  of  the  nation.  What  shall  they  say  of  us?  How 
shall  they  estimate  the  part  we  bear  in  the  unbroken  line  of  the  nation's 
progress?  And  so  on,  in  the  long  reach  of  time,  forever  and  forever,  our 
place  in  the  secular  roll  of  the  ages  must  always  bring  us  into  observation 
and  criticism.  Under  this  double  trust,  then,  from  the  past  and  for  the 
future,  let  us  take  heed  to  our  ways,  and,  while  it  is  called  to-day,  resolve 
that  the  great  heritage  we  have  received  shall  be  handed  down  through  the 
long  line  of  the  advancing  generations,  the  home  of  liberty,  the  abode 
of  justice,  the  stronghold  of  faith  among  men,  "which  holds  the  moral 
elements  of  the  world  together,"  and  of  faith  in  God,  which  binds  that 
world  to  His  throne. 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  oration,  the  Hallelujah  Chorus  from 
Handel's  Messiah  was  rendered  by  the  orchestra  and  chorus.  Then 
followed  the  Doxology,  TJie  One  Hundredth  Psalm,  sung  by  all 
present;  and  with  this  the  formal  ceremonies  were  brought  to  a  close. 


DISTRIBUTION    OF   AWARDS. 


THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  AWARDS 

TO 

EXHIBITORS. 

JUDGES'   HALL,  WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER   27. 


The  exercises  on  this  occasion  were  conducted  in  accordance  with 

of  Awards 


the  following  programme : 


MARCH—  Centennial By    the   Orchestra, 

CARL  HEINEMAN,  Conductor. 
ENTRANCE  AND  RECEPTION  OF  GUESTS. 

PRAYER Rev.  Henry  A.  Boardman,  D.D.,  of  Philadelphia. 

MUSIC The  Temple  Quartette  of  Boston. 

Messrs.  FITZ,  FESSENDEN,  COOK,  and  RYDER. 

ADDRESS U.  S.  Commissioner  Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Presiding. 

MUSIC— National  Airs Carl  Heineman,  Conductor. 

ADDRESS U.  S.  Commissioner  Alfred  T.  Goshorn, 

Director- General  International  Exhibition,  1876. 

MUSIC The  Temple  Quartette. 

PRESENTATION  OF  AWARDS  TO  COMMISSIONERS  FROM  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES,  AND  TO  DIRECTOR-GENERAL  ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN 
FOR  THE  EXHIBITORS  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES.    By  Joseph  R.  Hawley, 
President  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

MUSIC The  Temple  Quartette. 

PROMENADE First  Brigade  Band. 


U.  S.  Commissioner  DANIEL   J.  MORRELL,  Presiding. 
U.  S.  Commissioner  JOHN    McNEIL,  Master  of  Ceremonies. 


COMMITTEE  OF  ARRANGEMENTS. 

U.  S.  Commissioner  THOMAS   DONALDSON,  Chairman. 

U.  S.  Commissioner  FRANKLIN   C.  JOHNSON. 

U.  S.  Commissioner  J.  F.  BERNARD. 

79 


8o  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Distribution         The  announcement  of  the  awards  to  the  exhibitors  of  the  Interna- 
<f  Awards.      tional  Exhibition  of  l8;6  was  made  at  the  judges'  Hall,  in  the  Exhi- 
bition grounds,  on  the  evening  of  Wednesday,  September  27,  1876. 

Before  eight  P.M.  there  had  assembled  in  the  Judges'  Hall  the 
Governor  and  State  officers  of  Pennsylvania,  with  the  Governors  of 
other  States  and  Territories  ;  the  Mayor  and  other  officers  of  the  City 
of  Philadelphia ;  the  Chiefs  of  Bureaus  in  the  International  Exhibition, 
with  their  assistants ;  the  members  of  the  Boards  of  Centennial  Man- 
agers representing  the  several  States;  and  other  persons  officially 
connected  with  the  Exhibition, — many  of  them  being  accompanied 
by  ladies. 

At  eight  o'clock  the  presiding  officer  of  the  ceremony,  Mr.  Daniel 
J.  Morrell,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Centennial 
Commission,  was  escorted  to  the  chair.  There  were  then  introduced 
the  guests  and  officials  of  the  ceremony:  the  members  of  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission;  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance; 
the  United  States  Government  Board,  led  by  Colonel  S.  C.  Lyford, 
U.S.A.;  the  International  Board  of  Judges,  led  by  General  Francis  A. 
Walker,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Awards;  the  Foreign  Commissioners, 
escorted  by  Mr.  Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General  of  the  Interna- 
tional Exhibition ;  and  representatives  of  the  National  Government 
and  the  Diplomatic  Corps,  accompanied  by  General  Joseph  R. 
Hawley,  President  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  and  Mr.  John 
Welsh,  President  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

After  an  invocation  by  the  Rev.  Henry  A.  Boardman,  D.D.,  of 
Philadelphia,  the  order  of  ceremonies,  as  announced  in  the  pro- 
gramme, was  proceeded  with. 


ADDRESS 

BY   DANIEL  J.  MORRELL. 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN: — The  acts  of  Congress  which  provide  for 
celebrating  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by 
holding  an  International  Exhibition  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year 
1876,  have  made  it  the  duty  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission, 
created  by  these  acts,  to  award  all  premiums  to  exhibitors. 

The  Judges  appointed  by  foreign  Governments  and  by  this  Commission 
have  closed  their  labors ;  their  reports  have  been  examined  by  the  Chief 
of  the  Bureau  of  Awards  and  by  the  Commission,  and,  in  so  far  as  they 
have  been  found  to  be  in  conformity  with  the  rules,  and  in  proper  form, 
they  are  approved,  and  you  are  invited  to  witness  their  publication  as 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT.  Si 

awards,  which  will  hereafter  be  completed  by  the  delivery  of  diplomas  and  Distribution 
medals.  of  Award.. 

In  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  Commission,  these  reports  are  based 
upon  the  inherent  and  comparative  merit  of  the  things  exhibited,  involving 
considerations  of  originality,  invention,  discovery,  utility,  quality,  skill, 
workmanship,  fitness  for  the  purpose  intended,  adaptation  to  public  wants, 
economy,  and  cost ;  and  they  are  attested  by  the  signatures  of  their  authors. 

Those  who  have  won  prizes  in  this  contest,  open  to  the  world,  are  con- 
gratulated upon  receiving,  in  these  reports,  a  fitting  testimonial  of  excel- 
lence ;  yet  those  who  have  striven  unsuccessfully  will  not  be  without  their 
reward.  While  some  individual  exhibitors  may  have  felt  and  manifested 
disappointment  and  jealousy,  the  competing  countries  have  shown  the  most 
friendly  and  generous  rivalry ;  in  the  school  of  the  Exhibition  their  repre- 
sentatives have  been  quick  to  recognize  their  own  defects  and  the  merits  of 
others,  and  have  learned  its  best  lesson,  which  may  be  tersely  embodied  in 
the  maxim  of  the  Grecian  sage  :  "  Know  thyself." 

The  awards  here  made  recognize  the  achievements  of  labor  in  overcoming 
the  resistance  which  nature  everywhere  opposes  to  the  infinite  wants  of  man, 
and  will  encourage  it  to  further  efforts  in  extending  the  kingdom  of  use. 
They  testify  to  a  universal  acknowledgment  of  industry  as  the  strength  of 
nations,  and  will  inspire  in  all  countries  a  higher  regard  for  the  laborer, 
and  a  greater  pride  in  the  perfection  of  his  work. 

It  is  the  prayer  of  this  Commission  that  the  International  Industrial 
Exhibition,  which  celebrates  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Nation- 
ality, may  mark  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  of  peace  on  earth,  in  which  the 
nations,  while  communicating  knowledge  freely,  will  intelligently  foster 
the  labor  of  their  people,  and  diligently  strive  to  excel  each  other  in  all 
good  works. 

By  the  authority  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  of  America,  as 
expressed  in  the  laws  of  the  National  Congress,  the  President  of  this  Com- 
mission will  deliver  the  awards  to  the  Commissioners  of  foreign  nations 
represented  in  the  Exhibition,  and  to  the  Director-General  for  distribution 
to  the  exhibitors  of  the  United  States. 


ADDRESS 

BY   ALFRED   T.  GOSHORN. 

MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN  : — The  people  of  the  United  States  of 
America  are  celebrating  this  year  an  event  that  marks  a  century  of  national 
life.  It  is  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  country,  around  which  clusters 
the  retrospect  of  years  of  anxiety  and  uncertainty,  but  of  great  energy  and 
patriotism  displayed  in  the  ever- increasing  unity  and  strength  of  the  Fed- 
eral Government.  The  growth  of  the  political  institutions  under  which  the 

ii 


82  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Distribution  people  have  prospered,  and  the  position  the  Government  has  attained  in 
of  Awards.  ^e  estimation  of  the  world,  are  subjects  of  sincere  congratulation.  What- 
ever have  been  the  errors  of  the  last  hundred  years,  they  have  been  more 
than  counterpoised  by  the  successes;  and  there  remain  to  us  the 'net  gain 
of  a  continent  newly  populated,  consolidated  political  institutions,  great 
industries  and  great  material  wealth  developed,  and  with  them  a  steady 
progress  in  the  education  of  the  masses  and  improvement  in  the  social  and 
moral  condition  of  the  people. 

It  seems  appropriate  and  in  every  way  becoming  a  youthful  nation,  so 
largely  indebted  in  the  past  and  dependent  in  the  future  on  its  great  natural 
resources  and  the  industry  of  its  people,  to  commemorate  the  close  of  its 
first  century  and  opening  of  the  new  one  by  inviting  friendly  nations  to 
bring  together  for  comparison  and  study  their  most  advanced  products. 
The  courteous  and  flattering  replies  and  valuable  collections  of  products, 
in  response  to  this  national  invitation,  which  have  contributed  so  largely  to 
this  grand  Exhibition,  could  not  fail  to  awaken  in  us  emotions  of  pride  and 
gratitude. 

This  Exhibition  is  not  a  mere  competition  of  rival  manufacturers  and 
tradesmen.  It  brings  together  nationalities  and  leads  to  extended  relations, 
— promotes  the  acquisition  and  diffusion  of  a  better  knowledge  of  natural 
resources  and  products  and  of  national  methods  and  industries.  It  creates 
and  enlarges  mutual  respect  and  esteem,  softens  prejudices,  and  contributes 
to  the  preservation  of  harmony  and  peace, — the  noblest  aim  of  civilization. 
The  benefits  of  this  assembling  of  the  representatives  of  every  civilized 
country  with  their  products  will  be  better  understood  and  more  fully  appre- 
ciated after  the  Exhibition  itself  has  passed  away. 

We  are  in  the  presence  of  the  productions  of  science,  art,  invention, 
skill,  and  labor,  fitted  to  improve  the  material  and  moral  condition  of 
man.  We  are  at  the  same  time  in  the  presence  of  higher  influences.  The 
united  attention  and  thought  of  many  leading  minds  of  the  civilized  world 
for  the  time  being  centre  here,  and  by  their  representatives  preside  over 
this  institution.  Opinions  of  many  and  diverse  minds,  thus  in  contact, 
become  by  attrition  and  discussion  more  developed  and  perfected  in  them- 
selves, and  in  turn  flow  back  through  various  channels  to  reanimate  and 
quicken  their  origin.  We  learn  here  what  science  and  art  have  done  for 
the  comfort  and  elevation  of  man,  and  are  reminded  that  the  discoveries 
and  inventions  during  the  era  which  this  Exhibition  commemorates  are  the 
most  remarkable  and  useful  recorded  in  history. 

I  have  no  occasion  to  speak  in  great  detail  of  the  utility  of  Exhibitions. 
Nothing  less  than  a  lively  and  universal  sense  of  their  international  and 
commercial  benefits,  and  of  their  political,  social,  and  educational  effects, 
can  account  for  the  spontaneous  co-operation  of  the  active  and  leading 
minds  of  the  world,  and  for  the  great  and  willing  expenditures  of  time 
and  money  which  they  require.  But  I  may  be  permitted  to  express  my 
feelings  in  relation  to  another  subject  of  vital  importance  to  the  success  of 


REPORT  OF   THE   PRESIDENT.  83 

this  Exhibition.  I  allude  to  the  national  Commissioners  appointed  by  the  Distribution 
participating  Governments  to  conduct  their  respective  departments  and  to  of  Award*- 
co-operate  with  the  Centennial  Commission. 

No  feature  of  this  enterprise  has  produced  a  more  profound  impression 
than  the  individual  character  and  qualifications  of  the  gentlemen  selected 
for  these  Commissions,  who  are  intrusted  with  most  delicate  and  difficult 
duties.  In  addition  to  the  required  knowledge  and  experience,  they  have 
displayed  calm  consideration  and  forbearance,  vigilant  attention,  and  the 
most  friendly  and  lively  zeal  for  the  success  of  the  work. 

It  is  therefore,  gentlemen  of  the  foreign  Commissions,  that  I  seize  this 
opportunity  for  my  associates  and  myself,  and  on  behalf  of  the  exhibitors 
from  the  United  States,  to  express  to  you,  with  the  warmest  feelings,  the 
high  sense  we  entertain  of  your  important  services  and  the  large  degree  in 
which  we  are  indebted  to  you  for  the  measure  of  success  which  has  crowned 
our  efforts. 

With  equal  earnestness  and  sincerity  and  pleasure  I  refer  to  the  eminent 
body  of  men,  both  foreign  and  American,  combining  among  them  superior 
attainments  in  every  department  of  human  knowledge,  selected  to  examine 
and  express  their  opinions  upon  the  qualities  and  merits  of  the  products 
and  subjects  forming  this  Exhibition. 

The  task  imposed  on  them  was  in  some  of  its  features  new  and  untried. 
They  were  desired  to  express  opinions  individually  and  in  writing  upon  the 
qualities  and  merits  of  individual  products,  and  to  affirm  their  opinions  by 
their  respective  signatures.  Most  obviously  this  was  asking  the  perform- 
ance of  a  task  at  once  difficult  and  delicate,  and  the  assumption  of  great 
moral  responsibility. 

The  good  will,  earnestness,  and  zeal  with  which  they  accepted  this  onerous 
charge  and  entered  upon  the  work  gave  assurances  to  the  Centennial  Com- 
mission from  the  outset  that  have  been  to  them  a  source  of  gratification  and 
of  confidence.  Their  work  is  now  completed  and  will  soon  be  given  to 
the  public,  which  is  in  the  end  the  final  arbiter  and  ultimate  judge.  It  is 
not  competent  for  me  to  anticipate  that  verdict,  but  I  may  allude  to  some 
of  the  elements  on  which  it  must  of  necessity  be  founded. 

It  has  been  the  duty  of  the  Centennial  Commission  to  examine,  appre- 
ciate, and  confirm  in  legal  form  twelve  thousand  or  more  of  the  recom- 
mendations of  the  Judges  for  Awards.  In  the  progress  of  this  labor  the 
Commission  have  been  impressed  with  the  spirit  of  impartiality,  fairness, 
and  earnestness  which  pervades  the  work.  They  have  been  equally  im- 
pressed with  the  evidences  of  trained  skill  and  acute  discrimination,  and 
with  the  manifestations  of  special  and  general  knowledge  throughout. 
Surely  it  cannot  fail  that  the  people  and  nations  represented  here  will  in 
due  time  acquire  from  the  useful  and  trustworthy  information  conveyed  by 
the  reports  of  the  Judges  a  better  and  fuller  knowledge  of  their  own  pro- 
ducts and  of  the  products  of  each  other. 

In  the  full  confidence  that  the  wishes  and  aims  of  the  Centennial  Com- 


84  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Distribution  mission  in  adopting  this  method  of  awards  will  be  thus  happily  realized 
Awards.  an(j  apprecjate(j  both  by  exhibitors  and  the  public,  I  have  now  the  honor 
to  express  to  you,  gentlemen  of  the  Board  of  Judges,  both  foreign  and 
American,  on  behalf  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  our  thanks  for  the 
signal  aid  and  great  benefits  in  this  department  which  you  have  conferred 
on  the  exhibitors. 

And  now,  gentlemen,  in  a  few  weeks  the  object  for  which  we  came  here 
will  be  accomplished.  The  Exhibition,  which  has  been  the  source  of  so 
much  pleasure  and  instruction,  and  which  has  excited  the  admiration  of 
millions  of  visitors,  will  soon  pass  to  the  records  of  history.  The  cir- 
cumstances that  suggested  it  were  of  a  peculiar  and  interesting  character. 
Connected  with  the  centenary  commemoration  of  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant political  events  in  the  history  of  the  world,  and  from  its  inception 
having  been  free  from  merely  commercial  or  mercenary  motives,  it  was 
organized  and  has  been  conducted  with  the  single  view  of  erecting  here 
a  monument  dedicated  to  the  fruits  of  peace  that  will  be  remembered  for 
all  time  with  pride  and  pleasure.  Inaugurated  in  a  spirit  of  fraternity  and 
good  will,  it  was  intended  to  afford  to  the  people  of  this  and  all  other 
countries  an  opportunity  to  see  and  study  the  elements  that  have  conduced 
to  the  national  welfare.  We  acknowledge  our  indebtedness  to  the  exhib- 
itors from  foreign  countries  and  to  the  exhibitors  from  the  United  States, 
who  have  co-operated  with  zeal  and  most  faithfully  to  render  the  Exhibition 
successful  in  all  of  its  departments.  The  work  has  been  great,  the  difficulties 
many ;  but  we  trust  the  future  will  bring  returns  of  a  fruitful  harvest. 


ADDRESS 

BY  JOSEPH    R.  HAWLEY. 

GENTLEMEN  : — We  have  reached  another  interesting  step  in  the  progress 
of  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876.  The  importance  of  the  work 
which  culminates  this  evening  has  been  felt  by  the  Commission  from  the 
beginning.  It  has  never  been  thought  possible  to  devise  or  carry  out  a 
system  of  awards  that  would  render  absolute  justice  or  obviate  criticism, 
but  it  was  believed  that  we  could,  by  the  plan  with  which  you  are  familiar, 
get  nearer  that  result  than  did  our  predecessors  in  other  Exhibitions.  We 
departed  from  the  usual  system  of  international  juries,  and  called  to  our 
assistance  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  judges  from  the  United  States  and 
an  equal  number  from  foreign  nations,  all  selected  for  their  known  char- 
acter and  qualifications.  Our  method  also  dispensed  with  graduated  medals. 
It  required  written  reports  recommending  awards  based  upon  merit,  the 
elements  of  merit,  in  the  language  of  the  Commission,  including  "  con- 
siderations relating  to  originality,  invention,  discovery,  utility,  quality,  skill, 
workmanship,  fitness  for  the  purpose  intended,  adaptation  to  public  wants, 
economy,  and  cost."  The  articles  exhibited  were  classified  in  twenty- 


REPORT  OF  THE   PRESIDENT.  85 

eight  groups,  and  to  each  of  these  groups  a  competent  number  of  judges,  Distribution 
foreign  and  American,  was  assigned.  They  entered  upon  their  duties  May  of  Award»- 
24.  Each  group  chose  a  president  and  secretary,  and  called  to  its  aid  such 
reporters  and  experts  as  were  needed.  The  rules  required  that  the  report 
upon  each  article  or  subject  should  be  signed  by  some  one  judge  and 
countersigned  by  at  least  a  majority  of  his  associates  in  that  group.  No 
limitation  has  been  imposed  upon  the  number  of  awards.  It  is  apparent 
that  of  twenty  articles  submitted  each  might  be  worthy  of  honor  for 
peculiar  merit,  or,  on  the  other  hand,  it  might  happen  that  none  would 
deserve  special  mention.  The  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Awards,  General 
Francis  A.  Walker,  represented  the  Commission  in  its  relations  with  the 
Judges,  interpreting  and  applying  the  rules,  and  conveying  the  decisions 
of  the  Commission  upon  questions  that  arose  from  time  to  time.  He 
classified  the  reports  and  prepared  them  for  consideration  by  the  Com- 
mission. That  body  has  read  every  one  of  the  reports,  either  in  com- 
mittee of  the  whole  or  in  large  subdivisions  thereof.  The  task  is  not  quite 
complete.  A  few  reports  are  not  ready  for  our  examination.  Final  action 
upon  others  is  delayed  by  reason  of  such  oversights,  alleged  violations  of 
the  rules,  duplications,  overlappings,  or  technical  errors,  as  may  be  ex- 
pected in  so  large  a  mass  of  work  by  two  hundred  and  fifty  gentlemen, 
working  in  twenty-eight  groups.  The  Commission  has  formally  approved 
eleven  thousand  reports  and  awarded  thereon  the  uniform  medal  and 
diploma.  The  lists  of  awards  that  we  present  this  evening  are  classified 
by  nationalities.  The  lists  given  to  the  press  are  arranged  under  their 
several  groups.  The  preparation  of  diplomas,  medals,  and  certified  copies 
of  the  full  reports  in  each  case  must  necessarily  be  a  work  of  more  time. 
It  was  deemed  just  to  the  exhibitors  to  announce  the  principal  facts  as 
speedily  as  possible. 

Among  the  many  to  whom  we  feel  personally  grateful  stand  prominently 
the  tens  of  thousands  of  exhibitors.  While  commercial  and  purely  material 
motives  and  considerations  were  presented  in  order  to  induce  their  partici- 
pation, it  is  quite  evident  that  a  large  part  are  here  on  this  peculiar  occa- 
sion, not  alone  from  the  United  States,  but  from  many  nations,  chiefly  that 
they  may  testify  their  good  will  in  this  our  festal  year  of  the  century.  And 
there  are  many  purely  governmental  exhibits  not  subject  to  competitive 
examination  that  will  nevertheless  receive  the  highest  of  awards — the  con- 
tinuing gratitude  of  the  whole  American  people.  The  special  manifestations 
of  friendly  interest  and  cordial  good  will  presented  by  many  sovereigns  can 
never  be  forgotten,  and  they  will  do  much  to  perpetuate  international  friend- 
ships. 

The  Commissioners  take  this  opportunity  to  express  their  very  great 
pleasure  over  the  happy  relations  between  us  and  all  the  gentlemen  of  the 
foreign  Commissions.  It  cannot  be  that  anything  yet  to  happen  will  dis- 
turb them.  Should  Heaven  continue  to  smile  upon  this  enterprise  we  shall 
all  have  great  reason  to  thank  Almighty  God  for  this  opportunity  to  make 


86 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Distribute  i    common  property  of  the  latest  developments  for  the  good  of  mankind  and 
of  awards,     strengthen  the  bonds  of  peace  and  friendship  now  happily  subsisting  between 

the  United  States  and  all  the  world. 

Gentlemen,   I   have  no  order  of  precedence  among  you.      If  any  are 

warmer   friends  than   others,  I   trust    they  are  those  with  whom  we  have 

sometimes  quarreled.     I  proceed  to  deliver  your  several  lists  of  awards  in 

alphabetical  order. 

The  President  of  the  Centennial  Commission  then  called  by  name 
the  nations  represented  in  the  Exhibition.  As  each  was  named,  the 
Director -General  introduced  to  the  President  the  Commissioner 
designated  to  receive  the  awards — as  follows  : 


Argentine  Republic    . 
Austria      .... 
Africa — Orange  Free  State 
Belgitim     .          . 
Brazil        .... 
•Chili          .... 
China         .... 
Denmark  .... 

Egypt      .... 

France       .... 

German  Empire 

Grand  Duchy  of  Luxembourg 

Hawaiian  Is  I  anils 

Italy  .... 

Japanese  Empire 

Mexico       .... 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal    .... 

Russia        .... 

Spain         .... 

Sweden       .... 

Switzerland 

Tunis         .... 

Turkey      .          . 

United  Kingdom  and  Colonies 

Bahamas          \ 

New  Zealand  > 

Tasmania         ' 

Bermuda     . 

British  Guiana  . 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 


MR.  ERNESTO  OLDENDORFF. 

DR.  FRANCIS  MIGERKA. 

MR.  CHARLES  W.  RILEY. 

MR.  J.  GODY. 

MR.  FELLIPE  LOPES  NETTO. 

MR.  EDWARD  SHIPPEN. 

MR.  J.  S.  HAMMOND. 

MR.  THOMAS  SCHMIDT. 

MR.  E.  BRUGSCH. 

CAPTAIN  ANFRYE. 

MR.  GUSTAVUS  REMAK. 

MR.  F.  BERGER. 

MR.  H.  R.  HITCHCOCK. 

COUNT  B.  LITTA. 

LIEUT.-GEN.  SAIGO  TSUKUMICHI. 

MR.  MANUEL  M.  DE  ZAMACONA. 

DR.  E.  H.  VON  BAUMHAUER. 

MR.  WILLIAM  C.  CHRISTOPHERSEN. 

H.  E.  THE  BARON  DE  SANT'  ANNA. 

H.  E.  MR.  CHARLES  DE  BIELSKY. 

COLONEL  F.  LOPEZ  FABRA. 

MR.  C.  JUHLIN-DANNFELT. 

MR.  EDWARD  GUYER. 

MR.  G.  H.  HEAP. 

H.  E.,  G.  D'ARISTARCHI  BEY. 

COLONEL  HERBERT  B.  SANDFORD,  R.A. 

DR.  EDWARD  T.  WEBB. 

MR.   A.  A.  OUTERBRIDGE. 

MR.  A.  E.  OUTERBRIDGE. 
MR.  H.  CRAWFORD  COATES. 


Canada HON  E.  G.  PENNY. 

Ceylon          "j 
India 


Gold  Coast 
Mauritius 
Trinidad 


COLONEL  H.  B.  SANDFORD,  R.A. 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  87 

Jamaica MR.  WILLIAM  ROBERT  THOMSON.  Distribution 

New  South  Wales       .        .        .     MR.  AUGUSTUS  MORR is.  of  Award*. 

Queensland         .         .         .         .MR.  ANGUS  MACKAY. 
South  Australia  ....     MR.  S.  DAVENPORT. 

Victoria SIR  REDMOND  BARRY. 

Venezuela MR.  LEON  DE  LA  COVA. 

The  distribution  of  awards  was  concluded  by  the  President's  de- 
livering to  the  Director-General  the  list  of  those  for  exhibitors  from 
the  United  States.  As  the  representatives  of  the  different  countries 
were  presented  to  the  President,  they  were  greeted  with  enthusiastic 
applause,  the  audience  rising  and  cheering  repeatedly. 

Vocal  music  by  the  Temple  Quartette,  followed  by  a  promenade 
performed  by  the  band  of  the  First  Pennsylvania  Brigade,  National 
Guards,  ended  the  ceremony. 


CLOSING    CEREMONIES. 


12 


89 


BANQUET  TO  FOREIGN  GUESTS, 

ST.   GEORGE'S    HALL,  NOVEMBER  9,   1876. 


Preceding  the  public  ceremony  of  closing  the  Exhibition,  the  closing 
Centennial  Commission  and  Board  of  Finance  united  in  tendering  Ccremonies- 
a  farewell  banquet  to  the  Foreign  Commissioners  and  Judges  of 
Awards,  to  whom  the  success  of  the  Exhibition  was  so  largely  due. 
The  guests  on  this  occasion  included  the  Commissioners  and  Diplo- 
matic Representatives  of  the  nations  which  had  participated  in  the 
Exhibition,  the  Chief-Justice  and  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States,  a  number  of  Senators  and  Members  of  the  United 
States  Congress,  the  Secretary  of  State  and  other  Members  of  the 
Cabinet  of  the  United  States,  the  Governors  of  Pennsylvania,  Mas- 
sachusetts, Delaware,  and  New  Jersey;  the  Mayor  of  Philadelphia, 
the  Presidents  of  the  Philadelphia  City  Councils,  and  the  Officers 
and  Members  of  the  Fairmount  Park  Commission,  the  Centennial 
Commission  and  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance.  The  President 
of  the  United  States  was  the  presiding  officer  of  the  evening. 

During  the  course  of  the  banquet  addresses  were  made  by 
representatives  of  the  several  bodies  participating,  and  by  Commis- 
sioners of  each  of  the  foreign  countries  represented,  each  being  intro- 
duced in  turn  by  the  President  of  the  Centennial  Commission  amid 
the  applause  of  the  guests. 


9» 


CLOSING  CEREMONIES 


OF    THE 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1870. 


JUDGES'    HALL,  FRIDAY,  NOVEMBER    10. 


The  arrangements  for  the  closing  ceremonies  were  as  follows  : 


Closing 
Ceremoniem. 


INAUGURATION  MARCH  (WAGNER) Orchestra. 

THEODORE  THOMAS,  Mtisical  Director. 

PRAYER Rev.  Joseph  A.  Seiss,  D.D. 

CHORALE  AND  FUGUE  (BACH) Orchestra. 

ADDRESS,  by  D.  J.  Morrell,  U.  S.  Centennial  Commissioner  from  Pennsylvania,  Chairman 
Executive  Committee. 

SELECTIONS  FROM  THE  DETTINGEN   TE   DRUM     .      Chorus  and  Orchestra. 

ADDRESS,  by  John  Welsh,  President  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

FINALE— Fifth  Symphony  of  Beethoven Orchestra. 

ADDRESS,  by  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General. 

HALLELUJAH  CHORUS— from  the  Messiah  (HANDEL)         .      Chorus  and  Orchestra. 

ADDRESS,  by  Joseph  R.  Hawley,  President  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

AMERICA Chorus  and  Orchestra. 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  DECLARED  THE  INTER- 
NATIONAL EXHIBITION  OF  1876  CLOSED. 

DOXOLOGY—  Old  Hundred    .  Chorus  and  Orchestra. 


U.  S.  Commissioner  JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  Presiding. 


COMMITTEE   OF  ARRANGEMENTS. 

U.  S.  Commissioner  WILLIAM   GURNEY,  CHAIRMAN. 
U.  S.  Commissioner  DANIEL  J.  MORRELL. 
U.  S.  Commissioner  WILLIAM    H.   PARSONS. 


93 


Q4  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

dosing  COMMITTEE   OF   RECEPTION. 

U.  S.  Commissioner  JOHN   McNEIL,  CHAIRMAN. 

U.  S.  Commissioner  ALEXANDER    R.  BOTELER. 

U.  S.  Commissioner  JOHN    LYNCH. 

Director  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  JOHN  PRICE  \VETHERILL. 

Director  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  N.  PARKER  SHORTRIDGE. 

Director  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  EDWARD    T.  STEELE. 


NOTE. — At  sunrise  a  Federal  salute  of  thirteen  guns  was  fired  from  George's  Hill,  by 
the  Keystone  Battery,  and  simultaneously  from  the  U.  S.  S.  Plymouth,  in  the  harbor. 

During  the  singing  of  America  the  flag  carried  by  Commodore  John  Paul  Jones  on  the 
Bon  Homme  Richard  vto&  unfurled  above  the  platform,  and  a  salute  of  forty-seven  guns,  one 
for  each  State  and  Territory,  was  fired  from  George's  Hill  by  the  Keystone  Battery,  and 
simultaneously  from  the  U.  S.  S.  Plymouth  in  the  harbor. 

At  sunrise,  at  meridian,  and  at  the  close  of  the  ceremonies,  Prof.  Widdowes  rang  the 
chimes  on  Machinery  Hall,  giving  a  medley  of  the  National  Airs. 

It  was  intended  that  the  closing  exercises  should  be  held  in  the 
open  air,  in  the  grand  plaza  between  the  Main  Exhibition  Building 
and  Machinery  Hall.  An  amphitheatre  of  seats  had  been  erected  at 
this  point  for  the  accommodation  of  a  large  number  of  invited  guests. 
Among  these  were  the  President  and  Cabinet,  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States,  foreign  Legations,  United  States  Senate  and  officers, 
Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  Governors  of  all  the  States 
and  Territories,  Mayors  of  fifty-five  cities,  Circuit  Court  Judges  of  the 
United  States,  foreign  Consuls-General  in  the  United  States,  foreign 
Consuls  in  Philadelphia,  foreign  Commissioners  to  the  Exhibition, 
Judges  of  Awards,  the  Centennial  Commission,  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance,  poets,  orators,  etc.,  the  United  States  Government  Board, 
Heads  of  Administrative  Departments,  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Pennsylvania,  Commissioners  of  Fairmount  Park,  City  Councils 
of  Philadelphia,  County  Court  Judges,  U.  S.  District  Attorney  and 
assistants,  officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  officers  of  the  Centennial 
Guard,  Pennsylvania  Legislature,  State  Board  of  Supervisors  of 
Memorial  Hall,  Presidents  and  Vice-Presidents  of  steam  and  pas- 
senger car  railroads,  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee,  origi- 
nal Centennial  Commission,  Commissioner  of  Public  Charities  of 
Pennsylvania,  with  other  distinguished  citizens,  and  subscribers  to 
the  stock  of  the  Exhibition. 

The  day,  however,  was  rainy,  and  it  became  necessary  to  conduct 
the  ceremonies  in  the  Judges'  Hall,  which  had  capacity  for  only  a 
small  portion  of  the  assemblage  anxious  to  behold  them. 

At  the  opening  of  the  ceremony  there  were  seated  on  and  beside 
the  platform  the  Honorables  John  F.  Hartranft,  Governor  of  Penn- 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  95 

sylvania;  Alexander  H.  Rice,  Governor  of  Massachusetts;  John  D.  closing 
Bagley,  Governor  of  Michigan ;  Joseph  D.  Bedle,  Governor  of  New  Ccremonie»- 
Jersey;  J.  P.  Cochran,  Governor  of  Delaware;  E.  A.  Straw,  ex-Gov- 
ernor of  New  Hampshire;  William  S.  Stokley,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia ; 
Chief-Justice  Morrison   R.  Waite  and  Associate  Justices  Noah   H. 
Swayne,  David  Davis,  Joseph  P.  Bradley,  and  William  Strong,  of  the 
United  States   Supreme  Court;    the  Diplomatic   Corps  and  foreign 
Commissioners  to  the  Exhibition  ;  and  other  invited  guests  ;  also  the 
members  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  and  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance. 

At  two  o'clock  the  aisle  leading  from  the  entrance  of  the  Judges' 
Hall  to  the  platform  was  lined  by  the  First  Troop  of  Philadelphia 
City  Cavalry  (dismounted),  and  way  was  made  for  the  Presidential 
procession,  which  entered  in  the  following  order : 

The  Committee  of  Reception. 

Ulysses  S.  Grant,  President  of  the  United  States,  and  Joseph  R. 
Hawley,  President  of  the  Centennial  Commission. 

Hamilton  Fish,  Secretary  of  State,  and  John  Welsh,  President  of 
the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

J.  Donald  Cameron,  Secretary  of  War,  and  Alfred  T.  Goshorn, 
Director-General  of  the  International  Exhibition. 

Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  United 
States  Centennial  Commission,  and  Alphonso  Taft,  Attorney-General. 

The  personages  thus  introduced  were  seated  at  the  front  of  the 
platform ;  also  the  Rev.  Dr.  Seiss  and  Mrs.  E.  D.  Gillespie,  President 
of  the  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee. 

After  the  performance  of  the  Inauguration  March  by  the  orchestra, 
and  a  prayer  by  Dr.  Seiss,  the  order  of  exercises  proceeded  as 
announced. 


ADDRESS 
BY  DANIEL  J.  MORRELL. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  : — On  the  pth  day  of  March, 
1870,  it  was  my  privilege  to  introduce  in  Congress  a  bill  to  provide  for 
holding  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  the  Exhibition  which  this  day  brings 
to  a  close.  On  the  3d  of  March,  1871,  that  bill  became  a  law,  but  not 
without  opposition  and  amendments,  which  took  from  it  all  provisions  for 
carrying  out  the  purpose  contemplated  by  the  act  itself.  On  the  4th  of 
March,  1872,  the  Centennial  Commission  met  and  organized,  and  the 
labor  of  preparing  for  the  Exhibition  was  commenced,  in  the  face  of 
obstacles  such  as  were  never  encountered  in  a  similar  undertaking. 


96  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  2876. 

Closing  The  Government  had  refused  aid ;  local  jealousies  were  powerful ;  the 

Ceremonies,  newspapers  of  the  country,  with  few  exceptions,  were  lukewarm  or  openly- 
hostile,  and  the  mass  of  the  people  could  not  be  interested  in  an  evenl 
which  seemed  far  away  in  the  future.  During  the  first  year  of  the  life 
of  the  Commission  doubt  everywhere  prevailed,  and  I  am  ashamed  to  say, 
I  shall  strive  to  forget,  and  I  hope  that  history  will  not  record,  how  few 
had  faith  in  the  success  of  our  enterprise,  and  how  many  wise  and  eminent 
citizens  rendered  a  hesitating  support  or  refused  to  commit  themselves  to 
what,  to  them,  seemed  a  hopeless  cause.  In  this  time  of  gloom  the  City 
of  Philadelphia  was  not  afraid  to  charge  itself  with  the  expenses  incident 
to  the  organization  and  labors  of  the  Commission,  and  in  this  and  all  other 
official  acts  her  municipal  authorities  have  shown  courageous  liberality. 

The  creation  of  the  Board  of  Finance  was  the  turning-point  in  the 
fortunes  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition ;  from  that  moment  its  prospects 
brightened,  and  though  that  Board  was  confronted  with  a  financial  panic, 
and  other  discouraging  events,  its  executive  officers  moved  forward  in  the 
confidence  that  "knows  no  such  word  as  fail."  By  slow  and  laborious 
stages  public  interest  was  aroused ;  the  Women's  Centennial  Commission 
labored  with  zeal  and  efficiency;  money  from  private  subscriptions  to 
the  stock  of  the  Board  of  Finance  flowed  into  the  treasury ;  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania  and  the  City  of  Philadelphia  made  liberal  appropriations  for 
the  uses  of  the  Exhibition,  of  which  a  memorial  will  remain  to  future 
Centennials ;  and,  when  success  was  assured,  the  National  Congress  recog- 
nized its  duty  and  gave  us  material  aid. 

"As  a  woman  who  is  in  travail  hath  sorrow,"  but,  afterwards,  "she 
remembereth  no  more  her  anguish  for  the  joy  that  a  man  is  born  into  the 
world,"  so  the  pangs  of  this  great  labor  are  far  away  and  lost  in  this  hour 
of  its  triumph. 

It  is  but  just,  however,  in  speaking  for  the  executive  officers  of  the  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  that  I  should  point  the  future  historians  of  the  Exhi- 
bition to  the  great  difficulties  which  have  been  encountered  and  overcome, 
and  claim  from  them  a  charitable  criticism.  In  comparing  this  work  with 
that  which  has  been  done  elsewhere,  I  beg  them  to  note  that  this  has  been 
accomplished  by  the  voluntary  agents  of  a  free  people,  clothed  with  no 
official  or  titular  prestige  or  distinction,  and  without  Governmental  support. 
The  members  of  the  Commission  and  the  Board  of  Finance  have  recog- 
nized that  they  were  on  exhibition  as  fully  as  any  material  object  inclosed 
within  these  grounds ;  that  thousands  of  eyes  would  scan  their  every  act, 
after  the  fashion  of  these  times,  which  is  to  attribute  mercenary  or  corrupt 
motives  to  all  engaged  in  the  execution  of  public  trusts;  and  I  shall  esteem 
above  the  prizes  the  nation  has  won  in  the  Exhibition,  an  award  from  that 
higher  group  of  judges  which  represents  the  conscience  of  the  world,  that 
this  work  which  we  to-day  commit  to  history  is  free  from  taint,  that  good 
men  shall  say  it  was  honest.  The  managers  of  future  Centennial  celebra- 
tions to  be  held  on  these  grounds  will  see  and  do  things  more  wonderful 


REPORT  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  gj 

than  our  wildest  dreams,  and  the  remnants  of  our  finest  things  may  be  ex-  closing 
hibited  by  them  as  proofs  of  the  rudeness  of  early  days ;  but  in  the  records 
we  have  made,  the  full  measure  of  our  manhood  will  go  down  to  them 
untouched  by  the  gnawing  tooth  of  Time. 

Of  the  Exhibition  now  to  be  numbered  with  the  things  of  the  past  it  is 
difficult  to  speak.  The  nations  are  here  ;  they  have  made  this  great  spec- 
tacle what  it  is,  and  they  deserve  the  gratitude  of  the  American  people. 
While  they  have  taught  much,  they  have  also  learned  something;  and  they 
have  seen  in  the  crowds  of  American  citizens  of  all  occupations  and  con- 
ditions of  life,  who  have  thronged  these  grounds,  a  polite,  orderly,  self- 
respecting,  and  self-governing  people.  So  far  as  their  representatives  have 
entered  into  our  social  life,  we  will  hope  they  have  found  that  what  may  be 
lacking  in  form  is  made  up  in  substance;  that  the  simplicity  of  republican 
manners  is  dignified  by  the  sentiment  of  good  will  to  men. 

The  Exhibition  was  opened  by  starting  in  motion  the  Corliss  engine, 
that  giant  of  wonder  to  all,  which  for  six  months,  with  equal  pulse,  without 
haste,  without  rest,  has  propelled  an  endless  system  of  belts  and  wheels. 
Silent  and  irresistible,  it  affects  the  imagination  as  realizing  the  fabled 
powers  of  genii  and  afrite  in  Arabian  tales,  and,  like  them,  it  is  subject  to 
subtile  control.  When  these  our  ceremonies  here  are  ended,  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  by  the  motion  of  his  hand,  will  make  the  lightning 
his  messenger  to  stop  the  revolution  of  its  wheels,  and  at  the  same  instant 
to  tell  the  world  that  the  International  Exhibition,  which  marked  the  Cen- 
tennial of  American  national  life,  is  closed. 


ADDRESS 

BY  JOHN  WELSH. 

FELLOW-CITIZENS: — In  this  closing  scene  of  the  International  Exhibition 
I  may  well  give  expression  to  the  grateful  emotions  which  swell  my  heart, 
that  all  who  have  shared  in  the  labor  of  its  preparation  and  conduct,  in 
your  approval  of  it,  meet  their  coveted  reward.  The  predictions  of  evil 
which  were  made  of  it — and  by  many  in  high  places — have  not  been  real- 
ized. The  nation  has  not  been  dishonored.  The  good  name  of  its  people 
has  not  been  imperiled.  This  day  witnesses  that  the  noble  purpose  of  its 
projectors  has  been  accomplished.  It  has  hallowed  the  Centennial  year  by 
an  inspiration  of  the  past.  The  circumstances  attendant  on  the  nation's 
birth  have  been  recalled.  The  patriotic  impulses  of  the  people  have  been 
quickened.  Their  love  for  their  country  has  been  strengthened. 

The  Exhibition  has  concentrated  here  specimens  of  the  varied  products 
of  the  United  States  and  made  better  known  to  us  our  vast  resources.  It 
has  brought  to  us  the  representatives  of  many  nations,— men  skilled,  accom- 
plished, and  experienced, — and  they  have  brought  with  them  stores  of 
treasures  in  all  the  forms  given  to  them  by  long-practiced  industry  and  art. 

13 


^8  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Closing  And  others  are  here  from  new  lands,  even  younger  than  our  own,  giving 

Ceremonies,  f^jj  promjse  of  a  bright  and  glorious  future.  It  has  placed  side  by  side,  for 
comparison,  the  industries  of  the  world.  In  viewing  them  the  utilitarian 
revels  in  the  realization  that  man  is  striving  earnestly  to  make  all  things 
contribute  to  his  convenience  and  comfort;  the  philosopher  stands  in  awe 
at  their  contemplation  as  he  dwells  upon  the  cherished  thought  of  the  pos- 
sible unity  of  nations  ;  and  he  who  looks  on  the  grandeur  of  the  scene  from 
a  spiritual  stand-point  is  filled  with  the  hope  that  the  day  is  near  "when 
the  glory  of  the  Lord  shall  cover  the  earth  as  the  waters  cover  the  sea." 

It  has  taught  us  in  what  others  excel,  and  excited  our  ambition  to  strive 
to  equal  them.  It  has  taught  others  that  our  first  century  has  not  been 
passed  in  idleness,  and  that,  at  least  in  a  few  things,  we  are  already  in  the 
advance.  It  has  proved  to  them  and  to  us  that  national  prejudices  are  as 
unprofitable  as  they  are  unreasonable ;  that  they  are  hindrances  to  progress 
and  to  welfare,  and  that  the  arts  of  peace  are  most  favorable  for  advancing 
the  condition,  the  power,  and  the  true  greatness  of  a  nation.  It  has  been 
the  occasion  of  a  delightful  union  among  the  representatives  of  many  na- 
tions, marked  by  an  intelligent  appreciation  of  each  other,  rich  in  instruc- 
tion and  fruitful  in  friendships.  It  has  placed  before  our  own  people,  as  a 
school  for  their  instruction,  a  display — vast  and  varied  beyond  precedent — 
comprising  the  industries  of  the  world,  including  almost  every  product  known 
to  science  and  to  art. 

It  has  made  the  country  and  its  institutions  known  to  intelligent  repre- 
sentatives of  all  nations.  They  have  had  access  to  our  homes,  have  become 
familiar  with  our  habits,  have  studied  our  systems  of  education,  observed 
the  administration  of  our  laws,  and  will  hereafter  understand  why  the 
United  States  of  America  exerts  so  large  an  influence  on  other  nations, 
and,  consequently,  the  great  truth  that  in  proportion  to  the  intelligence 
and  freedom  of  a  people  is  their  loyalty  to  their  government. 

It  has  concentrated  on  this  spot,  in  the  short  term  of  six  months,  eight 
millions  of  visitors,  who  have  enjoyed  all  its  rare  privileges  without  a  dis- 
turbance or  any  personal  hindrance  from  violence  or  even  rudeness.  It 
has  exhibited  the  American  people  in  their  true  character,  respectful  of 
each  other's  rights,  considerate  of  each  other's  convenience,  and  desirous 
of  allowing  to  others  a  full  participation  in  their  enjoyment.  It  has  afforded 
an  opportunity  to  show  that  the  administration  of  an  exhibition  on  a  grand 
scale  may  be  liberal  in  its  expenditure  without  useless  extravagance;  that 
its  laws  may  be  strictly  enforced  with  impartiality  and  without  harshness; 
that  its  regulations  may  secure  the  efficiency  of  its  departments  and  uni- 
formity in  their  action ;  that  its  whole  course  has  been  free  from  financial 
embarrassment  or  even  a  payment  deferred  ;  and  that,  notwithstanding 
every  part  of  its  machinery  was  in  constant  motion,  no  one  of  the  immense 
throng  within  the  limits  of  the  Exhibition  was  sensible  of  its  restraint. 

It  has  shown  that  the  authorities  of  the  great  city  in  which  the  Exhibition 
has  been  held  have  been  actuated  by  a  single  eye  to  the  promotion  of  the 


KEPORT  OF   THE   PRESIDENT.  ^ 

public  convenience.     That,  under  their  supervision,  facilities  of  every  kind  closing 
have  been   provided,  property  has  been   protected,  good  order  has  been  Cere 
preserved,  unusual  health  has  prevailed,  and  extortion  in  its  varied  forms 
has  been  almost  unknown  :    these,  combined  with  the  unlimited   accom- 
modations for  visitors  and  the  hospitality  of  its  citizens,  are  in  beautiful 
harmony  with  the  purposes  of  the  Exhibition.     Nor  has  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania been  less  in  sympathy.     The  traditions  connected  with  its  soil  are 
its  priceless  heritage. 

The  International  Exhibition  is  to  be  regarded  as  a  reverential  tribute  to 
the  century  which  has  just  expired.  That  century  has  been  recalled.  Its 
events  have  been  reviewed.  Its  fruits  are  gathered.  Its  memories  are  hal- 
lowed. Let  us  enter  on  the  new  century  with  a  renewed  devotion  to  our 
country,  with  the  highest  aims  for  its  honor  and  for  the  purity,  integrity, 
and  welfare  of  its  people. 

On  the  Exhibition  the  curtain  is  now  about  to  fall.  When  it  has  fallen, 
the  wonderful  creation,  in  the  beauties  of  which  we  have  so  long  been 
reveling,  will  have  passed  away.  Looking  round  upon  it  now,  while  the 
scene  still  glows  with  its  grandeur,  and  our  senses  are  rejoicing  in  its  de- 
lights, I  desire  to  assure  all  who  have  contributed  towards  its  production 
that  there  is  at  least  one  who  bears  in  grateful  remembrance  whatever  they 
have  done.  It  may  have  been  an  humble  prayer,  the  earnings  of  hard  toil, 
out  of  their  abundance,  or  the  devotion  of  years  of  intelligent  labor — it 
matters  not.  The  little  brooks  and  the  rivers  alike  make  up  the  mighty 
ocean.  To  all — at  home  and  abroad — who  have  helped  us  forward  ;  to  the 
sovereigns  and  Governments  of  other  countries  who  have  countenanced  and 
encouraged  us;  to  their  representatives  who  have  worked  so  nobly  in  our 
cause ;  to  the  exhibitors  of  our  own  and  other  lands,  who  have  done  more 
than  can  be  expressed;  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
for  its  generous  and  timely  aid ;  and  especially  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  for  his  unwavering  support  and  encouragement, 
are  due  the  grateful  acknowledgments  of  the  nation.  Would  that  I  were 
authorized  to  make  such  acknowledgments  here,  or  that  my  own  had  the 
value  in  them  to  make  them  acceptable  to  them  all,  from  the  humblest  to 
the  highest ! 

And  now,  to  my  fellow-laborers  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Com- 
mission, and  of  my  more  immediate  associates  in  the  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance,  I  need  only  say  that  our  work  has  its  place  in  the  annals  of  the 
nation.  If  the  memories  of  it  be  pleasant  to  our  countrymen,  we  have 
done  well. 

ADDRESS 

BY   ALFRED   T.  GOSHORX. 

MR.  PRESIDENT: — The  bright  sunlight  that  came  last  May  to  greet  the 
opening  hour  of  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876  was  a  propitious  omen. 


100  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Closing  Those  who  had  labored  from  its  inception  to  place  before  the  world  in  a 

proper  manner  an  enterprise  in  which  great  expectations  and  interests  were 
concentrated,  were  encouraged  and  strengthened  in  their  work.  If  has  since 
prospered  and  won  the  favor  of  general  commendation.  Millions  of  people 
have  come  hither  to  enjoy  the  teachings  of  a  school  that  has  laid  the  foun- 
dations for  more  liberal  thought  and  for  a  more  extended  knowledge  of  the 
social,  industrial,  and  political  elements  that  contribute  to  the  welfare  of 
man.  The  beneficial  results  that  will  ensue  from  these  teachings  cannot  be 
over-estimated. 

This  Exhibition  has  been  a  great  educator.  It  has  given  the  people  of  other 
nations  new  and  correct  ideas  of  the  resources  and  institutions  of  America. 
It  has  given  the  people  of  America  enlarged  information  of  the  arts,  prod- 
ucts, and  wealth  of  the  participating  nations.  It  has  also  augmented  and 
strengthened  social  and  commercial  relations,  between  nations,  which  are 
results  of  high  importance,  and  may  be  considered  a  happy  consummation 
of  the  objects  of  this  international  work.  Had  it  accomplished  less  than 
this  it  would  have  failed  of  the  hopes  of  its  projectors. 

But  the  hour  has  arrived  when  we  must  dismantle  these  buildings  and 
take  our  departure.  Having  been  for  almost  four  years  intimately  con- 
nected with  the  internal  and  external  administration  of  this  work,  I  feel 
that  we  have  abundant  cause  for  congratulation  that  the  close  of  our  labors 
terminates  in  the  midst  of  a  success  that  is  manifestly  satisfactory  to  our 
country  and  approved  by  the  patriotism  of  our  people.  In  this  great  under- 
taking we  have  had  from  the  beginning  the  zealous  co-operation  and  faithful 
services  of  both  the  officials  and  the  exhibitors  in  the  various  departments, 
to  whom  we  are  pleased  in  this  manner  and  on  this  important  occasion  to 
acknowledge  our  indebtedness. 

To  our  friends,  the  foreign  Commissioners  and  foreign  exhibitors,  I  am 
glad  of  another  opportunity  to  express  and  repeat  our  most  cordial  greet- 
ings and  thanks  for  the  valuable  part  they  have  taken  in  this  Exhibition. 
Without  such  co-operation  it  could  not  have  attained  the  dignity  and 
interest  which  has  so  profoundly  affected  the  people  of  the  United  States. 
Your  presence,  gentlemen,  has  been  accepted  by  the  people  of  this  country 
as  a  mission  of  international  good  will  and  fraternal  intercourse.  I  pray 
you,  therefore,  to  carry  with  you  a  conviction  of  the  appreciation  and 
friendly  feelings  of  this  government  and  this  people  toward  you  for  your 
honorable  and  successful  co-operation. 

I  also  have  the  pleasure  to  congratulate  my  fellow-citizens,  the  exhibitors 
from  the  United  States.  You  have  contributed  abundantly  of  the  rich  prod- 
ucts of  the  soil  and  mines  and  of  your  own  ingenious  and  skillful  workman- 
ship; you  have  won  fresh  honors  in  every  department,  and  have  revealed  and 
made  better  known  to  our  own  people  and  to  the  world  your  strength  and 
progress  and  the  vast  resources  at  your  command.  Your  contributions  and 
intelligent  co-operation  entitle  you  to  claim  a  large  share  both  of  the  credit 
and  benefits  of  the  Exhibition.  If  the  influences  of  this  Exhibition  should 


REPORT  OJ<'   THE   PRESIDENT.  1OI 

discourage  all   inclinations  to  the  showy  and  superficial  and  elevate  the  Cio«ing 
standard  of  quality  and  workmanship,  and  thereby  add  to  the  intrinsic 
merits  and  values  of  our  products,  it  will  produce  its  legitimate  results  and 
justify  the  expenditures  of  thought  and  treasure  that  have  been  lavished 
upon  it. 

But  I  cannot  conclude  without  alluding  to  the  efficient  and  faithful  work 
of  my  co-officials  and  of  my  personal  staff,  which  commands  my  highest 
acknowledgments  of  respect  and  esteem.  The  amount  of  labor  and  thought 
which  has  devolved  on  you,  gentlemen,  can  never  be  known,  nor  need  it 
be.  We  have  our  reward  in  the  consciousness  of  the  confidence  placed  in 
us  and  in  the  support  we  have  always  received  from  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission  and  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  and  from  the  numer- 
ous contributors  in  this  city  and  elsewhere  who  laid  the  foundations  of  this 
Exhibition,  and  from  the  public. 

The  characteristics  and  attractions  of  the  Exhibition  have  been  made 
known  by  leading  journals  throughout  the  world  to  thousands  of  readers, 
and  these  records  constitute  one  of  its  most  instructive  and  durable  features. 
It  affords  me  pleasure  to  take  this  opportunity  of  expressing  to  the  press  of 
the  entire  country,  and  especially  of  this  city,  my  warm  appreciation  of  the 
unremitting  zeal  and  earnestness  with  which  they  have  seconded  the  labors 
of  the  Commission  and  urged  the  claims  of  the  Exhibition  upon  the  atten- 
tion of  the  public. 

And  now,  Mr.  President,  with  the  close  of  this  day  another  International 
Exhibition  will  be  concluded  and  added  to  the  records  of  the  past.  But  it 
will  not  be  ended, — it  will  rather  have  only  begun.  The  real  exhibition  we 
have  striven  for  is  not  limited  to  the  display  of  material  products,  which, 
however  pleasing,  must  be  brief.  The  teachings,  the  social  and  moral  in- 
fluences, the  improvements  in  the  productive  powers  of  genius  and  inventive 
knowledge,  constitute  in  part  the  object  and  aim.  May  these  be  fully 
realized  as  the  legitimate  results  of  this  Exhibition! 


ADDRESS 

BY   JOSEPH    R.  HAWLEV. 

The  final  day  of  the  Exhibition  has  arrived.  Four  years  and  a  half  ago 
the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  representing  every  State  and 
Territory,  was  organized  to  celebrate  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  our 
national  independence  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  arts, 
manufactures,  and  products  of  the  soil  and  mine.  Congress  deemed  it 
fitting  that  the  completion  of  the  first  century  of  our  existence  should  be 
commemorated  by  a  presentation  of  the  natural  resources  of  the  country 
and  their  development,  and  of  its  progress  in  those  arts  which  benefit  man- 
kind in  comparison  with  those  of  older  nations. 

Happily  the  United  States  were  and  are  at  peace  with  the  whole  world. 


IO2  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

dosing  International  Exhibitions  have  become  an  established  factor  in  modern 

Ceremonies,  civilization,  but  connected  with  this  one  were  features  of  peculiar  and 
local  interest.  They  have  not  interfered  with  its  progress, — indeed,  the 
acceptances  of  other  nations,  and  the  very  friendly  congratulatory  letters 
addressed  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  on  the  occasion  of  the 
celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July,  show  that  they  have  rather  given  an 
opportunity  for  expressions  of  cordial  good  will  that  have  given  very  great 
pleasure  to  the  whole  American  people. 

There  were  many  and  great  difficulties  in  the  path  of  the  enterprise,  the 
usual  misapprehensions,  the  disturbed  condition  of  business  and  finance  at 
home  and  abroad,  and  the  slow  conversion  of  a  public  sentiment,  which, 
in  the  earlier  days,  feared  that  justice  might  not  be  done  to  American  re- 
sources and  capabilities.  We  recall  the  hours  of  uncertainty  and  dis- 
couragement solely  that  we  may  felicitate  ourselves  upon  results  that  have 
answered  the  hopes  and  predictions  of  the  most  sanguine. 

The  Exhibition  has  given  us  a  better  comprehension  of  our  own  position 
and  progress.  We  expected  and  hoped  to  be  taught  our  shortcomings  in 
some  respects,  and  we  shall  profit  by  the  lessons.  And  yet  we  gather  from 
our  countrymen  the  general  impression  that  they  are  not  a  little  pleased  to 
see  how  well  our  productions  in  many  departments  have  borne  the  com- 
parisons to  which  they  have  been  subjected. 

Unquestionably  international  trade  and  commerce  will  be  promoted. 
Our  manufacturers,  mechanics,  and  artists  will  show  by  their  works  that 
they  have  been  close  students  of  the  admirable  exhibits  from  abroad.  The 
ingenuity  and  excellence  of  our  mechanics  and  inventors  will  be  made 
better  known.  A  higher  benefit  has  been  wrought.  The  bonds  of  peace 
have  been  strengthened.  Innumerable  ties  have  been  created  that  will  be 
strongly  felt  whenever  national  disagreements  are  threatened.  Our  people 
are  so  widely  scattered,  and  their  relations  have  been  so  seriously  disturbed, 
that  every  patriot  anxiously  desired  them  to  seize  this  great  occasion  to 
know  each  other  better,  that  they  may  love  each  other  more.  What  has 
been  done  toward  this  is  one  of  our  most  valuable  labors.  The  concurrent 
and  almost  wholly  harmonious  testimony  of  our  critics,  at  home  and  abroad, 
permits  us  to  feel  that  we  have  been  on  the  whole  largely  successful  in  all 
our  work.  This  commendatory  judgment  is  very  grateful  to  us.  My  asso- 
ciates have  given  expression  to  our  gratitude.  I  would  gladly  add  to  what 
they  have  said,  if  I  could.  The  Commission  thanks  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  the  National  Government,  and  especially  you, 
Sir,  our  honored  President.  It  thanks  the  foreign  Commissioners,  one  and 
all,  most  heartily.  It  thanks  the  exhibitors  of  all  nations.  It  thanks  the 
Women's  Centennial  Committee.  It  thanks  the  American  people,  whose 
conduct  here  has  commanded  unbroken  respect.  It  warmly  thanks  its 
associate  corporation,  the  Board  of  Finance.  Above  all,  it  reverently 
acknowledges  the  kind  favor  of  Heaven,  which  has  so  smiled  upon  us  that, 
while  we  turn  somewhat  sadly  from  these  scenes  of  great  labor  and  greater 


REPORT  OF   THE   PRESIDENT.  103 

** 

pleasure,  all  who  have  been  associated  here  may  feel  that  they  have  here  Closing 
done  something  to  advance  the  world  towards  the  better  day  coming.    God  Ceremonie»- 
be  praised  for  the  past !     God  send  us  all,  individuals  and  nations,  a  happy 
future  ! 

General  Hawley's  address  was  followed  by  the  performance  of  the 
national  air,  America,  by  the  orchestra,  accompanied  by  the  chorus 
and  the  audience.  At  this  moment,  Miss  Stafford  unfurled  above  the 
platform  the  American  flag  carried  on  Commodore  John  Paul  Jones's 
frigate,  the  Bon  Homme  Richard,  in  1779.  Miss  Stafford  owns  this 
flag,  by  Governmental  sanction,  as  the  daughter  of  Lieutenant  Stafford 
of  the  Bon  Homme  Richard. 

When  the  hymn  was  ended,  General  Hawley  said,  "  Mr.  President, 
we  await  your  pleasure." 

The  President  of  the  United  States,  rising,  said,  "  I  now  declare 
the  International  Exhibition  of  1876  closed."  The  presiding  officer 
said,  "  The  President  of  the  United  States  will  now  give  the  tele- 
graphic signal  to  stop  the  great  engine."  The  President  then  waved 
his  hand  to  the  operator,  and  the  engine  ceased  to  work  at  3.40  P.M. 

The  singing  of  the  Doxology  by  the  audience  and  chorus  ended 
the  ceremony,  and,  the  audience  standing,  the  President  of  the  United 
States  and  his  suite  left  the  Hall,  escorted  as  at  their  entrance. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY. 


14 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY. 


THE  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION. 


An  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,   1871,  directed  that  the  Centennial 
Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  should  C 
be  celebrated  by  holding  at  Philadelphia  an  International  Exhibition 

International 

of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine.*     The  Exhibition. 
Exhibition  was  opened  in  Fairmount  Park,  Philadelphia,  on  May  10, 
and  closed  on  November  10,  1876. 


CREATION  OF  THE  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 


movements. 


Your  Secretary  believes  that  the  first  suggestion  that  the  Centen-  Initial 
nial  Celebration  ought  to  involve  an  International  Exhibition,  held  at  ,866. 
Philadelphia,  was  made  in  a  letter  written  by  him  in   :866  to  Mr. 
Morton  McMichael,  then  Mayor  of  Philadelphia.     Subsequently,  I 
again  called  Mayor  McMichael's  attention  to  the  subject,  and  he  con-  1863. 
ferred  upon  it  with  a  number  of  influential  citizens  of  Philadelphia, 
most  of  them  members  of  the  Franklin   Institute.      This  led  to  the 
formation   of  a   committee   of  citizens,  who    invited    Mr.   Daniel    J.  April.  1869. 
Morrell,  then  member  of  Congress  from   Pennsylvania,  to  join  them 
in  the  consideration  of  measures  to  promote  an   International    Ex- 
hibition. 

The  first  legislative  action  in  the  matter  began  with  Mr.  John   L. 
Shoemaker's  presentation  to  the  Select  Council  of  Philadelphia  of  a  Jan-*>  1870. 
communication  from  a  committee  of  the  Franklin   Institute,  which 
recited  the  propriety  of  commemorating  the  anniversary  by  an  Intcr- 

*  The  full  text  of  the  Act  is  printed  in  Appendix  C,  page  101. 

107 


IOS  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

initial  national   Exhibition  at  Fairmount  Park,  and   requested   Councils  to 

memorialize  Congress  to  extend  suitable  aid.*  Mr.  Shoemaker  then 
offered  resolutions  embodying  the  recommendations  of  the  communi- 
cation. These  were  immediately  and  unanimously  adopted  by  the 

jan.  27, 1870.  Select  Council,  as  they  were  a  week  later  by  the  Common  Council, 
and  a  joint  committee  from  both  chambers  was  appointed  to  present 
the  resolutions  to  Congress  and  solicit  its  requisite  legislation. f 

Soon  after,  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania  took  similar  action  and 
appointed  a  similar  committee.  These  two  committees  united  with 
one  named  by  the  Franklin  Institute;  and  the  joint  committee,  under 
the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  J.  L.  Shoemaker,  and  accompanied  by  Mr. 

Feb.  24, 1870.  Daniel  M.  Fox,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  waited  upon  Congress  and 
presented  their  memorial  to  the  Committee  on  Manufactures,  to  whom 
it  was  referred. | 

The  definite  proposal  to  hold  an  International  Exhibition  instantly 
elicited  the  emulation  of  different  sections  of  the  country ;  and  the 
representatives  of  many  cities,  ignoring  the  historical  claim  put  for- 
ward by  Philadelphia,  sought  its  location  with  themselves.  For  a  long 
time  this  opposition  prevented  the  legislation  desired  of  Congress. 
During  the  interval  thus  occasioned  much  work  was  done  in  Phila- 
delphia by  those  interested  in  the  celebration,  and  the  Mayor  addressed 

April  6, 1870.  to  the  chairman  of  the  Congressional  Committee  on  Manufactures  an 
invitation  to  visit  Philadelphia,  examine  its  manufacturing  industries, 
and  consider  its  advantages  as  the  site  of  an  International  Exhibition. 

May  12,  i87o.  This  invitation  was  accepted,  and  the  Committee  on  Manufactures, 
accompanied  by  many  members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 

june  16,1870.  sentatives,  visited  Philadelphia  and  inspected  Fairmount  Park,  as 
well  as  representative  manufacturing  establishments  of  the  city.  The 
result  of  their  examination  was  to  secure  their  recommendation  of 
Philadelphia  as  the  site  of  the  Exhibition ;  but  the  opposition  from 
rival  cities  was  still  sufficient  to  delay  legislative  action,  and  ultimately 
to  couple  with  the  Act  an  amendment  prohibiting  the  appropriation 
which  was  deemed  essential  to  the  success  of  the  Exhibition. 

Centennial  Xhe  Act,  however,  was  duly  passed  and  approved,  declaring  that 

March's*  1871.  the  Exhibition  should  be  held  in  Philadelphia  in  1876,  under  the 
direction  of  a  Centennial  Commission,  whose  members  should  be 


*  The  full  text  of  the  communication  of  the  Franklin  Institute  is  printed  in  Appendix 
D,  page  197. 

f  The  full  text  of  the  resolutions  of  the  Philadelphia  City  Councils  is  printed  in  Ap- 
pendix D,  page  197. 

£  The  full  text  of  the  memorial  of  the  joint  committee  is  printed  in  Appendix  E, 
page  237. 


REPORT  OF   THE   SECRETARY.  109 

nominated  by  the  Governors  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  and  Centennial 
confirmed  by  the  President.*  %™1 

In  accordance  with  these  provisions,  the  Secretary  of  State  invited 
the  Governors  of  all  the  States  and  Territories  to  nominate  Commis- 
sioners, to  be  confirmed  by  the  President.  The  terms  of  the  Act, 
however,  prevented  the  Commission  from  meeting  in  less  than  a 
year  from  the  date  of  its  approval. f  On  the  earliest  day  possible  the  March  4,1372 
Commissioners  met  at  Philadelphia,  in  Independence  Hall,  twenty- 
nine  Commissioners  being  present,  representing  twenty-seven  States 
and  Territories, — and  the  Commission  was  duly  organized.  Before 
the  close  of  the  session,  which  lasted  for  eight  days,  three  other  Com-  ^ch<-". 
missioners  presented  themselves,  making  a  total  representation  of 
thirty-two  Commissioners  from  twenty-eight  States  and  Territories.]; 
The  list  of  Commissioners  officially  accredited  at  this  time  was  as 
follows,  those  whose  names  are  prefixed  by  parallels  (||)  having  been 
present  at  the  first  session  of  the  Commission  :§ 

UNITED    STATES   CENTENNIAL   COMMISSION. 

MARCH,  1872. 
States  and  Territories.  Commissioners.  Alternates. 

Alabama      ....  ||WM.  M.  BYRD,  JAS.  L.  COOPER. 

Arizona   .....  R.  C.  McCoRMiCK,        JOHN  WASSON, 

Arkansas      ....  E.  W.  GANTT,  ALEX.  MCDONALD. 

California     .     .     .     .  ||J.  D.  CREIGH,  JOHN  MIDDLETON. 

Colorado ||J.  MARSHALL  PAUL,      N.  C.  MEEKER. 

Connecticut  ....  ||  JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  ||WM.  PHIPPS  BLAKE. 
«                                          — _ — . . 

*  For  the  full  text  of  the  Act,  see  Appendix  C,  page  101. 

f  See  Section  3  of  the  Act,  Appendix  C,  page  101. 

J  For  an  abstract  of  the  proceedings  of  this  and  subsequent  sessions  of  the  Commission, 
see  Appendix  A,  page  I. 

\  The  names  of  the  Commissioners  appointed  were  communicated,  from  the  records  of 
the  Department  of  State  at  Washington,  with  the  following  letter  from  the  Secretary  of 
State  : 

"  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE,  WASHINGTON,  March  i,  1872. 

"JOHN  L.  SHOEMAKER,  ESQ., 

"  Chairman  of  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  Committee,  6n  Vine  Street,  Philadelphia 
"SiR, — In  compliance  with  the  request  contained  in  your  letter  of  the  twenty-ninth 
ultimo,  I  enclose  herewith  a  list  of  all  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  date  to  represent 
the  States  and  Territories  at  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  to  be 
held  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  in  1876,  with  Jheir  residences,  so  far  as  the  Department 
has  been  informed. 

"  I  am,  sir, 

"  Your  obedient  servant, 

"HAMILTON   FISH." 


110 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Centennial 


Slates  and  7"errifori 


Commissioners. 


Dakota ||  G.  A.  BATCHELDER, 

Delaivare      ....       WM.  T.  READ, 

District  of  Columbia  .  ||JAS.  E.  DEXTER, 

Florida J.  S.  ADAMS, 

Georgia    .....  T.  HARDEMAX,  JR., 

Idaho       .....  THOS.  DONALDSON, 

Indiana ||  J.  L.  CAMPBELL, 

Iowa ||  ROBT.  LOWRY, 

Kansas J.  A.  MARTIN, 

Louisiana     ....  ||JoHN  LYNCH, 

Maine ||  JOSHUA  NYE, 


Maryland 
Massachusetts  . 
Michigan      .     . 
Minnesota     .     . 
Mississippi    . 
Montana  .     .     . 
Nebraska 
Nevada   .     .     . 
New  Hampshire 
New  Jersey 
New  Mexico 
New  York 


WM.  P.  SMITH, 

J.  W.  EDMANDS, 
||  JAMES  BIRNEY, 

J.  F.  WILLIAMS, 
||  O.  C.  FRENCH. 

WM.  H.  CLAGETT, 
||  H.  S.  MOODY, 

WM.  WIRT  McCoY. 

EZEKIEL  A.  STRAW, 
||  O.  CLEVELAND, 

E.  W.  LITTLE. 

J.  V.  L.  PRUYN, 

ALFRED  DOCKERY, 


North  Carolina 

Ohio ||  HENRY  PROBASCO, 

Oregon JAS.  W.  VIRTUE, 

Pennsylvania     ....[]  DAN'L.  J.  MORRELL, 

Rhode  Island    ...  ||  GEO.  H.  CORLISS, 
South  Carolina      .     .       JAMES  L.  ORR, 

Tennessee      ....  T.  H.  COLDWELL. 

Texas       .     .     .     .     .  ||WM.  H.  PARSONS. 

Utah II J-  H.  WICKIZER, 

Vermont ||  J.  N.  BAXTER, 

Virginia ||W.  W.  WOOD. 

Washington  Territory       ELWOOD  EVANS, 
West  Virginia  .     .     .       ALEX.  R.  BOTELER, 

Wisconsin     ....  ||  DAVID  ATWOOD, 
Wyoming     ....       H.  LATHAM, 


Alternates. 

||  SOLOMON  L.  SPINK. 

JOHN  H.  RODNEY. 

L.  A.  GOBRIGHT. 

J.  T.  BERNARD. 
||  LEWIS  WALN  SMITH. 

JAS.  S.  REYNOLDS. 
||  D.  M.  BOYD,  JR. 

COKER  F.  CLARKSON. 

GEO.  A.  CRAWFORD. 

T.  C.  ANDERSON. 

C.  P.  KIMBALL. 

J.  W.  DAVIS. 

WM.  B.  SPOON ER. 

C.  B.  GRANT. 

W.  W.  FOLWELL. 

H.  L.  WARREN. 
R.  W.  FURNAS. 

ASA  P.  CATE. 
||  JOHN  G.  STEVENS. 

||CHAS.  H.  MARSHALL. 

JON.  W.  ALBERTSON. 

W.  W.  GRIFFITH. 

A.  J.  DUFUR. 
||  ASA  PACKER. 

SAMUEL  POWEL. 

A.  CAMERON. 
||\VM.  F.  PROSSER. 

WM.  H.  PITTS. 
HENRY  CHASE. 

ALEX.  S.  ABERNETHY. 
||  ANDREW  J.  SWEENEY. 

E.  D.  HOLTON. 
II  ROBT.  H.  LAMBORN. 


NOTE. — Ultimately  all  the  States  and  Territories  were  represented  in  the  Centennial 
Commission.  The  subjoined  list  contains  the  names  of  those  who  have  at  any  time  been 
Commissioners, — the  names  of  members  at  the  time  of  the  Exhibition  being  printed  in 
Roman  type,  those  of  ex-members  in  italics. 


REPORT  OF   THE   SECRETARY.  IM 

UNITED   STATES   CENTENNIAL   COMMISSION.  Centennial 

Loin  mission, 
1872-76.  .872-76. 

States  emit  Ttrritories.  Commissioners.  Alternates. 

Alabama William  M.  Byrd (died,  1874). 

RICHARD  M.  NELSON,  Sehna.       JAMES  L.  COOPER,  Huntsville. 

Arizona R I  c  H  A  R  o  C.  M  c Co  R  M I  c  K,     JOHN  WASSON,  Tucson. 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Arkansas      ....      E.  W.  Gantt  (died,  1874).  Alexander  Me  Donald  ( resigned, 

1874). 
GEORGE  W.   LAWRENCE,    Hot     GEORGE  E.  DODGE,  Liule  Rock. 

Springs. 

California     .     .     .      .     J.  DUNBAR  CRE1GH,  San  Fran-      John  Middlcton  (died,  1873). 
cisco.  BENJAMIN    P.    KOOSER,   Santa 

Cruz. 

Colorado J.  MARSHALL  PAUL,  Fair  Play.      N.  C.  MEEKER,  Greeley. 

Connecticut  ....     JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  Hartford.     WILLIAM    P.    BLAKE,    New 

Haven. 

Dakota G.    A.    Batchelder    (resigned, 

died,  1874). 

JOHN  A.  BURBANK,  Springfield.     SOLOMON  L.  SPINK,  Yankton. 
Delaware      ....      William  F.  Read  (<\\z&,  1873). 
Henry  F.  Askew  (died,  1875). 
JOHN  K.  KANE,  Wilmington.          John     //.     Rodney    (resigned, 

1876). 

OESAR  A.  RODNEY,  Wilming- 
ton. 

District  of  Columbia  .     JAMES  E.  DEXTER,  Washington.     LAWRENCE  A.  GOBRIGHT, 

Washington. 

Florida J.  S.  Adams  (resigned,  1875). 

T.  W.  OSBORNE,  New  York.          J.  T.  BERNARD,  Tallahassee. 

Georgia Thomas    Hardeman,    Jr.    (re-     Lewis    Wain  Smith  (resigned, 

signed,  1873).  1874). 

GEORGE  HILI.YER,  Atlanta.  RICHARD  PETERS,  JR.,  Atlanta. 

Idaho THOMAS      DONALDSON,     Boise     James    S.    Reynolds  (resigned, 

City.  1874). 

CHR ISTOPII KR  W.  MOORE,  Boise 
City. 

Illinois FREDERICK     L.     MATTHEWS,     LAWRENCE   WELDON,    Blooin- 

Carlinville.  ington. 

Indiana JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Crawfords-     D.     M.    Boyd,    Jr.    (resigned, 

ville.  1873). 

FRANKLIN   C.  JOHNSON,  New 
Albany. 

/trwa ROBERT  LOWRY,  Davenport.         COKER  F.  CLARKSON,  Eldora. 

fCansas JOHN  A.  MARTIN,  Atchison.          GEORGE   A.   CRAWFORD,    Fort 

Scott. 

Kentucky      ....     ROBERT  MALLORY,  LaGrange.      SMITH  M.  HOBBS,  Mount  Wash- 
ington. 
Louisiana     ....     JOHN  LYNCH,  New  Orleans.  Thomas  C.  Anderson  (resigned, 

1872). 

EDWARD     PENINC.TON,    Phila- 
delphia. 


112 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION  1876. 


Centennial 

Commission, 

1872-76. 


States  and  Territories.  Commissioners. 

Maine      .     .     .     .     .     JOSHUA  NYE,  Augusta. 


Alternates. 
Charles   P.  Kimball  (resigned, 

1*75). 

CHAS.  H.  HASKELL,  Portland. 

William   Piescott  Smith  (died,  John      W.     Davis     (resigned, 

1872).  1873). 
James  T.  Earle(  resigned  ,  1875). 

JOHN    H.  B.  LATROBE,  Balti-  SAMUEL  M.  SHOEMAKER,  Balti- 

more. more. 
J.  Wiley  Edmands  (resigned, 

1872). 

GEORGE  B.  LORING,  Salem.  WILLIAM  B.  SPOONER,  Boston. 
James  Birney  (resigned,  1875). 

V.  P.  COLLIER,  Battle  Creek.  CLAUDIUS  B.  GRANT,  Houghton. 

J.    FLETCHER    WILLIAMS,    St.  W.  W.  FOLWELL,  Minneapolis. 

Paul. 

O.  C.  P'RENCH,  Jackson.  E.  D.  Frost  (resigned,  1872). 

M.  EDWARDS,  Gholson. 

JOHN  MCNEIL,  St.  Louis.  SAMUEL  HAYS,  St.  Louis. 

William    H.    Clagett  (resigned,  Henry    L.    Warren    (resigned, 

1874).  1873). 

JOSEPH  P.  WOOLMAN,  Helena.  PATRICK  A.  LARGEY,  Virginia 

City. 

HENRY  S.  MOODY,  Omaha.  R.  W.  FURNAS,  Brownsville. 

W.  W.  McCoY,  Eureka.  JAMES  W.  HAINES,  Genoa. 

EZEKIEL  A.  STRAW,  Manches-  Asa  P.  Gate  (died,  1874). 

ter.  M.  V.  B.  EDGERLY,  Manchester. 

ORESTES    CLEVELAND,    Jersey  JOHN  G.  STEVENS,  Trenton. 

City. 

ELDRIDGE  W.    LITTLE.   Santa  STEPHEN  B.  ELKINS,  Washing- 

Fe.  ton,  D.  C. 

John    V.  L.  Pruyn  (resigned,  Charles  H.  Marshall  (resigned, 

1873)-  1875). 

N.  M.  BECKWITH,  New  York  C.    P.    KIMBALL,    New    York- 

City.  City. 
Alf  red  Dockery  (resigned,^  2}. 

SAMUEL  F.  PHILLIPS,  Washing-  JONATHAN      W*     ALBERTSON, 

ton,  D.  C.  Hertford. 
HenryProbasco(\-es\gv\zd,i%'j2}. 

ALFRED   T.  GOSHORN,  Cincin-  WILSON  W.  GRIFFITH,  Toledo. 

nati. 

Oregon     .....     JAMES  W.  VIRTUE,  Baker  City.  ANDREW  J.  DUFUR,  Portland. 

DANIEL    J.    MORRELL,   Johns-  ASA  PACKER,  Mauch  Chunk. 

town  . 

GEORGE     H.   CORLISS,    Provi-  SatHue/Powe//  (resigned,  1874). 

dence.  ROYAL  C.  TAFT,  Providence. 
James  L.  Orr  (died,  1873). 

WILLIAM  GURNEY,  Charleston.  ARCHIBALD  CAMERON,  Charles- 

ton. 

THOMAS  H.  COLDWELL,  Shelby-  WILLIAM    F.    PROSSER,    Nash- 

ville. ville. 

Texas  ......     WM.  H.  PARSONS,  New  York.  JOHN  C.  CHEW,  New  York. 

Utah    ......     John   H.    Wickizer   (resigned,  William    H.    Pitts    (resigned, 

1875)-  l872)- 


Maryland 


Massachusetts    . 

Michigan  .. 
Minnesota  .  . 
Mississippi  .  . 

Missouri  .. 
Montana  .. 

Nebraska      .. 

Nevada 

Neiv  Hampshire 

New  Jersey  . 
New  Mexico  . 
Neiv  York  .. 

North  Carolina 
Ohio 


Pennsylvania 
Rhode  Island 
South  Carolina 

Tennessee      . 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY.  jj- 

Staffs  and  Territories.  Commissioners.  Alternates. 

Utah WILLIAM   HAYDON,  Salt  Lake     Oscar    G.    Sawyer    (resigned,  ^entcnnial 

^         V  »  Commission, 

City-  1874).  1873-76. 

William  Haydon  (made  Com- 
missioner, 1875). 
C.    R.  GILCHRIST,    Salt    Lake 
City. 

I'ermont John     N.     Baxter    (resigned, 

1872). 

MIDDLETON  GOLDSMITH,  Rut-     HENRY  CHASE,  Lyndon, 
land. 

Virginia Walter     W.     Wood  (resigned,     Edmund    A.    Bagwell  (died, 

1874).  1876). 

F.    W.    M.    HOLLIDAY,  Win-     M.  P.  HANDY,  Richmond. 

Chester. 
Washington  Territory    ELWOOD  EVANS,  Olympia.  ALEXANDER     S.    ABERNETHY, 

Cowlitz  County. 
West  Virginia  .     .     .     ALEXANDER  R.  BoTELER,  Shep-     ANDREW  J.  SWEENEY,  Wheel- 

herdstown.  ing. 

Wisconsin    ....     DAVID  ATWOOD,  Madison.  EDWARD  D.  HOLTON,  Milwau- 

kee. 
Wyoming      .     .     .     .     H.  Latham  (resigned,  1873). 

JOSEPH  M.  CAREV,  Cheyenne.       ROBERT  H.  LAMBORN,  Philadel- 
phia. 


The  officers  and  standing  committees,  at  the  time  of  the  Exhibition,  were  as  follows 

OFFICERS: 
President. — JOSEPH  R.  HAVVLEY,  Connecticut.  • 

VICE-PRESIDENTS  : 

First. — THOMAS  H.  COLDWELL,  Tennessee. 
Second. — MIDDLETON  GOLDSMITH,  Vermont. 
Third.— W.  W.  McCoY,  Nevada. 
Fourth.— F.  W.  M.  HOLLIDAY,  Virginia. 
Fifth. — ROBERT  MALLORY,  Kentucky. 
Sixth. — JOHN  A.  MARTIN,  Kansas. 

Director- General. — ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Ohio. 

Secretary.—  JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Indiana. 

Counsellor  and  Solicitor. — JOHN  L.  SHOEMAKER,  Philadelphia. 

Assistant  Secretaries. — MYER  ASCH,  DORSEY  GARDNER,  Philadelphia. 


EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE. 


DANIEL  J.  MORRELL,  Pennsylvania. 
ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Ohio. 
N.  M.  BECKWITH,  New  York. 
ALEXANDER  R.  BOTELER,  West  Virginia. 
R.  C.  McCoRMicK,  Arizona. 
JOHN  LYNCH,  Louisiana. 


C.  P.  KIMBALL,  New  York. 
S.  F.  PHILLIPS,  North  Carolina. 
GEORGE  B.  LORING,  Massachusetts. 
GEORGE  II.  CORLISS,  Rhode  Island. 
JOHN  II.  B.  LATROBF.,  Maryland. 
DAVID  ATWOOD,  Wisconsin. 


J.  T.  BERNARD,  Florida. 
15 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Centennial 

Commission, 

1872-76. 


STANDING  COMMITTEES. 


Tariffs  and  Transportation. 
O.  C.  FRENCH,  Mississippi. 
W.  H.  PARSONS,  Texas. 
W.  F.  PROSSER,  Tennessee. 
J.  M.  CAREY,  Wyoming. 
S.  M.  SHOEMAKER,  Maryland. 
T.  W.  OSBORN,  Florida. 
M.  V.  B.  EDGERLY,  New  Hampshire. 

Foreign  Affairs. 
J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Indiana. 
JOHN  G.  STEVENS,  New  Jersey. 
R.  H.  LAMBORN,  Wyoming. 
P.  A.  LARGEY,  Montana. 
G.  HILLYER,  Georgia. 
S.  B.  ELKINS,  New  Mexico. 
A.  J.  SWEENEY,  West  Virginia. 

Legislation. 
R.  C.  McCoRMiCK,  Arizona. 

E.  D.  HOLTON,  Wisconsin. 
W.  F.  PROSSER,  Tennessee. 

C.  W.  MOORE,  Idaho. 

F.  W.  M.  HOLLIDAY,  Virginia. 
GEO.  HILLYER,  Georgia. 
ROBERT  MALLORY,  Kentucky. 

Arts  and  Sciences. 
J.  H.  B.  LATROBE,  Maryland. 
W.  W.  FOLWELL,  Minnesota. 
S.  M.  HOBBS,  Kentucky. 
WILLIAM  HAYDON,  Utah. 
L.  A.  GOBRIGHT,  District  of  Columbia. 
JOHN  K.  KANE,  Delaware. 
E.  D.  HOLTON,  Wisconsin. 

History,  Literature,  and  Popular  Education. 

D.  ATWOOD,  Wisconsin. 

J.  F.  WILLIAMS,  Minnesota. 

E.  EVANS,  Washington  Territory. 
J.  A.  BURBANK,  Dakota. 

G.  E.  DODGE,  Arkansas. 
T.  W.  OSBORN,  Florida. 
JOHN  H.  RODNEY,  Delaware. 

Agriculture  and  Live  Stock. 
GEO.  B.  LORING,  Massachusetts. 
A.  J.  DUFUR,  Oregon. 
N.  C.  MEEKER,  Colorado. 
R.  MALLORY,  Kentucky. 
WM.  GURNEY,  South  Carolina. 
JAMES  E.  DEXTER,  District  of  Columbia. 
L.  WELDON,  Illinois. 


Horticulture  and  Floriculture. 
R.  Lo\VRY,  Iowa. 
T.  H.  COLDWELL,  Tennessee. 
J.  W.  HAINES,  Nevada. 

F.  C.  JOHNSON,  Indiana. 

G.  W.  LAWRENCE,  Arkansas. 
J.  C.  CHEW,  Texas. 

C.  R.  GILCHRIST,  Utah. 

Finance. 

ASA  PACKER,  Pennsylvania. 
R.  C.  TAFT,  Rhode  Island. 
JOHN  LYNCH,  Louisiana. 
T.  W.  OSBORN,  Florida. 
THOMAS  DONALDSON,  Idaho. 
R.  M.  NELSON,  Alabama. 
JOSHUA  NYE,  Maine. 

Ceremonies. 

GEO.  E.  DODGE,  Arkansas. 

GEO.  A.  CRAWFORD,  Kansas. 

J.  W.  ALBERTSON,  North  Carolina. 

R.  PETERS,  JR.,  Georgia. 

V.  P.  COLLIER,  Michigan. 

C.  H.  HASKELL,  Maine. 

HENRY  CHASE,  Vermont. 

Classification. 

W.  P.  BLAKE,  Connecticut. 
N.  M.  BECKWITH,  New  York. 
S.  HAYS,  Missouri. 

C.  P.  KIMBALL,  New  York. 
J.  A.  MARTIN,  Kansas. 

E.  PENINGTON,  Louisiana. 
R.  W.  FURNAS,  Nebraska. 

Manufactures. 
O.  CLEVELAND,  New  Jersey. 

D.  J.  MORRELL,  Pennsylvania. 

E.  A.  STRAW,  New  Hampshire. 
W.  B.  SPOONER,  Massachusetts. 
W.  W.  GRIFFITH,  Ohio. 
GEORGE  A.  CRAWFORD,  Kansas. 
H.  S.  MOODY,  Nebraska. 

Commerce. 

F.  L.  MATTHEWS,  Illinois. 
C.  B.  GRANT,  Michigan. 
J.  L.  COOPER,  Alabama. 
A.  J.  DUFUR,  Oregon. 
JOHN  McNEiL,  Missouri. 

A.  S.  ABERNETHY,  Washington  Territory 
JOHN  G.  STEVENS,  New  Jersey. 


KEPORT  OF   THE   SECRETARY. 


Mines  and  Mining. 
W.  W.  McCOY,  Nevada. 
THOS.  DONALDSON,  Idaho. 
J.  D.  CREIGH,  California. 
J.  WASSON,  Arizona. 
J.  M.  PAUL,  Colorado. 
SAMUEL  HAYS,  Missouri. 
J.  P.  WOOLMAN,  Montana. 


Fisheries  and  Fish  Culture. 
M.  GOLDSMITH,  Vermont. 
J.  W.  VIRTUE,  Oregon. 
C.  F.  CLARKSON,  Iowa. 
J.  C.  CHEW,  Texas. 
S.  L.  SPINK,  Dakota. 
BENJ.  P.  KOOSER,  California. 
W.  GURNEY,  South  Carolina. 


CREATION  OF  THE  CENTENNIAL  BOARD  OF 

FINANCE. 


When  the  Commission  had  organized,  it  found  itself  confronted  by  Finances, 
serious  difficulties,  the  gravest  of  which  was  its  entire  want  of  money. 
The  Act  of  Congress  creating  it  had  not  even  provided  for  the  meet- 
ing of  its  members,  whom  it  required  to  travel  from  every  portion  of 
the  country  to  Philadelphia:  it  had  distinctly  stipulated  "that  no 
compensation  for  services  shall  be  paid  to  the  Commissioners  or 
other  officers  provided  by  this  Act  from  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States ;  and  the  United  States  shall  not  be  liable  for  any  expenses 
attending  such  Exhibition,  or  by  reason  of  the  same."*  The  cost  of 
the  meeting  and  organization  of  the  Commission  had  been  provided 
by  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  whose  Councils  appropriated  to  the  local  00.26, 1871. 
committee  the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  for  that  purpose. 
The  Commission  perceived  the  impropriety  of  allowing  a  body  created 
for  the  conduct  of  a  national  celebration  to  become  a  burden  upon  the 
hospitality  of  a  single  city.  They  further  discovered  that  the  Act  of 
Congress  made  no  satisfactory  provision  enabling  them  to  raise  capital 
for  the  preparation  of  the  Exhibition.  They  were  aware  of  the  popu- 
lar disposition  to  discredit  any  enterprise  involving  the  expenditure 
of  public  moneys  ;  and  they  were  convinced  that  popular  subscriptions 
would  be  more  readily  forthcoming  if  the  stockholders  were  empow- 
ered to  elect  the  disbursers  of  the  funds.  They  accordingly  declined 
to  assume  any  responsibility  for  the  financial  management  of  the  Ex- 
hibition, and  intrusted  to  their  Executive  Committee  the  creation  of 

*  See  Section  7  of  the  Act,  Appendix  C,  page  102. 


Il6  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Finances.  an  auxiliary  body  who  should  take  charge  of  the  raising  and  expendi- 
ture of  money. 

After  the  adjournment  of  the  first  session  of  the  Commission,  the 

March-April,  Executive  Committee  held  a  session,  during  which  "  they  were  aided 
in  their  deliberations  by  the  counsel  of  several  members  of  the  Com- 
mission, not  members  of  the  Committee,  and  of  many  of  the  foremost 
citizens  of  the  city  [of  Philadelphia],  whose  advice  was  sought  and 
secured."*  As  the  result  of  these  conferences,  and  in  order  "to  give 
the  people  of  the  whole  country  equal  opportunity  to  contribute  funds 
for  Centennial  purposes,  place  the  enterprise  upon  a  fair  business  foot- 
ing, and  to  enable  those  who  furnish  the  means  to  have  a  voice  in  the 
management,  with  a  share  of  the  risks  and  profits,  it  was  concluded 
to  apply  to  Congress  for  the  charter  of  a  corporation  to  be  called 
the  '  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,'  which  should  have  power,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  to  raise  ten  millions  of 
dollars  upon  the  sale  of  stock,  and  upon  which  corporation  should  be 
devolved  all  the  duties  and  powers  necessary  to  conduct  the  work  to 
a  successful  issue."f  The  Executive  Committee,  accordingly,  sub- 
mitted to  Congress  the  form  of  an  Act  embodying  the  provisions  indi- 
cated,— this  form  having  previously  been  sent  to  each  Commissioner, 
with  a  request  that  he  should  name  for  corporators  "  prominent  busi- 
ness men  of  his  State  or  Territory,  of  marked  purity  and  intelligence, 
which  names,  or  so  far  as  they  were  furnished  in  time,  were  inserted  in 
the  bill ;  but  Congress" — so  continues  the  Report  of  the  Executive 
Committee — "substituted  other  names  for  corporators  when  the  bill 
came  before  it."J  The  Act,  as  amended,  passed  both  Houses  of 

*  See  Report  of  the  Executive  Committee,  May  23,  1872. 

f  See  last  reference. 

J  The  names  of  the  corporators  inserted  by  Congress  are  printed  in  the  Act  approved 
June  I,  1872,  Appendix  C,  page  103.  Those  named  by  the  Executive  Committee,  on  the 
nomination  of  the  Centennial  Commissioners,  were  as  follows  : 

Alabama. — Robert  M.  Patton,  Levi  W.  Lawler,  John  Reid,  John  W.  Durr,  Joseph  H. 
Bradley,  David  P.  Lewis,  James  Fitts,  G.  T.  McAfee. 

Arizona. — Levi  Bashford,  C.  T.  Hayden. 

Arkansas. — Frederick  Kramer,  Charles  Miller,  H.  P.  Coolidge. 

California. — William  Alvord,  Thomas  H.  Selby,  Peter  Donahoe,  Tyler  Curtis,  Richard 
Ogden,  Clans  Sprekles,  John  Bidwell,  Charles  Maclay,  Edgar  Mills,  William  C.  Ralston, 
A.  S.  Hallidie,  Milton  S.  Latham,  D.  Jarrett  White. 

Colorado. — Edward  M.  McCook,  Jerome  B.  Chaffee,  James  Archer,  Henry  M.  Teller, 
George  M.  Chillcott,  William  Gilpin. 

Connecticut. — Ward  Cheney,  Charles  Parker,  Charles  Benedict,  Nathaniel  Wheeler, 
John  W.  Slater,  Eli  Whitney. 

Dakota.— -C.  Thompson,  S.  B.  Stough,  Albert  Smith. 

Delaware. — Job  A.  Jackson,  Washington  Jones,  Edward  Belts,  Joshua  T.  Heald,  John 
W. 'Evans,  Abraham  Shannon,  James  H.  Russell,  John  Ponder. 


REPORT  OF   THE   SECRETARY.  u^ 

Congress,  and  was  approved  by  the  President;*  and  it  became  the  Finances, 
duty  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  provide  for  the  organization  Junei»l87*- 
of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. f 

District  of  Columbia.— -H.  D.  Cooke,  A.  R.  Shepherd,  N.  B.  Fugitt,  J.  L.  Home,  John 
O.  Evans,  R.  C.  Fox,  Moses  Kelly. 

Florida, — Ambler  D.  Griffith,  C.  Parkhurst,  Wm.  Curry,  J.  Brosnahan,  A.  Hopkins. 
Georgia, — H.  Brigham,  G.  E.  Thomas,  Jr.,  Octavus  Cohen,  John  McDearmid,  E.  W. 
Croker,  S.  T.  Coleman,  J.  B.  Ross. 

Idaho, — J.  W.  Griffin,  Morgan  Morgan. 

Illinois.— Wm.  F.  Coolbaugh,  Norman  B.  Judd,  Wm.  B.  Ogden,  J.  M.  Adsit,  H.  O. 
Armour,  D.  J.  Ely,  J.  W.  Bunn,  John  Williams,  George  Bruner,  Charles  Fisher,  John  C. 
Proctor,  L.  C.  Bull. 

Indiana,— W.  C.  DePau,  John  C.  Culbertson,  H.  C.  Newcomb,  John  S.  Newman, 
J.  P.  Siddall. 

Iowa, — B.  F.  Allen,  James  F.  Wilson,  James  M.  Tuttle. 
Kansas,—  John  J.  Ingalls,  C.  W.  Babcock. 
Louisiana. — John  S.  Walton,  John  G.  Gaines,  C.  H.  Slocomb. 

Massachusetts. — M.  F.  Dickinson,  Jr.,  John  G.  Drake,  Samuel  Abbott  Green,  Win.  S. 
Appleton,  Francis  B.  Hayes,  James  Savage,  Charles  W.  Upham,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes, 
Samuel  Foster  Haven,  Charles  Deane,  Lorenzo  Sabine,  Edmund  Hamilton  Sears,  Charles 
Brooks,  James  Russell  Lowell. 

Maine. — Samuel  F.  Hersey,  Charles  P.  Kimball. 

Maryland. — Enoch  Pratt,  George  E.  Franklin,  Wm.  R.  Goodman,  James  Andrews, 
Horace  Abbott,  F.  L.  Brauns,  A.  S.  Abell,  Alex.  Brown. 
Michigan. — R.  A.  Alger,  J.  A.  Jerome,  George  F.  Bagley. 
Minnesota. — Russell  Blakeley,  Dorilus  Morrison. 

Missouri. — Wm.  G.  Elliot,  Matthew  Foster,  C.  F.  Lohman,  Beauvais  Reno,  Samuel  C. 
Davis. 

Mississippi.— A.  Warner,  Jo'.n  A.  Klein,  Thos.  E.  Helm,  J.  A.  Miller,  W.  J.  Sykes. 
Montana, — Frank  C.  Deimling. 

Nebraska. — Alvin  Saunders,  John  F.  Redick,  William  H.  James. 
Nevada.—].  C.  Hampton,  R.  S.  Egbert,  J.  P.  Smith,  S.  Cole,  A.  W.  Campbell. 
New  Hampshire.— Samuel  W.  Hale,  Joseph  B.  Walker. 

New  Jersey. — Charles  S.  Olden,  John  R.  Mullaney,  Marcus  L.  Ward,  Joel  Parker, 
Courtland  Parker,  Theodore  F.  Randolph,  Alexander  G.  Cattell,  A.  S.  Hewitt,  Benjamin 
G.  Clark,  Thomas  R.  McKeen,  Jesse  E.  Peyton,  John  H.  Lyon,  Thomas  M.  Gopsill,  D. 
B.  Grant,  George  Peters,  William  Moore. 

New  York. — Wm.  H.  Appleton,  John  Taylor  Johnston,  Moses  Taylor,  Cornelius  Van- 
derbilt,  Nathan  C.  Ely,  Samuel  J.  Tilden,  Wm.  A.  Whitebeck,  Henry  Sanger,  Peter  Naylor, 
Wm.  M.  Vermilye,  Henry  Clews,  Howard  Potter,  A.  T.  Stewart,  Wm.  B.  Astor,  Wm.  C. 
Fowler,  Demas  Barnes,  John  A.  Griswold,  John  Grouse,  J.  M.  Warren,  Charles  Bliven,  S. 
F.  Pratt,  Sidney  Shepard,  Homer  Ramsdell,  Samuel  Shether,  E.  Ketcham,  J.  F.  Terrill, 


*  The  full  text  of  the  Act  creating  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  is  printed  in  Ap- 
pendix C,  page  102. 

f  At  the  second  session  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  in  anticipation  of  the  passage 
of  the  Act,  it  was  (May  28,  1872)  "  Resolved,  That  upon  said  Act  becoming  a  law,  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  is  hereby  instructed  and  impowered  to  prescribe  the  rules  and  take  all 
necessary  steps  for  the  organization  of  said  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  said  Act." 


IX8  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

a.       The  Executive  Committee,  accordingly,  adopted  rules  specifying 
sept...  1872.      the  manner  in  which  the  organization  was  to  be  effected  ;*  invited 
the  Centennial  Commissioners  to  name,  at  as  early  a  day  as  practica- 
NOV.  io,  1872.  biCj  banks  or  bankers  who  should  act  as  agents  for  securing  sub- 
scriptions to  the  stock  in  each  State  and  Territory ;  provided  these 
agents  with  the  necessary  books  and  forms  of  subscription  certifi- 
Feb.  28, '1873.    cates  ;  and  designated  the  period  of  one  hundred  days  within  which 
subscriptions  would  be  received  preparatory  to  the  election  of  the 
directors  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. f     The  quota  of  stock 

James  Bogardus,  Samuel  H.  Vance,  George  H.  Moore,  James  Lennox,  John  B.  Moreau, 
Edward  L.  Hemy,  C.  Baldwin. 

North  Carolina, — James  B.  Hughes,  L.  H.  Adams,  James  H.  Chadbourn,  L.  A.  Hart. 

Pennsylvania. — John  Welsh,  J.  Edgar  Thomson,  Adolph  E.  Borie,  Morton  McMichael, 
William  M.  Lyon,  John  O.  James,  B.  F.  Jones,  Matthew  Baird,  John  Shoenberger,  William 
Sellers,  A.  J.  Drexel,  George  W.  Cass,  Jay  Cooke,  Thomas  A.  Scott,  George  W.  Childs, 
John  L.  Shoemaker,  Edwin  H.  Filler,  William  Semple,  Robert  F.  Taylor,  William  W. 
Harding,  Daniel  M.  Fox,  Samuel  H.  French,  James  L.  Claghorn,  James  A.  Freeman, 
John  Price  Wetherill,  William  Frew,  J.  Vaughan  Merrick,  William  Thaw,  John  W.  For- 
ney, George  W.  Hill,  J.  Gillingham  Fell,  George  G.  Meade,  Charles  S.  Wood,  Frank  M. 
Etting,  Wm.  J.  Horstman,  Eli  K.  Price,  James  Thompson,  Alex.  M.  Fox,  Joseph  F.  To- 
bias, Theodore  Cuyler,  Franklin  B.  Gowen,  H.  F.  Kenney,  L.  M.  Thompson,  James  M. 
Robb,  Henry  M.  Phillips,  Henry  C.  Gibson,  Jacob  Riegel,  William  L.  Scott,  Frank  Wells, 
Dr.  E.  H.  Morwitz,  Frederick  Fraley,  A.  H.  Franciscus,  John  H.  Michener,  John  Rice, 
F.  A.  Comly,  M.  Hall  Stanton,  Thomas  H.  Powers,  Conrad  S.  Grove,  Samuel  M.  Felton, 
Joseph  Wharton,  Henry  C.  Carey,  A.  L.  Crawford,  Charles  H.  Stinson,  Dr.  Joshua  T. 
Jones,  Joshua  B.  Lippincott. 

Rhode  Island.— William  S.  Slater,  Albert  S.  Gallup,  Ambrose  E.  Burnside,  Seth  Padel- 
foitf,  Amos  C.  Barstow,  James  T.  Smith. 

South  Carolina. — George  W.  Williams,  Andrew  Simonds,  D.  T.  Corbin,  L.  D.  Childs, 
R.  K.  Scott,  C.  W.  W.  Dudley,  H.  P.  Hammett,  Thomas  J.  Pickins,  Reuben  Tomlinson. 

Tennessee. — Oliver  P.  Temple,  Edmund  Cooper,  Henry  G.  Smith,  Wm.  H.  Brown,  W. 
M.  Farrington,  R.  W.  McClellen,  R.  S.Jones. 

Texas.— W.  Jockusch,  H.  Rosenberg,  J.  P.  Davie,  T.  T.  House,  W.  J.  Hutchins. 

Utah. — Samuel  S.  Walker,  John  P.  Taggart. 

Vermont. — Horace  Fairbanks,  Lawrence  Barnes,  James  Saxe,  Joel  Fletcher,  D.  Taft, 
Stephen  L.  Herrick. 

Virginia. — Wms.  C.  Wickham,  Joseph  R.  Anderson,  J.  G.  Cecil,  Hugh  Blair  Grigsby, 
J.  E.  Roller,  John  B.  Minor,  A- B.  Cochran,  Edward  .Mayo,  Barton  Haxall,  Peter  V. 
Daniel,  Jr. 

West  Virginia. — Lewis  Applegate,  James  McCluney,  O.  C.  Dewey,  J.  N.  Camden, 
John  Hall,  John  P.  Hale,  Allen  T.  Carpenton,  Charles  J.  Faulkner,  Benton  Despard. 

Wisconsin. —  C.  C.  Washburn,  Alexander  Mitchell,  Philetus  Sawyer,  John  Lawler,  D. 
A.  Baldwin,  James  H.  Howe,  C.  G.  L.  Meyers,  James  Campbell. 

Wyoming  Territory. — John  A.  Campbell,  Stephen  F.  Nuckolls,  Frank  Walcott,  Wm. 
T.  Jones,  William  A.  Carter,  Edwin  Dawson,  Luther  Fillmore,  Orlando  North,  George 
W.  Corey. 

*  The  full  text  of  the  rules,  as  subsequently  amended,  is  printed  in  Appendix  B, 
page  30. 

|  The  work  of  equipping  the  agents  with  their  books  and  attending  to  their  correspond- 


REPORT  OF   THE   SECRETARY. 


to  which  each  State  and  Territory  was  entitled  to  subscribe,  in  pro-  Finance.. 

portion  to  its  population,  and  the  amount  actually  taken  by  each 

before  the  close  of  the  hundred  days,  were  as  follows :  Feb.  as,  i873. 


No. 

STATE  OR  TERRITORY.              POPULATION. 

QUOTA 
IN  SHARES. 

QUOTA           SHARES 
IN  DOLLARS.  SUBSCRIBED. 

I 

New  York 

.     4,382,759 

113,666 

$1,136,660 

... 

2 

Pennsylvania 

•     3,521,951 

91,341 

913f4K> 

71,263* 

3 

Ohio 

.     2,665,260 

69,123 

691,230 

22 

4 

6H.87I 

6c8  710 

5 

Missouri    . 

.     1,721,295 

w  J>w/  * 

44,641 

^JJtJ9/  *w 
446,410 

6 

6 

Indiana     . 

.     1,680,637 

43,587 

435,870 

29 

7 

Massachusetts    . 

•     1,457,351 

37,796 

377,960 

... 

8 

Kentucky 

.     1,321,011 

34,260 

342,600 

... 

9 

Tennessee 

.     1,258,520 

32,639 

326,390 

... 

10 

Virginia    . 

.     1,225,163 

3i,774 

317,740 

... 

ii 

10.067 

700,670 

12 

Georgia     . 

.     1,184,109 

O      >-7      / 

30,710 

O^^79      / 
307,100 

... 

!3 

Michigan 

.     1,184,059 

30,708 

307,080 

9 

H 

North  Carolina 

...         .     1,071,361 

27,785 

277,850 

... 

15 

Wisconsin 

1,054,670 

27,353 

273,530 

4i 

16 

Alabama  . 

996,992 

25,854 

258,540 

32 

17 

New  Jersey 

906,096 

23,499 

234,990 

135 

18 

Mississippi 

827,922 

21,472 

2I4J20 

19 

Texas 

818,579 

21,230 

212,300 

... 

20 

Maryland 

.         780,894 

20,252 

2O2,52O 

36 

21 

Louisiana 

726,915 

18,852 

188,520 

... 

22 

South  Carolina  . 

705,606 

18,300 

l83,000 

... 

23 

Maine 

626,915 

16,258 

162,580 

... 

24 

California 

560,247 

14,530 

145,300 

117 

25 

Connecticut 

537,454 

13,939 

139,390 

... 

26 

Arkansas 

484,471 

12,565 

125,650 

2 

27 

West  Virginia   . 

442,014 

11,464 

II4,64O 

... 

28 

Minnesota 

439,706 

11,404 

I  14,040 

... 

ence  was  very  serious.  In  the  words  of  the  report  of  the  Temporary  Secretary,  Mr.  Lewis 
Wain  Smith  (May  7,  1873),  "Some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  work  can  be  formed 
from  the  fact  that  there  were  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  fourteen  agents  located  in 
different  parts  of  the  country,  and  that  there  were  printed  for  distribution  to  them  no  less 
than  two  hundred  thousand  scrip  subscription  blanks,  in  addition  to  subscription-books, 
blanks  for  making  returns,  etc.  The  forwarding  of  these  required  a  separate  clerical  force, 
as  well  as  the  entering  in  the  proper  record  of  the  names  of  the  various  individual  sub- 
scribers to  the  stock.  The  time  for  the  performance  of  this  labor  was  so  brief  that  the 
employes  were  often  compelled  to  work  far  into  the  night,  as  well  as  during  the  day,  to 
accomplish  the  task  in  time.  The  amount  of  the  postage-account  bears  testimony  to  the 
extent  of  the  matter  prepared  for  mailing.  So  great,  at  times,  was  the  pressure  upon  the 
post-office  to  receive,  cancel  the  stamps,  and  forward  the  matter  which  the  Commission 
.sent,  that,  at  the  request  of  the  postmaster,  the  mail  was  divided  and  sent  at  specified 
hours,  in  order  that  the  immense  quantities  deposited  at  one  time  should  not  interfere  with 
the  regular  service." 

*  Of  the  71,263  shares  above  credited  to  Pennsylvania,  69,864  were  taken  in  Phila- 
delphia. 


I2O 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Finances 


No. 

STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

POPULATION. 

29 

Kansas      .... 

364,399 

30 

Vermont  .... 

330,55! 

31 

New  Hampshire 

318,300 

32 

Rhode  Island    . 

217,353 

33 

Florida      .... 

187,748 

34 

District  of  Columbia 

131,700 

35 

Delaware 

125,015 

36 

Nebraska 

122,993 

37 

New  Mexico     . 

91,874 

38 

90,923 

39 

Utah          .... 

86,786 

40 

Nevada     .... 

42,491 

4i 

Colorado  .... 

39,864 

42 

Washington 

23,955 

43 

20,595 

44 

Idaho        .... 

14,999 

45 

Dakota     . 

14,181 

46 

9,658 

47 

Wyoming 

9,118 

QUOTA         SHARES 
IN  DOLLARS.  SUBSCRIBED. 

#94,500 

85,730 
82,550 

56,370  10 

48,690  25 

34,170 

32,420  26 

31,900  5 

23,830 

23,590  412 

22,510 

11,020 

10,340 

6,210 

5,340  2 

3,890 

3,680 

2,500  102 

2,360 


38,558,371      1,000,000        #10,000,000        72,274 


March  10. 

1873- 


April  22. 


Centennial 
Board  of 
Finance, 
April  22,  1873. 


After  the  close  of  the  hundred  days  the  Centennial  Commission, 
by  its  President  and  Secretary,  issued  a  call  to  the  corporators  and 
other  subscribers  to  the  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  for 
a  meeting  at  Concert  Hall,  Philadelphia,  for  the  purpose  of  electing 
a  Board  of  Directors  to  serve  for  one  year.  The  meeting  was  duly 
held ;  the  Centennial  Commission  nominated,  in  compliance  with  the 
terms  of  the  Act  of  Congress,*  one  hundred  stockholders,  from  whom 
twenty-five  Directors  were  to  be  elected.  At  the  close  of  the  elec- 
tion the  Board  of  Directors  was  found  to  have  been  chosen  as 
follows  : 


BENJ.  F.  ALLEN,  of  Iowa. 
W.  H.  APPLETON,  of  New  York. 
J.  S.  BARBOUR,  of  Virginia. 
C.  M.  BIDDLE,  of  Philadelphia. 
A.  D.  BULLOCK,  of  Ohio. 
T.  COCHRAN,  of  Philadelphia. 
C.  W.  COOPER,  of  Allentown,  Pa. 
J.  CUMMINGS,  of  Massachusetts. 
S.  M.  FELTON,  of  Philadelphia. 


E.  H.  FITLER,  of  Philadelphia. 
D.  M.  Fox,  of  Philadelphia. 
J.  GORHAM,  of  Rhode  Island. 
H.  C.  LEA,  of  Philadelphia. 
W.  V.  McKEAN,  of  Philadelphia. 
J.  PATTERSON,  of  Philadelphia. 
R.  M.  PATTON,  of  Alabama. 
J.  M.  ROBB,  of  Philadelphia. 
WM.  SELLERS,  of  Philadelphia. 


*  See  Section  4  of  the  Act,  Appendix  C,  page  108. 


REPORT  OF   THE  SECRETARY. 


121 


N.  P.  SHORTRIDGE,  of  Philadelphia. 
E.  T.  STEEL,  of  Philadelphia. 
J.  E.  THOMSON,  of  Philadelphia. 


C.  C.  WASHBURN,  of  Wisconsin.    Board  of 

Finance. 

JOHN  WELSH,  of  Philadelphia. 
J.  WHARTON,  of  Philadelphia. 


A.  S.  HEWITT,  of  New  Jersey. 

The  Board  was  soon  organized  by  the  election  of  officers,  and,  after 
filling  vacancies  caused  by  the  death  or  resignation  of  members,  was 
as  follows ; 

President. — JOHN  WELSH,  Philadelphia. 

Vice-Presidents, 

WILLIAM  SELLERS,  Philadelphia. 
JOHN  S.  BARBOUR,  Virginia. 


Directors. 


J.  CUMMINGS,  Massachusetts. 
J.  GORHAM,  Rhode  Island. 

A.  S.  HEWITT,  New  Jersey. 
T.  H.  DUDLEY,  New  Jersey. 

C.  W.  COOPER,  Pennsylvania. 
S.  M.  FELTON,  Pennsylvania. 
R.  M.  PATTON,  Alabama. 

B.  F.  ALLEN,  Iowa. 

D.  M.  Fox,  Philadelphia. 
Jos.  PATTERSON,  Philadelphia. 


E.  H.  FITLER,  Philadelphia. 
THOS.  COCHRAN,  Philadelphia. 
N.  P.  SHORTRIDGE,  Philadelphia. 
J.  M.  ROBB,  Philadelphia. 
E.  T.  STEEL,  Philadelphia. 
C.  M.  BIDDLE,  Philadelphia. 
J.  WANAMAKER,  Philadelphia. 
J.  P.  WETHERILL,  Philadelphia. 
FAIRMAN  ROGERS,  Philadelphia. 
HENRY  WINSOR,  Philadelphia. 


Secretary  and  Treasurer. — FREDERICK  FRALEY,  Philadelphia. 
Auditor. — H.  SEYMOUR  LANSING,  Philadelphia. 

The  Centennial  Commission  soon  afterwards  held  its  third  session, 
during  which  the  relative  rights  and  duties  of  that  body  and  the 
Board  of  Finance  were  determined  in  a  conference  between  com-  May  3. 1873 
mittees  representing  the  two  bodies. 


16 


I22  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


WORK  OF  THE  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 


Work  of  Until  the   organization  of  the  Centennial   Board  of  Finance  the 

^8°7™_m'sslon'     Centennial  Commission  was  without  means  to  enter  upon  the  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  imposed  upon  it.     The  liberality  of  the  city  of 
Oct.  26, 1871.    Philadelphia  had  provided,  as  has  already  been  mentioned,  $25,000  to 
cover  the  cost  of  its  first  meeting  and  organization.     When  the  con- 
tinued failure  of  Congress  to  make  an  appropriation  in  behalf  of  the 
Exhibition  left  the  Commission  without  funds  to  meet  its  current  ex- 
penses, the  Philadelphia  Councils  again  came  to  its  aid  and  placed  at 
NOV.  4,  1872.    its  disposal  $50,000,  for  the  purpose  of  paying  "  the  current  and  inci 
dental  expenses  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  of 
opening  books  of  subscription  in  the  several  States  and  Territories, 
and  organizing  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance."*     From  these  funds 
the  imperative  expenses  of  the  Commission  were  met,  until  the  organ- 
April  22,  i873.  ization  of  the  Board  of  Finance  afforded  legitimate  resources  for  the 
prosecution  of  its  duties. 

Nevertheless,  during  this  initial  period  the  work  imposed  upon  the 
representatives  of  the  Commission  at  Philadelphia — its  Executive 
Committee,  Executive  Commissioner,  and  Temporary  Secretary — 
vvas  varied  and  arduous.  It  involved  (i)  the  work  of  the  Commission 
preparatory  to  the  Exhibition,  (2)  the  organization  of  the  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance,  and  (3)  co-operation  with  the  Citizens'  Centennial 
Finance  Committee  of  Philadelphia  in  promoting  stock  subscriptions. 
I.  As  to  the  labors  of  the  Centennial  Commission  in  preparation 

Preparations       /.,-,-.,  /» 

for  Exhibition,  for  the  Exhibition,  committees  had  been  appointed  at  its  first  session 
upon  the  plans  and  architecture  of  the  Exhibition  buildings  and  upon 
the  classification  of  the  exhibits ;  and  these  committees  made  what 
progress  was  possible  with  the  subjects  intrusted  to  them.  The  ex- 
ecutive officers  of  the  Commission  at  this  time  found  that  nothing 
required  more  urgent  attention  than  the  informing  of  the  general 
public  as  to  the  nature  of  the  Centennial  Celebration  and  Exhibition ; 
and  this  they  essayed  to  do  by  the  dissemination  of  circular  addresses 
to  societies  and  associations  of  various  descriptions,  to  the  clergy 

*  From  the  title  of  the  city  ordinance. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY.  I23 

and  other  professions,  by  the  publication  of  newspaper  articles,  and  work  of 
through  similar  instrumentalities.* 

2.  The  organization  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  at  the  organizing 
earliest  day  possible  was  of  prime  importance.     This  involved  the  Finance. 
preparation  of  the  rules  to  be  followed  in  its  organization,  and  their 
distribution   among   the   corporators   and  subscription   agents — the 

latter  1714  in  number — in  all  parts  of  the  country;  and  with  most  of 
these  individual  correspondences  had  to  be  maintained,  while  all  were 
furnished  with  scrip,  subscription-books,  blank  forms  for  returns,  and 
other  printed  forms.f  These  preliminaries  were  successfully  accom- 
plished, and  the  Board  organized  as  detailed  in  the  last  chapter. 

3.  The  work  done  by  the  Citizens'  Centennial  Finance  Committee,  Citizens' 
largely  through  the  medium  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  was  of  Committecs 
the  most  diversified  kind.     This  Committee  was  originated  in  com- 
pliance with  a  resolution  passed  at  the  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  NOV.  2. 1872. 
Corporators  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  "  That  the  corpora- 
tors residing  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia  be  consti- 
tuted a  Committee  with  power  to  add  to  their  number,  whose  duty  it 

shall  be  to  take  such  measures  as  in  their  judgment  may  seem  best 
toward  obtaining  subscriptions  to  the  stock,  of  the  Centennial  Board 
of  Finance."  This  Committee  soon  organized,  appointing  "  a  Sub-  NOV.  18, 1872. 
Committee  of  Twenty-Five  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  and  reporting 
a  plan  of  action  for  popularizing  the  subscription  to  the  stock  of  the 
Centennial  Fund  in  Philadelphia,  and  to  secure  subscriptions  among 
the  various  trade  interests  of  the  city ;"  and  there  was  also  appointed 
a  Citizens'  Centennial  Finance  Committee  of  Three  Hundred,  under 
which  there  were  named  sub-committees — 178  in  number — represent- 
ing the  various  trades,  occupations,  professions,  and  social  and  busi- 
ness interests.  Stated  meetings  were  regularly  held  of  these  Com- 
mittees, of  their  chairmen,  and  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 

*  Reprints  of  the  circulars  issued  at  this  time,  together  with  a  selection  of  such  official 
documents  as  illustrate  the  administration  of  the  Exhibition  throughout,  are  given  in  Ap- 
pendix B,  page  1 6.      In  evidence  of  the  work  of  this  kind  done  between  the  close  of  the 
second  session  of  the  Commission  (May  29,  1872)  and  the  meeting  of  the  fourth  session 
(May  7,  1873),  i*  deserves  note  that  there  were  issued 
15,000  copies  of  an  address  to  the  clergy, 
10,000  copies  of  addresses  to  industrial  associations, 
10,000  copies  of  addresses  to  instructors  in  schools  and  colleges, 
10,000  copies  of  addresses  to  city,  State,  and  national  officers, 
130,000  copies  of  an  address  to  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

Similar  items  of  literary  and  clerical  labor  have  been  mentioned  in  a  previous  note  (pages 
12,  13),  and  others  will  be  referred  to  in  future  pages. 

f  The  cost  of  postage  during  this  period  (May  29,  1872,10  May  7, 1873)  was  52283.66. 
The  items  of  stationery,  printing,  telegraphing,  and  advertising  amounted  to  £16,067.09. 


124 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


citizens' 


Work  of  Citizens'  Centennial  Finance  Committee  ;  and  a  system  was  organized 
which  provided  for  the  personal  solicitation  of  subscriptions  from 
every  business  and  social  class  in  Philadelphia,  and  caused  merchants, 
bankers,  church  officials,  and  other  influential  persons  to  address  to 
their  correspondents  throughout  Pennsylvania  letters  enlisting  their 
co-operation.  The  subscriptions  thus  directly  secured  were  of  high 
importance  ;  but  there  were  special  financial  exigencies  at  this  junc- 
ture which  rendered  indispensable  such  efforts  as  were  made  by  the 
Citizens'  Committees.  The  terms  of  the  Act  of  Congress  authorizing 
the  Exhibition  had  specified  that,  whenever  the  Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania should  notify  the  President  of  the  United  States  that  provision 
had  been  made  for  the  erection  of  the  Exhibition  buildings,  the  Pres- 
ident should  announce  the  Exhibition  to  foreign  nations,  and  solicit 
their  participation.*  Until  this  could  be  accomplished  the  interna- 
tional feature  of  the  Exhibition  had  not  even  a  theoretical  existence  ; 
and  the  unavoidable  delays  involved  in  the  legislation  by  Congress 
had  already  proved  so  great  as  to  occasion  serious  doubts  whether 
the  arrangements  for  the  Exhibition  could  be  perfected  in  season.f 
Thus  it  was  essential  that  every  means  should  be  essayed  to  hasten 
the  subscription  of  funds  sufficient  to  erect  the  buildings  ;  and  while 
the  Committees  labored  hard  to  dispose  of  shares  of  the  stock,  they 
also  addressed  themselves  to  securing  substantial  aid  from  the  city 
and  State  treasuries. 

To  this  end  a  Deputation  comprising  representatives  of  the  Execu- 
tive  Committee  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  the  Citizens'  Com- 
mittees, the  Committee  of  Philadelphia  Councils,  and  the  Fairmount 
Park  Commission,  met  the  Senate  and  House  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  Pennsylvania  in  joint  session  at  Harrisburg,  explained  to  them  the 

jan  28,  1873.  benefits  to  accrue  to  the  State  and  the  nation  from  the  Exhibition,  and 
the  assurance  of  its  success  which  would  be  afforded  by  their  prompt 

February.        appropriation  of  $1,000,000  in  its  aid.     Memorials  were  immediately 


*  See  Section  8  of  the  Act,  Appendix  C,  page  102., 

f  The  first  action  of  Philadelphia  Councils  soliciting  Congressional  sanction  of  the  Ex- 
hibition was  on  January  20,  1870.  The  hill  was  introduced  in  Congress  Fehruary  24,  1870. 
The  opposition  there  offered  delayed  its  approval  until  March  3,  1871.  The  terms  of  the 
Act  as  passed  precluded  the  organization  of  the  Centennial  Commission  within  a  year  of 
its  passage — before  March  4, 1872.  Necessity  then  arose  for  creating  the  Board  of  Finance, 
and  the  Act  for  that  purpose — approved  June  I,  1872 — required  a  term  of  100  days  before 
the  election  of  directors,  during  which  subscriptions  might  be  made  to  the  stock  of  the 
Board;  so  that  its  organization  could  not  be  effected  before  April  22,  1873.  More  than 
three  years  had  thus  passed,  since  the  first  action,  before  the  Commission  had  any  command 
of  money  wherewith  to  discharge  the  duties  imposed  upon  it,  and  only  three  years  remained 
wherein  to  complete  the  preparations  for  the  Exhibition. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY.  125 

circulated  and  numerously  signed  in  all  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  praying  Work  of  the 
the  Legislature  to  take  this  action,  as  were  others,  in  Philadelphia,  ^J^*10"' 
urging  an  appropriation  by  the  City  Councils  of  $500,000  for  the  same  Finances, 
purpose.     Councils  promptly  made  the  grant  desired  of  them  ;  but  in  Feb.  27,1873. 
the  Legislature  the  measure  encountered  not  only  the  opposition  usu- 
ally offered  to  a  money-bill,  but  the  special  local  hostility  of  legislators 
and  others  who  imagined  that  the  Philadelphians  purposed  erecting, 
under  the  guise  of  a  Memorial  Hall,  a  building  suitable  for  use  as 
legislative  chambers,  and  thereby  facilitating  the  removal  of  the  State 
capital  from  Harrisburg  to  Philadelphia.     This  opposition,  however, 
was  overcome  by  the  manifestations  oPpublic  sentiment  in  the  numer- 
ously signed  memorials  and  the  public  meetings  held  in  every  quarter 
in  behalf  of  the  Exhibition,  and  especially  by  an  immense  mass-con-  Feb.  22,1873. 
vention  at  Philadelphia  in  which  eminent  speakers  from  all  parts  of 
the  country  participated,  while  the  public  announcement  of  the  large 
amounts  of  stock  subscribed,  and  the  full  reports  published  by  the 
newspapers  generally,  awakened  a  wider  interest  in  the  Centennial 
Celebration  than  had  ever  previously  been  manifested.     At  last  the 
Legislature  passed  and  the  Governor  approved  a  bill  appropriating  March*7. 
$1,000,000  "for  the  erection  of  a  permanent  Centennial  building  in 
Fairmount  Park,  which  shall  remain  perpetually  as  the  property  of 
the  people  of  the  Commonwealth  for  their  improvement  and  enjoy- 
ment."* 

These  two  appropriations   of  $1,500,000  from   Pennsylvania  and 
Philadelphia,  together  with  stock  subscriptions  amounting  to  $722,- 
740  made  previously  to  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Finance, 
justified  the  Governor  in  notifying  the  President  that  the  requisite 
provision  for  the  buildings  had  been  made.     This  he  did;  and — on  June 24, 1873. 
the  occasion  of  the  formal  transfer  of  the  Exhibition  grounds  to  the  Juiy« 
Centennial   Commission,   in   the  presence  of  representatives   of  the 
National  Government — the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  made  public  the 
President's  proclamation  announcing  and  commending  to  the  people  Pre$i<i 
of  the  United  States  and  all  nations  the  International  Exhibition  and  Exhibition. 
Centennial   Celebration. f      Copies   of  the  proclamation   and   of  the 
General  Regulations  of  the  Exhibition  were  immediately  transmitted,  Julys,  1873- 

*  The  full  text  of  the  Act  is  printed  in  Appendix  D,  page  204.  It  should  be  noted, 
however,  that  it  included  a  provision  that  the  State  Treasury  should  be  reimbursed  by  a 
special  tax  laid  upon  the  Philadelphia  street-railway  companies;  and  this  proved  so  objec- 
tionable that  at  the  next  session  of  the  Legislature  a  supplementary  bill  had  to  be  passed 
doing  away  with  the  obnoxious  feature.  For  the  latter  Act  (approved  May  14,  1874),  see 
Appendix  D,  page  210. 

f  For  the  proclamation  and  documents  issued  accompanying  it,  see  Appendix  B,  Form 

53»  Page  47- 


126 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Work  of  the 
Commission, 

l872-'3. 

Preparations 
for  the 
Exhibition. 


May  9. 


May  12,  1873. 


May-Nov. 


Oct.  14. 


with  a  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  the  diplomatic  represen- 
tatives of  all  nations. 

The  Centennial  Commission  was  at  last  enabled — by  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Board  of  Finance  and  the  governmental  proclamation  of 
the  Exhibition  to  all  nations — to  take  direct  steps  toward  the  prepara- 
tions for  the  Exhibition.  In  order  to  secure  the  prompt  and  efficient 
administration  of  its  business  at  Philadelphia,  the  Commission  had 
created,  at  its  fourth  session,  the  office  of  Director-General,  to  which 
Mr.  Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  Commissioner  for  Ohio,  had  been  unanimously 
elected  by  the  Executive  Committee  and  invested  with  full  executive 
control  of  the  affairs  of  the  'Commission,  subject  to  the  approval  of 
the  Executive  Committee.  It  was,  however,  deemed  expedient  that 
the  Director-General  should  spend  the  summer  in  studying  the  Inter- 
national Exhibition  at  Vienna  ;*  so  that  it  was  not  until  autumn  that 
he  assumed  the  duties  of  his  office.  Thenceforward  the  preparations 
for  the  Exhibition  and  the  organizing  of  its  several  departments  were 
conducted  under  his  immediate  supervision,  and  are  described  in  his 
own  report. 

*  Mr.  W.  P.  Blake,  Alternate  Commissioner  for  Connecticut,  and  Mr.  Henry  Pettit, 
C.  E.,  also  visited  Vienna  as  special  agents  of  the  Commission.  Their  reports  upon  the 
International  Exhibition  of  1873  are  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  third  Report  of  the 
Centennial  Commission  to  the  President  (Feb.  23,  1874:  Senate,  Ex.  Doc.,  No.  30,  43d 
Confess,  ist  session),  pages  109-278,  and  279-320. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY. 


THE   SECRETARY'S   OFFICE. 


In  organizing  the  departments  of  the  Exhibition  there  were  de- 
volved  upon  the  Secretary  the  printing  of  circulars  for  the  information 
of  the  public,  the  charge  of  all  official  publications, — including  those 
of  the  regulations  for  home  and  foreign  exhibitors, — the  printing  of 
all  matter  issued  by  the  central  offices  and  bureaus  of  administration, 
the  supervision  of  the  work  confided  to  the  State  Boards  of  Centen- 
nial Managers  and  to  the  managers  of  the  Department  of  Education, 
also  the  payment  of  the  expenses  of  the  officers  of  administration. 
These  duties  were  discharged  by  the  Temporary  Secretary,  Mr.  Lewis 
Wain  Smith,  from  the  organization  of  the  Centennial  Commission 
until  June,  1873,  when  the  charge  of  the  office  was  assumed  by 
myself. 

In  the  execution   of  these   labors   were  employed   the  following  Employees, 
officers  and  assistants : 

EMPLOYEES   IN   THE   SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. 


PIERCE  C.  DE  SAUQUE,  Chief  Clerk. 
WILFRED  PATTERSON,  Cashier. 
WILLIAM  II.  LANDELL,  Mail  Clerk. 
ROBERT  S.  FLETCHER,  File  Clerk. 
JOHN  C.  FOULKROD,  Record  Clerk. 
JAS.  S.  PATTERSON,  Lithographer  and  Clerk. 


MOSES  F.  LOBO,  Reporter. 
A.  C.  ADAMSON,  Clerk. 
OVERTON  BERNARD,  Clerk. 
JOHN  HUSSEY,  Messenger. 
JAMES  LAFFERTY,  Messenger. 


EMPLOYEES   IN   CATALOGUE   DEPARTMENT. 


LITTLETON  LONG,  JR., 


:\ 


THOMAS  C.  LOMBARD,  V  Chief  Clerks. 
E.  L.  TOWNSEND, 
RICHARD  NIXON,  Clerk. 
JOSEPH  BARBIERE,  Clerk. 


WM.  S.  IRWIN,  Clerk. 

J.  C.  QUIGGLE,  Clerk. 

MAX  STERN,  Clerk. 

JOSEPH  WULFF,  and  others  temporarily. 

GEORGE  HUSSEY,  Messenger. 


Assistant-Secretary  Myer  Asch  acted  chiefly  as  the  private  secretary 
of  the  Director-General,  and  in  the  intercourse  with  foreign  Commis- 
sioners ;  and  Assistant-Secretary  Dorsey  Gardner  in  the  preparation 
of  the  Classification  and  Official  Catalogue  and  the  various  pub- 
lications relating  to  the  Exhibition. 

The  Chief  Clerk,  Mr.  P.  C.  De  Sauque,  conducted  most  of  the 
correspondence,  and  had  supervision  of  the  clerical  work  in  the 
office;  Messrs.  W.  Patterson,  Cashier,  R.  S.  Fletcher,  File  Clerk, and 


I28  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


William  H.  Landell,  Mail  Clerk,  also  filled  responsible  and  exacting 
positions. 

Correspond-  The  records  of  this  office  show  that,  from  the  time  of  its  organiza- 
tion, in  March,  1872,  until  the  close  of  the  Exhibition,  in  November, 
1876,  there  were  sent  out  about  500,000  packages  of  mail  matter, 
while  above  75,000  were  received.*  A  large  proportion  of  the  letters, 
documents,  and  circulars  which  it  was  necessary  to  issue  during  the 
preparation  and  continuance  of  the  Exhibition  passed  through  the 
office  of  the  Secretary  ;  yet  this  number,  large  as  it  is,  by  no  means 
represents  the  work  done  in  connection  with  the  Exhibition,  for  the 
Secretary's  office  had  no  charge  of  the  very  large  mail  matter  of  the 
Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  of  the  Women's  Department,  or  of 
the  Bureaus  of  Administration  from  the  time  of  their  separate  organi- 
zation until  the  close  of  the  Exhibition.  After  that  time  there  came 
the  notifications  to  exhibitors  who  had  received  awards,  and  the  dis- 
tribution of  diplomas  and  of  medals.  As  there  were  7700  foreign 
exhibitors  who  obtained  awards,  and  5400  home  exhibitors, — who 
each  required  from  4  to  6  communications  of  letters,  circulars, 
diplomas,  and  medals, — about  70,000  packages  were  sent  by  mail 
and  express  on  this  account.  Beside  this,  many  cable  dispatches, 
telegrams,  and  communications  by  private  messengers  were  required. 
The  total  of  messages  and  parcels  sent  from  this  office  was  therefore 
about  600,000,  while  those  sent  in  the  entire  administration  of  the 
Exhibition  must  have  been  as  much  as  1,300,000. 

Postal  service.  The  accounts  of  the  U.  S.  Government  Post-office  established  within 
the  Exhibition  grounds  show  that,  during  the  period  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion, there  were  received  for  delivery  1,555,255  parcels  of  mail  matter, 
and  that  1,580,617  were  mailed. f  Most  of  these,  of  course,  were 
not  connected  with  the  offices  of  the  Exhibition. 

Educational  Special  charge  of  the  collective  educational  exhibitions  made  by 
exhibits.  the  several  States  was  confided  to  the  Secretary,  who  matured  their 
details  after  correspondence  or  conference  with  the  Commissioners 
and  educational  officers  of  Massachusetts,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Indiana,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Ohio,  Nebraska,  Rhode  Island,  New 
Hampshire,  Illinois,  Maine,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Maryland,  Minnesota, 
and  Pennsylvania,  and  with  the  representatives  of  a  large  number  of 
institutions  and  organizations  devoted  to  scientific,  technical,  learned, 
art,  religious,  and  charitable  purposes.  The  space  allotted  to  this 
department  included  eligible  locations  in  the  spacious  South  and 
East  galleries  of  the  Main  Exhibition  building  and  in  certain  of  the 
buildings  erected  by  individual  States.  The  collective  exhibit  made 

*  See  Exhibit  A,  page  130.  f  See  Exhibit  B,  page  132. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY. 


129 


by  the  United  States  Department  of  Education  was  specially  arranged 
for  with  General  John  Eaton,  the  Superintendent  of  the  Department. 

The  intercourse  of  the  Commission  with  the  Boards  of  Centennial  state  Board* 
Managers  for  the  several  States,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  special 
celebrations  provided  by  many  of  them,  were  conducted  through  this 
office,  and  involved  much  care  and  correspondence  during  the  time 
of  preparing  for  the  Exhibition  and  throughout  its  continuance. 

The  By-laws  of  the  Commission  required  the  Secretary  to  act  also  Finances, 
as  its  Treasurer,  and  through  his  hands  passed  all  moneys  disbursed 
on  behalf  of  the  members,  officers,  and  employees  of  the  Centennial 
Commission  and  the  immediate  expenses  of  the  general  Bureaus  of 
Administration.  The  cost  of  the  preliminary  plans  for  the  build- 
ings, of  their  erection,  of  the  preparation  and  care  of  the  grounds, 
also  the  expenses  of  several  of  the  Bureaus  after  their  separate  or- 
ganization, were  met  directly  by  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  as 
were  those  attending  the  preparation  and  distribution  of  awards, 
diplomas,  and  medals  to  exhibitors,  and  other  outlays  incident  to  the 
conclusion  of  the  affairs  of  the  Exhibition.  The  items  thus  expended 
by  the  Board  of  Finance  are  stated  in  its  own  report. 

The  financial  system  pursued  in  payments  through  this  office  was 
.as  follows:  the  Secretary  furnished  to  the  Board  of  Finance  a  monthly 
requisition  for  the  estimated  expenses  of  the  ensuing  month,  and  a 
monthly  return  for  amounts  paid  out,  with  vouchers  accounting  for 
each  item.  The  sums  thus  accounted  for  were  as  follows : 


R 

M 

>  X 

, 

1 

g| 

il 

1 

K  W 

SI 

a 

§ 

o2 

a 

<  g 

U 

^  </> 

!e 

C/3    5P 

Q  t/5 

a 

M 
0 

02 

E 

X 

<us 

<  o 

H 

s 

8 

wU 

M 

u  u   . 
zoo 

a 

H 

gg 

M 

u 

E 

ill 

s 

B 

5 

U 

5 

«J' 

J5 

o 

M 

$5  890  70 

|2,O4I.8l 

$2,111.67 

$6,063.45 

<g  ooc  •so 

I&74 

Q  726  18 

2,842  80 

10  706.05 

1,101.69 

7,480.88 

8,479.13 

25,170.80 

51,234.  s8 

2,618.69 

1876  ... 

13,515.23 

4,106.76 

Total,  1873-76  

$14,025.68 

$45,744-93 

$26,948.92 

$46,047.06 

$181,647.51 

$16,616.79 

.33..030.8, 

A  detailed  statement  of  monthly  expenses  from   May,  1873,  to 
December,  1876,  is  appended.* 

*  See  Exhibit  C,  page  134. 


130 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITWN,  1876. 


EXHIBIT  A. 


MAIL   MATTER   OF  THE   SECRETARY'S   OFFICE. 


1872. 

Documents 
sent. 


August   .... 

September      .         .         . 
October. 

Total  for  1872,  111,985 


700 
2,400 
9*650 


November 
December 


Documents 

sent. 

.      19,074 
.      8o,l6l 


1873. 


RECEIVED. 

SENT. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

176 

215 
335 
312 
393 
322 
435 
291 
298 
332 

2IO 

350 

48 

& 

44 
28 

12 

15 

8 
6 
18 
26 
26 

2,584 
696 
335 
286 
361 
713 
377 
490 

396 

393 
368 
445 

846 
19.478 
15,211 

11,001 

698 

I»I°3 
9,616 
3.6i5 
5,759 
2,732 
792 
756 

Mar-h  

April     

Mav 

r***  

July 

August  

Total  

3,669 

345 

7,444 

71,607 

Total  for  1873,  83,065. 


1874. 


RECEIVED. 

SENT. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

420 
320 
280 
308 
264 
282 
327 
340 

i 
i 

78 

8 

20 
29 
23 

I 

116 
117 
3i 

454 
272 

JS 

294 

243 
340 

518 
382 

275 
321 

413 

1,481 
1,065 
i,i75 
862 
1,287 
822 
9,829 
i7,75o 
24,152 

83 

4,237 

February   

March 

Mav... 

Tulv 

October 

November  

Total  

5,051 

647 

4,295 

75,909 

Total  for  1874,  85,902. 


REPORT  OF  THE   SECRETARY. 
1875- 


RECEIVED. 

SENT. 

LBTTRRS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

& 
608 
845 
890 
1,191 
1,058 
i  ,088 
1,589 

79  * 
2,884 
2,982 
4,065 

21 

26 
28 
27 
34 
25 
32 
55 
39 

g 

42 

279 

479 
283 

010 

1,380 
1,004 
i,o39 
i,/65 
2,014 
2,761 
3,'30 
4,094 

2,998 
1,996 
3,7«7 
2,993 
6,324 
3,034 
2,252 
3,467 
2,323 
7,789 
9,064 
6,452 

March  

April  

May.... 

June  

|Uly 

August  

October 

November  

Total  

»8,473 

444 

19,°38 

52,479 

Total  for  1875,  9°>434- 


1876. 


RECEIVED. 

SENT. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

4,651 
4,777 
7,607 
8,875 
4,821 
2,485 
i,4i5 
1,239 
T,740 
3,47i 
2,169 
2,231 

46 
57 
93 
72 
77 
61 
48 
1  66 
68 
65 
16 
30 

4,797 
5,656 
IO»I0.4 
6,569 

6,012 

5,982 
3,151 

5,824 

4,604 

&g 

3,496 

3,78i 
2,279 
4,577 
7,422 
2,901 
2,904 
1,238 
1,148 

T.7I4 
2,506 
3,021 

881 

February  

March  

April 

May  

lulv 

Total            

45,787 

799 

68,008 

33,874 

Total  for  1876,  148,468. 


SUMMARY. 


RECEIVED. 

SENT. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

LETTERS. 

DOCUMENTS. 

For  the 

111,985 
7  ',607 
75,909 
53,479 
33.874 

3,669 

5,051 
'S,473 
45,787 

g 

444 
799 

7,444 
4,»9S 
10,038 
68,008 

««           ««     1875      

"           "     1876 

Total  

72,980 

*,»35 

98.785 

345,8$4 

Total  for  1872-76,  519,854. 


132 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


EXHIBIT  B. 


THE  CENTENNIAL  POST-OFFICE. 


In  the  section  of  the  United  States  Government  Building  devoted  to  the  Post-Office 
Department  was  established  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  office,  which  exhibited  the 
ordinary  operations  of  a  post-office  of  the  first  class.  Information  furnished  by  Mr. 
George  W.  Fairman,  then  Postmaster  of  Philadelphia,  gives  the  following  details  of  its 
work. 

Ten  letter-carriers  and  seven  clerks  were  employed ;  the  carriers  and  clerks  being  placed 
on  duty  only  as  they  were  required  until  the  Exhibition  was  opened  on  May  10.  Hourly 
exchanges  of  mails  were  made  between  the  Centennial  branch  and  the  main  office  by  five 
wagons,  built  expressly  for  the  purpose.  Fifty  ornamental  pedestal  letter-boxes  were 
located  throughout  the  grounds  and  buildings,  from  which  the  carriers  made  hourly  col- 
lections. An  official  statement  of  the  business  transacted  at  the  Centennial  Post-offide  is  as 
follows : 


MAIL   MATTER   DELIVERED. 


rf 

i 

J 

3 

LOCAL  LETTERS. 

| 

dO 

1 

LOCAL 
POSTAL  CARDS. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

March  

669 

108 

144 

April  

5  660 

1,368 

4  8u 

May 

e  88^ 

6  488 

5  883 

June  

0,400 

10,039 

76  1  86 

July.  ... 

86  554 

80  018 

27  t;86 

14  885 

September 

112  681 

November  

10  896 

Total 

6^-3  *86 

Total  number  of  pieces,  1,555,255. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY. 
MAIL  MATTER   COLLECTED. 


133 


«r 

MAIL  LETTERS. 

LOCAL  LETTERS. 

i 

a     x 

Sad 

^ 
-  | 

NEWSPAPERS. 

March  

906 

*95 

138 

April      

14  168 

4  8?3 

Mav 

June  

26,657 

38,378 

July   ... 

30  810 

on  ogg 

September  

73,642 

October  

oc  acg 

80618 

71,965 

10  468 

31  815 

Total  

205  687 

348  911 

Total  number  of  pieces,  1,580,617. 

The  whole  number  of  pieces  delivered  and  collected  within  the  Centennial  grounds 
was  3,135,872. 

Registered  letters  mailed,  2255.     Registered  letters  delivered,  2047. 

MONEY  ORDERS   ISSUED. 


DOMESTIC. 

FOREIGN. 

NUMBER. 

AMOUNT. 

NUMBER. 

AMOUNT. 

March,  April,  May  

212 

564 

544 
5i8 
734 
595 
318 

$4,012.08 
11,280.62 
10,555.60 
10,802.09 
16,389.73 
14,071.79 
7,59i-23 

16 
24 
20 

19 
32 

3' 

20 

$324.7° 
566.25 
480.00 
326.95 
596.37 
676.63 
3'3-75 

lulv    .. 

September  

October 

Total  

3,485 

$74,703-14 

162 

$3,284.70 

Total  number  of  orders,  3647.     Value,  $77,987.84. 

MONEY  ORDERS   PAID. 


DOMESTIC. 

FOREIGN. 

NUMBER. 

AMOUNT. 

NUMBER. 

AMOUNT. 

March,  April,  May  

ii 
95 

$ 

249 

321 
I63 

$230.90 
2,476.90 
4,3>3-79 
4,425-84 
6,483.29 
1  5,«84-36 
3,367-77 

2 
I 

3 

$53-5* 

IO.OO 

65.17 

June  

July  .... 

ii 

4 
8 

276.90 
103.70 
167.66 

October  

Total  

X,C9a 

$26,482.85 

*9 

$676.95 

Total  number  of  orders,  1 121.     Value,  $27, 159.80. 

There  were  680,000  stamped  envelopes  of  the  special  Centennial  design  retailed  at  the 
branch  office,  and  the  total  sales  of  postage  stamps,  etc.,  amounted  to  $49,329.60. 


134 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


EXHIBIT  C. 


EXPENDITURES   THROUGH   THE   SECRETARY'S   OFFICE. 


FOR   THE   YEAR   ENDING   DECEMBER   31,  1873. 


ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  COM- 
MISSIONERS, ETC. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  AND 
COMMITTEE  ON  PLANS. 

MEETING  "OF  FEBRUARY  22. 

OFFICE  EXPENSES,  INCLUDING 
MAIL  MATTER,  EXPRESSAGE, 
TELEGRAPHING,  ETC. 

PRINTING,  PHOTOGRAPHING, 
LITHOGRAPHING,  ELECTRO- 
TYPES, ETC. 

STATIONERY,  BOOKS,  PAPERS, 
MAPS,  PLANS,  ETC. 

SALARIES. 

VIENNA  AGENCY. 

MINERAL  COLLECTION. 

TOTAL  PER  MONTH. 

.May  

£4,234-  '5 

$97.71 
97.20 
18.75 

$717.10 
500.00 

$1,586  78 
288  90 
1,361-55 
27.60 
262.16 
650.92 

$1,120.84 
1,952.50 
1,683.32 
1,683.32 
1,720.47 
2,269.98 
2,564.99 
2,748.32 

$2,500.00 
500.00 

$10,756.58 
3,111.46 
4,523-26 
2,409.74 
4,726.85 
6,574-M 
4,620.18 
4,034.58 

$272.86 

5S9-92 
310.82 

I93-98 
2II'°8 

lulv 

439-45 

$460.27 
108.90 
307-38 
488.45 
288.69 
199.20 

August  

September  
'  (  )ctober         

242.86 
4.8.1  •& 



500.00 
2,4°5-33 
1,500.00 

$1,500.00 

November  

December  

821.81 



232.  51 

$2,111.67 

32.74 

Total 

£4,673  60 

^2,041.81 

$1,217.10 

$4,210.65 

$1,852.89 

$15,743-74 

$7,405.33 

$1,500.00 

$40,756.70 

FOR   THE   YEAR   ENDING   DECEMBER   31,  1874. 


' 

ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  COM- 
MISSIONERS. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  AND 
COMMITTEE  ON  PLANS. 

ADVERTISING. 

OFFICE  EXPENSES,  INCLUDING 
MAIL  MATTER,  EXPRESSAGE, 
TELEGRAPHING,  ETC. 

PRINTING,  PHOTOGRAPHING, 
LITHOGRAPHING,  ELECTRO- 
TYPES, ETC. 

STATIONERY,  BOOKS,  PAPERS, 
MAPS,  PLANS,  ETC. 

SALARIES. 

VIENNA  AGENCY. 

MINERAL  COLLECTION. 

TOTAL  PER  MONTH. 

January  



$285.80 
156.40 
486.51 



$89.97 
244.62 
18.73 
417-03 
67-75 
60.48 
205.66 
308.79 
316.99 

146.39 
440.76 
525-72 

$283.15 
296.86 

3".5o 

22.50 
746.32 
640.85 
808.35 
362.00 
509-75 
202.25 

$42.40 

""  66"2o 
92.63 

93.10 

355-27 
268.72 

I9L73 
265.45 
197-36 

$  ,548.32 
,548.32 
,439-99 
,189.99 

>l89-99 
,756.66 

,839-99 
,911.99 
,899.99 
,775-66 
,551-66 
,732-49 

$500.00 
1,022.49 

$3,749.64 
3,246.20 
3,867.78 
4,276.70 
6,651.85 
1,962.74 
3,9l8-4i 
5,212.63 
3,678.81 
2,663.96 
2,755-28 
7,721.62 

"$856'.3o 

March 



April 

May 

$3,075-93 

104.20 



1,213.98 

650.25 

120.92 
575-28 

$7.00 

1,500.00 

:  October 

55-75 
318.50 

4,942.66 





Total  

$3,726.18 

$2,952.63 

$4,949.66 

$2,842.89 

$4,183.53 

$1,572.86 

$24,385.05 

$1,522.49 

$3,570.28 

$49,705.57 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY. 


135 


FOR   THE  YEAR  ENDING  DECEMBER  31,  1875. 


ANNUAL  MEETING  OP  COM- 
MISSIONERS. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  AND 
COMMITTEE  ON  PLANS. 

ADVERTISING. 

OFFICE  EXPENSES,  INCLUDING 
MAIL  MATTER,  EXPRESSAGB, 
TELEGRAPHING,  FREIGHT 
AND  HAULING,  ETC. 

PRINTING,  PHOTOGRAPHING, 
LITHOGRAPHING,  ELECTRO- 
TYPES, ETC. 

STATIONERY,  BOOKS,  PAPERS, 
MAPS,  AND  PLANS. 

SALARIES. 

VIENNA  MINERAL  COLLECTION. 

TERRITORIAL  MINERAL  COL- 
LECTION. 

TRAVELING  EXPENSES. 

TOTAL  PER  MONTH. 

$170.50 
357-3° 
88.69 
4I3-35 
78  28 

$211.98 
251.38 

78.85 

$161.45 
406.76 
362.56 
1,091.50 
1,098.20 
396-09 
920.07 
463-56 
796.00 
725-42 
934-79 
1,122.73 

$?77.00 

1,418.48 
1,482.41 
1,801.25 
1,131-25 
1,575-10 
1,813.05 
2,227.20 
2,406.95 
2,389.70 
1,458.45 
1,405.37 

$£-*  12 

403-97 
53-00 
644.12 
582.86 
388.74 
161.81 
382.58 
184.31 
448.12 
373-50 
497-25 

$1,491-66 
1,391.66 
2,566.65 
4,129.99 
3,695-31 
4,417.80 
4,555.i6 
4,800.58 
5,011-54 
4,193-53 
8,023.19 

6,957-5i 



$3,368.71 
4,231-55 
4.6I7-31 
8,159.06 
12,592.29 
8,007.92 
7,79i-39 
8,105.53 
8,738.36 
8,312.07 
11,139.85 
11,021.73 

February  

March  
April  



A  

$58.60 

IO.OO 

$2,550.09 

13.397-70 
75-oo 
67.80 
35-45 
81.50 
162.64 
57-42 
177-85 

$1,101.69 

43-50 
273.50 
196.16 
258.06 
392-66 

July  ~. 
August  
September.. 
October  
November.. 

::!!.'.'.'.'.*" 

**           * 

861.02 





Total  

$1,101.69 

l3,425-52 

$606.21 

$8,479.13 

$20,036.21 

$4,528.38 

*5i,234-58 

$68.60 

$2,550.09 

$4,055-36 

$96,085.77 

FOR  THE  YEAR   ENDING   DECEMBER  31,  1876. 


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January.... 
February- 
March  



$106.00 
297.20 
906.55 



$1,396-60 
1,224.23 

$1,433-35 
1,200.10 

$515-27 
505-96 

$7,668.53 
10,258.59 
7,744.22 

$213.84 
166.35 

$65.85 

$17.00 

$11,416.34 
13.652.43 

April  
May  

$3,307-" 

145-50 

$5,175-35 
5,403-20 
2,621.00 
702.25 

2,793.88 
556.75 
679.00 
512-95 
646.00 

31.07 

7,83962 
6,975-11 
8,918.27 

7,274.37 
7.315  6i 

63-75 



243-50 
863.87 
15.80 

»3!57»-o8 

10)418.22 
8,695.10 

June  

32.00 

10.00 

22.50 
31-34 

July  .... 





September 

October  . 
November 
December 

5,685-25 
3,800,60 

905.59 
912.28 



* 

.  ..  . 

14,658.27 
11,146.49 



6,433.6l 

c  317  28 





Total.. 

$3,307." 

$1,455.35 

$30,206.25 

$13.449.38 

$3.735-35 

$1,381.41 

$90,284.14 

$467-94 

$65.85 

$1,140.17 

$144,482.85 

REPORT 


OF  THE 


EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE, 


137 


REPORT 


OF   THE 


EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE. 


To  THE  HONORABLE  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION  : 
Since  the  adjournment  of  the  Commission  the   Executive   Com- 
mittee has   held   four  meetings,  the  proceedings  of  which   will   be 
found  in  the  minutes,  presented  for  your  inspection. 

The  final  reports  of  the  heads  of  Executive  Departments,  of  your  Executive 
Executive  Committee,  and  of  its  Executive  officer,  the  Director- 
General,  herewith  transmitted,  will  fully  advise  you  of  the  manner  in 
which  your  Committee  has  employed  the  plenary  powers,  and  dis- 
charged the  duties  delegated  by  the  Commission,  at  its  meeting  in 
December,  1872,  by  the  following  resolution: 

"  The  Committee  shall  have  power  to  make  such  regulations  for  the  transaction  of  their 
business  as  they  may,  from  time  to  time,  deem  proper.  They  may  elect  such  officers  and 
agents  as  they  shall  deem  necessary,  shall  define  their  duties  and  fix  their  compensation. 
During  the  sessions  of  the  Commission,  the  Committee  shall  have  all  the  powers  usually 
exercised  by  the  Executive  Committees  of  corporate  bodies ;  and,  in  the  recess  of  the  Com- 
mission, shall  have  all  the  powers  and  authority  of  this  Commission. 

This  was  a  charter  which  gave  to  the  Committee  control  of,  and 
made  it  responsible  for,  the  preparatory  work  of  the  Exhibition, 
including  supervision  of  the  organization  and  operations  of  the 
Board  of  Finance.  It  involved  frequent  meetings  of  the  Committee 
in  Philadelphia,  and  the  almost  constant  attendance  or  attention  of 
its  Chairman.  In  a  note  following  this  report  will  be  found  the  names 
and  terms  of  service  of  the  members  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
all  of  whom  lived  at  a  distance  from  Philadelphia,  and  were  obliged 
to  leave  their  homes  and  neglect  their  own  affairs,  to  attend  to 
arduous  public  duties,  without  expecting  or  receiving  popular  recog- 
nition or  reward. 

It  is  proper  here  to  allude  to  the  death  of  the  Hon.  John  L.  Shoe- 
maker,  Solicitor  of  the  Commission,  whose  personal  and  professional 
relations  to  the  Committee  and  its  Chairman  were  intimate  and  friendly. 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Mr.  Shoemaker  rendered  important  services  to  the  Centennial  cele- 
bration in  its  origin,  and  in  every  stage  of  the  enterprise.  In  his 
position  as  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Centennial  Committee  of  the  Coun- 
cils of  Philadelphia,  he  was  instrumental  in  influencing  the  action  of 
the  city  and  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  securing  the  muni- 
cipal appropriations,  without  which  the  work,  in  its  earlier  stages, 
could  not  have  been  carried  on.  He  was  entirely  unselfish  ;  devoted, 
with  singleness  of  purpose,  to  his  duties;  an  able,  pure,  and  patriotic 
officer,  and  a  most  estimable  citizen.  To  the  general  expression  of 
sorrow  for  his  early  death,  which  was  caused  by  overwork  and  ex- 
posure in  the  service  of  the  Commission,  the  Committee  adds  this 
personal  and  official  testimonial  of  respect  and  regret. 

Though  there  were  changes  in  &&  personnel  of  the  Committee  to 

Commission,  the  extent  that  but  two  members  had  continuous  official  life  reaching 
over  the  whole  period  of  service,  the  directing  power  remained  from 
year  to  year  substantially  the  same,  the  changes  occurring  mainly 
from  death  or  voluntary  retirement  of  members.  The  official  re- 
ports now  laid  before  you  contain  complete  and  accurate  accounts 
of  the  Executive  organization,  methods  of  administration,  operations, 
and  results.  They  are  too  large  to  discuss  in  detail,  nor  would  it  be 
profitable  to  do  so ;  they  afford  in  themselves  the  best  evidence  of 
-the  ability  and  zeal  of  the  Director-General,  and  of  the  Executive 
officers  under  him.  To  those  whose  fortune  it  may  be  to  organize 
and  direct  the  International  Exhibitions  of  the  future  the  records  of 
the  Centennial  Exhibition  may  be  useful  as  a  guide,  or  interesting  for 
purposes  of  comparison,  and  valuable  lessons  may  be  drawn  from  its 
history. 

Governmental  An  International  Exhibition  should  receive  something  more  than 
national  indorsement.  It  needs  national  support.  The  Centennial 
Exhibition  had  the  interest  of  novelty,  and  its  memorial  character 
enlisted  the  sentiment  of  patriotism  in  its  aid ;  yet  it  must  have  failed 
in  spite  of  the  extraordinary  contributions  of  the  people,  without  the 
appropriations  made  by  the  municipality  of  Philadelphia  and  the 
Legislature  of  Pennsylvania.  The  support  of  the  National  Govern- 
ment, deferred  until,  through  supreme  efforts,  the  difficulties  had 
been  chiefly  overcome,  was  given  in  a  dubious  way,  and  proved  in 
the  end  of  doubtful  benefit.  The  Supreme  Court  decided  that  the 
appropriation  made  by  Congress  was  only  a  loan,  and  the  money  was 
accordingly  refunded  by  the  Board  of  Finance.  The  loss  incurred 
in  an  enterprise  which  the  National  Government  authorized  and  con- 
trolled was  not  paid  by  the  nation,  but  by  the  subscribers  to  the  stock 
of  the  Board  of  Finance.  The  Government  having  sanctioned  the 


REPORT  OF   THE   EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE.  l^l 

project  of  an  Exhibition,  invited  the  concurrence  of  other  nations, 
and  authorized  the  preparation,  it  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  it 
declined  to  share  in  the  expenses  of  a  work  that  has  redounded  so 
much  to  the  honor  and  benefit  of  the  United  States. 

The  defective  legislation  of  Congress  in  constituting  the  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  and  the  devices  necessarily  resorted  to  by  the 
Commission  for  obviating  these  defects,  form  an  instructive  chapter 
in  its  history. 

One  Commissioner  and  one  Alternate  from  each  State  and  Territory  Organization 
of  the  Union,  composing  a  body  of  ninety-four  members,  was  mani-  commission 
festly  too  numerous  and  unwieldy  for  the  prompt  decision  and  rapid 
execution  required  in  carrying  out  the  vast  details  of  an  Exhibition. 
Permanent  sessions  of  so  numerous  a  body  imply  a  great  and,  in 
part,  unnecessary  sacrifice  of  time  by  each  individual,  incompatible 
with  their  private  business ;  and  involve  an  expenditure  of  money 
unwarranted  by  any  reasonable  expectation  of  appropriations  or 
income.  The  wide  dispersion  of  such  a  number  of  persons  renders 
consultation  by  writing  impracticable,  and  the  frequent  reunions  and 
discussions  necessary  in  the  daily  progress  of  business  are  impossible. 
Under  these  circumstances,  the  most  efficient  method  of  preventing 
the  total  failure  of  the  enterprise,  and  of  imparting  activity  and  vigor 
to  the  work,  was,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Commission,  the  institution 
of  a  permanent  Executive  Committee,  to  exercise  during  the  recess 
all  but  the  legislative  powers  of  the  Commission.  Men  who  have 
accepted  important  trusts  are  naturally  and  very  properly  averse  to 
transferring  their  duties  and  functions  to  others,  in  a  manner  not  con- 
templated in  the  terms  of  their  appointment ;  but  the  emergency  that 
pressed  upon  the  members  of  the  Commission,  and  their  patriotic  sense 
of  their  own  obligations  to  accomplish  their  undertaking,  did  not  permit 
them  a  choice.  Nor  was  their  proper  reluctance  to  part  with  authority 
greatly  diminished  by  the  fact  that,  although  in  terms  they  reserved 
to  themselves  the  right  of  revision,  and  affirmation  or  rejection  of 
the  work  of  the  Committee,  such  reservation  was  almost  nominal,  for  Work  of  the 
the  work  to  be  done  was  of  a  nature  that  rendered  nearly  every  sue- 
cessive  act  in  itself  a  finality,  which  could  not  be  revoked. 

Under  these  peculiar  circumstances,  the  outcome  of  defective  legis- 
lation, the  Committee  may  venture  the  remark  that  it  was  never 
forgetful  of  the  anomalous  and  delicate  position  in  which  it  was 
placed,  and  to  express,  with  the  confidence  of  conscious  rectitude  of 
intention,  the  hope  that  the  duties  thus  devolved  upon  it  were  dis- 
charged in  a  manner,  and  attended  with  results  that  leave  in  the  mind 
of  the  Centennial  Commission  no  cause  to  regret  the  course  it  adopted. 


I42  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Finances.  Large  as  was  the  financial  loss  to  the  stockholders  in  the  Exhibition, 

the  results  were  better  than  were  generally  anticipated,  and  such  as 
only  admirable  business  management  could  have  secured.  It  is  to 

Board  of         ^Q  credit  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  that  while  its  managers  labored 

Finance. 

untiringly  for  the  best  pecuniary  results,  they  have  cared  as  highly 
for  moral  as  for  the  material  interests  of  the  Exhibition.  They 
have  been  liberal  in  such  ways  as  make  it  of  largest  worth  to  the 
country  and  to  the  world,  and  have  grudged  no  proper  expense  to 
record  its  operations  and  preserve  its  history.  The  Board  at  all  times 
cheerfully  co-operated  with  the  Commission  in  achieving  the  true 
objects  of  the  Exhibition,  which  were  understood  to  be  the  advance- 
ment of  science  and  the  arts,  and  the  wide  dissemination  of  useful 
knowledge.  A  lower  conception  of  its  purposes  would  have  resulted 
in  neglect  of  the  purely  public  and  national  interests,  the  care  of  which 
was  declined  by  the  National  Government — and  a  better  balance-sheet. 
Benefits  of  the  jt  may  fog  safely  asserted  that  doubts  of  the  utility,  in  its  best  sense, 
of  International  Exhibitions  of  industry  have  been  dispelled  by  the 
Centennial  Exhibition.  Our  country  has  conferred  and  received 
large  benefits.  Its  arts  have  been  improved,  its  industries  quickened, 
and  its  commerce  greatly  extended.  Our  people  have  made  such 
acquaintance  with  the  world  as  travel  might  not  bestow,  our  country 
has  fairly  and  favorably  presented  itself  to  the  family  of  nations, 
and  will  derive  lasting  advantages  not  only  from  the  information 
gained  by  our  citizens,  but  from  what  many  thousand  intelligent 
foreign  visitors  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  have  seen  and  reported 
of  America  and  Americans. 

D.  J.  MORRELL,  Chairman. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN. 

GEORGE  H.  CORLISS. 

A.  R.  BOTELER. 

JOHN  LYNCH. 

GEORGE  B.  LORING. 

C.  P.  KIMBALL. 

R.  C.  McCORMICK. 

S.  F.  PHILLIPS. 

DAVID  ATVVOOD. 

J.  T.  BERNARD. 

J.  H.  B.  LATROBE. 

JOS.  R.  HAWLEY,  Ex  Officio. 
MYER  ASCH, 

Secretary. 


REPORT  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE. 


NOTE. 
TERMS  OF  SERVICE  OF   MEMBERS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

Remarks. 

Served  as  Chairman  until 
close  of  Exhibition. 

Retired  May  10,  1873. 

Retired  May  21,  1875;  re- 
elected  May  1 8,  1876. 

Died  October  I,  1872. 

Retired  May  21,  1875. 
Resigned  April  14,  1875. 
Retired  May  21,  1875. 

Retired  May  22,  1874;  re- 
elected  May  21,  1875. 
Retired  May  22,  1874. 

Retired  May  22,  1874. 
Resigned  October  26, 1874. 


Retired  May  21,  1875. 
Retired  May  21,  1875. 
Attended  first  meeting  of 

Committee  April  14, 1875 ; 

represented     New     York 

after  April  27,  1876. 
Attended   first   meeting   of 

Committee  April  14, 1875. 
Retired  May  21,  1876. 
Retired  May  21,  1876. 

Retired  May  18,  1876. 


Names. 

State  or 

Commencement  of 

Territory. 

Terms  of  Service. 

D.  J.  Morrell  .     . 

.     Pennsylvania  .     . 

March  7,  1872    , 

J.  V.  L.  Pruyn      . 

.     New  York      .     . 

March  7,  1872 

G.  H.  Corliss  .     . 

.     Rhode  Island 

March  7,  1872 

W.  Prescott  Smith 

.     Maryland  .     .     . 

March  7,  1872 

John  Lynch      .     . 

.     Louisiana  .     .     . 

March  7,  1872. 

John  G.  Stevens  . 

.     New  Jersey    .     . 

March  7,  1872 

Walter  W.  Wood  . 

.     Virginia     .     .     . 

March  7,  1872 

James  T.  Enrle     . 

.     Maryland  .     .     . 

Dec.  7,  1872. 

A.  T.  Goshorn 

.     Ohio      .... 

May  10,  1873. 

Geo.  B.  Loring 

.     Massachusetts 

May  10,  1873 

Chas.  H.  Marshall 

.     New  York      .     . 

May  10,  1873 

R.  C.  McCormick 

.     Arizona      .     .     . 

May  10,  1873. 

W.  H.  Parsons      . 

.     Texas   .... 

May  10,  1873 

A.  R.  Boteler  .     . 

.     West  Virginia 

May  10,  1873. 

Lewis  Wain  Smith 

.     Georgia      .     .     . 

May  10,  1873 

N.  M.  Beckwith   . 

.     New  York      .     . 

May  22,  1874. 

E.  A.  Straw     .     . 

.     New    Hampshire 

May  22,  1874 

James  Birney   .     . 

.     Michigan  .     .     . 

May  22,  1874 

C.  P.  Kimball  .     . 

.     Maine  .... 

App'd  in  Febru- 

ary, 1875. 

S.  F.  Phillips   .     . 

.     North  Carolina   . 

App'd   April    14, 

1874. 

Wm.  P.  Blake  .     . 

.     Connecticut    . 

May  21,  1875 

Jas.  E.  Dexter  .     . 

.     Dist.  of  Columbia 

May  21,  1875 

J.  T.  Bernard  .     . 

.     Florida      .     .     . 

May  21,  1875. 

F.  L.  Matthews    . 

.     Illinois       .     .     . 

May  21,  1875      • 

J.  H.  B.  Latrobe  . 

.     Maryland  .     .     . 

May  21,  1875. 

David  Atwood 

.     Wisconsin       .     . 

May  21,  1875. 

Joseph  R.  Hawley    .     Connecticut 


March  7,  1872 


Ex-offtcio   as    President   of 
Commission. 


EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE   DURING   THE   TIME  OF   THE   EXHIBITION. 


DANIEL  J.  MORRELL,  Pennsylvania. 
ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Ohio. 
N.  M.  BECKWITH,  New  York. 
ALEXANDER  R.  BOTELER,  West  Virginia. 
R.  C.  McCoRMiCK,  Arizona. 
JOHN  LYNCH,  Louisiana. 


C.  P.  KIMBALL,  New  York. 
S.  F.  PHILLIPS,  North  Carolina. 
GEORGE  B.  LORINO,  Massachusetts. 
GLORGE  H.  CORLISS,  Rhode  Island. 
JOHN  H.  B.  LATROBE,  Maryland. 
DAVID  ATWOOD,  Wisconsin. 


J.  T.  BERNARD,  Florida. 


JOURNAL 


OF    THE 


|roceedinjg8  of  the  Imted  Jpt^  Centennial  ijtammton. 


NINTH    AND    FINAL   SESSION. 


19  '45 


JOURNAL 


OF    THE 


entennial  Commission. 


NINTH    AND   FINAL  SESSION. 

PARLOR  C,  CONTINENTAL  HOTEL, 

PHILADELPHIA,  January  15,  1879 

The  Commission  met  this  day  at    12  o'clock  noon,  pursuant   to 
a  call  issued  by  its  President. 

The  following  States  and  Territories  were  represented : 

Alabama. — Richard  M.  Nelson. 

J.  L.  Cooper. 
Arizona. — Richard  C.  McCormick. 

John  Wasson. 

California. — John  Dunbar  Creigh. 
Connecticut. — Joseph  R.  Hawley. 

William  Phipps  Blake. 
Dakota. — John  A.  Burbank. 

Solomon  L.  Spink. 

District  of  Columbia. — I..  A.  Gobright. 
Florida. — T.  H.  Osborn. 

J.  T.  Bernard. 
Georgia. — George  Hillyer. 
Idaho. — Thomas  Donaldson. 
Indiana. — John  L.  Campbell. 
Iowa. — Robert  Lowry. 
Kentucky. — Smith  M.  Hobbs. 
Louisiana. — John  Lynch. 
Maryland. — John  H.  B.  Latrobe. 


148  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Massachusetts. — George  B.  Loring. 
Mississippi. — O.  C.  French. 
Montana. — Joseph  P.  Woolman. 
Nebraska. — Henry  S.  Moody. 
New  Hampshire. — M.  V.  B.  Edgerly. 
New  Jersey. — Orestes  Cleveland. 
New  York. — N.  M.  Beckwithu 

C.  P.  Kimball. 

North  Carolina. — Jonathan  W.  Albertson. 
Ohio. — Alfred  T.  Goshorn. 
Oregon. — Andrew  J.  Dufur. 
Pennsylvania. — Daniel  J.  Morrell. 

Asa  Packer. 

Rhode  Island. — George  H.  Corliss. 
Tennessee. — William  F.  Prosser. 
Texas. — Wm.  Henry  Parsons. 

John  C.  Chew. 
Utah.— Win.  Haydon. 
Vermont. — Henry  Chase. 
Virginia. — M.  P.  Handy. 

Washington  Territory. — Alexander  S.  Abernethy. 
West  Virginia. — Alexander  R.  Boteler. 
Wyoming. — J.  M.  Carey. 

General  Hawley,  in  calling  the  Commission  to  order,  expressed 
his  satisfaction  at  meeting  so  many  of  his  colleagues,  and  congratu- 
lated them  upon  the  honorable  and  successful  completion  of  the 
work  that  had  been  intrusted  to  their  hands.  This  work  had  been 
done  in  spite  of  many  discouraging  circumstances,  and  much  posi- 
tive and  actual  opposition,  and  the  Exhibition  had  been  a  grand  and 
magnificent  success.  It  was  not  in  all  points  what  the  Commission 
desired  it  might  be,  but  he  asked  his  fellow-members  to  imagine  what 
it  might  have  been  if  Congress  had  done  its  duty  in  connection 
with  it.  Two-thirds  of  the  troubles  of  the  Commission  would  not 
have  existed  if  the  representatives  of  the  nation  had  given  the  Com- 
mission what  should  have  been  theirs,  and  as  a  result  of  this  remiss- 
ness  of  duty,  the  industries  of  the  nation  were  not  shown  as  they 
might  have  been.  No  International  Exhibition  had  ever  been  held 
at  which  such  attention  was  paid  to  the  innumerable  small  details 
requisite  for  the  public  comfort  and  convenience,  and  in  this  respect 
the  Philadelphia  Exhibition  far  surpassed  that  held  in  Paris  last  year. 
When  the  Centennial  Exhibition  was  projected,  many  Congressmen 


JOURNAL  OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION.\^g 

declared  that  we  had  nothing  to  show  to  the  other  nations.  They 
were  probably  thinking  of  Raphaels  and  Praxiteles.  Perhaps  we  had 
not  such  as  these,  but  we  had  a  nation  to  show.  And  it  did  itself 
no  discredit  in  the  showing.  It  has  been  justly  said  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Exhibition  that  it  expressed  itself  to  the  mind,  while  other 
International  Exhibitions  expressed  themselves  to  the  eye.  The 
Centennial  had  no  small  influence  in  improving  the  standing  and 
relations  of  the  United  States  with  other  Governments,  and,  to  use 
a  commercial  expression,  we  have  been  exceedingly  well  advertised. 
We  have  gained  in  self-respect  and  self-appreciation,  and  we  have 
also  gained  in  trade  and  commerce.  The  Exhibition  has  shown  to 
foreign  dealers  what  can  be  sent  here  to  advantage,  and  what  can  be 
got  from  here,  and  thus  the  business  interests  of  the  country  have 
received  a  great  help.  He  knew  of  one  manufacturing  firm  in  New 
England  which  had  expended  over  thirty  thousand  dollars  in  con- 
nection with  the  Exhibition,  and  who  now  declare  that  it  is  the  best 
investment  they  ever  made.  The  objects  of  the  Commission  were 
always  national  and  patriotic,  and  they  had  been  able  to  live  down 
adverse  criticism.  General  Hawley  gave  full  credit  to  Philadelphia 
and  Pennsylvania  for  what  they  had  done  in  behalf  of  the  Exhibition, 
and  unqualifiedly  declared  that,  without  their  aid  given  at  the  time 
and  in  the  manner  and  measure  that  it  was,  the  great  celebration 
could  not  have  been  held.  Renewing  his  congratulations  to  his 
fellow-Commissioners,  he  expressed  his  profound  thanks  to  Heaven 
that  the  Commission  had  been  able  to  do  so  well. 

Mr.  Morrell  submitted  the  report  of  the  Executive  Committee.* 

The  report  was  read  and,  on  motion,  accepted. 

Mr.  French,  of  Mississippi,  moved  that  a  committee  of  three  (3) 
be  appointed  to  draft  a  resolution  of  thanks  to  the  officers  of  the 
Commission. 

Agreed  to. 

The  Chair  appointed  as  the  committee,  Mr.  French,  of  Mississippi ; 
Mr.  McCormick,  of  Arizona ;  Mr.  Cleveland,  of  New  Jersey. 

The  communication  of  John  Hare  Powel  &  Co.,  referred  by  the 
Executive  Committee  to  the  Commission,  asking  that  the  diploma 
and  medal  originally  awarded  be  reaffirmed,  was  submitted  and  read. 

Mr.  Goshorn  moved  that  the  action  of  the  Commission  in  reference 
to  an  award  to  Robert  Hare  Powel  &  Co.  be  reconsidered,  and  the 
award  made  them  as  originally  reported. 

Agreed  to. 

*  See  page  139. 


l$0  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 

A  communication  from  Samuel  Raynor  &  Co.,  asking  that  a  diploma 
be  awarded  to  Samuel  Raynor,  was  submitted. 

Mr.  McCormick  moved  that  two  awards  be  given  Samuel  Raynor 
&  Co.  and  Samuel  Raynor  for  their  exhibits,  according  to  the  reports 
of  the  Judges,  in  lieu  of  the  diploma  made  out  in  the  name  of  Samuel 
Raynor  &  Co. 

Agreed  to. 

Mr.  Packer,  of  Pennsylvania,  submitted  the  following  report : 

REPORT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES   CENTENNIAL  COM- 
MISSION COMMITTEE  ON  FINANCE  AND  ACCOUNTS. 

To  THE  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 

GENTLEMEN, — At  the  session  of  your  body  which  was  held  on  the 
igth  day  of  May,  1876,  the  Commissioner  from  Massachusetts,  Dr. 
Loring,  offered  the  following  resolution,  which  was  unanimously 
adopted  : 

Resolved,  That  the  Standing  Committee  of  Finance  and  Accounts 
be  instructed  to  act  as  an  auditing  committee,  to  audit  the  accounts 
of  the  Board  of  Finance,  as  required  by  the  Act  of  Congress  approved 
June  i,  1872. 

In  compliance  with  this  resolution,  your  Standing  Committee  on 
Finance  and  Accounts  have  examined  the  books  and  vouchers  of  the 
Board  of  Finance,  and  find  them  to  be  correct. 

The  tabular  statements  hereto  annexed  show  the  entire  receipts 
and  the  sources  from  which  they  came,  the  entire  disbursements,  and 
severally  the  objects  for  which  the  money  was  paid. 

These  figures  are  sufficiently  comprehensive  in  scope  and  minute 
in  detail  to  make  plain  the  financial  results  of  the  Exhibition. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  examination  of  the  books  and  accounts 
of  the  Board,  your  Committee  indorsed  on  the  statement  of  the 
Board  of  Finance  of  January  I,  1879,  the  following  certificate,  which 
is  hereby  submitted  for  approval,  viz. : 

'•CENTENNIAL  BOARD  OF  FINANCE  ROOMS. 
"  PHILADELPHIA,  January  8,  1879. 

"  The  undersigned,  constituting  a  majority  of  the  Committee  on 
Finance  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  appointed  by 
the  Commission  to  perform  the  duties  imposed  on  said  body  by  Sec- 
tion 10  of  the  Act  of  Congress  approved  June  I,  1872,  in  regular 
session  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  pursuant  to  a  call  duly  issued  by 
the  Chairman  of  said  Committee  to  its  members  to  meet  for  the  pur- 


JOURNAL  OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION.'^ 

pose  of  auditing  the  accounts  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance, 
do  certify  that  they  have  examined  the  books,  papers,  and  vouchers 
of  said  Board,  and  find  them  correct,  and  the  financial  results  of  the 
Exhibition  correctly  summarized  in  the  pages  of  this  book,  from  folio 
4  to  folio  25  inclusive. 

(Signed)  "  ASA  PACKER. 

"  Chairman  Committee  Finance,  U.  S.  C.  C, 
"JOHN  LYNCH. 
"  ROYAL  C.  TAFT. 
"THOMAS  DONALDSON. 
"R.  M.  NELSON. 
''T.  W.  OSBORN." 

Your  Committee  take  pleasure  in  expressing  their  admiration  of 
the  system  adopted  and  faithfully  executed  by  the  Board  of  Finance 
in  their  management  of  the  financial  affairs  of  the  Centennial  Exhi- 
bition. 

Appreciating  the  personal  and  official  courtesies  extended  to  them 
in  furtherance  of  their  duties,  your  Committee  call  attention  to  the 
fidelity,  integrity,  and  official  worth  of  Frederick  Fraley,  the  Secretary 
and  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  who,  as  custodian  of  the  funds, 
won  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact. 

General  H.  S.  Lansing,  the  Auditor  and  Chief  Accountant  of  the 
Board  of  Finance,  has  laid  your  Committee  under  obligation  for 
official  courtesies  in  the  performance  of  their  duty.  His  devotion, 
untiring  industry,  and  complete  system  in  keeping  the  complex  ac- 
counts involved  are  worthy  of  the  highest  commendation. 

The  tabular  statements  annexed  explain  themselves.  Your  Com- 
mittee hope  the  information  they  contain  will  be  found  satisfactory 
and  interesting  to  the  Commission  and  the  public. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

ASA   PACKER. 
Chairman  of  Committee  on  Finance  and  Accounts. 

JOHN    LYNCH. 

T.    W.   OSBORN. 

R.    M.   NELSON. 

THOMAS   DONALDSON. 

ROYAL   C.   TAFT. 
PHILADELPHIA,  January  15,  1879. 


152 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Full  Statement  of  the  Centennial 


1.  Building  account  (sundry  buildings)       .         .         .  $2,675,960.32 
Memorial  Hall  (City  and  State)      ....  1,564,398.56 
Machinery  Hall  (Philadelphia)      ....  634,863.48 
Horticultural  Hall  (Philadelphia)  ....  367,073.47 

2.  U.  S.  Government  loan  (refunded) 

3.  Grounds,  grading,  and  drainage      ....        640,980.30 

4.  Bridges,  fences,  etc 281,802.39 

5.  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission  expenses  .         .         .        359,013.50 

6.  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission  awards     .         .         .        3°3j374-37 

7.  General  expense  account 

8.  International  Exhibition  Company  (31,777  shares 

of  Centennial  stock  held  as  collateral) 

9.  Suspense  account  (in  course  of  collection) 

10.  Stocks,  received  in  settlement  of  bad  accounts,  value 

11.  Advanced  on  final  dividend  ..... 

12.  Distribution  of  assets  on  capital  stock    .         .         .        404,661.25 

13.  Interest  on  payments  to  January  i,  1876  .         .         .         113,024.18 


$5,242,295.83 
1,500,000.00 


922,782.69 


662,387.87 


14.  Cash  on  hand 


130,115.90 

I5.932.54 
1,265.47 
9,671.08 


517,685.43 
163,630.96 


$11,161,611.55 


JOURNAL   OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL   COMMISSION. 


'S3 


Board  of  Finance,  January  i,   1879. 

15.  Capital  stock 

16.  Income  account     ....... 

17.  State  of  Pennsylvania  (appropriation)    . 

1 8.  City  of  Philadelphia  (appropriation) 

19.  U.  S.  Government  (appropriation) 

20.  Amount  due  stockholders  on  distribution  of   assets      $517,685.43 
Amount  paid  them  to  date     .....         489,749.66 


Balance  due  on  first  distribution 


$2,312,350.00 
4,821,325.78 
1,000,000.00 
1,500,000.00 
1 ,500,000.00 


27,935-77 


Correct. 


$11,161,611.55 


H.  S.  LANSING, 

Auditor  and  Chief  Accountant. 


20 


154 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


BUILDING   ACCOUNT. 


Sundry  Buildings,  viz. : 


Main  Building     ..... 

Memorial  Hall     ...... 

Machinery  Hall  ..... 

Horticultural  Hall 

Agricultural  Hall 

Annex  to  Art  Gallery  . 

Carriage  Annex  ..... 

Shoe  and  Leather  Building  . 

Judges'  Hall        .         .         .         .         . 

Photographic  Hall        .... 

Mineral  Annex    ...... 

Women's  Building  . 
Horticultural  Tent  . 
Medical  Building  . 
Dairymen's  Building  . 
Boiler  House  No.  I 
Boiler  House  No.  2 

Boiler  House  No.  3 

Boiler  House  No.  4 

Saw  Mill  and  Boiler  House 

Boiler  House  No.  6     . 

City  of  Philadelphia  Building 

Engine  House      .          .         .         .-'..., 

Music  Stand         ...... 

Music  Pavilion     ...... 

Temporary  Park  Office          . 

Pomological  Building  . 

Wagon  Annex      ...... 

Eating  Barracks  ...... 

Police  Station  Houses  . 

United  States  Centennial  Commission  Office 

Centennial  Board  of  Finance  Office 

Public  Comfort  Building      . 

Telegraph  Office  ...... 

Total 

Total  cost  of  buildings  as  above   . 
Appropriation  by  City  of  Philadelphia 
Appropriation  by  State  of  Pennsylvania     . 


$1,763,600.17 

1,564,398.56 

634,863.48 

367,073.47 

299,426.62 

109,045.67 

60,171.85 

38,663.92 

30,293.48 


$1,500,000.00 

1 ,000,000.00 


22,007.83 

34,603.99 

4,380.00 

2,130.25 

10,000.00 

I5,57i-i5 
22,621.46 
42,861.76 
24,696.89 
12,926.25 

3,34i.7i 

6,691.10 

10,725.00 

1,143.80 

3,484.00 

5,924.02 

19,278.66 

10,152.50 

10,412.72 

29,990.04 

19,936.50 

21,460.50 

5,200.00 

4,684.65 

$5,242,295.83 
$5,242,295.83 


$2,500,000.00 


Amount  paid  by  Centennial  Board  of  Finance 


$2,742,295.83 


JOURNAL  OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION.^ 


GROUNDS,   GRADING,   AND   DRAINAGE. 

Laborers'  pay-roll £295,391.08 

Roads  and  walks          ...........  166,993.65 

Grading 59,861.51 

Sundry  expenses          ...........  59,612.70 

Sewers  and  pipes         ...........  17,722.58 

Lamps  and  gas    ............  15,64661 

Urinals        .............  11,004.58 

Salaries  of  engineers  and  superintendents     .         .         .         .         .         .     (    .  6,712.48 

Cleaning  vaults   ............  5,108.75 

Ornamental          ............  2,823.05 

Advertising         ............  103.31 


Total $640,980.30 


BRIDGES,   FENCES,   AND   OTHER   STRUCTURES. 

Water-supply       ............  $73,207.61 

Lansdowne  Valley  bridge    ..........  61,138.10 

Belmont  Valley  bridge 17,925.54 

Entrance  gates 34,543-3 ' 

Grand  platform 7,845.03 

Boundary  fence  ............  10,236.58 

Car  sheds    .............  1,042.06 

Live-stockyards 32,351.34 

Gas-supply .         .         .  32,336.16 

Railroad 11,176.66 


Total $281,802.39 


UNITED    STATES   CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION   EXPENSES. 

United  States  Centennial  Commissioners'  personal  expenses          .         .         .  $130,274.48 

Pay-rolls 94,814.26 

General  expense .         .  %     66,999.28 

Advertising  and  printing      ..........  43,080.33 

Plans  and  drawings      ...........  23,845.15 


Total $359,013-5° 

(The  above  includes  $6000  for  expenses  of  meeting  of  January,  1879.) 

BUREAU   OF   AWARDS. 

General  expense  of  Bureau $104,834.37 

Paid  Judges  for  services 198,540.00 

Total         ....  5303,374.37 


156 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


JUDGES   OF   AWARD. 

117  Foreign  Judges,  of  whom  116  received  $1000  each;  one,  Mr.  H.  G.Joly,  of  Canada, 
would  only  receive  $600,  as  he  was  not  a  foreigner  and  nearer  than  many  of  the  United 
States  Judges,  who  received  but  $600,  and  he  would  accept  of  no  more. 


117  Foreign  Judges,  total  paid          ...... 

116  United  States  Judges  at  $600  each,  and  I  expert  at  $200,  total 
6 1  Live- Stock,  etc.,  Judges  at  $100  each  ..... 

5  Pomological  Judges  at  $250  each  .         .         .         .    '     . 

2  Experts  at  $500  each 

5  Judges  at  $150  each      .         .         .         .         .         . 

9  Appeal  Judges  at  $360  each  .         . 


$116,600 

69,600 

6, 100 

1,250 

1,000 

750 
3,240 


Total $198040 


GENERAL   EXPENSE  ACCOUNT. 


Police  Department    ....... 

Fire  Department       ....... 

Admission  Department      ...... 

Terminal  Agency  Department  ..... 

Transportation  Department        ..... 

Engineers'  and  Architects'  Department     . 
Custom-House  Department        ..... 

Medical  Department          ...... 

Telegraph  Department      ...... 

Supply  Department  .         .         .         .         . 

Cleaning  Department         .         .          ... 

Installation  (Main  Building)      .          . 

Machinery  Department     ...... 

Agricultural  Department  .         .         .        ' . 
Horticultural  Department  ..... 

Fine  Art  Department         ...... 

Press  Department     . 

Advertising  and  printing  in  general  .... 

Bureau  of  Revenue,  expenses  ..... 

Bureau  of  Revenue,  stock  commissions     . 
Office  furniture  ... 

Insurance          .         . 
Paymaster  (short)      .... 

Closing  expenses  to  January  I,  1879 

Restoring  grounds     .         . 

Centennial  Board  of  Finance  (salaries  and  expenses) 

Opening  and  closing  ceremonials       .... 

Fire-works,  balloons,  etc 

Tournament      ........ 

Music 

Banquet  November  9,  1876       ..... 


$17,202.98 

22,920.00 

1 ,466.04 

44,063.75 

2,298.99 


$477,724.61 

126,301.66 

146,035.00 

161,694.14 

12,976.41 

83,490.52 

7,102.43 

9,700.39 

4,243.61 

26,323.86 

9,988.31 

ui,857.i3 

278,923.65 

84,719.95 

40,236.21 


28,997.13 

29,954.11 

2,727.29 

160.95 

4,534-88 

18,055.66 

26,619.61 

147,874.79 


87,951.76 


Total $1,995,843.78 


JOURNAL  OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION.^ 


DETAILS   OF   INCOME   ACCOUNT. 

Received  from  concessions $236,030.06 

Received  from  royalties,  viz. : 

Malt  liquors $27,629.61 

Mineral  waters  .......  1 7,385. 15 

General  sales    ........  159,366.34 

•  $204,381.10 
Received  donations  from  tea-parties,  individuals,  etc.   .....  79,403.22 

Received  forfeited  stock  for  non-payment  of  calls          .....  35,849.50 

Received  from  sales  of 

Medals $17,987.47 

Furniture,  etc. 33-335-64 

Buildings 290,142.05 

•  $341,465.16 
Received  for  storage  of  empty  boxes   ........  $10,716.64 

Received  for  water  rents      ..........  6,519.34 

Received  from  sale  of  mineral  ores      ........  5,052.00 

Received  from  sale  of  memorial  certificates           ......  35-°° 

Received  for  rent  of  rooms  and  stable          .......  165.00 

INTEREST   ACCOUNT. 

For  cash  balances  in  bank    ..........  $67,417.77 

Admission  money  at  gales    ..........  3,834,290.99 

Total $4,821,325.78 

DETAIL   OF   AMOUNTS   RECEIVED    FOR   CONCESSIONS. 

From  restaurants $72,400.00 

From  photographs        ...........  3,000.00 

From  Guide  Book        ...........  5,000.00 

From  dairy           ............  3,000.00 

From  rolling-chairs      ...........  10,000.00 

From  Globe  Hotel  (outside)         .........  10,301.50 

From  Terminal  Agency  Company        ........  7,000.00 

From  Centennial  National  Bank           ........  5,000.00 

From  soda  water          .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  20,000.00 

From  tobacco  and  cigars      ..........  21,000.00 

From  manufacturing  of  glass        .........  3,000.00 

From  cut  flowers          ...........  3,000.00 

From  confectionery      .         .         .          .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  5,000.00 

From  bakery        ............  3,000.00 

From  safe  deposit 3,500.00 

From  parlor  matches   ...........  1,000.00 

From  printing      ............  4,488.57 

From  pop-corn  and  lemonade       .........  8,000.00 

From  Public  Comfort  ...........  8,500.00 

From  Centennial  Catalogue  Company  ........  39,089.99 

From  American  District  Telegraph  Company        ......  750.00 

Total 5236,030.06 


INTERNAJ^IONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


ROYALTIES    ON    SALES. 

Received  from  railroad  (narrow-gauge)         .......  $19,749.44 

^^  Elevator    ............  10,026.37 

Telegraphs 10,716.34 

Machine-shops 9,045.56 

Photographs 13,272.51 

Manufacture  of  glass 20,201.47 

Manufacture  of  silk  ..........  20,588.19 

Manufacture  of  wood  carvings 9,105.01 

Manufacture  of  steel,  iron,  and  bronze        .         .         .         .         .         .  5A77-°3 

Perfumery 5,008.22 

Jewelry,  etc 2,857.40 

Candies 3,716.56 

Printing 3^30-38 

Cider 3,666.18 

Manufacture  of  worsted  goods 1,420.43 

Cotton  thread 1,082.02 

Butter  and  cheese 2,251.94 

Small  tin  pails   . .  2,677.47 

Plated  ware        .                  1,244.88 

Syrups,  sugar,  etc 1,418.57 

Embossing  press 1,061.43 

Soap 335-°° 

Rubber  goods 282.29 

Turtle  shell 639.80 

China-ware         ...........  3°4-39 

Letter-writer 465.91 

Paper  boxes,  tags,  etc .  210.42 

Sales  of  books 2,691.28 

Guano 22.55 

Paints 282.57 

Furs 104.43 

Cement 260.75 

Flour,  crackers,  etc .         .  558.16 

Moorish  articles 587.86 

Turkish  articles 1,183.09 

Tunisian  articles 2,334.98 

Syrian  articles 354-74 

Jerusalem  goods 99-97 

Algerian  goods 329.87 

Brazilian  goods 600.88 


Total $159,366.34 


JOURNAL  OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL 


DONATIONS. 

From  R.  Hoe  &  Co.,  New  York   ....                  ....  £1,000.00 

H.  F.  Spalding,  New  York 1,000.00 

Steinway  &  Sons,  New  York       .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  1,000.00 

Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  Boston      ........  500.00 

Harper  &  Brothers,  New  York    ........  1,000.00 

Faulkner,  Page,  &  Co.,  Boston  ........  2,500.00 

Thomas  Smith    ...........  200.00 

Russel  &  E.  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York        ....  1,000.00 

Joseph  Nye        ...........  500.00 

Brewer  &  Tilestnn     .         .         .         .         . .       .         .         .         .         .  100.00 

T.  J.  M 300.00 

Baring  Brothers  &  Co.,  per  John  W.  Forney       .....  837.22 

Gamewell  &  Co.         ...........  750.00 

Ladies  of  Quincy,  Massachusetts         .......  500.00 

W.  L.  Schaffer .  250.00 

E.  E.  Simpson  (tea-party)  .........  221.79 

J.  S.  Clark,  from  Europe,  per  John  W.  Forney    .....  1,098.68 

A.  J.  Drexel 100.00 

Sundry  individuals,  tea-parties,  etc. 3,402.62 

Police  force  of  Philadelphia 23,413.33 

Amount  collected  by  ladies  for  "  Women's  Building"         .         .         .  31,068.71 

Amount  collected  by  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee          .  8,660.87 


Total #79,403.22 


STOCK. 

4276  subscribers  to  the  capital  stock  made  partial  payment,  and  having  failed  to  pay  in 
full  after  full  notice  had  been  given  them,  the  same  was  forfeited  (in  accordance  with  a 
resolution  of  the  Board)  February  I,  1877. 

The  total  amount  of  such  payments  was 

On   17,858  shares,  amounting  to      ......     $35,849.50 

Original  number  of  subscribers         ....     20,551 
Number  forfeited      .......       4,276 

Number  of  stockholders    ......     16,275 

Of  these,  5012  have  not  received  their  portion  of  first  division  of  assets,  amounting  to 
127,935-77- 


i6o 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


DETAIL  OF  SALE  OF  BUILDINGS. 

Main  Building $250,000.00 

Judges'  Hall 1,500.00 

Boiler  House  No.  I 1,100.50 

Corliss  Boiler  House  No.  2          .........  1,400.00 

Carriage  Building        ...........  4,100.00 

Shoe  and  Leather  Building .         .         .  3,000.00 

Boiler  House,  Agricultural  Hall .         .  250.00 

Agricultural  Hall         ...........  13,100.00 

Pomological  Hall        ...........  1,250.00 

Mineral  Annex   ............  1,000.00 

Photograph  Hall 1,000.00 

Annex  Art  Gallery      ...........  3,050.00 

Medical  Building 300.00 

U.  S.  Commission  Office,  Public  Comfort 375-OO 

Police  Station  Houses 155.00 

Boiler  House  and  Machine  Shop  No.  3       .......  2,200.00 

Boiler  House  No.  4 1,400.00 

Saw  Mill  and  Boiler  House  No.  5 1,275.00 

Boiler  House  No.  6 .         .  300.00 

Music  Pavilion    ......          ......  100.00 

Wagon  Annex 850.00 

Horticultural  Tent 600.00 

Dairymen's  Building  ...........  1,100.00 

Office  of  Centennial  Board  of  Finance         .......  675.00 

Office  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission     ........  600.00 

Police  Barracks 1,725.00 

Engine  House 800.00 

Eating  Barracks 540.00 

Municipal  Building     ...........  3&5-75 

Spanish  Building 40.00 

Pump  House 25.00 


$294,245.75 


Deduct  commission  and  expenses  for  sale  of  buildings  by  M. 

Thomas  &  Sons        .         .         ...         .         .         .  $3,578.70 

Damages  tearing  down  Municipal  Building      .         .         .  300.00 

Damages  tearing  down  Arkansas  Building       .         .         .  225.00 


4,103.70 


Total  net  proceeds 


#290,142.05 


SUNDRIES. 

Total  number  of  vouchers $I5>2I3 

Total  paid  for  advertising 78,134-57 

The  report  was,  on  motion,  accepted  and  adopted. 


JOURNAL  OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION.^ 

Letters  of  regret  at  not  being  able  to  attend  the  final  meeting  were 
received  from  Messrs.  Atwood,  Nye,  Phillips,  Clarkson,  Spooner, 
McNeil,  Hays,  Crawford,  Shaw,  McCoy,  Meeker,  and  Peters. 

Mr.  Creigh,  of  California,  informed  the  Commission  of  the  death 
of  his  colleague,  Mr.  Kooser. 

Mr.  McCormick  announced  that  of  J.  Marshall  Paul,  of  Colorado. 

Mr.  Cleveland,  of  New  Jersey,  moved  that,  the  Commission  having 
heard  with  regret  of  the  deaths  of  Messrs.  Kooser  and  Paul,  appro- 
priate resolutions  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Agreed  to. 

Mr.  Morrell,  of  Pennsylvania,  referred  to  the  death  of  the  Hon. 
Morton  McMichael,  President  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Board,  and 
the  Hon.  John  L.  Shoemaker,  late  Solicitor  to  the  Commission. 

Mr.  Cleveland,  of  New  Jersey,  moved  that  a  committee  of  three  (3) 
be  appointed  to  draft  resolutions  expressive  of  regret  and  regard 
referring  to  the  deaths  of  Mr.  McMichael  and  Mr.  Shoemaker. 

Agreed  to. 

The  Chair  announced  as  the  committee  Messrs.  Morrell,  Latrobe, 
and  Boteler. 

Mr.  Lynch,  of  Louisiana,  offered  the  following  resolutions  : 

Resolved,  That  the  final  reports  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the 
Director-General,  Secretary,  and  President,  together  with  the  reports 
on  Awards  and  of  the  Committee  on  Finance  and  Accounts,  are 
hereby  approved. 

Resolved,  That  the  President  of  the  Commission  is  hereby  directed 
to  present  said  reports  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  Act  of  Congress,  as  the  final  reports  of  this  body. 

Adopted. 

On  motion,  a  recess  was  taken  until  4  o'clock  P.M. 

J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 


4  o'clock  P.M. 

The  Commission  re-assembled. 

Mr.  Morrell,  on  taking  the  chair,  informed  General  Hawley  that 
the  members  present  had  decided  to  tender  him  a  testimonial  in  con- 
sideration of  his  faithful  services  as  presiding  officer  of  the  Commis- 
sion since  its  organization. 

General  Hawley  replied  that  the  action  of  the  gentlemen  was  a 
surprise  to  him,  for  he  had  been  sufficiently  rewarded  by  the  success 
of  the  Exhibition,  and  added  that  although  the  duties  of  the  office 
were  not  always  easy,  he  nevertheless  felt  proud  that  he  had  been 

21 


102  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

connected  with  the  enterprise,  and  thanked  the  members  for  their 
tribute. 

Mr.  Latrobe,  of  Maryland,  for  the  committee  appointed  to  draft 
resolutions  referring  to  the  deaths  of  the  Hon.  Morton  McMichael 
and  Mr.  John  L.  Shoemaker,  offered  the  following  : 

Resolved,  That  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  have 
heard  with  great  regret  of  the  death  of  the  Honorable  Morton 
McMichael  since  the  last  meeting  of  the  Commission. 

That  not  only  as  a  man,  universally  beloved  and  valued  in  the  city 
whose  highest  office  he  had  held,  and  in  whose  service,  in  other 
official  stations,  he  had  been  eminently  useful,  do  this  Commission, 
in  common  with  her  fellow-citizens,  lament  his  death  ;  but  they  feel 
especially  called  upon,  on  this  occasion,  to  recognize  the  great  in- 
terest which,  as  President  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Fair- 
mount  Park,  he  manifested  in  promoting  the  undertaking  that  has  now 
been  so  happily  achieved,  and  which  in  no  small  degree  was  de- 
pendent  on  the  location  of  the  Exhibition  in  the  beautiful  park  in 
whose  government  he  was  at  all  times  so  prominent.  Nor  can  the 
Commission  close  this  brief  notice  without  recalling  those  occasions 
of  social  intercourse  in  which  Mr.  McMichael's  kindly,  genial,  and 
hospitable  nature  contributed  so  much  to  the  enjoyment  of  all  around 
him. 

Adopted. 

Expressions  of  regard  and  sympathy  for  the  loss  of  Mr.  McMichael 
were  made  by  Messrs.  Morrell,  Goshorn,  Cleveland,  and  McCormick. 

Mr.  Latrobe  offered  the  following  resolution : 

Resolved,  That  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  have 
heard  with  regret  of  the  death  of  Mr.  John  L.  Shoemaker,  Counselor 
and  Solicitor  of  the  Commission,  since  its  last  meeting. 

Of  all  those  to  whose  unstinted  service  the  Commission  in  its  early 
existence  was  indebted  for  encouragement  and  success,  no  one  was 
more  conspicuous  than  Mr.  Shoemaker,  whose  deserved  influence 
in  the  City  Councils  of  Philadelphia,  -  and  whose  enlightened  and 
enlarged  views  and  devoted  energy,  were  at  all  times  at  the  service 
of  the  Commission,  and  are  now  gratefully  remembered  and  grate- 
fully acknowledged. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  the  above  resolutions  be  sent  to  Mrs. 
Shoemaker. 

Adopted. 

The  Secretary,  Mr.  Campbell,  and  Mr.  Morrell  expressed  their 
sympathy  for  the  loss  of  Mr.  Shoemaker. 

Mr.  Nelson,  of  Alabama,  moved  that  the  records  of  the  United 


JOURNAL  OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSIONS^ 

States  Centennial  Commission  be  placed  in  the  custody  of  the 
Librarian  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  for  preservation  when  a  proper 
fire-proofroom  is  provided  for  them  in  the  buildings  under  the  control 
of  said  Institution. 

Agreed  to. 

Mr.  Lowry,  of  Iowa,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Com- 
mission are  eminently  due,  and  are  hereby  tendered,  to  the  citizens 
of  Philadelphia  for  the  kindness  and  courtesy  always  extended  to 
the  Commission  from  its  organization,  on  the  4th  of  March,  1872,  to 
its  close. 

Adopted. 

Mr.  Kimball,  of  New  York,  offered  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  the  President  of  the  Commission,  the  Chairman  of 
the  Executive  Committee,  and  the  Director-General  are  hereby  au- 
thorized and  instructed  to  settle  all  business  relating  to  the  Centennial 
Exhibition  that  remains  unfinished  at  the  close  of  this  meeting. 

Adopted. 

By  Mr.  Latrobe : 

Resolved,  The  United  States  Centennial  Commission  have  heard 
of  the  death  since  their  last  meeting  of  J.  M.  Paul  and  J.  S.  Adams, 
members,  and  D.  P.  Kooser,  an  Alternate,  and  regret  that  they  are 
no  longer  living  to  enjoy,  as  they  would  have  done,  the  final  success 
of  the  undertaking  which,  during  their  lives,  they  had  labored  to 
promote. 

Adopted. 

Resolution  offered  by  Mr.  French,  of  Mississippi : 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Commission  are  hereby  tendered 
to  all  of  the  officers  of  the  Commission  for  efficient  services — credit- 
able alike  to  themselves  and  country — in  the  great  enterprise  in 
which  we  have  been  engaged,  and  which  has  been  brought  to  a 
termination  so  successful  and  gratifying. 

Adopted. 

By  Mr.  Gobright,  of  the  District  of  Columbia: 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Commission  are  also  due,  and 
are  hereby  tendered,  to  the  press  of  the  country  for  its  necessary 
agency  in  assisting  to  assure  the  success  of  the  Exhibition. 

Adopted. 

By  Mr.  Cleveland,  of  New  Jersey : 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Commission  are  especially  due 
and  heartily  tendered  to  the  Hon.  George  H.  Corliss,  of  Rhode 
Island,  for  the  benefits  derived  from  his  munificent  generosity  in 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

furnishing  the  motive-power  for  Machinery  Hall  at  an  expense  to 
himself,  believed  by  the  Commission  to  be  in  excess  of  any  donation 
ever  made  by  a  private  individual  to  a  similar  Exhibition. 

Adopted. 

By  Mr.  Cleveland,  of  New  Jersey : 

Resolved,  That  we  fully  appreciate  the  efficient  labors  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  and  fully  recognize  that  to  their  efforts  the  success 
of  the  Exhibition  is  largely  due;  and,  without  wishing  to  detract  from 
the  services  of  any  who  have  served  as  members  of  said  Committee, 
desire  to  express  our  thanks  especially  to  Hon.  J.  D.  Morrell,  Chair- 
man, for  his  untiring  efforts  in  the  interest  of  the  success  of  the 
Exhibition. 

Adopted. 

By  Mr.  Cleveland,  of  New  Jersey: 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Com- 
mission are  hereby  tendered  to  the  officers  and  directors  of  the 
Centennial  Board  of  Finance  for  ability  and  integrity  shown  in  the 
management  of  the  financial  affairs  of  the  Exhibition, — services  ren- 
dered in  many  instances  without  compensation  and  at  great  personal 
inconvenience. 

Adopted. 

By  Mr.  Wasson,  of  Arizona: 

Resolved,  That  the  hearty  and  grateful  thanks  of  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission  are  due,  and  are  hereby  tendered,  to  the 
Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee,  of  which  Mrs.  E.  D. 
Gillespie  was  Chairman,  and  to  its  various  other  committees  ofladies 
throughout  the  country,  for  their  patriotic  and  successful  efforts  in  aid 
of  the  Centennial  Celebration  and  International  Exhibition  of  1876. 

Adopted. 

The  Hon.  Richard  C.  McCormick,  in  response  to  the  request  of  the 
Commission  asking  for  information  regarding  the  Paris  Exposition, 
said  that  he  had  been  called  so  unexpectedly  to  take  charge  of  the 
American  exhibits  at  the  Paris  Exposition,  and  the  time  was  so  short 
to  make  the  necessary  preparations,  that  he  was  afraid  the  whole 
matter  would  result  in  a  failure ;  but,  contrary  to  prediction,  a  great 
success  had  been  attained,  for  the  American  exhibits  drew  more  pre- 
miums in  proportion  to  their  exhibits  than  any  other  country.  In 
speaking  of  the  effect  of  the  Centennial  on  the  people  of  the  world, 
he  was  able  to  say  with  pleasure  that  he,  while  abroad,  had  heard  it 
spoken  of  almost  every  day  in  the  very  highest  terms,  and  even  the 
PVench  authorities  in  welcoming  the  American  Commissioners  always 
made  allusion  to  the  success  of  the  Exhibition.  It  takes  its  place,  as  it 


JOURNAL  OF  FINAL  SESSION  OF  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION.^ 

very  properly  should  do,  among  the  highest  ranks  of  the  great  World's 
Fairs  of  previous  years,  as  well  as  the  one  of  last  year,  and  through- 
out all  Europe  its  greatness  is  willingly  acknowledged.  The  Paris 
Exposition  was  purely  a  governmental  investment,  there  being  between 
sixty  and  seventy  millions  of  francs  used  to  make  it  a  grand  success, 
which  it  certainly  was  ;  but  with  it  all  the  receipts  were  no  larger 
than  our  own.  It  is  fair  to  say,  however,  that  their  price  of  admis- 
sion was  only  one  franc,  while  we  charged  at  the  rate  of  two  and  a 
half  francs.  He  indorsed  what  had  been  said  by  other  gentlemen 
respecting  the  great  good  that  had  been  accomplished,  and  said  that, 
in  his  opinion,  the  good  effects  have  hardly  began  to  be  felt,  and  it 
would  take  the  next  fifty  years  to  fully  develop  them.  We  can 
praise  ourselves  for  producing,  as  individuals,  an  Exhibition  that  the 
combined  Governments  of  Europe  could  hardly  excel.  Before  leaving 
Paris  he  paid  a  visit  to  M.  Gambetta,  who  said  that  it  would  have  been 
one  of  the  greatest  misfortunes  that  could  have  befallen  the  French 
people  if  the  American  people  had  failed  to  be  represented  at  the  Paris 
Exposition.  All  over  Europe  the  people  fully  appreciate  the  medals 
and  premiums  given  by  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  for  they  display 
them  in  the  most  conspicuous  places,  and  always  produce  them  with 
the  very  kindest  and  proudest  feelings. 

Professor  William  P.  Blake,  of  Connecticut,  said  that,  having  served 
on  the  International  Jury  at  Paris,  he  was  glad  to  confirm  the  state- 
ments of  Commissioner  McCormick,  and  to  add  that  our  certificates 
of  award  always  commanded  the  attention  and  respect  of  the  foreign 
Jurors.  Whenever  on  visiting  an  exhibit  the  Centennial  Diploma 
was  shown,  it  led  at  once  to  the  inquiry  for  the  text  of  the  award, 
for  the  reasons  why  the  exhibit  had  been  honored.  These  reasons  were 
of  great  service  in  recalling  the  points  of  excellence  of  the  objects, 
and  in  enabling  the  Jury  to  form  a  more  rapid  and  more  correct 
appreciation  of  any  improvement  or  advance.  More  than  one  Juror 
had  expressed  the  conviction  that  our  system  of  awards  had  great 
advantages  over  the  old  system  of  graded  medals,  and  that  it  only 
needed  to  be  better  understood  and  more  carefully  followed  to  give 
more  general  and  complete  satisfaction. 

Mr.  Latrobe  moved  to  adjourn. 

General  Hawley  called  the  attention  of  the  Commission  to  the 
solemnity  of  the  occasion  of  adjourning,  perhaps  for  the  last  time, 
and  concluded  by  saying,  "  I  now  put  the  motion  for  final  adjourn- 
ment." 

The  motion  was  carried. 

J.   L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 


APPENDIX  TO   THE    REPORTS 


OF   THE 


UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION 


AND 


CENTENNIAL  BOARD  OF  FINANCE. 


CONTENTS. 


APPENDIX  A. 

Abstract  of  the  Journal  of  the  Centennial  Commission I 

APPENDIX   B. 

Circulars,  Announcements,  Regulations,  etc.      ........  16 

APPENDIX   C. 

Legislative  and  Executive  Action  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States       .        .  101 

APPENDIX   D. 

Legislative  and  Executive  Action  in  the  States  and  Territories          .         .         .         .120 

Alabama.         .............  120 

Arizona .         .121 

Arkansas 123 

Colorado 126 

Connecticut      .............  128 

Delaware 131 

Florida    ...............  132 

Georgia 134 

Idaho 134 

Illinois 135 

Indiana   ..............  137 

Iowa 138 

Kansas 143 

Kentucky        .............  159 

Louisiana .  163 

Maine 164 

Maryland          .............  167 

Massachusetts  .         .         .         .         .         .         . 171 

Michigan 173 

Minnesota * 174 

Mississippi 176 

Missouri 178 

Montana .        .         .                 ..  178 

Nebraska          .        .        .        .        .        .                 .        .        .        .  .      .  •       .  180 

Nevada »•.«.....  180 

New  Hampshire       . 182 

New  Jersey 182 

New  Mexico 187 

New  York  188 


iv  CONTENTS. 

PAGB 

North  Carolina 191 

Ohio 191 

Oregon 195 

Pennsylvania 196 

Rhode  Island 221 

Virginia 224 

Washington  Territory 226 

West  Virginia 227 

Wisconsin 231 

Dakota 233 

APPENDIX   E. 

Action  of  Municipal  and  Corporate  Bodies 237 

Philadelphia 237 

Wilmington,  Delaware 243 

APPENDIX  F. 

Board  on  Behalf  of  the  Executive  Departments  of  the  United  States  Government    .  244 

APPENDIX   G. 

State  Boards  of  Centennial  Managers 245 

APPENDIX  H. 

Acceptances  by  Foreign  Governments 250 

Argentine  Republic          ...........  250 

Austria  .....         .........  251 

Belgium .  251 

Bolivia   ..............  252 

Brazil ....'...  252 

Chili 253 

China 254 

Colombia          .............  254 

Denmark          .............  255 

Ecuador  ........         .  255 

Egypt 255 

France      ......  256 

Germany 256 

Great  Britain 257 

Greece     . 257 

Guatemala 257 

Hawaiian  Islands 258 

Honduras        .............  259 

Italy 260 

Japan 260 

Liberia ..."  261 

Luxembourg   .............  261 

Mexico    ..............  262 

Netherlands    .............  262 

Orange  Free  State 263 

Peru 263 

Portugal 264 


CONTENTS.  v 

PAGE 

Russia 264 

Salvador 265 

Siam 265 

Spain 265 

Sweden  and  Norway        ...........  266 

Switzerland 267 

Tunis 268 

Turkey ...  268 

Venezuela        .............  268 

APPENDIX   I. 

Participation  by  Foreign  Nations     ..........  269 

Argentine  Republic          ...........  269 

Austria 269 

Belgium  ..............  269 

Brazil 269 

Denmark 270 

Egypt 270 

Germany          .............  270 

Great  Britain  and  Colonies       ..........  270 

Bahamas 271 

Canada 271 

Cape  of  Good  Hope          .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .271 

New  South  Wales 271 

South  Australia .  272 

Tasmania 272 

Victoria 272 

Japan 273 

Netherlands 273 

Orange  Free  State 273 

Peru 273 

Portugal 273 

Sweden  and  Norway 274 

Switzerland 274 

Tunis 274 

Venezuela 274 


APPENDIX  A. 


ABSTRACT  OF    THE  JOURNAL   OF    THE   CENTENNIAL 
COMMISSION. 

There  have  been  eight  sessions  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  viz.  : 


First  ....  March  4,  1872.  6  32  28 

Second  .  .  .  May  22,  1872.  7  41  33 

Third  .  .  .  December  4,  1872.  7  50  37 

Fourth  .  .  .  May  7,  1873.  6  59  43 

Fifth  .  .  .  May  20,  1874.  3  46  33 

Sixth  .  .  .  May  19,  1875.  4  54  37 

Seventh  .  .  .  April  26,  1876.  13  72  46 

Eighth  .  .  .  May  17,  1876.  60  77  47 


FIRST    SESSION. 
MARCH  4-11,  1872. 

The  Centennial  Commission,  having  organized,  proceeded  to  meet  the  Mayor,  Select  Abstract  c 
and  Common  Councils,  and  representatives  of  corporate  bodies  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
in  Independence  Hall; 

Accepted  invitations  to  visit  the  rooms  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania ; 

To  visit  the  United  States  Mint; 

To  view  the  art  gallery  of  Messrs.  Porter  &  Coates,  publishers,  and  their  copy  of 
Washington's  Family  Bible ; 

To  attend  the  stated  meeting  of  City  Councils; 

To  visit  the  club-house  of  the  Union  League  of  Philadelphia; 

To  visit  Carpenter's  Hall ; 

To  meet  the  President  of  the  United  States  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  George  W.  Childs ; 

To  visit  Fairmount  Park  with  the  Committee  of  Councils  on  the  Centennial  Anniver 
sary  and  the  Park  Commissioners ; 

To  visit  the  rooms  of  the  Library  Company  of  Philadelphia,  and  of  the  Mercantile 
Library  Company; 

Adopted  resolutions,  "  That  the  site  for  holding  the  International  Exhibition  in  1876 
be  fixed  at  Fairmount  Park,  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia;" 

"  That  the  arrangement  and  classification  of  objects  [shown  in  the  Exhibition]  shall  be 
both  geographical  and  systematic,  and  that  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent to  prepare  and  report  a  system  of  classification  and  arrangement  combining  these  two 
elements;" 

"  That  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture  be  requested  to  report  at  the  May 
meeting  sketches  of  plans  for  a  building  or  inclosure  to  contain  about  fifty  acres  of  floor 


2  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Abstractor       space,  with  estimates  of  the  cost  of  such  a  structure  as  in  their  judgment  may  be  deemed 
?™si'on         necessary;" 

"  That  the  Governors  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  be  requested,  through  State 
organizations,  to  assist  and  co-operate  with  the  Commissioners  appointed  by  them,  in  the 
matter  of  State  legislation,  if  required,  and  in  every  other  way  that  may  awaken  an  interest 
and  tend  to  promote  and  bring  to  the  best  results  the  objects  of  this  Commission ;" 

Heard  an  address  from  Mr.  Wm.  P.  Blake,  Alternate  Commissioner  of  Connecticut, 
upon  "Previous  International  Exhibitions;"* 

Instructed,  by  resolution,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  to  visit  the  Japanese  Embassy, 
in  Washington,  to  inform  them  of  the  intended  Exhibition,  "and  to  solicit  the  personal 
action  of  the  Embassy  to  enlist  the  interest  of  the  Imperial  Government  and  people  of  Japan 
in  a  full  representation  of  the  arts,  industry,  and  products  of  their  nation;" 
Adopted  the  By-Laws  hereto  appended ;  and 
Completed  its  organization  by  naming  its  permanent  officers  and  standing  committees. 

BY-LAWS   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES   CENTENNIAL   COM- 
MISSION. 


ARTICLE   I. 

OFFICIAL   TITLE. 

This  body  shall  be  known  as  "  The  United  States  Centennial  Commission,"  as  pro- 
vided for  by  the  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1871,  and  the  celebration  for  the 
conduct  of  which  the  Commission  is  appointed  shall  be  known  as  "  The  International 
Exhibition  of  1876." 

ARTICLE   II. 

QUORUM. 

A  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business  shall  consist  of  the  Commissioners  represent- 
ing not  less  than  thirteen  States  and  Territories. 

ARTICLE   III. 

TOWER    OF   ALTERNATE   COMMISSIONER. 

An  Alternate  Commissioner  shall  have  all  the  powers  of  a  Commissioner  when  the 
Commissioner  is  not  present  at  any  meeting.  When  the  Commissioner  is  present  the 
Alternate  may  participate  in  the  debates,  and  serve  on  committees,  but  shall  have  no  vote. 

ARTICLE   IV. 

OFFICERS    OF    THE   COMMISSION. 

The  officers  of  the  Commission  shall  consist  of  a  President  and  five  Vice-Presidents,  all  of 
whom  shall  be  chosen  from  among  the  members  of  this  Commission.  They  shall  be  elected 
at  the  first  stated  meeting.  The  terms  of  the  officers  then  elected  shal1  expire  on  the  first 
Wednesday  of  May,  1873;  after  which  time  the  officers  elected  shall  hold  for  one  year. 
In  case  of  a  failure  to  elect  at  the  time  specified,  the  officers  then  serving  shall  continue 
until  the  choice  of  their  successors. 

ARTICLE   V. 

ELECTION   OF    A    SECRETARY. 

The  Commission  shall,  at  a  subsequent  stated  meeting,  elect  a  Secretary,  who  shall 
hold  his  office  at  the  pleasure  of  the  Commission:  Provided,  That  until  such  election  a 
member  of  the  Commission  shall  be  chosen  to  act  as  Temporary  Secretary. 

*  Mr.  Blake's  address  is  printed  in  full  in  the  Journal  of  the  first  session,  pp.  53-66- 


APPENDIX  A. 


ARTICLE    VI.  Abstractor 

Journal. 
ELECTION  OF  TREASURER.  ^  SessjOn 

A  Treasurer  shall  be  elected  by  the  Commission;  he  shall  give  security  in  such  a  sum, 
and  of  such  a  character,  as  to  meet  the  approval  of  the  Executive  Committee,  or  such  other 
committee  as  may  be  designated  by  the  Commission. 

ARTICLE   VII. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

The  President  shall  nominate,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Commission,  at  its  first 
session,  an  Executive  Committee,  consisting  of  seven  members.  The  said  committee  shall 
have  power  to  act  on  such  questions  as  shall  arise  during  the  recess  of  the  Commission, 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Commission  at  its  next  stated  meeting.  A  majority  of  its 
members  shall  constitute  a  quorum,  and  shall  have  power  to  make  such  regulations  for 
their  own  government  as  to  them  shall  seem  proper.  They  shall  elect  such  officers  and 
agents  as  they  shall  deem  necessary ;  shall  define  their  duties,  and  fix  their  compensation. 
They  shall  report,  fully,  all  their  transactions  to  the  Commission,  from  time  to  time,  for 
approval.  In  case  of  any  vacancy  happening  when  the  Commission  is  not  in  session,  the 
same  shall  be  filled  by  the  President,  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  Commission  at  the  next 
stated  meeting. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

DUTIES   OF  THE   PRESIDENT. 

The  President  shall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  Commission;  he  shall  appoint  all 
committees  unless  otherwise  ordered;  he  shall, at  the  request  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
call  special  meetings  of  the  Commission,  giving  not  less  than  thirty  (30)  days'  notice  to  each 
member,  and  shall  have  all  the  powers  and  privileges  incident  to  the  position  of  presiding 
officer;  he  shall  be  ex-officio  member  of  all  committees. 

ARTICLE   IX. 

DUTIES   OF  THE  VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

A  Vice-President  shall,  in  the  absence  of  the  President,  perform  his  duties,  each  taking 
precedence  in  accordance  with  the  order  of  his  election. 

ARTICLE   X. 

DUTIES   OF  SECRETARY. 

The  Secretary  shall  conduct  all  correspondence  of  the  Commission;  he  shall  receive 
and  carefully  file  all  documents  relative  to  the  business  of  the  Commission.  He  shall  be 
present  at  the  office  of  the  Commission,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  and  cany  out  any  orders 
of  the  Commission  or  the  Executive  Committee;  he  shall  keep  minutes  of  all  transactions, 
and  at  each  meeting,  or  when  required,  report  all  matters  of  interest  to  the  Commission 
and  the  Executive  Committee.  All  books,  documents,  and  papers  in  his  possession  shall, 
at  all  times,  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  any  member. 

ARTICLE   XI. 

DUTIES   OF   TREASURER. 

The  Treasurer  shall  hold  all  moneys  belonging  to  the  Commission.  He  shall  deposit 
the  same  in  such  depository  as  may  be  designated  by  the  Commission,  and  draw  the  same 
only  on  proper  warrants  of  the  authorized  officer.  He  shall  keep  accurate  accounts  of  all 
the  receipts  and  expenditures,  and  shall  report  the  same,  in  detail,  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee quarterly,  or  oftener,  if  required  by  them,  and  also  at  each  meeting  of  the  Commis- 
sion. His  books  shall,  at  all  times,  be  open  to  any  one  of  the  Commissioners. 


Abstract  of 
Journal, 
ist  Session. 


4  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876 

ARTICLE   XII. 

PAYMENT  OF  MONEYS. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury  of  the  Commission  except  on  specific 
appropriations  made  by  the  Commission  or  the  Executive  Committee,  and  under  such  rules 
and  restrictions  as  the  Executive  Committee  shall  prescribe. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

STANDING   COMMITTEES. 

The  President  shall  appoint  the  following  committees,  to  hold  for  one  year,  or  until 
discharged  by  the  Commission: — A  Committee  on  Finance,  to  consist  of  five  (5)  mem- 
bers; a  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture,  to  consist  of  seven  (7)  members;  a  Com- 
mittee on  Tariffs  and  Transportation,  to  consist  of  seven  (7)  members;  a  Committee  on 
Foreign  Affairs,  to  consist  of  five  (5)  members;  and  a  Committee  on  Opening  Ceremonies, 
to  consist  of  five  (5)  members,  to  whom  shall  be  referred  such  matters  as  appropriately 
belong  to  their  respective  duties. 

ARTICLE   XIV. 

STATED    MEETINGS. 

Stated  annual  meetings  of  the  Commission  shall  be  held  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  May 
of  each  year  after  1872. 

ARTICLE   XV. 

RULES   OF    PARLIAMENTARY   LAW. 

The  rules  of  Parliamentary  Law,  as  laid  down  in  Cushing's  Manual,  shall  be  the  rules 
governing  the  deliberations  of  the  Commission,  except  when  they  conflict  with  the  provis- 
ions of  these  By-Laws. 

ARTICLE  XVI. 

AMENDMENTS   TO   BY-LAWS. 

Amendments  to  these  By-Laws  shall  only  be  made  at  a  meeting  of  the  Commission,  as 
provided  for  in  the  fifth  section  of  the  Act  of  Congress. 


ORESTES  CLEVELAND, 
HENRY  PROBASCO, 


OFFICERS. 
President. — JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY. 

Vice-  Presidents. 

WILLIAM  M.  BYRD, 
JOHN  DUNBAR  CREIGH. 
ROBERT  LOWRY. 


Temporary  Secretary. — LEWIS  WALN  SMITH. 

STANDING  COMMITTEES. 
Executive  Committee.     '  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture. 


DANIEL  J.  MORRELL,  Pennsylvania. 
JOHN  V.  L.  PRUYN,  New  York. 
GEORGE  H.  CORLISS,  Rhode  Island. 
WM.  PRESCOTT  SMITH,  Maryland. 
JOHN  LYNCH,  Louisiana. 
JOHN  G.  STEVENS,  New  Jersey. 
WALTER  W.  WOOD,  Virginia. 


HENRY  PROBASCO,  Ohio. 
WM.  HENRY  PARSONS,  Texas. 
JOHN  N.  BAXTER,  Vermont. 
EZEKIEL  A.  STRAW,  New  Hampshire 
DAVID  ATWOOD,  Wisconsin. 
WM.  T.  READ,  Delaware. 
GEO.  A.  BATCHELDER,  Dakota. 


APPENDIX  A. 


Committee  on  Tariffs  and  Transportation. 
O.  C.  FRENCH,  Mississippi. 
DAVID  M.  BOYD,  JR.,  Indiana. 
CHARLES  H.  MARSHALL,  New  York. 
JOSHUA  NYE,  Maine. 
A.  J.  SWEENEY,  West  Virginia. 
WM.  F.  PROSSER,  Tennessee. 
JOHN  H.  WICKHIZER,  Utah. 

Committee  on  Finance. 
J.  WILEY  EDMANDS,  Massachusetts. 
ASA  PACKER,  Pennsylvania. 
SAMUEL  POWEL,  Rhode  Island. 
JAMES  BIRNEY,  Michigan. 
J.  MARSHALL  PAUL,  Colorado. 

Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 
JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Indiana. 
JOHN  G.  STEVENS,  New  Jersey. 


ROBERT  H.  LAMBORN,  Wyoming. 
JOHN  V.  L.  PRUYN,  New  York. 
LEWIS  WALN  SMITH,  Georgia. 

Committee  on  Opening  Services. 
JAMES  L.  ORR,  South  Carolina. 
RICHARD  C.  MCCORMICK,  Arizona. 
HENRY  S.  MOODY,  Nebraska. 
SAMUEL  POWEL,  Rhode  Island. 
WILSON  W.  GRIFFITH,  Ohio. 

Committee  on  Legislation. 
DAVID  ATWOOD,  Wisconsin. 
ORESTES  CLEVELAND,  New  Jersey. 
WILLIAM  M.  BYRD,  Alabama. 
WILLIAM  F.  PROSSER,  Tennessee. 
J.  E.  DEXTER,  District  of  Columbia. 
SOLOMON  L.  SPINK,  Dakota. 
WILLIAM  H.  CLAGETT,  Montana. 


Abstract  of 
Journal, 
ist  Session. 


SECOND  SESSION.  2d  Session. 

MAY  22-29,  1872. 

The  Commission  heard  and  adopted  reports  from 

The  Executive  Committee,  reporting  its  action  since  the  adjournment  of  the  Commis- 
sion in  March,  detailing  the  considerations  which  had  led  to  its  application  to  Congress  for 
the  incorporation  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  and  urging  the  propriety  of  a  govern- 
mental appropriation  to  cover  the  expenses  of  the  Commission  ;* 

The  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture,  stating  that  it  had  held  numerous  confer- 
ences with  committees  representing  the  architects  of  Philadelphia,  New  York,  and  Boston ; 
and  urging  the  Commission  to  decide  upon  the  site  and  other  preliminary  details  essen- 
tial to  further  progress;  also,  a  further  report  specifying  the  manner  in  which  architects 
should  be  invited  to  compete  for  the  premiums  offered  for  the  best  plans  ;f 

The  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  submitting  the  General  Regulations  which  should 
accompany  the  Proclamation  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  inviting  foreign  nations 
to  participate  in  the  Exhibition  ;J 

The  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  recommending  that  the  President  of  the  United 
States  be  requested  to  appoint  three  members  of  the  Centennial  Commission  to  act  as 
United  States  Commissioners  at  the  International  Exhibition  at  Vienna  in  1873; 

The  Committee  on  Legislation,  stating  that,  in  accordance  with  instructions  received  at 
the  first  session,  it  had  visited  the  Japanese  Embassy  at  Washington  (March  14,  1872),  had 
conveyed  to  the  ambassadors  the  desire  of  the  Centennial  Commission  that  Japan  should  be 
fully  represented  in  the  Exhibition,  and  had  received  from  them  assurances  that  they  would 
cordially  interest  themselves  in  the  matter; 

*  The  (first)  Report  of  the  Executive  Committee  is  printed  in  full  in  the  Journal  of  the  second  session, 
pp.  94-101. 

t  Full  details  of  the  work  of  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture  are  given  in  the  Report  of  the 
Director-General,  p.  29. 

t  The  report  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  which  embodies  the  substance  of  the  General  Regula- 
tions as  ultimately  adhered  to,  is  printed  in  the  Journal  of  the  second  session,  pp.  no,  in  ;  see  also  112,  121. 


Abstract  of 
Journal. 
2d  Session. 


6  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

The  Committee  on  Classification,  submitting  and  explaining  the  outlines  of  their 
proposed  system  of  arrangement  of  objects  exhibited. 

Invitations  were  accepted  to  visit  the  Cincinnati  Industrial  Exhibition,  in  September 
and  October,  1872,  a  visiting  committee  being  appointed; 

To  attend  a  conversazione  at  the  rooms  of  the  Philadelphia  Chapter  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Architects; 

To  make  use  of  the  rooms  of  the  Centennial  Committee  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania ; 

To  view  paintings  in  the  art  gallery  of  Messrs.  James  S.  Earle  &  Sons ; 

To  accept  silk  badges  woven  on  the  Jacquard  looms  of  Messrs.  Werner,  Itchner,  & 
Co.,  and  to  visit  their  factory; 

To  inspect  the  ship-yards  and  harbor  of  Philadelphia; 

TQ  visit  Fairmount  Park  with  the  Committee  of  City  Councils  on  the  Centennial 
Anniversary ; 

To  accept  the  privilege  of  free  transportation  over  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  its 
branches  when  traveling  on  the  business  of  the  Commission. 
Resolutions  were  passed  as  follows  : 

"  That  each  Commissioner  and  his  Alternate  are  instructed  in  some  suitable  form  to 
bring  the  objects  of  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  American  Independence  to  the  notice 
of  the  Governors  of  their  respective  States  and  Territories,  and  to  ask  them  to  call  the 
special  attention  of  their  Legislatures,  asking  them  to  make  some  arrangement  by  the 
State  Government  to  aid  in  forwarding  this  noble  and  patriotic  enterprise;"  also,  further 
resolutions,  recommending  the  formation  of  co-operative  Boards  of  Centennial  Managers 
in  each  State  and  Territory,  and  providing  that  a  letter  should  be  forwarded  to  each 
Governor  suggesting  a  general  plan  of  action ; 

That  an  Address  to  the  People  of  the  United  States  should  be  issued,  informing  them 
of  the  characteristics  of  the  Exhibition ; 

That,  upon  the  passage  of  the  Act  then  pending  in  Congress  for  the  incorporation  of 
the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  the  Executive  Committee  should  take  all  steps  necessary 
for  the  organization  of  that  body ; 

That  a  collection  should  be  made  of  the  reports,  statistics,  etc.,  of  previous  Inter- 
national Exhibitions ; 

That  an  official  Seal  be  adopted  for  the  use  of  the  Centennial  Commission ; 

That  a  legal  Counsellor  and  Solicitor  for  the  Commission  be  elected;  and 

That  the  office  of  "  Executive  Commissioner"  be  constituted. 

In  accordance  with  the  last  two  resolutions,  the  Commission  unanimously  elected  as 
Counsellor  and  Solicitor  Mr.  John  L.  Shoemaker,  of  Philadelphia,  and  as  Executive  Com 
missioner  Mr.  W.  P.  Blake,  of  Connecticut. 

The  Special  Committee  on  Classification  was  made  a  standing  committee. 


THIRD   SESSION. 
DECEMBER  4-11,  1872. 

The  Commission  heard  and  adopted  reports  from 

The  Executive  Committee,  reciting  the  progress  which  had  been  made  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Board  of  Finance,  acknowledging  the  appropriation  by  the  Philadelphia  City 
Councils  of  $50,000  for  the  furtherance  of  that  work  and  the  current  expenses  of  the  Com- 
mission ;  reiterating  the  considerations  which  dictated  a  Congressional  appropriation  to  the 
Commission,  and  deploring  the  death  of  Mr.  Wm.  Prescott  Smith,  of  Maryland,  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Committee;* 

*  The  (second)  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  is  printed  in  full  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Journal  of 
the  third  session,  pp.  3-23. 


APPENDIX  A.  7 

The  Executive  Commissioner,  detailing  the  procedure  which  had  been  followed  in  Abstract  of 
organizing  the  Board  of  Finance,  the  methods  of  popularizing  the  Exhibition  by  the  dis-  Journal- 
semination  of  addresses  to  industrial,  scientific,  and  other  associations;  and  correspondence  y 
which  had  occurred  with  individuals  and  societies  purposing  to  participate  in  the  Exnibition  ;* 

The  Committee  on  Classification,  communicating  proof-sheets  of  the  system  so  far  as 
perfected ; 

The  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture,  explaining  that  funds  were  not  yet  avail- 
able for  the  prosecution  of  its  work ; 

The  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  reporting  upon  its  correspondence  with  societies 
and  individuals  abroad. 

An  invitation  was  accepted  to  visit  the  club-house  of  the  Union  League  of  Philadelphia. 
Resolutions  were  passed 

Expressing  the  grief  of  the  Commission  at  the  death  of  Mr.  William  Prescott  Smith, 
Commissioner  from  Maryland; 

Authorizing  the  Executive  Committee  to  proceed  with  the  organization  of  the  Board 
of  Finance; 

Instructing  the  Executive  Committee  to  co-operate  with  the  Philadelphia  citizens' 
committee  who  were  engaged  in  furthering  the  Centennial  Celebration ; 

Instructing  the  President  of  the  Commission  to  report  to  Congress  the  work  thus  far 
accomplished ; 

Adopting  a  memorial  (signed  by  all  the  members  of  the  Commission  present)  solicit- 
ing such  governmental  assistance  as  might  be  necessary  to  carry  on  the  preparations  for  the 
Exhibition ;  also  requesting  the  Committee  on  Finance  to  proceed  to  Washington  and  lay 
the  subject  before  Congress ; 

Authorizing  the  President  of  the  Commission  to  appoint  a  committee  of  its  members 
to  visit  the  International  Exhibition  at  Vienna,  1873,  and  report  upon  it; 

Directing  a  revision  of  the  By-Laws ; 

Conveying  to  Mr.  Lewis  Wain  Smith  the  thanks  of  the  Commission  for  his  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  Temporary  Secretary. 

Mr.  Lewis  Wain  Smith,  Alternate  Commissioner  of  Georgia,  declared  his  inability  to 
longer  act  as  Temporary  Secretary  of  the  Commission.  [No  successor  being  appointed, 
Mr.  Smith  filled  the  position  until  the  next  session  of  the  Commission.] 

Mr.  Wm.  P.  Blake,  Alternate  Commissioner  of  Connecticut,  resigned  his  office  of  Ex- 
ecutive Commissioner. 


FOURTH   SESSION.  4thS«iio,, 

MAY  7-13,  1873. 

Reports  were  received  and  accepted  from 

The  Executive  Committee,  reciting  its  transactions  since  its  previous  report;  the 
work  done  toward  raising  stock  subscriptions  and  assisting  the  Exhibition  by  the  Citizens' 
Centennial  Finance  Committee  of  Philadelphia,  which  represented  every  trade,  profession, 
and  business  interest  of  the  city ;  the  co-operation  of  the  Fairmount  Park  Commission,  the 
Philadelphia  City  Councils  Committee,  and  the  Pennsylvania  State  Centennial  Commission; 
the  appropriation  by  the  Philadelphia  Councils  of  $500,000  toward  the  erection  of  the 
Centennial  buildings;  the  holding  of  a  grand  mass-meeting  (February  22,  1873)  designed 
to* stimulate  interest  in  the  Exhibition;  the  visit  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  Harrisburg 

*  See  Appendix  3  to  Journal  of  the  third  session,  pp.  54-107. 


8 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


Abstract  of 
Journal. 
4th  Session. 


to  enlist  the  co-operation  of  the  Governor  and  Legislature  (January  28,  1873),  which  was 
followed  by  a  State  appropriation  of  $1,000,000  toward  the  buildings;  the  passage  of 
sympathetic  resolutions  by  the  Legislatures  of  Tennessee,  North  Carolina,  and  Virginia; 
the  assistance  rendered  by  the  newspaper  press ;  the  circular  addresses  issued  to  the  people 
of  the  United  States  at  large,  and  to  representatives  of  various  special  interests;  the 
sending  of  agents  to  the  Vienna  International  Exhibition  of  1873,  who  should  report  upon 
its  organization,  plans,  etc.;  the  recognition  (February  24,  1873)  of  the  Women's  Centen- 
nial Executive  Committee;  the  organization  (April  23,  1873)  of  the  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance ;  and  urging  the  need  of  a  national  appropriation  of  funds  adequate  to  the  conduct 
of  the  operations  of  the  Centennial  Commission  ;* 

The  Temporary  Secretary  (Mr.  Lewis  Wain  Smith),  detailing  the  expenditures  on 
behalf  of  the  Centennial  Commission  and  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  and 
the  work  done  for  the  Commission  and  by  the  Citizens'  Committees  ;| 

The  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee,  accounting  for  their  receipts  of  stock 
subscriptions ; 

The  Committee  on  Classification,  describing  the  system  of  notation  adopted ; 

The  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture,  stating  that  a  transfer  of  the  Exhibition 
grounds  had  been  made  by  the  Park  Commission;  that  it  had  been  determined  to  erect 
several  Exhibition  buildings,  covering  in  the  aggregate  about  fifty  acres  of  space;  and 
that  specifications  for  designs  (of  which  a  copy  was  annexed)  had  been  issued  to  archi- 
tects ;J 

Messrs.  W.  P.  Blake  and  Henry  Pettit,  special  agents  to  examine  and  report  upon 
the  Vienna  International  Exhibition  of  1873;  also  from 

The  special  joint  committee  on  conference,  as  to  the  relative  rights  and  duties  of  the 
Centennial  Commission  and  Board  of  Finance.  || 

The  Commission  held  conferences  with  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  and  Penn- 
sylvania State  Board  of  Supervisors;  also  with 

The  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee. 
Resolutions  were  passed 

Lamenting  the  death  of  William  T.  Read,  Commissioner  from  Delaware;  also  of 

The  Hon.  James  L.  Orr,  formerly  Commissioner  from  South  Carolina,  and  late 
Minister  of  the  United  States  to  the  Court  of  St.  Petersburg; 

Thanking  the  Women's  Centennial  Committee  of  Pennsylvania  for  their  labors  in 
behalf  of  the  Exhibition  in  Philadelphia,  and  commending  their  example  to  the  women 
of  other  States ; 

The  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  and  Pennsylvania  State  Board  of  Supervisors; 

Mr.  Lewis  Wain  Smith,  for  his  gratuitous  discharge  of  the  duties  of  Temporaiy 
Secretary  since  the  organization  of  the  Commission ; 

Messrs.  Bailie  Peyton  and  Henry  S.  Foote,  for  their  labors  in  aid  of  the  Exhibition 
with  the  Legislatures  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee ; 

The  States  of  Pennsylvania,  Tennessee,  and  Oregon,  for  their  liberal  subscriptions 
to  the  stock  of  the  Board  of  Finance ; 

The  newspaper  press,  for  the  aid  rendered  the  Commission  in  its  work ; 

Appointing  a  committee  to  lay  before  the  Governors  of  States  about  to  assemble  in 
convention  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  the  objects  of  the  Commission ; 

Instructing  the  Executive  Committee  to  require  of  persons  intending  to  exhibit  an 
estimate  of  the  space  they  would  require; 


*  The  (fourth)  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  is  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Journal  of  the 
fourth  session,  pp.  3-36. 

f  See  (first)  report  of  the  Temporary  Secretary,  Appendix  to  Journal  of  fourth  session,  pp.  36-40. 
I  For  the  work  of  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture,  see  report  of  the  Director-General,  p.  29. 
|  See  Appendix  to  Journal  of  fourth  session,  p.  50. 


APPENDIX  A.  g 

Authorizing  the  Executive  Committee  to  deliver  to  the  Board  of  Finance  all  stock  Abstract  of 
subscription  books  and  papers  and  records  pertaining  thereto;  Journal. 

Directing  the  Committee  on  Tariff  and  Transportation  to  arrange  with  railway  and  4 
steamship  companies  for  reduced  rates  of  fare  for  visitors  to  the  Exhibition,  and  to  aid 
them  in  finding  boarding  and  lodging  while  in  Philadelphia; 

Requesting  the  Executive  Committee  to  take  measures  to  insure  participation  in  the 
Exhibition  by  China,  Japan,  and  other  Oriental  nations. 

Amendments  were  made  to  the  By-Laws. 

The  resolution  (May  28,  1872)  creating  the  office  of  Executive  Commissioner  was 
repealed. 

The  Executive  Committee  was  given,  by  an  additional  by-law,  "  authority  to  elect  one 
of  its  own  members,  who  shall  le  known  and  recognized  as  'Director-General,'  whose 
office  shall  be  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Commission  in  Philadelphia,  and  whose  duties, 
powers,  and  compensation  shall  be  fixed  by  the  said  committee." 

The  Executive  Committee  reported  its  election  of  Mr.  Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  of  Ohio,  as 
Director-General. 

Mr.  John  L.  Campbell,  of  Indiana,  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Commission.  [Upon 
Mr.  Campbell's  request,  Mr.  Lewis  Wain  Smith  was  desired  to  continue  in  control  of  the 
office  for  a  few  weeks,  until  Mr.  Campbell  could  arrange  to  remove  to  Philadelphia.] 


FIFTH   SESSION. 
MAY  20-22,  1874. 

The  Commission  heard  and  adopted  reports  from  5th  Sesaic 

The  Executive  Committee,  stating  that  during  the  year  previous  it  had  held  monthly 
sessions ;  that  the  formal  transfer  of  the  Exhibition  grounds  had  been  made  to  the  Cen- 
tennial Commission  (July  4,  1873)  in  l^e  presence  of  representatives  of  the  National 
Government,  who  had  thereupon  made  public  the  proclamation  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States  commending  the  Exhibition  to  all  nations;  explaining  the  embarrassments 
which  arose  from  the  Secretary  of  State's  construing  the  terms  of  the  proclamation  and 
of  the  Act  of  Congress  as  not  warranting  an  invitation  to  foreign  persons  in  the  name  of 
the  Government,  thus  destroying  the  International  feature  of  the  Exhibition,  and  necessi- 
tating the  introduction  in  Congress  of  an  Act,  then  pending,  in  which  the  President  was 
"  requested  to  extend,  in  the  name  of  the  United  States,  a  respectful  and  cordial  invitation 
to  the  Governments  of  other  nations  to  be  represented  and  take  part  in  the  International 
Exhibition;"  relating  that  the  labors  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  to  procure  sub- 
scriptions to  its  stock  had  been  frustrated  by  the  financial  panics  prevalent  throughout 
the  country  since  the  autumn  of  1873,  so  that  the  Board  found  it  necessary  to  advise  the 
Commission  (February  14,  1874)  that  without  Congressional  aid  the  Board  would  not  be 
warranted  in  making  contracts  for  the  erection  of  buildings ;  that  the  need  of  govern- 
mental aid  had  been  set  forth  in  a  report  to  the  President  (February  23,  1874),  who  had 
transmitted  the  same  to  Congress  with  a  message  strongly  recommending  an  appropriation 
(February  25,  1874),  and  that  a  bill  appropriating  #3,000,000  had  been  introduced  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  (April  16,  1874),  where  it  was  still  pending;  communicating 
the  reports  of  Messrs.  Blake  and  Pettit,  agents  of  the  Commission,  upon  the  organization 
of  the  International  Exhibition  at  Vienna  in  1873,  also  the  report  of 

The  Director-General,  giving  an  outline  of  the  progress  made  in  organizing  the 
several  departments  of  the  Exhibition  since  assuming  the  duties  of  his  office  (October  14, 
1873);  the  measures  taken  to  interest  foreign  powers  and  the  people  of  this  country  in  the 
Exhibition,  and  to  establish  co-operative  organizations  in  all  the  States  and  Territories; 


10 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


Abstract  of 
Journal. 
5th  Session. 


mentioning  that  the  President,  by  Executive  order,  had  appointed  a  Board  representing 
each  of  the  Executive  Departments  of  the  Government,  which  was  charged  with  the 
preparation  of  a  collective  exhibition  on  behalf  of  the  Government;  transmitting  the 
report  of  the  consulting  engineer  upon  the  progress  of  the  plans  of  the  Exhibition  build- 
ings ;  and  one  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Finance  showing  the  financial  status 
of  the  Exhibition  ;* 

The  Secretary,  describing  the  work  done  in  the  office  of  the  Commission  from  the 
time  of  his  entering  upon  his  duties  (June,  1873^, — *he  examination  of  plans  submitted  for 
the  Exhibition  buildings  and  award  of  premiums  to  the  successful  architects ;  the  collection 
of  information  about  International  Exhibitions ;  the  popularizing  of  the  Centennial  Cele- 
bration and  Exhibition  by  means  of  newspaper  articles,  circulars,  pamphlets,  etc. ;  official 
and  general  correspondence;  and  enumerating  the  changes  in  the  membership  of  the 
Commission  since  its  previous  session  ;f 

The  Committee  on  Classification,  recording  the  previous  action  of  the  Commission 
on  the  subject;  describing  in  detail  the  system  adopted,  and  comparing  it  with  other 
systems.;}; 

An  invitation  was  accepted  to  visit  the  Exhibition  of  the  American  Institute  in  New 
York,  in  September,  1874. 

Resolutions  were  passed  as  follows  : 

Adopting  a  Memorial  to  Congress,  signed  by  the  President,  Director-General,  and 
Secretary,  setting  forth  the  necessity  of  immediate  governmental  aid; 

Acknowledging  the  liberal  subscriptions  in  Philadelphia  and  Pennsylvania ; 

Acknowledging  co-operative  action  by  the  California  and  the  National  Granges  of 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  and  the  Society  of  California  Pioneers; 

Acknowledging  the  labors  of  the  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee  through- 
out the  States  and  Territories; 

Thanking  Mr.  D.  M.  Boyd,  Jr.,  for  favors  procured  from  railroad  companies; 

Accepting  proposals  to  erect  memorial  statues  and  fountains,  offered  by  the  Catholic 
Total  Abstinence  Union,  the  (Italian)  Christopher  Columbus  Association,  and  the  (Hebrew) 
Order  of  B'nai  B'rith; 

Requesting  the  Governors  of  States  and  Territories  to  appoint  Boards  of  Centennial 
Managers,  in  cases  where  the  Legislatures  had  failed  to  do  so ; 

Authorizing  the  Executive  Committee  to  modify  the  plans  for  the  Main  Exhibition 
Building,  and  decide,  with  the  Board  of  Finance,  upon  their  adoption;  also  to  dissolve  the 
Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture. 


SIXTH   SESSION. 
MAY  19-22,  1875. 

The  Commission  heard  and  adopted  reports  from 

The  Executive  Committee,  relating  the  passage  by  Congress  and  approval  (June  5, 
1874)  of  the  Act  requesting  the  President  to  formally  invite  foreign  powers  to  take  part  in 
the  Exhibition;  the  submission  of  a  report  to  the  President  (January  20,  1875),  detailing 
the  preparations  for  the  Exhibition,  and  setting  forth  the  need  of  governmental  aid  to  the 


*  The  Reports  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  Director-General,  with  other  documents  above  referred 
to,  are  printed  in  full  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Journal  of  the  fifth  session,  pp.  1-27. 

f  The  Secretary's  report  is  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Journal  of  the  fifth  session,  pp.  28-30. 
J  See  Appendix  to  Journal  of  fifth  session,  pp.  31-47. 


APPENDIX  A.  1 1 

amount  of  $1,500,000, — which  report  was  transmitted  by  the  President,  with  a  special  Abstractor 
message,  to  Congress  (January  26,  1875),  Dut  was  not  acted  upon  during  the  short  session  •*' 
of  that  body;  mentioning  the  appropriation  of  $505,000  by  Congress  for  the  use  of  the 
Government  Board  preparing  the  collective  exhibit  of  the  United  States  Executive  De- 
partments; communicating,  in  an  appended  report  from  the  Board  of  Finance,  the  financial 
condition  of  the  Exhibition,  and  the  preparation  of  the  buildings  and  grounds;  naming 
the  changes  in  the  membership  of  the  Executive  Committee  since  the  last  session  of  the 
Commission  ;  and  submitting  the  report  of 

The  Director-General,  describing  such  progress  in  the  construction  of  the  buildings 
as  assured  their  completion  in  good  season,  and  giving  their  areas  and  contract  price;  the 
necessity  of  the  revision  and  rearrangement  of  the  Classification;  the  organization  of 
administrative  bureaus  charged  with  the  duty  of  managing  the  several  departments  of  the 
Exhibition  under  the  supervision  of  the  Director-General ;  the  adoption  of  a  system  of 
awards  to  exhibitors;  the  acceptance  by  foreign  Governments  of  the  invitation  to  take 
p.irt  in  the  Exhibition ;  the  Congressional  legislation  and  regulations  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  providing  for  the  free  importation  of  goods  for  exhibition ;  and  the  reasons 
for  changing  the  dates  of  opening  and  closing  the  Exhibition,  receiving  goods,  etc.  ;* 

The  Secretary,  indicating  the  general  work  accomplished  during  the  previous  year, 
the  appointment  of  Centennial  State  Boards  in  the  various  States  and  Territories ;  referring 
to  the  death  of  Commissioners  Byrd,  of  Alabama,  and  Gantt,  of  Arkansas;  and  naming 
the  other  changes  in  the  membership  of  the  Commission  since  its  last  session.f 

Invitations  were  accepted  to  visit  the  Loan  Exhibition  then  being  held  by  the  Women's 
Centennial  Executive  Committee; 

To  visit  the  club-house  of  the  Union  League. 

Resolutions   were  passed,  lamenting  the   death  of  Judge   Byrd,  Commissioner   from 
Alabama ; 

The  death  of  Mr.  E.  W.  Gantt,  Commissioner  from  Arkansas; 

Expressing  the  sympathy  of.  the  Commission  with  the  people  of  North  Carolina 
and  Tennessee  engaged  in  celebrating  the  one-hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Mecklenburg 
Declaration  of  Independence  ;J 

Directing  that  the  State  Boards  of  Centennial  Managers  be  furnished  with  all  necessaiy 
documents  and  information  respecting  the  Exhibition,  and  requested  to  act  promptly  and 
systematically  to  insure  the  creditable  representation  of  each  State; 

Soliciting  the  co-operation  of  professional,  literary,  scientific,  religious,  benevolent* 
and  other  societies,  and  especially  those  representing  journalists  and  printers,  by  holding 
their  anniversary  or  special  meetings  in  Philadelphia  during  the  term  of  the  Exhibition; 

Requesting  the  Executive  Committee  to  assist  the  Board  of  Finance  in  establishing 
active  agencies  in  every  section  for  the  promotion  of  stock  subscriptions; 

Inviting  Mr  George  H.  Corliss,  of  Rhode  Island,  to  renew  the  offer  previously 
made  at  the  request  of  the  Executive  Committee,  to  supply  steam-power  for  the  Machinery 
Building; 

*  For  reports  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  Director-General,  and  appended  documents,  see  Journal 
of  the  sixth  session,  pp.  33-67. 

t  For  the  Secretary's  report,  see  Journal  of  the  sixth  session,  pp.  29-32. 

t  By  direction  of  the  Commission,  the  following  telegram  was  sent  (May  20,  1875): 

"  To  our  fellow-citizens  celebrating  the  Mecklenburg  Declaration  at  Charlotte,  North  Carolina. 

"The  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  in  annual  meeting  near  independence  Hall,  send  most 
cordial  and  fraternal  greetings,  with  the  warmest  wishes  for  your  success  and  happiness.  Pray  come  up  as 
your  fathers  did,  to  meet  your  brothers  and  finish  the  work  next  year  at  Philadelphia. 

"  For  the  Commission, 

"JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  President. 
"JOHN  I,  CAMPBELL,  Secretary:' 


12 


INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,   1876. 


Abstract  of 
Journal. 
6th  Session. 


Desiring  the  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  and  the  General  Council  of  the  civil- 
ized Indian  nations  in  the  Indian  Territory  to  provide  for  a  representation  of  the  several 
tribes  in  the  Exhibition; 

Adopting  a  system  of  awards  to  exhibitors,  based  upon  the  inherent  and  comparative 
merit  of  exhibits ; 

Commending  the  progress  made  in  the  construction  of  the  Exhibition  buildings  and 
preparation  of  the  grounds,  insuring  their  readiness  in  due  season ; 

Desiring  the  President  of  the  Commission  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  the  work  of 
the  Exhibition,  and,  to  that  end,  to  take  up  his  residence  in  Philadelphia; 

Thanking  the  Board  of  Finance  and  officers  of  the  Commission  for  their  conduct 
of  the  business  of  their  several  departments; 

Thanking  the  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee  for  their  furtherance  of  the 
interests  of  the  Exhibition  throughout  the  Union ; 

Thanking  the  newspaper  press  of  Philadelphia  and  the  country  at  large  for  assistance 
rendered. 

Officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year,*  and  Standing  Committees  appointed. f 


7th  Session.  SEVENTH    SESSION. 

APRIL  26-MAY  16,  1876. 

The  Executive  Committee  submitted  its  report,  referring  to  the  great  amount  of  labor 
in  detail  it  had  been  called  upon  to  deal  with  in  anticipation  of  the  opening  of  the  Ex- 
hibition,— the  arrangements  for  special  exhibits,  the  provision  of  power  for  the  Machinery 
Building,  the  award  of  space  to  exhibitors,  the  erection  of  special  buildings  and  annexes, 
the  regulation  of  admissions,  provisions  for  public  meetings  and  the  accommodation  of  the 
newspaper  press,  concessions  of  privileges,  arrangement  of  memorial  ceremonies,  approval 
of  plans  of  special  buildings,  custom-house  regulations,  etc.,  of  police  regulations,  of  com- 
mittees in  connection  with  the  Art  Department  and  the  Bureau  of  Awards;  stating  that 
the  admission  price  to  the  Exhibition  had  been  fixed  at  the  uniform  price  of  fifty  cents; 
that  Mr.  George  H.  Corliss,  of  Rhode  Island,  had  provided  an  engine  capable  of  driving 
the  fourteen  acres  of  machinery  on  exhibition ;  that  the  organization  of  the  Department  of 
Awards  had  been  duly  perfected ;  that  the  concessions  of  privileges  on  the  grounds  had 
been  made  carefully,  and  in  such  manner  as  to  produce  considerable  revenue;  that  the 
Governors  of  States  had  been  requested  to  appoint  orators  to  deliver  appropriate  historical 
addresses;  and  acknowledging  the  aid  received  from  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance 
and  the  Women's  Centennial  Executive  Committee.J 

The  Executive  Committee  also  rendered  a  special  report  of  its  action  in  appointing 
Judges  of  Awards,  accompanied  by  names  of  the  Judges  and  the  opinion  of  the  Solicitor 
of  the  Commission  as  to  the  authority  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  create  a  Bureau  of 
Awards.  \ 

The  President  of  the  Commission  furnished  a  copy  of  the  schedule  of  the  ceremonies 
to  be  observed  at  the  opening  of  the  Exhibition,  which  had  been  submitted  to  the  President 
of  the  United  States. || 

The  Director-General's  report  was  presented,  showing  the  preparations  which  had  gone 
on  during  the  last  year,  the  participation  by  the  States  and  foreign  Governments,  and  the 

*  For  list  of  officers  for  1875-6,  see  Journal  of  sixth  session,  pp.  12-13. 
f  For  Standing  Committees,  see  pp.  23-24. 

J  The  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  accompanying  documents  were  separately  published  to 
accompany  the  Journal  of  the  seventh  session, 
g  See  report  last  referred  to,  pp.  10-24. 
!)  See  report  last  referred  to,  pp.  25-27. 


APPENDIX  A.  I3 

organization  and  work  of  the  several  Bureaus  of  Administration.     It  was  accompanied  by  Abstractor 
reports  from  Committees  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  detailing  the  arrangements  of  the  Ex-  Journa 
hibition  grounds,  buildings,  water  supply,  system  of  admissions;  the  receipts  from  various 
sources  and  expenditures  by  the  Board;  and  the  measures  which   had  been  taken  for  the 
selection  and  organization  of  the  Judges  of  Awards,  and  the  definition  of  their  duties.* 

Numerously  signed  petitions  having  been  presented  protesting  against  the  sale  of  in- 
toxicating liquors  within  the  Exhibition  grounds,  also  petitions  for  and  against  the  opening 
of  the  Exhibition  on  Sunday,  committees  were  appointed  to  consider  both  subjects. 

The  Committee  upon  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquor  rendered  a  majority  and  a  minority 
report.  The  majority  report  stated  that,  irrespective  of  the  personal  views  of  its  signers 
as  to  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors,  they  found  the  terms  of  the  contracts  already  executed 
to  be  such  that  they  were  not  prepared  to  advise  any  change  in  the  course  hitherto  taken 
by  the  Executive  Committee.f  The  minority  report  argued  at  length  that,  on  both  legal 
and  moral  grounds,  the  contracts  should  be  canceled  and  the  sale  prohibited.  The  legal 
questions  thus  raised  were  referred  to  the  Solicitor,  whose  opinion  was  to  the  effect  that, 
the  contractors  having  invested  large  amounts  of  money  on  the  faith  of  their  agreements, 
it  was  doubtful  whether  the  Commission  could  lawfully  revoke  them,  while  such  revocation 
would  render  it  liable  for  damages.  The  question  was  ultimately  disposed  of  by  a  vote 
that  it  be  indefinitely  postponed.  J 

The  Committee  upon  the  opening  of  the  Exhibition  on  Sundays  presented  a  majority 
and  a  minority  report.  The  majority  report  represented  that  the  practice  of  previous  In- 
ternational Exhibitions  in  this  respect  had  been  determined  by  the  customs  of  the  country 
in  which  they  were  held,  the  London  Exhibitions  of  1851  and  1862  having  been  closed  on 
Sundays,  those  of  Paris,  in  1857  and  1867,  and  of  Vienna  in  1873  kept  open,  though  in 
the  Paris  and  Vienna  Exhibitions  the  English  and  American  exhibitors  excluded  their 
departments  from  view;  and  it  was  recommended  that  the  traditional  practice  of  the 
country  be  adhered  to  by  closing  the  Exhibition  on  Sunday.  The  minority  report  urged 
that  many  thousands  of  persons  whose  avocations  would  not  permit  them  to  visit  the  Ex- 
hibition on  week-days  would  gladly  do  so  on  Sundays,  bringing  their  families;  that  the 
receipts  for  the  twenty-four  Sundays  during  the  period  of  the  Exhibition  ought  not  to  be 
disregarded  in  the  interest  of  the  stockholders;  and  that,  as  the  Commission  represented 
the  whole  people  and  not  peculiar  classes  or  sects,  it  had  no  right  to  exclude  them  from 
deference  to  views  not  their  own.  The  question  was  decided  by  a  vote  (twenty-seven  to 
nine)  that  the  Exhibition  should  be  closed  on  Sundays. \ 

Committees  were  appointed  to  audit  the  traveling  expenses  of  Commissioners; 

To  examine  the  facilities  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors  to  the  Exhibition  in  respect 
to  board,  lodging,  etc. 

Resolutions  were  passed  in  memory  of  Dr.  Henry  F.  Askew,  Commissioner  from 
Delaware,  deceased ; 

Appointing  a  committee  to  consider  the  presentation  of  a  plan  for  the  adoption  of  a 
general  system  of  coinage  and  uniform  monetary  unit  throughout  the  world  ; 
Urging  a  reduction  of  railroad  fares  to  and  from  the  Exhibition. 

The  names  were  announced  of  gentlemen  appointed  by  the  Governors  of  the  States 
and  Territories  to  deliver  historical  addresses. 

A  letter  was  presented  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  covering 
one  from  the  Indian  Commissioner,  declining  to  participate  in  the  Exhibition,  as  requested 
at  the  previous  session  of  the  Commission. 


*  See  report  last  referred  to,  pp.  28-71. 

t  The  contracts  alluded  to  were  made  with  restaurateurs  and  others,  as  concession!,  and  implied  the 
•ale  of  wine,  beer,  spirits,  etc. 

J  See  Journal  of  seventh  session,  pp.  5, 17,  18,  20,  41,  51,  56. 
\  See  Journal  of  seventh  session,  pp.  5,  23,  24,  27,  28,  34. 


Abstract  of 
Journal. 
8th  Session. 


I4  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

EIGHTH    SESSION.* 
MAY  ly-NovEMBER  14,  1876. 

During  the  first  part  of  this  session  the  Commission  heard  and  adopted  reports  from 

The  Executive  Committee,  reciting  the  culmination  of  the  labors  of  the  Commission 
and  the  Board  of  Finance  in  the  successful  opening  of  the  Exhibition  at  the  appointed 
time,  to  the  general  satisfaction  of  the  public;  that  the  regulations  adopted  for  its  govern- 
ment had  been  severely  tested  by  dense  crowds  of  visitors,  and  had  proved  adequate  in  the 
main,  but  would  be  modified  where  experience  showed  the  necessity;  also  a  subsequent 
report  from  the  Executive  Committee,  stating  that,  upon  the  annual  election,  it  had  or- 
ganized by  re-electing  its  old  officers,  and  had  devoted  its  considerations  chiefly  to  matters 
connected  with  the  distribution  of  Awards ;  that  petitions,  memorials,  and  resolutions  had 
been  received  from  all  parts  of  the  country  urging  and  objecting  to  the  closing  of  the 
Exhibition  on  Sunday;  that  memorial  ceremonies  had  been  arranged  for  the  Fourth  of 
July;  and  that  the  Exhibition  was  going  on  in  a  satisfactory  manner; 

^  The  Secretary,  giving  the  alterations  in  the  membership  of  the  Commission,  also  its 
present  membership  and  that  of  the  Board  of  Finance  and  International  Board  of  Judges; 
The  Committee  on  Special  Commissioners  and  State  Boards,  declaring  there  existed 
no  legal  provision  for  the  appointment  of  such  special  commissioners,  yet  that  the  Centennial 
Commission  would  afford  them  all  proper  facilities;  and  that  all  the  States  and  Territories 
had  State  Boards  of  Centennial  Managers  with  an  aggregate  membership  of  359 ; 

The  Committee  on  Tariffs  and  Transportation,  explaining  that,  while  the  railroads 
running  into  Philadelphia  had  so  increased  their  capacity  as  to  provide  for  the  large  pas- 
senger travel,  yet  the  roads  throughout  the  country  had  failed  to  make  the  reduction  in  the 
price  of  excursion  tickets  which  the  people  had  expected,  and  thus  deterred  them  from 
visiting  the  Exhibition;  and  urging  all  interested  in  securing  a  large  attendance  to  use 
their  personal  influence  to  bring  about  a  further  reduction  of  fares. 
Resolutions  were  passed 

Lamenting  the  death  of  Mr.  Edmund  R.  Bagwell,  Alternate  Commissioner  for  Vir- 
ginia ; 

Thanking  Messrs.  William  M.  Evarts,  Bayard  Taylor,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  John 
G.  Whittier,  Sidney  Lanier,  and  Richard  Henry  Lee,  also  the  Emperor  of  Brazil,  for  the 
parts  they  had  taken  in  the  ceremonies  at  the  opening  of  the  Exhibition  ; 

Thanking  Mr.  George  H.  Corliss,  of  Rhode  Island,  for  his  energy,  ability,  and  public 
spirit,  in  providing  the  grand  engine  used  to  drive  fourteen  acres  of  machinery  in  Ma- 
chinery Hall  ; 

Recommending  to  the  Board  of  Finance  the  admission  of  children  to  the  Exhibition 
at  a  reduced  rate,  also  that  each  Saturday  should  be  made  a  family  day  with  an  admission 
rate  of  twenty-five  cents ; 

Instructing  the  Standing  Committee  on  Finance  and  Accounts  to  audit  the  accounts 
of  the  Board  of  Finance,  as  required  by  the  Act  of  Congress; 

Declaring,  in  answer  to  the  various  petitions  in  regard  to  Sunday  opening,  "  That  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commission  have  heard  with  great  respect  the  statements  that 
have  been  made  to  it  on  the  part  of  those  who  desire  the  opening  of  the  grounds  and 


*  This  session  consisted  practically  of  two  parts.  The  Commission  assembled  on  May  17  and  held 
four  meetings,  adjourning  until  July  i,  when  five  more  meetings  were  had,  lasting  until  July  8.  A  recess  was 
then  taken  until  September  6,  from  which  time  the  Commission  remained  in  continuous  session  until  Novem- 
ber 14,  holding  fifty-one  meetings.  The  business  transacted  during  the  meetings  preceding  the  recess  had 
reference  mainly  to  various  preparations  for  the  Exhibition,  and  is  above  detailed  before  describing  that  of 
the  latter  part  of  the  session.  This  had  chiefly  to  do  with  matters  pertaining  to  the  current  administration  of 
the  Exhibition,  and  particularly  with  a  vast  amount  of  detail  connected  with  the  work  of  the  Judges  and  the 
distribution  of  Awards.  The  business  done  in  regard  to  the  Awards  is  sufficiently  explained  in. the  report 
of  the  appropriate  Bureau,  and  is  not  dwelt  upon  in  this  place. 


APPENDIX  A.  15 

buildings  of  the  Exhibition  under  their  charge  on  Sunday,  and  fully  appreciate  the  sincerity  Abstract  of 


and  earnestness  with  which  they  have  been  pressed  upon  the  Commission ;  nor  have  they 
been  unmindful  of  the  memorials  to  the  same  effect,  that  are  now  upon  the  table.  Never- 
theless, the  Commission  are  of  opinion  that  their  action  heretofore  in  this  connection,  on 
the  strength  of  which  they  do  not  doubt  that  many  have  been  induced  to  contribute  their 
means  and  the  products  of  their  skill  and  industry  to  make  the  Exhibition  what  it  is, 
ought  to  be  regarded  as  a  pledge  to  the  public,  which,  in  good  faith,  they  are  bound  to 
keep;  and  so  believing,  the  Commission  most  respectfully  decline  to  make  any  change  in 
the  rule  that  closes  the  grounds  and  buildings  upon  Sunday." 

Officers  were  elected  and  Standing  Committees  appointed  to  serve  during  the  ensuing 
year.* 

During  the  second  part  of  the  eighth  session  (September  6-November  14) 
The  Executive  Committee  submitted  reports,  forwarding  for  approval  the  recommen- 
dations of  the  Judges  for  Awards,  and  explaining  that,  as  the  exhibitors  and  especially  the 
Foreign  Commissioners  were  impatient  for  their  announcement,  it  was  desirable  to  act  upon 
them  as  speedily  as  possible ;  also,  submitting  a  design  for  a  medal,  which  was  adopted. 

Committees  were  appointed  to  consider  various  subjects  connected  with  the  allotment 
of  Awards,  and  to  arrange  for  the  ceremony  of  their  announcement,  at  Judges'  Hall, 
September  27 ; 

To  arrange  for  the  final  reports  of  the  Commission  to  Congress,  as  required  by  the 
Act  of  Congress,  approved  June  I,  1872;-}- 

To  provide  for  the  closing  ceremonies  of  the  Exhibition,  on  November  10. 
Invitations  were  accepted  to  visit  the  Kansas  State  Building  on  the  occasion  of  its 
rearrangement  and  reopening  (October  14) ; 

To  attend  the  reception  of  Governor  Hartranft  and  the  ceremonies  of  "  Pennsylvania 
Day"  (September  27); 

To  attend  a  dress  parade  of  the  Cadets  of  the  Virginia  Military  Academy  (October  7). 
Resolutions  were  passed 

Authorizing  the  presentation  of  the  Commission's  medals  to  the  victors  in  a  tourna- 
ment to  be  held  within  the  Exhibition  grounds; 

Requesting  the  Commissioners  of  States  whose  Governors  had  made  no  appointment 
of  orators  upon  the  history  and  resources  of  the  States,  to  themselves  make  such  appoint- 
ments or  prepare  such  addresses;  also  directing  the  publication  of  such  addresses  in  a 
volume; 

Announcing,  in  response  to  requests  that  the  Exhibition  should  be  continued  beyond 
November  10,  that  the  originally  announced  date  must  be  adhered  to,  that  exhibitors  might 
commence  the  removal  of  their  goods  on  November  II,  but  that  persons  might  continue  to 
enter  the  grounds  on  payment  of  the  ordinary  admission  fee  as  long  thereafter  as  should 
prove  desirable. 

The  Commission  received  from  the  Maryland  Historical  Society  a  copy  of  the  "Journal 
of  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton  during  his  visit  to  Canada,  in  1776,  as  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners from  Congress,  with  a  Memoir  and  Notes  by  Brantz  Mayer." 

The  Commission,  at  the  request  of  Mrs.  Lavinia^Kinley,  donor  of  a  memorial  cup  in 
honor  of  the  memory  of  the  dead  of  both  armies  in  the  civil  war,  joined  representative 
officers  of  either  army  in  drinking  from  the  cup,  and  of  water  from  the  well  near  Independ- 
ence Hall,  "  to  the  hope  that  a  hundred  years  from  now  North  and  South  will  stand 
together  as  they  did  in  1776."^ 


*  The  list  of  officers  and  Committees  is  printed  in  full  in  the  report  of  the  Secretary,  pp.  7-9. 
f  See  section  13  of  the  Act,  Appendix  C,  page  109. 

J  Full  details  of  this  incident,  and  the  correspondence  and  addresses  on  the  occasion,  are  printed  in  the 
Journal  of  the  eighth  session,  pp.  170-172. 


1 6  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


APPENDIX  B. 

CIRCULARS,  ANNOUNCEMENTS,  REGULATIONS,  ETC.,  OF 
THE   UNITED   STATES   CENTENNIAL   COMMISSION. 


NOTE. — The  official  documents  here  printed  include  only  those  having  permanent 
value  as  illustrating  the  organization  of  the  Exhibition.  Circulars  referring  to  the  individ- 
ual Bureaus  of  Administration  are  printed  as  appendices  to  the  reports  of  the  several 
Chiefs  of  Bureaus. 


[No.  i.] 

offic,ai  UNITED   STATES   CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

fs0^5'  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  1876, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

ROOMS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

PHILADELPHIA,  April  2,  1872. 
Hon.... 


Commissioner  of  the  State  of..... 


DEAR  SIR, — The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Centennial  Commission  have  just  closed 
a  session  of  a  week's  duration,  and  the  abilities  of  its  members  were  taxed  to  their  utmost 
capacity  to  solve  the  grave  and  important  problems  met  at  the  very  threshold  of  the  great 
enterprise  committed  to  the  care  of  the  Commission. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture  submitted,  on  the  first  day 
of  the  session,  a  report  of  the  progress  made  in  that  direction  since  the  adjournment  of  the 
Commission,  but  the  Executive  Committee  and  other  members  of  the  Commission,  within 
communicating  distance,  have  decided  unanimously  that  we  are  without  power  to  take  a 
single  step  involving  the  expenditure  of  money  without  further  Congressional  legislation. 
The  organic  Act  of  March  3,  1871,  gives  the  Centennial  Commission  exclusive  control  over 
the  Exhibition  and  Celebration,  which  it  declares  shall  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
in  the  year  1876,  to  commemorate  the  birth  of  the  Nation. 

To  do  this  work  aright  will  involve  great  labor  and  vast  expenditures  of  money,  but  the 
Act  of  Congress  fails  to  establish  or  authorize  any  agency  by  which  the  work  can  be  done 
or  the  means  provided  therefor.  On  the  contrary,  it  is  enacted  that  "  the  United  States 
shall  not  be  at  any  expense  attending 'such  Exhibition."  However,  had  money  been  fur- 
nished by  Congress,  it  is  extremely  doubtful  whether  we  could  have  used  it  without  further 
legislation. 

As  the  Centennial  Commission  has  no  corporate  existence,  it  could  not,  without  great 
difficulty,  enforce  its  contracts,  and  is  powerless  to  protect  its  members  from  individual 
liability  for  any  debts  made  by  any  one  acting  under  its  sanction.  Therefore,  after  thought- 
ful study  of  the  situation  and  full  and  careful  consultation,  not  only  with  each  other  but  with 
members  of  the  Commission  within  reach,  and  many  citizens  distinguished  for  intelligence, 
business  capacity,  and  for  the  deep  interest  they  manifest  in  the  success  of  this  great  national 


APPENDIX  B.  ij 

undertaking,  the  Committee  have  unanimously  agreed  upon  a  bill  to  be  submitted  to  Con-  Official 
gress  for  its  immediate  action,  a  copy  of  which  is  herewith  inclosed  for  your  examination.     Forms» 

You  will  observe  that  the  central  idea  of  this  bill  is  to  create  a  corporation  which  will 
raise  the  needed  money  and,  at  the  same  time,  thoroughly  nationalize  the  enterprise. 

Its  provisions  are  such  that  the  United  States  Commissioners  can  control  the  corporation 
by  holding  the  power  to  approve  all  rules  and  regulations  it  may  adopt  which  will  affect  the 
rights,  privileges,  or  interests  of  exhibitors  or  the  public  before  they  shall  be  operative,  to 
approve  or  disapprove  of  plans  of  buildings  and  grounds,  and  to  nominate  a  fixed  number 
of  Stockholders  from  whom  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  be  chosen. 

The  allotment  of  the  stock  to  the  several  States  and  Territories  in  the  ratio  of  their 
population  contributes  towards  nationalizing  the  enterprise,  and  its  success  is  in  a  great 
measure  more  fully  assured  by  the  cordial  and  vigorous  co-operation  promised  to  our  plans 
by  those  locally  interested. 

It  is  deemed  unnecessary  to  more  fully  explain  the  reasons  which  have  prompted  our 
action,  for  we  feel  convinced  they  will  be  as  apparent  and  as  conclusive  to  you  as  they  have 
been  to  us. 

Please  name  one  or  more  persons  whom  you  desire  to  have  among  the  corporators  in 
the  Act. 

Persons  of  unquestioned  integrity  and  distinguished  rather  for  success  in  the  manage- 
ment of  large  business  transactions  than  for  political  prominence,  are  deemed  most  fitting 
for  the  place. 

No  time  is  to  be  lost  if  the  bill  is  to  be  enacted  into  law  during  the  present  session  of 
Congress,  which  is  deemed  very  important  to  the  success  of  the  enterprise. 

Trusting  our  action  will  meet  your  hearty  approval,  and  that  you  will  use  your  best 
endeavors  with  your  Congressional  Delegation  to  secure  the  passage  of  the  bill, 

I  remain,  truly  yours, 

D.  J.  MORRELL,  Chairman. 


[No.  4.] 
CIRCULAR   LETTER   TO   CORPORATORS. 

PHILADELPHIA,  August,  1872. 

SIR, — The  following  is  a  copy  of  a  portion  of  the  preamble  of  an  Act  of  Congress 
relative  to  the  Centennial  International  Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia 
in  the  year  1876,  approved  June  I,  1872 : 

Whereas,  Congress  did  provide  by  an  Act  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for  the  celebra- 
ting the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an  Interna- 
tional Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine  in  the  City 
of  Philadelphia  and  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six," 
approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  for  the  appointment  of  Com- 
missioners to  promote  and  control  the  Exhibition  of  the  national  resources  and  their  de- 
velopment, and  the  nation's  progress  in  arts  which  benefit  mankind,  and  to  suggest  and 
direct  appropriate  ceremonies  by  which  the  people  of  the  United  States  may  commemorate 
that  memorable  and  decisive  event,  the  Declaration  of  American  Independence  by  the 
Congress  of  the  United  Colonies,  assembled  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  fourth 
day  of  July,  Anno  Domini  seventeen  hundred  and  seventy-six ;  and,  whereas,  such  pro- 
visions should  be  made  for  procuring  the  funds  requisite  for  the  purposes  aforesaid  as  will 
enable  all  the  people  of  the  United  States,  who  have  shared  the  common  blessings  result- 
ing from  national  independence,  to  aid  in  the  preparation  and  conduct  of  said  International 
Exhibition  and  memorial  celebration  under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioners  of  the 
United  States ;  therefore, 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 


!8  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  in  Congress  assembled,  That  there  is  hereby  created  a  body  corporate,  to  be  known  by  th« 

orms,  name  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  and  by  that  name  to  have  an  incorporate  exist- 

ence until  the  object  for  which  it  is  formed  shall  have  been  accomplished;  and  it  shall  be 
competent  to  sue  and  be  sued,  plead  and  be  impleaded,  defend  and  be  defended,  in  all 
courts  of  law  and  equity  in  the  United  States,  and  may  make  and  have  a  corporate  seal, 
and  may  purchase,  take,  have,  and  hold,  and  may  grant,  sell,  and  at  pleasure  dispose  of  all 
such  real  and  personal  estate  as  may  be  required  in  carrying  into  effect  the  provisions  of 
an  Act  of  Congress  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anni- 
versary of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts  and 
Manufactures  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  and  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,"  approved  March  3,  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy-one,  and  all  Acts  supplementary  thereto ;  and  said  Centennial  Boarcl 
of  Finance  shall  consist  of  the  following-named  persons,  their  associates  and  successors, 
from  the  States  and  Territories  as  herein  set  forth. 

You  are  named  in  this  Act  as  one  of  the  corporators  for  your  State. 

Please  inform  the  Commission  of  your  post-office  address,  in  order  that  a  copy  of  the 
Act  may  be  forwarded  to  you,  with  other  information  concerning  the  progress  of  prepara- 
tions for  celebrating  the  Centennial  Anniversary. 

The  Commission  will  be  happy  to  hear  from  you,  and  to  receive  such  suggestions  re- 
lating to  the  Celebration  as  you  may  be  disposed  to  offer. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 

WILLIAM   PHIPPS   BLAKE,  Executive  Commissioner. 


[No.  5.] 

RULES    PROVIDING  FOR  THE   ORGANIZATION  OF  THE    CENTENNIAL 

BOARD  OF  FINANCE. 

[This  form  was  superseded  by  Nos.  25  and  31.     See  the  latter.] 


[No.  6.] 
CIRCULAR   LETTER   TO   CENTENNIAL   COMMISSIONERS. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 
PHILADELPHIA,  September,  1872. 


United  States  Centennial  Commissioner. 


SIR, — I  am  directed  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Commission  to  inform  you  that 
the  twenty-first  day  of  November  next  (Thursday)  has  been  designated  as  the  time  for 
opening  the  Books  of  Subscription  to  the  Stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 
The  rules  governing  the  subscription,  a  copy  of  which  is  herewith  inclosed,*  have  been 
adopted.  By  referring  to  Rule  4  you  will  see  that  it  is  made  the  duty,  in  each  State  and 
Territory,  of  the  Commissioner  and  Alternate  Commissioner,  or  either  of  them  in  the 
absence  of  the  other,  to  call  a  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  designating  one  or  more  national 
or  other  banks,  or  one  or  more  bankers,  as  agents  for  securing  subscriptions.  This  impor- 
tant duty,  imposed  upon  you  by  the  Commission,  will  no  doubt  receive  your  prompt  at- 
tention. The  Executive  Committee  suggest  that  the  meeting  should  be  held  not  later 

*  The  inclosure  was  No.  5,  which  was  superseded  by  Nos.  25  and  31.     See  the  latter. 


APPENDIX  B.  I9 

than  November  IO,  next.     The  time  is  left  to  your  discretion,  but  you  will  perceive  it  is  Official 
necessary  that  the  Commission  should  be  informed  of  the  name  and  address  of  the  agents  * 
selected  in  season  to  permit  of  the  Subscription  Books  being  forwarded  to  them  before  the 
time  arrives  for  opening  the  books. 

No  definite  and  decisive  instructions  in  regard  to  the  compensation  of  agents  can  be 
given  at  this  time.  One  or  two  bankers  who  have  been  consulted  have  expressed  their 
willingness  to  act  without  the  usual  commission.  Agents  are  not  expected,  in  this  case,  to 
bear  the  expense  of  advertising  or  printing.  In  addition  to  the  patriotic  motives,  they  will 
have  the  advantages  resulting  from  their  designation  as  the  accredited  agents  of  the  Com- 
mission, and  of  the  deposit  of  the  money  received  from  subscribers  until  it  is  drawn  by  the 
Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

According  to  the  provision  contained  in  Rule  5,  blank  notices  to  the  Corporators  have 
been  printed.  A  sufficient  number,  placed  in  unsealed  envelopes  and  addressed,  will  be 
forwarded  to  each  Commissioner,  or  in  his  absence,  to  the  Alternate  Commissioner. 

Please  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  this  communication. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  WM.  PHIPPS   BLAKE,  Executive  Commissioner. 


[No.  7.] 
CIRCULAR   LETTER   TO   CORPORATORS   OF   BOARD   OF   FINANCE. 

INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  PHILADELPHIA. 


Corporator  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance, 


SIR, — The  United  States  Centennial  Commission  has  named  the  2 1st  day  of  November, 
1872,  as  the  time  for  opening  the  books  of  subscription  to  the  Stock  of  the  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance,  and  has  instructed  me  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  Corporators  for  this  State 
before  that  time,  for  the  purpose  of  consulting  together  and  of  designating  the  proper  place 
or  places  at  which  the  subscriptions  shall  be  received.  This  is  in  accordance  with  the 
Rules  adopted  by  the  Commission  pursuant  to  Section  3  of  the  Act  of  Incorporation,  a  copy 
of  which  has  already  been  forwarded  to  you  from  the  office  of  the  Commission. 

This  meeting  will  be  held  at „ 


on  the day  of. „ next,  and  you  are  respect- 
fully requested  to  be  present.     The  importance  of  the  duty  thus  imposed  upon  the  Corpor- 
ators and  the  Commissioners  of  this  State  will,  I  hope,  secure  your  attendance. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 


United  States  Centennial  Commissioner  for  the  State  of.. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  Rule  4 : 

RULE  4.  The  agents  of  the  Commission  for  securing  subscriptions  to  the  stock  in  each 
State  or  Territory  shall  be  appointed  in  the  following  manner: 

The  Centennial  Commissioner  and  the  Alternate  Commissioner  from  each  State  or  Ter- 
ritory, or  either  of  them,  in  the  absence  of  the  other,  together  with  such  Corporators  for 


20  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  such  State  and  Territory  as  may  attend  a  meeting  to  be  called  by  the  Commissioner  or  Al- 

Forms,  ternate  for  the  purpose,  shall  designate  one  or  more  national  or  other  banks,  or  one  or 

more  bankers  in  good  standing,  to  receive  subscriptions  and  the  amounts  paid  thereon, 
and  to  issue  said  Subscription  Certificates.  The  money  so  received  shall  be  held  by  such 
banks  or  bankers  subject  to  the  order  of  The  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  when  organized, 
and  until  such  organization,  to  the  order  of  the  Commissioner  or  Alternate  Commissioner 
and  at  least  two  of  the  said  Corporators  for  the  State  or  Territory  in  which  the  fund  is  de- 
posited. 


[No.  8.] 
SUBSCRIPTION  TO  STOCK  OF  THE  CENTENNIAL  BOARD  OF  FINANCE. 

Incorporated  by  an  Act  of  Congress,  approved  June  I,  1872,  and  authorized  to  issue  stock 
to  an  amount  not  exceeding  ten  millions  of  dollars,  in  shares  of  ten  dollars  each. 


To 

Agent  for  receiving  subscriptions  to  stock  at... 


SIR, —  I  hereby  subscribe  for  and  agree  to  take_ 

shares  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  subject  to  the  rules  of  sub- 
scription and  payment  adopted  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  which  are 
hereby  agreed  to  and  made  a  part  of  this  contract. 
Respectfully  yours. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  RULES  ABOVE  REFERRED  TO. 

RULE  8.  Applications  for  stock  may  be  made  in  person  to  the  agent,  or  by  mail.  Upon 
the  receipt  of  any  such  application  by  mail,  accompanied  by  the  required  payment,  the 
authorized  agent  shall  transmit  to  the  applicant  a  subscription  certificate,  as  provided  by 
Rule  I,  and  shall  fill  up  the  marginal  blank  accordingly,  and  the  application  shall  be  cor- 
respondingly numbered  and  placed  on  file.  For  the  purpose  of  facilitating  subscriptions 
for  the  stock,  blank  forms  of  application  [as  above]  will  be  printed  for  distribution. 

RULE  I.  *  *  *  Payments  on  this  stock  are  to  be  made  as  follows :  Twenty  per  cent, 
on  subscription;  twenty  per  cent,  on  or  before  the  first  Monday  of  May,  1873;  twenty  per 
cent,  on  or  before  the  first  Monday  of  July,  1873;  twenty  per  cent,  on  or  before  the  first 
Monday  of  September,  1873;  twenty  per  cent,  on  or  before  the  first  Monday  of  November, 
1873.  Unless  each  installment  be  paid  when  due,  it  is  hereby  agreed  that  the  said  stock 
and  all  payments  thereon  shall,  at  the  option  of  said  Corporation,  be  forfeited  without 
notice  or  proceedings,  either  at  law  or  in  equity,  for  that  purpose. 


APPENDIX  B.  21 

[No.  10.]         Official 

ADDRESS   TO   AGRICULTURAL  AND    MECHANICAL   ASSOCIATIONS.        Form*' 

1872. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 
PHILADELPHIA,  October,  1872. 


The  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  in  the  year  1876  is  to  he 
celebrated  by  an  exhibition  of  the  products,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  country,  and  of  the 
world.  This  is  in  accordance  with  an  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1871.  By  this 
Act  the  task  of  preparing  and  superintending  the  Exhibition  was  imposed  upon  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission,  consisting  of  two  members  from  each  of  the  States  and  Ter- 
ritories. The  Commissioners  have  twice  met  in  general  session,  a  permanent  organization 
has  been  effected,  and  the  chief  outlines  of  the  plan  for  the  Exhibition  have  been  agreed 
upon. 

This  Exhibition  is  to  be  international  and  universal, — international  inasmuch  as  all  na- 
tions will  be  invited  to  participate  in  it;  and  universal, because  it  will  include  a  representa- 
tion of  all  natural  and  artificial  products,  all  arts,  industries,  and  manufactures,  and  all  the 
varied  results  of  human  skill,  thought,  and  imagination. 

The  outlines  of  a  simple  yet  comprehensive  classification  have  been  adopted.  There 
will  be  ten  departments,  each  subdivided  into  ten  groups,  and  these  again  into  classes.*  The 
details  of  this  classification  are  now  being  elaborated,  and  will  be  published  in  due  season, 
together  with  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  found  necessary  for  the  proper  conduct 
and  management  of  the  Exhibition. 

It  is  intended  that  ample  space  shall  be  assigned  to  each  State,  Territory,  and  foreign 
country,  for  a  just  and  proper  display  of  their  products.  It  is  believed  that  not  less  than 
fifty  square  acres  of  floor  space,  under  roof,  will  be  required  for  this  purpose.  A  site  com- 
bining the  advantages  of  a  sufficient  extent  of  level  ground,  with  picturesque  and  cultivated 
surroundings,  easy  of  access  by  rail,  water,  and  by  ordinary  roads,  has  been  assigned  for 
the  buildings  and  grounds  at  Fairmount  Park,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  The  Exhibition 
will  open  in  April,  and  close  in  October.-)- 

Each  State  of  the  Union  will  be  expected  to  send  its  peculiar  products,  illustrating  its 
resources,  both  developed  and  undeveloped.  A  complete  exhibition  of  this  kind  by  all  the 
States  will  afford  the  means  of  comparing  their  industrial  condition  and  capabilities.  The 
products  of  mining  and  of  agriculture  will  occupy  a  large  portion  of  the  space  allotted  to 
each  State,  and  will  receive  their  just  share  of  attention  in  this  universal  display. 

An  undertaking  so  patriotic  in  its  conception,  so  vast  in  its  proportions,  and  so  useful 
in  its  results  commends  itself  to  the  hearty  sympathy  and  support  of  an  intelligent  people. 
Patriotism,  as  well  as  an  appreciation  of  the  industrial,  educational,  and  moral  influences 
of  well-organized  exhibitions,  should  impel  all  citizens  to  lend  a  helping  hand.  It  is  the 
duty  of  the  Commission  to  prepare  the  way  and  open  the  doors,  but  the  people,  in  their 
sovereign  right  and  strength,  must  make  the  Exhibition.  By  their  aid  alone  can  it  be  made 
a  just  and  comprehensive  display  of  the  industrial,  intellectual,  and  moral  development  of 
the  Nation  during  the  first  century  of  its  existence. 

The  Commission  not  only  relies  with  confidence  upon  the  aid  of  the  people  in  general, 
but  it  hopes  to  receive  the  co-operation  of  the  many  State  societies  and  organizations  which 
for  so  many  years  have  aided  in  directing  and  realizing  the  popular  demand  for  agricul- 
tural and  industrial  exhibitions.  The  desire  to  secure,  at  an  early  date,  your  efficient  co- 

*  There  were  ultimately  seven  departments  instead  of  ten.     See  Form  No.  104,  page  60. 
f  The  Exhibition  opened  on  May  10,  and  closed  November  10. 


22  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Official  operation,  has  led  to  this  communication,  which  is  made  at  the  request  of  the  Executive 

Forms,  Committee  of  the  Commission. 

1872. 

Permit  me,  in  closing,  to  suggest  that  the  facts  herein  stated  might,  with  great  advantage 

to  the  Exhibition,  be  communicated  as  publicly  as  possible  to  your  members  and  exhibitors, 
and  that,  if  agreeable,  they  should  be  incorporated  in  your  printed  reports.  A  com- 
mittee of  your  members  might  be  appointed  to  consider  and  suggest  such  measures  as  may 
appear  most  desirable  to  promote  the  success  of  the  object  for  which  the  Centennial  Com- 
mission is  appointed.  A  general  plan  for  the  organization  of  Co-operative  Centennial 
Associations  in  the  several  States  and  Territories  is  now  under  consideration,  and  when 
perfected  will  be  published  for  distribution. 

Please  acknowledge  the  reception  of  this  communication. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  WM.  PHIPPS  BLAKE,  Executive  Commissioner. 


[No.  ii.] 
CIRCULAR   LETTER   TO   EDITORS. 

November,  1872. 
To  THE  EDITOR  OF. '. ; 

DEAR  SIR, — By  direction  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  I  have  the 
honor  to  inclose  you  a  copy  of  a  short  address  to  the  people  of  the  United  States,  prepared 
by  a  Committee  for  general  publication.  I  would  earnestly  request  that  you  make  place 
for  it  in  your  columns.  It  is  exceedingly  important  that  the  people  of  our  State  be  made 
familiar  with  the  objects  of  the  Commission,  and  I  know  of  no  better  way  than  through 
the  public  press. 

I  also  enclose  you  a  more  extended  address,  giving  a  history  of  the  Commission,  and 
would  ask  that  at  your  convenience  you  make  the  enterprise  the  subject  of  favorable 
editorial  comment. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 


U.  S.  Commissioner  for _.. 

N.B. — Should  you  comply  with  the  above  request,  please  mail  a  copy  of  your  paper 
containing  the  address  to  the  Secretary,  at  Philadelphia,  for  filing. 


[No.  12.] 
ADDRESS   BY   THE    UNITED   STATES   CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 

To  THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES: 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  has  enacted  that  the  completion  of  the  One  Hun- 
dredth Year  of  American  Independence  shall  be  celebrated  by  an  International  Exhibition 
of  the  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia, 
in  1876,  and  has  appointed  a  Commission,  consisting  of  representatives  from  each  State 
and  Territory,  to  conduct  the  celebration. 

Originating  under  the  auspices  of  the  National  Legislature,  controlled  by  a  National 
Commission,  and  designed  as  it  is  to  "  Commemorate  the  first  Century  of  our  existence,  by 
an  Exhibition  of  the  Natural  resources  of  the  Country  and  their  development,  and  of  our 
progress  in  those  Arts  which  benefit  mankind,  in  comparison  with  those  of  older  Nations," 
it  is  to  the  people  at  large  that  the  Commission  look  for  the  aid  which  is  necessary  to  make 
the  Centennial  Celebration  the  grandest  anniversary  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

That  the  completion  of  the  first  century  of  our  existence  should  be  marked  by  some 
imposing  demonstration  is,  we  believe,  the  patriotic  wish  of  the  people  of  the  whole  coun- 
try. The  Congress  of  the  United  States  has  wisely  decided  that  the  Birthday  of  the  Great 


APPENDIX  B.  23 

Republic  can  be  most  fittingly  celebrated  by  the  universal  collection  and  display  of  all  the  Official 
trophies  of  its  progress.     It  is  designed  to  bring  together,  within  a  building  covering  fifty  Forms» 
acres,  not  only  the  varied  productions  of  our  mines  and  of  the  soil,  but  types  of  all  the 
intellectual  triumphs  of  our  citizens,  specimens  of  everything  that  America  can  furnish, 
whether  from  the  brains  or  the  hands  of  her  children,  and  thus  make  evident  to  the  world 
the  advancement  of  which  a  self-governed  people  is  capable. 

In  this  "Celebration"  all  nations  wifl  be  invited  to  participate;  its  character  being 
International.  Europe  will  display  her  arts  and  manufactures,  India  her  curious  fabrics, 
while  newly-opened  China  and  Japan  will  lay  bare  the  treasures  which  for  centuries  their 
ingenious  people  have  been  perfecting.  Each  land  will  compete  in  generous  rivalry  for 
the  palm  of  superior  excellence. 

To  this  grand  gathering  every  zone  will  contribute  its  fruits  and  cereals.  No  mineral 
shall  be  wanting;  for  what  the  East  lacks  the  West  will  supply.  Under  one  roof  the 
South  will  display  in  rich  luxuriance  her  growing  cotton,  and  the  North  in  miniature,  the 
ceaseless  machinery  of  her  mills  converting  that  cotton  into  cloth.  Each  section  of  the 
globe  will  send  its  best  offerings  to  this  Exhibition,  and  each  State  of  the  Union,  as  a 
member  of  one  united  body  politic,  will  show  to  her  sister  States  and  to  the  world  how 
much  she  can  add  to  the  greatness  of  the  nation  of  which  she  is  a  harmonious  part. 

To  make  the  Centennial  Celebration  such  a  success  as  the  patriotism  and  the  pride  of 
every  American  demands  will  require  the  co-operation  of  the  people  of  the  whole  country. 
The  United  States  Centennial  Commission  has  received  no  Government  aid,  such  as  Eng- 
land extended  to  her  World's  Fair  and  France  to  her  Universal  Exposition,  yet  the  labor 
and  responsibility  imposed  upon  the  Commission  is  as  great  as  in  either  of  those  undertak- 
ings. It  is  estimated  that  ten  millions  of  dollars  will  be  required,  and  this  sum  Congress 
has  provided  shall  be  raised  by  stock  subscription,  and  that  the  people  shall  have  the 
opportunity  of  subscribing  in  proportion  to  the  population  of  their  respective  States  and 
Territories. 

The  Commission  looks  to  the  unfailing  patriotism  of  the  people  of  every  section,  to  see 
that  each  contributes  its  share  to  the  expenses,  and  receives  its  share  of  the  benefits  of  an 
enterprise  in  which  all  are  so  deeply  interested.  It  would  further  earnestly  urge  the  forma- 
tion in  each  State  and  Territory  of  a  Centennial  organization,  which  shall  in  time  see  that 
county  associations  are  formed,  so  that  when  the  nations  are  gathered  together  in  1876, 
each  Commonwealth  can  view  with  pride  the  contributions  she  has  made  to  the  national 
glory. 

Confidently  relying  on  the  zeal  and  patriotism  ever  displayed  by  our  people  in  every 
national  undertaking,  we  pledge  and  prophesy  that  the  Centennial  Celebration  will  worthily 
show  how  greatness,  wealth,  and  intelligence  can  be  fostered  by  such  institutions  as  those 
which  have  for  one  hundred  years  blessed  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

JOSEPH    R.   HAWLEY  President. 
LEWIS  WALN  SMITH,  Temporary  Secretary. 


[No.  16.] 
CIRCULAR    LETTER   TO   CENTENNIAL   COMMISSIONERS. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  October  30,  1872. 

SIR, — I  have  this  day  forwarded  to  you  by  mail  a  package  containing  a  circular  letter 
directed  to  the  Editor  of  each  newspaper  in  your  State,  and  accompanied  by  two  addresses 
to  the  people  of  the  United  States,  prepared  by  the  Committee  on  Address  and  published 
by  the  Executive  Committee.  It  is  believed  that  a  more  general  insertion  in  the  news- 
papers can  be  secured  if  the  request  should  come  from  each  Commissioner  to  the  Press  of 
his  own  State. 

Will  you,  therefore,  be  good  enough  to  sign  the  circulars  and  attend  to  their  mailing? 


24  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Official  In  order  to  insure  universal  publication,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  address  be 

Forms,  furnished  to  all  the  papers  on  the  same  day,  so  that  they  may  appear  simultaneously  in  all 

parts  of  the  country.     You  will,  therefore,  hold  the  circulars  and  addresses  until  Tuesday, 
the  1 2th  day  of  November,  and  mail  all  of  them  to  the  various  Editors  on  that  day. 
Please  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  the  addresses. 

With  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  LEWIS   WALN    SMITH,  Temporary  Secretary. 

To  the  Hon 

Commissioner  from 


[No.  19.] 
CIRCULAR   LETTER   TO   GOVERNORS. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 


SIR, — Your  Excellency  is  well  aware  that  Congress  has  provided  by  law  for  holding  an 
International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia  and  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-six. 

The  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  appointed  in  accordance  with  said  law,  at 
its  session  held  in  Philadelphia,  on  the  twenty-eighth  day  of  May,  1872,  passed  the  follow- 
ing resolution : 

Resolved,  That  a  Special  Committee  of  five  be  appointed,  with  instructions  to  call  the 
attention  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  to  the  work  of  the  Com- 
mission, and  to  invite  their  co-operation  therein. 

In  compliance  with  the  above  resolution  the  undersigned  Committee  request  that  you 
will  lay  this  subject  before  your  Legislature,  and  ask  it  to  adopt,  from  time  to  time,  such 
legislation  as  shall  seem  best  fitted  to  carry  out  the  objects  of  the  Commission,  and  to 
appoint  a  capable  body  with  such  powers,  and  possessing  such  influence  within  your  State 
or  Territory  as  will  tend  to  develop  local  interest  and  induce  co-operation  in  the  work  of 
the  Commission.  Hoping  that  tliese  suggestions  will  be  received  with  favor,  we  would 
respectfully  ask  that  all  action  in  the  premises  shall  be  promptly  communicated  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Commission. 

SAMUEL    POWEL,   Chairman,  Rhode  Island. 
JAS.  L.  COOPER,  Alabama. 
JOHN   WASSON,  Arizona. 
OSCAR   G.  SAWYER,  Utah. 
GEORGE   A.  CRAWFORD,  Kansas. 


The  foregoing  Report  of  the  Special  Committee  was  adopted  by  the  Commission  at  its 
last  meeting,  and  it  was  made  the  duty  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  transmit  it  to  your 
Excellency.  In  discharging  this  duty,  permit  us  to  add  that  the  subject  of  State  and 
Territorial  organization  is  regarded  as  of  extreme  importance  to  the  efficiency  and  suc- 
cess of  the  Centennial  Celebration  and  Exhibition.  It  has  already  received  considerable 
thought  and  attention  by  the  Commission,  and  in  some  of  the  States  it  has  been  proposed 
to  form  Auxiliary  Centennial  Associations  in  the  Congressional  districts.  It  is  probable 


APPENDIX  B.  25 

that  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Commission,  in  December,  a  comprehensive  and  uniform  Official 

plan  for  State  and  Territorial  organization  will  be  adopted  and  submitted  for  your  favorable  Forms> 

1872. 
consideration. 

We  transmit  for  your  acceptance  and  information  a  copy  of  the  Acts  of  Congress,  a  list 
of  the  Officers  and  Members  of  the  Commission,  its  Journal,  and  other  publications.  The 
circular  letter  (Form  No.  10)  has  been  distributed  to  the  many  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
Associations  throughout  the  United  States,  in  order  to  direct  their  attention  to  the  work  of 
the  Commission,  and  to  secure  their  co-operation. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  explain  to  your  Excellency  the  significance  and  importance  of  the 
proposed  celebration.  Your  prompt  and  earnest  aid  in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the 
Acts  of  Congress  relating  thereto  is  confidently  invoked.  A  reference  to  the  subject  in 
your  annual  message  to  the  Legislature  would  greatly  assist  this  national  effort  to  fittingly 
celebrate  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

DANIEL  J.  MORRELL, 
PHILADELPHIA,  November,  1872.  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee. 


[No.  20.] 
CIRCULAR   LETTER  TO   AGENTS. 

PHILADELPHIA,  November,  1872. 
To 


SIR, — At  the  meeting  of  the  corporators  for  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  of  the  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance,  all  the  national  incorporated  and  savings  banks  of  the  State,  together 
with  such  private  banks  as  may  be  designated  by  the  corporators,  were  appointed  and 
requested  to  act  as  agents  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  for  securing  and 
receiving  subscriptions  to  the  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

Presuming  that,  in  behalf  of  the  Bank  you  represent,  you  will  accept  this  patriotic  duty, 
the  necessary  blank  subscription  certificates,  together  with  printed  rules,  instructions,  a 
copy  of  the  Acts  of  Congress  and  of  the  proceedings  of  the  meeting  of  the  corporators,  are 
herewith  forwarded  to  you. 

Please  take  notice  that  the  books  of  subscription  are  to  be  opened  on  the  2ist  day  of 
November  next,  and  that  they  are  to  remain  open  for  the  reception  of  subscriptions  during 
a  period  of  one  hundred  days. 

A  blank  form  of  acknowledgment  or  receipt  is  inclosed ;  please  sign  and  return  it  to 
this  office. 

By  order  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Commission. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

WILLIAM    P.  BLAKE,  Executive  Commissioner. 
Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 


Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Pennsylvania. 
John  V.  L.  Pruyn,  New  York. 


W.  Prescott  Smith  (dec'd),  Maryland. 
John  Lynch,  Louisiana. 


George  H.  Corliss,  Rhode  Island.  j       John  G.  Stevens,  New  Jersey. 

Walter  W.  Wood,  Virginia. 


J 

26  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Offidal  APPOINTMENT  OF  AGENTS. 

Forms, 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

PHILADELPHIA,  November,  1872. 
To ..... 


SIR, — At  the  meeting  of  the  corporators  for  your  State  of  the  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance,  the  bank  you  represent  was  designated  as  one  of  the  agents  of  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission  for  securing  subscriptions  to  the  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance. 

Presuming  that  you  will  accept  this  patriotic  duty,  the  necessary  blank  subscription 
certificates,  together  with  printed  rules  and  instructions  and  a  copy  of  the  Acts  of  Congress, 
are  herewith  forwarded  to  you. 

Please  take  notice  that  the  books  of  subscription  are  to  be  opened  on  the  twenty-first 
day  of  November  next,  and  that  they  are  to  remain  open  for  the  reception  of  subscriptions 
during  a  period  of  one  hundred  days. 

A  blank  form  of  acknowledgment  or  receipt  is  inclosed ;  please  sign  and  return  it  to 
this  office. 

By  order  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Commission. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

WM.  P.  BLAKE,  Executive  Commissioner. 


[No.  24.] 
AN   ADDRESS 

TO    THE    PEOPLE    OF    THE     STATE    OF    PENNSYLVANIA     FROM     THE    CORPORATORS,     FOR 
PENNSYLVANIA,    OF  THE   UNITED   STATES    CENTENNIAL   BOARD   OF   FINANCE. 

As  citizens  of  the  State  in  which  the  nation  has  ordained  that  the  Centennial  Exhibition 
commemorative  of  our  independence  is  to  be  held,  the  opportunity  is  now  presented  to  you 
to  take  your  share  in  the  responsibility  resting  upon  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  see 
that  the  Exhibition  shall  be  commensurate  with  the  events  it  is  to  celebrate  and  the  progress 
it  is  to  exemplify. 

Since  the  "World's  Fair,"  held  at  London  in  1851,  international  exhibitions  have  been 
recognized  as  uniting  the  most  potential  and  far-reaching  agencies  for  promoting  the  prog- 
ress and  the  material  interests  of  mankind  ever  devised,  and  they  are  always  especially 
beneficial  to  the  country  in  which  they  are  held.  The  late  Wm.  H.  Seward,  when  Secre- 
tary of  State,  said  of  them,  in  communicating  to  Congress  the  United  States  Reports  on  the 
Paris  Exposition  of  1867  : 

"  Their  beneficent  influences  are  many  and  widespread ;  they  advance  human  knowl- 
edge in  all  directions.  Through  the  universal  language  of  the  products  of  labor  the  artisans 
of  all  countries  hold  communication;  ancient  prejudices  are  broken  down;  nations  are 
fraternized  ;  generous  rivalries  in  the  peaceful  fields  of  industry  are  excited ;  the  tendencies 
to  war  are  lessened,  and  a  better  understanding  between  capital  and  labor  is  fostered.  .  .  . 
One  of  their  most  salutary  results  is  the  promotion  of  an  appreciation  of  the  true  dignity  of 
labor  and  its  paramount  claims  to  consideration  as  the  basis  of  national  wealth  and  power. 
Such  exhibitions  have  become  national  necessities  and  duties." 

Great  Britain,  France,  and  other  leading  powers  have  instructed  and  entertained  the 
world  with  such  exhibitions;  Austria  is  rapidly  completing  one  which  will  open  in  1873, 


APPENDIX  B. 


and  it  is  eminently  appropriate  that  America  should  assert  her  place  in  this  respect,  as  she  Official 
has  in  others,  among  the  powers  most  actively  contributing  to  the  advancement  of  mankind.  Forms« 

At  a  meeting  of  this  body  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  on  the  yth  instant,  the  fol- 
lowing resolution  was  adopted : 

"  Resolved,  That  all  national  banks,  and  other  incorporated  banking  or  savings  institu- 
tions in  the  State,  are  hereby  requested  and  authorized  to  act  as  agents  to  receive  subscrip- 
tions to  the  stock,  and  that  in  counties  where  no  incorporated  banks  or  savings  institutions 
exist  the  corporators  representing  such  counties  shall  designate  private  banks  or  bankers  to 
act  as  agents  for  such  purpose,  and  each  corporator  may  designate  to  the  Executive  Com- 
missioner such  private  banks  in  his  district  as  he  may  deem  advisable.  All  agents  appointed 
shall  receive  subscriptions  in  accordance  with  the  rules  adopted  by  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission." 

It  is  confidently  hoped  and  believed  that  all  agents  so  appointed  will  cheerfully  accept 
the  patriotic  duty  for  which  they  have  been  selected,  and  in  this  way  aid  the  important 
work.  In  compliance  with  the  resolution,  those  agents  will  be  promptly  supplied  with 
subscription-books  in  which  the  people  may  subscribe  for  stock. 

We  are  now  called  upon  to  take  our  quota  of  the  stock,  which  has  been  apportioned 
according  to  the  Act  of  Congress  of  June  I,  1872,  on  the  basis  of  population,  and  amounts 
to  91,341  shares,  at  ten  dollars  per  share,  calling  for  $913,410,  the  population  of  the  State 
being  3,521,951. 

It  is  provided  by  the  Act  of  Congress  that,  at  the  close  of  the  Exhibition,  all  the  property 
is  to  be  converted  into  cash,  and  after  payment  of  liabilities,  the  net  assets  are  to  be  divided 
among  the  stockholders.  No  flattering  promises,  however,  are  made  of  great  prospective 
profits  from  the  investment  in  this  stock.  The  promptings  of  patriotism,  and  a  no  less  ele- 
vated motive,  should  actuate  us. 

Money  is  the  first  and  immediate  requisite  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  vast 
labors  of  the  Centennial  Commission ;  and  it  must  be  secured  within  the  proper  time,  for 
the  Exhibition  is  to  be  international,  and  it  is  to  represent  the  universal  range  of  human 
industry  and  art,  and  all  natural  products,  as  well  as  all  the  varied  results  of  human  skill, 
thought,  and  imagination. 

Let  us,  therefore,  arise  to  the  work  as  one  body,  with  such  an  organized  movement  as 
will  inspire  a  generous  emulation  and  secure  the  entire  subscription  for  our  quota  of  stock 
in  the  shortest  possible  time. 

The  eyes  of  the  world  are  upon  this,  the  chosen  State,  whjch,  above  all,  should  be  true 
to  its  heritage  of  that  holy  temple  of  freedom,  Independence  Hall,  the  sacred  spot  from 
which  emanated  that  sublime  Declaration,  the  corner-stone  of  our  nationality  and  progress, 
the  palladium  of  our  liberties  and  our  rights. 

1  ANIEL    M.  FOX,  Chairman. 


EDWIN  H.  FITLER, 
WILLIAM  M.  LYON, 


i. — R.  RUNDLE  SMITH, 

ROBERT  NEBINGER. 
2. — JOSEPH  F.  TOBIAS, 

CHARLES  J.  STILLE. 
3. — J.  L.  SHOEMAKER, 

HENRY  D.  WELSH. 
4. — MATTHEW  BAIRD, 

WILLIAM  SELLERS. 


AT   LARGE. 
WILLIAM  COLDER, 
JON'N  R.  LOWRIE, 

DISTRICTS. 
5. — L.  P.  THOMPSON, 

H.  T.  DARLINGTON. 
6. — JOHN  TRACY, 

GEORGE  H.  RUPP. 
7.— S.  B.  WORTH, 

JAMES  M.  WILCOX. 
8. — ISAAC  ECKERT, 

HENRY  BUSHONG. 


I  R.  J.  Y.  JONES, 
JOHN  H.  MICHENER. 


9. — JAMES  MEYERS, 

GEORGE  M.  STEINMAN. 
10. — BENT.  HANNAN, 

G.  DAWSON  COLEMAN. 
ii. — S.  S.  DREHER, 

E.  J.  Fox. 

12. — D.  W.  HOLLENBACK, 
J.  C.  McCOLLOM. 


28 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


Official 
Forms, 
1872. 


13. — M.  C.  MERCUR, 
THOMAS  BEAVER. 

14. — WM.  CAMERON, 

HENRY  MCCORMICK. 

15.— C.  J.  T.  MdNTIRE, 

JOHN  GIBSON. 
16. — HENRY  J.  STAHI.E, 
SAMUEL  PHILSON. 


17.— D.  MCMURTRIE, 

DAVID  WATSON. 
18.— M.  F.  ELLIOTT, 

H.  C.  PARSONS. 
19.— WM.  L.  SCOTT, 

JOHN  PATTON. 
20. — JAMES  PIERCE, 

JOSEPH  H.  MARSTON. 


21.— H.  P.  LAIRD, 
SILAS  M.  CLARK. 

22. — ALEX.  BRADLEY, 
C.  W.  BATCHELOR. 

23. — JAMES  M.  COOPER, 

J.  N.  PURVIANCE. 

24. — GEORGE  C.  REIS, 
W.  t.  H.  PAULEY. 


FOR   TWO   ADDITIONAL  DISTRICTS. 

JOHN  W.  FORNEY,  |  CHARLES  M.  HALL, 

ALFRED  HINDEKOOPER,  and  the  Chairman. 


Attest, 


BENJ.  H.  HAINES, 
MYER   ASCH, 

Secretaries. 


[No.  25.] 

RULES    PROVIDING    FOR    THE    ORGANIZATION    OF   THE    CENTENNIAL 
BOARD   OF  FINANCE. 

[This  form  was  superseded  by  No.  31,  which  see.] 


[No.  29.] 


ADDRESS    BY   THE   EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE. 


To  THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES: 

•  Congress,  recognizing  and  responding  to  the  patriotic  wishes  of  the  people,  provided 
by  Acts  approved  March  3,  1871,  and  June  I,  1872,  respectively,  that  in  the  year  1876  the 
Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  shall  be 
celebrated  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia  by  an  International  and  Universal  Exhibition  of  the 
grandest  and  most  comprehensive  character. 

The  first  of  those  Acts  provided  for  the  appointment  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission,  consisting  of  two  members  from  each  State  and  Territory,  to  organize  and 
conduct  the  Exhibition.  Tnat  Commission  has  been  duly  constituted,  and  has  actively 
entered  upon  its  duties. 

By  the  second  Act,  in  order  to  secure  the  money  necessary  for  the  expenses  of  this 
Exhibition  and  Celebration,  Congress  incorporated  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  as  aux- 
iliary to  the  Centennial  Commission,  and  provided  fr r  the  issue  of  stock  to  the  amount  of 
ten  millions  of  dollars,  in  one  million  shares  of  ten  dollars  each, — an  amount  which,  if 
assessed  equally  among  the  people,  would  not  require  more  than  twenty-five  cents  from 
each  person. 

In  creating  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  Congress  had  also  in  view  the  general 
distribution  of  the  stock  among  the  people  of  the  States  and  Territories  in  the  ratio  of 
their  population.  The  people,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Act,  now  have 
the  opportunity  to  become  owners  of  the  stock,  and  to  share  in  the  management  in  propor- 
tion to  the  amount  they  subscribe. 

Books  will  remain  open  in  the  hands  of  the  agents  until  the  1st  day  of  March  next, 
when  the  stockholders  who  have  then  subscribed  will  be  notified  of  the  time  for  the  elec- 
tion of  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  will  be  after  thirty  days'  notice.  At  the  time  of  sub- 
scribing to  the  stock,  an  installment  of  two  dollars  per  share  must  be  paid  to  the  agent; 
after  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  the  balance  due  will  be  payable  when 
called  for  by  them,  in  installments  of  two  dollars  per  share,  which  will  not  be  earlier  than 


APPENDIX  B.  29 

May,  July,  September,  and  November  of  1873;  or  the  whole  amount  may  be  paid  at  the  Official 
time  of  subscribing.  After  the  organization,  the  agents  of  the  Board  of  Finance  will  Forms. 
receive  subscriptions  without  regard  to  the  quota  allotted  to  each  State. 

An  undertaking  so  patriotic  in  its  conception,  so  vast  in  its  proportions,  and  so  useful 
in  its  results  commends  itself  to  the  hearty  sympathy  and  support  of  an  intelligent  people. 
Patriotism,  as  well  as  an  appreciation  of  the  beneficial  influences  of  well-organized  ex- 
hibitions, should  impel  all  citizens  to  lend  a  helping  hand.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Com- 
mission to  prepare  the  way  and  open  the  doors,  but  the  people,  in  their  sovereign  right  and 
strength,  must  make  the  Exhibition.  By  their  aid  alone  can  it  be  made  a  just  and  Compre- 
hensive display  of  the  industrial,  intellectual,  and  moral  development  of  the  nation  during 
the  first  century  of  its  existence. 

Each  subscriber  will  receive,  after  the  organization  of  the  Board,  a  large  engraved  cer- 
tificate of  stock  executed  in  the  Treasury  Department  of  the  United  States,  in  the  best 
style  of  the  engraver's  art,  bearing  designs  illustrating  our  national  progress,  and  com- 
memorative of  the  Centennial  Exhibition. 

It  is  hoped  that  there  will  be  no  pecuniary  loss  to  any  subscriber;  but  should  there  be, 
the  certificate  will  in  value  go  far  towards  compensating  for  any  such  loss,  not  only  as  a 
beautiful  work  of  art,  but  as  an  heir-loom  to  be  handed  down  from  generation  to  genera- 
tion, doing  perpetual  honor  to  the  patriotism  of  the  subscriber.  The  names  of  the  sub- 
scribers will  also  appear  in  the  printed  records  of  this  great  national  celebration. 

By  an  early  subscription  you  will  be  identified  with  the  grand  industrial  monument 
which  the  willing  and  patriotic  hands  of  American  citizens  will  rear  to  testify  their  venera- 
tion for  their  self-sacrificing  ancestors,  and  to  mark  the  progress  made  in  a  century  under 
the  operations  of  a  free  government. 

DANIEL  J.   MORRELL,  Pennsylvania,  Chairman. 

JOHN   V.   L.   PRUYN,  New  York.  JAMES   T.   EARLE,   Maryland. 

GEORGE   H.   CORLISS,  Rhode  Island.         JOHN   LYNCH,  Louisiana. 

JOHN   G.  STEVENS,  New  Jersey.  WALTER   W.   WOOD,  Virginia. 

GEORGE    B.   LORING,  Massachusetts.          ALFRED   T.   GOSHORN,  Ohio. 
Executive  Committee. 


[No.  30.] 
INSTRUCTIONS  TO  AGENTS. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

PHILADELPHIA,  January,  1873. 

SIR, — I  inclose  you  herewith  a  copy  of  the  amended  rules  [No.  31,  superseding  No. 
5,  which  is  therefore  not  printed  in  this  Appendix],  adopted  by  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  in  reference  to  the  subscriptions  to  the  stock 
of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  together  with  a  number  of  copies  of  a  prospectus 
to  be  circulated  freely  among  the  people.  In, accordance  with  the  rules,  you  will  please 
forward,  on  the  first  day  of  March  next,  to  this  office,  a  transcript  of  the  subscriptions 
received  by  you,  but  will  hold  the  originals,  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  Board  of  Finance, 
when  organized.  It  has  also  been  decided  to  require  only  the  payment  of  the  first  install- 
ment of  two  dollars  per  share  at  the  time  of  subscription,  and  leave  all  other  installments 
to  be  payable  at  the  call  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  but  not  sooner  than  May,  July,  Sep- 
tember, and  November  of  1873.  To  insure  the  success  of  so  great  and  patriotic  an  enter- 
prise as  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  birth  of  our  nation,  it  is  not  too  much  to  ask  the 
earnest  co-operation  of  every  citizen  of  our  land.  By  a  little  energy  each  section  can  be 
made  to  furnish  its  share  of  the  necessary  funds,  and  I  would  earnestly  ask  of  you  as 
active  an  aid  as  you  can  lend  to  promote  the  end  in  view. 
Very  respectfully, 

DANIEL   J.   MORRELL,  Chairman  of  Executive  Committee. 


30  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  [Superseding  Nos.  5  and  25.] 

Forms, 

l873-  OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 

RULES    PROVIDING   FOR   THE   ORGANIZATION   OF   THE   CENTENNIAL 
BOARD   OF   FINANCE. 

PREAMBLE,  Whereas,  by  the  Third  Section  of  an  Act  of  Congress  entitled  "  An  Act 
relative  to  the  Centennial  International  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  1876,"  approved  June  I,  1872,  it  is  provided,  That 
books  of  subscription  shall  be  opened  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  under 
such  rules  as  it  may  prescribe,  and  an  opportunity  shall  be  given  during  a  period  of  one 
hundred  days,  to  the  citizens  of  each  State  and  Territory,  to  subscribe  for  stock  of  the 
Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  incorporated  by  said  Act,  and  authorized  to  issue  stock  to 
an  amount  not  exceeding  Ten  Millions  of  Dollars,  in  shares  of  Ten  Dollars  each,  and  to 
be  offered  to  the  several  States  and  Territories  in  the  ratio  of  their  population ; 

Now,  therefore,  The  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  in  pursuance  of  the  au- 
thority contained  in  said  Act,  do  adopt  and  establish  the  following  Rules,  for  the  opening 
of  books  of  subscription  to  the  stock  of  the  said  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  to  enable 
absent  stockholders  to  vote  by  proxy,  and  to  provide  for  the  organization  of  said  corpora- 
tion. 

RULE  I.  Books  of  Subscription  for  Stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  will  be 
provided  by  the  Commission,  containing  blank  subscription  certificates,  forms  of  subscrip- 
tion, and  marginal  record,  as  follows  : 


APPENDIX  B. 


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32  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  RULE  2.  Subscription  certificates  prepared  under  the  foregoing  rule  shall  be  sent  to 

orms,  tlie  agent  ;n  each  gtate  an(j  Territory  in  the  ratio  of  population,  as  hereinafter  provided. 

RULE  3.  Each  subscription  certificate,  and  the  marginal  blank  to  which  it  is  attached, 
shall  be  numbered  in  consecutive  order.  The  numbering  for  each  State  and  Territory 
shall  be  contained  within  certain  limits,  the  lowest  and  the  highest  number  being  fixed  for 
each,  as,  for  example,  Wyoming,  I  to  236;  Arizona,  237  to  500,  and  so  on,  as  may  be 
proper  when  the  books  are  issued  ;  the  object  being  to  prevent  any  repetition  of  numbers, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  to  permit  the  independent  issue  of  numbered  scrip  at  different  places. 

RULE  4.  The  agents  of  the  Commission  for  securing  subscriptions  to  the  stock  in  each 
State  or  Territory  shall  be  appointed  in  the  following  manner : 

The  Centennial  Commissioner  and  the  Alternate  Commissioner  from  each  State  or 
Territory,  or  either  of  them,  in  the  absence  of  the  other,  together  with  such  corporators 
for  such  State  and  Territory  as  may  attend  a  meeting  to  be  called  by  the  Commissioner,  or 
Alternate,  for  the  purpose,  shall  designate  one  or  more  National  or  other  banks,  or  one  or 
more  bankers,  in  good  standing,  to  receive  subscriptions  and  the  amounts  paid  thereon, 
and  to  issue  said  subscription  certificates.  The  money  so  received  shall  be  held  by  such 
banks  or  bankers,  subject  to  the  order  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  when  organ- 
ized ;  and  until  such  organization,  to  the  order  of  the  Commissioner  or  Alternate  Commis- 
sioner, and  at  least  two  of  the  said  Corporators  for  the  State  or  Territory  in  which  the  fund 
is  deposited. 

RULE  5.  The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Commission  will  inform  the  Commissioner 
and  the  Alternate  Commissioner  of  each  State  and  Territory  of  the  day  on  or  before  which 
the  books  are  to  be  opened.  The  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  corporators  shall  be  issued  in 
season  to  secure  a  meeting  and  the  designation  of  a  bank  or  bankers  at  which  the  subscrip- 
tions shall  be  received  before  the  time  arrives  for  opening  the  books.  The  Commission 
will  furnish  blanks  to  be  used  in  calling  meetings,  as  aforesaid,  in  each  State  and  Territory. 

RULE  6.  Subscriptions  will  be  received  from  the  twenty-first  day  of  November,  1872, 
until  the  twenty-eighth  day  of  February,  1873,  inclusive,  being  a  period  of  one  hundred 
days,  and  they  may  be  made  at  any  of  the  agencies  designated  to  the  Commission  in 
accordance  with  Rule  4,  and  also  at  any  of  the  banking-houses  or  agencies  of  Messrs.  Jay 
Cooke  &  Co.,  and  of  Messrs.  Drexel  &  Co.,  who  are  hereby  designated  and  requested  to 
act  as  the  general  agents  of  the  Commission  for  securing  subscriptions  to  the  stock  ot  the 
Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

RULE  7.  The  general  agents  of  the  Commission  will  be  supplied  at  their  central  offices 
with  subscription-books  for  each  of  the  States  and  Territories,  and  upon  the  reception  of 
an  application  accompanied  by  the  required  payment,  or  the  evidence  of  its  having  been 
made  at  any  of  their  agencies,  they  shall  issue  and  transmit  a  subscription  certificate  in  due 
form  to  the  subscriber.  Subscription  certificates  so  issued  shall  bear  the  name  and  num- 
bering of  the  State  or  Territory  from  which  the  application  is  made. 

RULE  8.  Payments  upon  the  stock  may  be  made  in  full  at  the  t'me  of  subscription,  or 
as  follows :  Twenty  per  cent,  on  subscription,  the  balance  on  the  call  of  the  Board  of 
Finance  in  installments  of  twenty  per  cent,  each,  at  dates  not  earlier  than  the  first  Monday 
of  May,  July,  September,  and  November,  1873.  [This  rule  modifies  Rule  I.] 

RULE  9.  After  the  first  day  of  March,  1873,  tne  agents  shall  forward  to  the  office  of 
the  Commission  in  Philadelphia  a  transcript  of  all  subscriptions  received  by  them,  blanks 
for  which  transcript  will  be  furnished  by  the  Commission,  and  retain  in  their  possession  the 
original  subscription-books  subject  to  the  order  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  when  organized. 

RULE  10.  Certificates  of  subscription  shall  not  be  issued  until  at  least  two  dollars  per 
share  have  been  paid  thereon ;  and  when  issued  shall  be  properly  filled  out,  dated,  and 
signed  by  the  agent  for  the  State  or  Territory  appointed,  in  accordance  with  Rule  4.  The 
marginal  blank  shall  bear  a  number  corresponding  to  that  upon  the  subscription  certificate, 
and  having  been  duly  filled  out  shall  be  signed  by  the  person  to  whom  the  certificate  is 
delivered. 


APPENDIX  B.  33 

RULE  ii.  Applications  for  stock  may  be  made  in  person  to  the  agent,  or  by  mail,  or  Official 
otherwise.    Upon  the  receipt  of  any  such  application  by  mail,  accompanied  by  the  required 
payment,  the  authorized  agent  shall  transmit  to  the  applicant  a  subscription  certificate,  as 
provided  by  Rule  I,  and  shall  fill  up  and  may  sign  for  the  subscriber  the  marginal  blank 
accordingly,  and  the  application  shall  be  correspondingly  numbered  and  placed  on  file. 

For  the  purpose  of  facilitating  subscriptions  for  the  stock,  blank  forms  of  application 
will  be  printed  for  distribution. 

RULE  12.  The  following  form  of  proxy  may  be  used,  and  shall  be  distributed  by  the 
agents  for  the  convenience  of  subscribers : 

Form  of  Proxy  for  voting  for  the  First  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Centennial  Board  of 

Finance. 

[Incorporated  by  Act  of  Congress,  approved  June  i,  1872.] 

'. 187 

I  do  hereby  authorize  and  empower for  me  and 

in  my  name  to  vote  upon share of  stock  in  said  Corpo- 
ration held  by  me,  and  represented  by  subscription  certificate  No at  the 

meeting  of  the  Corporators  and  Subscribers  for  said  stock,  called  by  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  and  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia,  State  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  purpose 
of  electing  the  First  Board  of  Directors  of  said  Corporation. 

[Name  of  Subscriber. ~\  [Address. ~\ 

RULE  13.  A  copy  of  these  rules  will  be  furnished  to  each  of  the  agents  appointed  in 
accordance  with  Rule  4. 

[No.  32.] 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 
PHILADELPHIA,  February,  1873. 

TO   THE   CLERGY   AND    RELIGIOUS   ASSOCIATIONS   OF  THE   UNITED 

STATES  : 

The  Clergy  of  all  denominations  in  the  United  States  are  well  aware  that  the  Centen- 
nial Anniversary  of  our  Independence  as  a  nation  is  to  be  celebrated  at  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia, in  1876,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  Act  of  Congress,  by  an  Exhibition  of 
the  Art  and  Industry  of  all  the  Nations  of  the  Earth.  That  Exhibition  will  not  be  merely 
a  gigantic  "World's  Fair,"  devoted  exclusively  to  the  material  world,  but  it  is  designed  to 
be  a  complete  epitome  of  human  progress,  appealing  to  the  profoundest  sentiments  of  the 
devout  and  philanthropic,  calling  for  their  prayers,  their  labors,  their  hearty,  prompt,  and 
active  co-operation,  and  that  of  every  citizen  interested  in  the  welfare  of  mankind. 

Occupying  a  prominent  place  in  the  grandest  classification  of  objects  and  subjects  ever 
adopted  for  any  exhibition  is  Group  95,  comprehending  the  general  subject  of  "  Religious 
Organizations  and  Systems,"  and  subdivided  into  classes  as  follows  :* 

Class  941. — Origin,  nature,  growth,  and  extent  of  various  religious  systems  and  sects. 
Statistical  and  historical  facts. 

Class  942. — Religious  orders  and  societies,  and  their  objects. 

Class  943. — Societies  and  organizations  for  the  propagation  of  systems  of  religion  by 
missionary  effort. 

Class  944. — Spreading  the  knowledge  of  religious  systems  by  publications, — a  class 
designed  to  include  such  publications  as  those  of  the  Bible  and  Tract  Societies, — together 
with  statistics  of  their  origin,  growth,  and  progress. 

Class  945. — Systems  and  methods  of  religious  instruction  and  training  for  the  young. 

*  This  grouping  was  subsequently  modified. 

3 


34  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  Apparatus  and  appliances  for  teaching  in  the  family.     Sunday-School  furniture  and  appa- 

Forms,  ratus>  etc 

This  group  in  the  classification  is  subject  to  revision  and  enlargement,  should  necessity 
or  expediency  require  it.  The  solemn  duty  devolves  upon  all  who  are  actively  engaged  or 
interested  in  the  cause  of  religion  of  co-operating  and  laboring  with  zeal  towards  making 
the  representation,  under  each  of  the  classes,  such  as  shall  do  justice  to  the  great  organiza- 
tions and  systems  which  extend  throughout  our  land  and  constitute  our  claim  to  a  fellow- 
ship among  the  Christian  nations'.  This  group  affords  the  broadest  basis  for  religious 
representation.  It  is  not  limited  in  its  scope  or  range.  It  is  designed  to  receive  any  visible 
or  tangible  representation  of  the  condition  and  progress  of  any  faith,  creed,  denomination, 
or  sect. 

Let  us  consider,  with  all  reverence  and  awe,  of  what  this  Exhibition  is  commemorative. 
It  marks  our  estimate  of  a  political  event  of  more  momentous  import  in  universal  history 
than  any  which  had  occurred  before,  or  any  which  has  succeeded  it,  in  its  bearing  upon  the 
destinies  of  the  human  race ;  especially  in  establishing  upon  indestructible  foundations  that 
freedom  of  conscience  in  matters  of  religious  faith  which  is  so  fully  enjoyed  throughout  our 
wide  domain.  It  is  commemorative  of  the  birth  of  a  nation  whose  progress  is  absolutely 
without  any  parallel  in  the  world's  experience. 

The  commemoration  of  the  birthday  of  our  nation,  after  a  century  of  such  prosperity, 
expansion,  and  progress,  and  after  such  a  development  of  the  material  resources  of  this 
mighty  continent !  What  should  it  be  to  make  it  worthy  of  the  people  so  blessed  ? 

If  we  are  the  Christian  Nation  we  are  imputed  to  be,  you  cannot,  if  you  would,  divest 
it  of  its  character  as  an  oblation  to  the  Most  High,  and  as  a  crucial  test  before  Him  and 
mankind  of  our  estimate  of  the  blessings  we  enjoy,  of  the  sincerity  of  our  patriotism,  of 
our  appreciation  of  civil  and  religious  liberty,  and  of  our  sense  of  duty  as  a  member  of  the 
great  community  of  Nations.  It  must  be  either  all  this  or  nothing, — in  its  moral  import. 
It  must,  by  its  magnitude,  its  thoroughness  of  representation,  and  its  moral  and  intellectua 
grandeur,  manifest,  in  the  presence  of  the  thronging  millions  of  our  countrymen,  and  before 
the  assembled  delegations  of  all  countries,  so  far  as  possible,  our  gratitude  to  GOD,  the 
source  of  our  prosperity  and  happiness  as  a  people. 

Presenting  a  review  of  the  past  in  every  sphere  of  useful  industry,  art,  or  mental  activity, 
as  an  inspiring  and  suggestive  guide  for  the  future,  it  should  form  a  starting-point  from 
which  we  may  enter,  by  a  new  and  elevated  vantage-ground,  upon  the  course  of  improve- 
ment which  is  open  to  us  in  the  coming  century.  It  is  a  great  national  festival  in  which 
the  prominence  and  influence  of  the  religious  element,  in  our  life  as  a  people,  should  not 
be  ignored.  They  will  depend  for  their  illustration  upon  the  part  taken  by  the  Clergy  and 
Religious  associations  of  all  denominations  in  the  movement.  The  Clergy  should  awaken 
their  congregations  by  carefully  considered  and  earnest  representations  of  the  manifold 
advantages  of  the  complete  success  of  the  celebration  to  religion,  and  in  every  other  respect. 
The  profound  and  far-reaching  religious  influences  which,  through  this  mighty  agency,  may 
be  made  to  mould  and  guide  the  religious  character  and  sentiment  of  the  age,  upon  higher 
and  higher  standards  of  conduct  of  life  and  earnestness  of  faith,  should  be  clearly  set  forth. 

The  whole  moral  and  religious  tone  and  effect  of  this  stupendous  presentation  of  the 
varied  agencies  and  instrumentalities  represented  by  the  comprehensive  word  "progress" 
may  be  controlled  by  the  great  and  influential  body  to  whom  the  people  look  for  religious 
instruction  in  such  a  manner  as  to  confer  inestimable  blessings  upon  the  generations  who 
are  so  soon  to  fill  our  places  in  the  ranks  of  life.  Neglect  of  this  golden  opportunity  may, 
on  the  other  hand,  prove  an  irreparable  misfortune  to  the  cause  of  religious  advancement, 
by  the  surrender  of  the  great  temple  of  art  and  industry  to  the  spirit  of  materialism, 
deprived,  in  a  great  measure,  of  the  hallowing  influence  which  should  consecrate  material 
blessings  as  gifts  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  man,  designed,  in  promoting  his  comfort  and 
happiness,  to  inspire  In  his  heart  a  grateful  recognition  of  the  power  and  love  of  the  Divine 
source  from  which  they  emanate. 


APPENDIX  B. 


35 


So  grand  a  subject,  one  so  closely  connected  with  the  spiritual  welfare  of  the  race,  may  Official 
well  become  the  theme  of  Heaven-inspired  eloquence  from  every  pulpit  in  the  land, — not  F 
in  mere  passing  reference,  but  in  exhaustive  presentation  of  the  endless  catalogue  of  reasons 
in  favor  of  carrying  out  the  duly  enrolled  fiat  of  the  national  will,  as  expressed  through  the 
Acts  of  Congress. 

The  nation  stands  committed  to  the  project  before  the  world.  Retraction  now  would  be 
a  ludicrous  and  disgraceful  failure  of  the  Great  Republic,  which  assumes  to  lead  the  van- 
guard of  progress,  to  do  what  England,  France,  Germany,  and  other  powers  have  done, 
and  what  Austria  is  just  about  to  do  for  the  instruction  and  entertainment  of  mankind,  and 
that,  too,  after  having  declared  our  purpose  to  do  it,  and  to  do  it  on  a  grander  scale  than 
any  of  our  predecessors.  We  believe  that  no  thought  of  failure  is  tolerated  in  any  patriotic 
mind,  or  in  any  heart  that  has  a  spark  of  national  pride.  Yet  many  are  displaying  an 
apathy  and  procrastination,  which,  if  not  corrected,  would  prove  fatal  to  that  supreme  suc- 
cess which  alone  will  comport  with  the  prestige  and  dignity  of  the  nation.  It  is  simply 
because  they  have  no  correct  idea  of  the  importance  of  time  as  the  first  essential  of  success. 

The  success  or  failure  of  this  undertaking  is  before  the  people,  dependent  entirely  upon 
the  deliberate  decision  which  their  action,  in  regard  to  subscriptions,  will  constitute. 

The  National  Ccmmission  selected  by  the  Governors,  and  appointed  and  confirmed  by 
the  General  Government,  are  powerless  to  proceed  further  than  they  have  done  until  the  voice 
of  the  people  proclaims  to  them,  through  the  subscription-books,  that  the  necessary  capital 
is  sufficiently  assured  to  warrant  them  in  erecting  the  buildings  and  perfecting  the  arrange- 
ments for  inviting  foreign  exhibitors. 

Here  it  is  that  the  importance  of  time  for  preparation  after  the  decision  of  the  people  is 
known  becomes  apparent.  It  is  no  less  essential  than  money. 

Foreign  nations  must  have  time  to  consider  and  act  upon  the  invitation,  and,  in  many 
cases,  to  await  the  action  of  their  legislative  assemblies  before  deciding,  organizing  their 
commissions,  and  making  the  necessary  appropriations ;  and  if  they  do  not  have  ample 
time,  they  cannot  be  expected  to  accept. 

They  cannot  be  invited  or  notified  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  until,  accord- 
ing to  the  terms  of  the  Act  of  Congress,  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  shall 
have  informed  him  that  provision  has  been  made  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings  for 
the  purposes  of  the  Exhibition. 

Foreign  countries  and  our  own  country  have  to  be  canvassed,  and  the  people  informed 
of  the  nature  of  the  Exhibition.  Careful  selections  must  be  made  from  articles  representing 
every  industry  and  resource.  Ample  time  will  be  required  for  the  production  of  works  of 
art  and  large  machinery,  and  many  other  articles  which  impart  splendor  and  instructive 
ness  to  such  exhibitions. 

Besides  the  consumption  of  time  in  the  transportation  of  articles  from  abroad,  much  will 
be  consumed  in  the  erection  of  the  vast  buildings,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  goods  in 
them. 

The  inclosed  printed  papers  contain  information  as  to  the  organization  of  the  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance,  and  the  general  purposes  of  the  Exhibition. 

Your  attention  to  the  subject,  in  all  its  bearings  upon  the  temporal  and  spiritual  welfare 
of  the  people,  is  most  respectfully  invited. 

By  order  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

WILLIAM    P.  BLAKE,  Executive  Commissioner. 

DANIEL  J.  MORRELL,  Pennsylvania,  Chairman. 

JOHN  V.  L.  PRUYN,  New  York.  JAMES  T.  EARLE,  Maryland. 

GEORGE  H.  CORLISS,  Rhode  Island.         JOHN  LYNCH,  Louisiana. 
JOHN  G.  STEVENS,  New  Jersey.  WALTER  W.  WOOD,  Virginia. 

GEORGE  B.  LORING,  Massachusetts.          ALFRED  T.  C.OSHORX.  Ohio. 
Executive  Committee. 


36  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

[No.  33-] 

Official  OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

Forms'  PHILADELPHIA,  February,  1873. 

1873- 

TO  THE  OFFICERS  AND  TEACHERS  IN  THE  UNIVERSITIES,  COLLEGES, 
AND  SCHOOLS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES: 

The  United  States  Centennial  Commissioners,  in  the  execution  of  the  trust  committed 
to  them,  desire  to  direct  the  attention  of  Officers  and  Teachers  in  Universities,  Colleges, 
and  Schools  to  the  relations  which  the  proposed  International  Exhibition  must  sustain  to 
the  educational  interests  of  our  country. 

The  plan  adopted  embraces  the  presentation  of  the  arts  and  industries  of  the  world  in 
such  a  way  that  the  best  facilities  will  be  afforded  for  careful  analysis  and  generalization. 
"  These  simultaneous  views  of  the  condition  of  the  whole  globe  as  to  material  arts"  are 
useful  beyond  computation,  not  only  to  industrial  development,  but  also  to  scientific  and 
literary  progress. 

The  classification  embraces  Ten  Departments  .** 

I.  Raw  materials — Mineral,  Vegetable,  and  Animal. 

II.  Materials  and  Manufactures  used  for  Food,  or  in  the  Arts,  the  result  of  Extractive 
or  Combining  Processes. 

III.  Textile  and  Felted  Fabrics;  Apparel,  Costumes,  and  Ornaments  for  the  Person. 

IV.  Furniture  and  Manufactures  of  general  use  in  construction  and  in  dwellings. 
V.  Tools,  Implements,  Machines,  and  Processes. 

VI.  Motors  and  Transportation. 

VII.  Apparatus  and  Methods  for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge. 
VIII.  Engineering,  Public  Works,  Architecture,  etc. 
IX.  Plastic  and  Graphic  Arts. 

X.  Objects  illustrating  efforts  for  the  improvement  of  the  Physical,  Intellectual,  and 
Moral  Condition  of  Man. 

The  departments  will  be  divided  into  groups  and  classes,  to  facilitate  the  arrangement 
and  display  of  the  various  articles  placed  on  exhibition. 

If  the  ideal  be  in  any  degree  realized,  the  attractions  of  the  place  will  bring  together 
learned  and  scientific  men  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  not  the  least  of  the  good  results 
of  the  Exhibition  will  be  the  interchange  of  thought. 

Dr.  Whewell  characterized  the  London  Exhibition  as  "the  great  university  of  1851." 

Sir  David  Brewster  said,  in  speaking  on  the  same  subject,  "  I  am  persuaded  that  the 
Exhibition  will  exercise  the  most  salutary  influence,  in  so  far  as  it  will  turn  the  attention 
of  the  influential  classes  of  society  to  the  vast  national  importance  of  encouraging  science 
and  the  arts,  by  placing  the  men  who  advance  them  in  a  better  position  than  they  have 
hitherto  occupied  in  this  country." 

The  Centennial  Commission  makes  a  special  appeal  to  our  citizens  of  liberal  culture 
to  assist  in  making  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876  more  successful  than  any  of  the 
previous  Expositions  of  the  world. 

As  opportunity  may  offer,  we  ask  that,  by  lectures  and  correspondence,  you  will  assist 
in  commending  the  great  enterprise  as  worthy  of  confidence  and  support. 

In  behalf  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

JOS.  R.  HAWLEY,  President  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 
LEWIS  WALN  SMITH,  Temporary  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

*  For  these  ten  Departments  seven  were  ultimately  substituted.    See  Form  No.  104,  page  60. 


APPENDIX  B.  37 

[Xo.  34.]         Official 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION,  PHILADELPHIA,  1873. 

1873. 

TO  THE  SCIENTIFIC,  INDUSTRIAL,  AND  COMMERCIAL  ORGANIZATIONS 
IN  THE   UNITED   STATES: 

The  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  in  the  year  1876  is  to  be 
celebrated  by  an  Exhibition  of  the  products,  arts,  and  industries  of  the  country,  and  of  the 
world.  This  is  in  accordance  with  an  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1871.  By  this 
Act  the  task  of  preparing  and  superintending  the  Exhibition  was  imposed  upon  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission,  consisting  of  two  members  from  each  of  the  States  and  Ter- 
ritories. The  Commissioners  have  three  times  met  in  general  session,  a  permanent  organi- 
zation has  been  effected,  and  the  chief  outlines  of  the  plan  for  the  Exhibition  have  been 
agreed  upon. 

This  Exhibition  is  to  be  international  and  universal, — international  inasmuch  as  all  na- 
tions will  be  invited  to  participate  in  it ;  and  universal,  because  it  will  include  a  representa- 
tion of  all  natural  and  artificial  products,  all  arts,  industries,  and  manufactures,  and  all  the 
varied  results  of  human  skill,  thought,  and  imagination. 

The  outlines  of  a  simple  yet  comprehensive  classification  have  been  adopted.  There 
will  be  ten  departments,  each  subdivided  in  ten  groups,  and  these  again  into  classes.*  The 
details  of  this  classification  are  now  being  elaborated,  and  will  be  published  in  due  season, 
together  with  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  found  necessary  for  the  proper  conduct 
and  management  of  the  Exhibition. 

It  is  intended  that  ample  space  shall  be  assigned  to  each  State,  Territory,  and  foreign 
country,  for  a  just  and  proper  display  of  their  products.  It  is  believed  that  not  less  than 
fifty  square  acres  of  floor  space,  under  roof,  will  be  required  for  this  purpose.  A  site  com- 
bining the  advantages  of  a  sufficient  extent  of  level  ground,  with  picturesque  and  cultivated 
surroundings,  easy  of  access  by  rail,  water,  and  by  ordinary  roads,  has  been  assigned  for 
the  buildings  and  grounds  at  Fairmount  Park,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  The  Exhibition 
will  open  in  April,  and  close  in  October.-)- 

Each  State  of  the  Union  will  be  expected  to  send  its  peculiar  products,  illustrating  its 
resources,  both  developed  and  undeveloped.  A  complete  exhibition  of  this  kind  by  all  the 
States  will  afford  the  means  of  comparing  their  industrial  condition  and  capabilities.  The 
products  of  mining  and  of  agriculture  will  occupy  a  large  portion  of  the  space  allotted  to 
each  State,  and  will  receive  their  just  share  of  attention  in  this  universal  display. 

An  undertaking  so  patriotic  in  its  conception,  so  vast  in  its  proportions,  and  so  useful  in 
its  results  commends  itself  to  the  hearty  sympathy  and  support  of  an  intelligent  people. 
Patriotism,  as  well  as  an  appreciation  of  the  industrial,  educational,  and  moral  influences  of 
well-organized  exhibitions,  should  impel  all  citizens  to  lend  a  helping  hand.  It  is  the  duty 
of  the  Commission  to  prepare  the  way  and  open  the  doors,  but  the  people,  in  their  sovereign 
right  and  strength,  must  make  the  Exhibition.  By  their  aid  alone  can  it  be  made  a  just 
and  comprehensive  display  of  the  industrial,  intellectual,  and  moral  development  of  the 
Nation  during  the  first  century  of  its  existence. 

The  Commission  not  only  relies  with  confidence  upon  the  aid  of  the  people  in  general, 
but  it  hopes  to  receive  the  co-operation  of  the  scientific,  industrial,  and  commercial  organi- 
zations of  the  country,  and  particularly  of  those  which  have  aided  in  directing  and  realizing 
the  popular  demand  for  agricultural  and  industrial  exhibitions. 

JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  President  of  the  Commission. 
LEWIS  WALN  SMITH,  Temporary  Secretary. 

*  See  last  reference. 

f  Subsequently  modified.     The  Exhibition  opened  May  10,  and  closed  November  10. 


38  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


Official 


Forras'  CIRCULAR   LETTER   TO   CENTENNIAL  COMMISSIONERS 

1873- 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 
PHILADELPHIA,  FEBRUARY  i,  1873. 


United  States  Centennial  Commissioner,  etc.,  etc. 

DEAR  SIR, — The  President  of  the  Commission  directs  me  to  ask  your  attention  to  the 
following  extracts  from  the  proceedings  of  the  last  meeting  of  the  Commission,  in  relation 
to  the  appointment  of  a  Committee  to  visit  Vienna : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  President  of  this  Commission  is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  a 
Committee  to  represent  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  at  the  Exposition  to  be 
held  in  the  city  of  Vienna,  in  May  next,  the  said  Committee  to  report  to  this  Commission. 
.  .  .  "Provided,  That  it  shall  be  no  expense  to  the  Commission."  (Journal,  p.  205.) 

General  Hawley  proposes  to  appoint  upon  the  Committee  every  member  of  the  Com- 
mission who  may  be  going  to  Vienna  next  summer,  as  it  is  important  that  the  Commission 
should  be  well  represented  there;  and  the  appointment,  though  conferring  no  pecuniary 
benefit,  will  undoubtedly  command  some  facilities  that  would  not  be  granted  to  a  mere 
visitor. 

Will  you  please  inform  me  at  your  earliest  convenience  whether  or  not  it  is  your  desire 
to  visit  the  Vienna  Exhibition  as  a  member  of  such  a  Committee,  and  if  so,  at  what  time? 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

WILLIAM    P.   BLAKE    Executive  Commissioner. 


[No.  38.] 
SPECIFICATIONS   FOR    DESIGN   FOR   CERTIFICATE   OF   STOCK. 

UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 
PHILADELPHIA  [March  ...],  1873. 

Desiring  to  elicit  competent  artistic  talent  and  skill  in  the  production  of  a  design  for  an 
engraving  on  steel  of  a  form  of  certificate  of  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance, 
the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  invite  a  fair  competition  of  those  designers  and 
artists  who  may  be  disposed  to  make  the  effort  to  gain  the  honor  and  reward  which  will  be 
accorded  to  the  successful  competitor. 

The  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars  in  currency  will  be  paid  to  the  person  whose  design 
may  be  accepted.  Those  who  are  not  successful  will  have  no  claim  to  compensation  for 
their  labor,  but  honorable  mention  will  be  made  of  those  designs  according  to  the  order  of 
merit  which  they  exhibit.  Should  any  part  of  a  design,  the  whole  of  which  is  not  taken, 
be  desired  for  use,  a  special  proposal  will  be  made  to  the  designer,  giving  the  terms  upon 
which  such  part  will  be  taken. 

The  selection  and  decision  will  be  made  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  this  Commis- 
sion during  the  month  of  May,  1873. 

The  outside  dimensions  of  the  design,  exclusive  of  margin,  will  be  sixteen  by  eleven 
inches.  It  may  be  freely  sketched  in  India  ink  or  pencil  or  in  pen  drawing.  The  latter 
is  considered  preferable.  If  that  form  is  adopted,  it  would  be  preferred  that  the  design 
should  be  drawn  on  a  larger  scale,  preserving  the  same  relative  dimensions,  so  that  the 
work  may  be  reproduced  by  the  Heliotype  or  some  other  photo-engraving  process,  in 
which  process  the  reduction  may  be  made  photographically. 

No  colors  should  be  used  in  the  design,  and  if  reproduction  by  photographic  engraving 
is  to  be  adopted,  all  shadings  should  be  made  by  lines  or  etching,  and  not  by  tints. 


APPENDIX  B. 


39 


The  designs  should  be  illustrative  of  the  progress  of  the  United  States  in  the  peaceful  Official 
arts  and  sciences, — Agriculture,  Manufactures,  Commerce, — the  development  of  the  coun-  Forms« 
try  during  the  century,  and  those  triumphs  of  physical  science  which  enable  man  to  master 
and  use  the  forces  of  nature.     They  should  also  symbolize  the  freedom  and  representative 
character  of  our  institutions. 

Open  space  must  be  left,  amounting  to  about  one-fourth  of  the  area  to  be  covered  by 
the  design,  for  the  insertion  of  the  wording  of  the  certificate  and  the  signatures  of  the 
President  and  Secretary  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance.  The  lettering  will,  however, 
be  subordinated  as  much  as  possible  to  the  artistic  requirements  of  the  design. 

The  designs  should  be  forwarded  to  the  office  of  United  States  Centennial  Commission, 
No.  904  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  as  early  as  the  first  of  May  next. 

JOSEPH    R.   HAWLEY,  President. 
LEWIS  WALN  SMITH,  Secretary. 


[NEWSPAPER   ADVERTISEMENT.] 


OF    THE 

UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

STATE    OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

City  of  Philadelphia,  March  10, 


CALL  FOR  A  MEETING  TO  ELECT 

A 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS 

FOR  THE 

CENTENNIAL  BOARD  OF  FINANCE. 


In  accordance  with  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  June  I,  1872,  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission  hereby  issue  a  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  Corporators,  and  all  others 
who  may  then  have  subscribed  for  Stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  to  be  held 

IN    CONCERT    HALL, 

on  the  north  side  of  Chestnut  Street,  between  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  Streets,  in  the  City 
of  Philadelphia,  aforesaid,  on  the 

22d  day  of  April  next,  at  12  rf  clock,  noon, 

for  the  purpose  of  electing  a  board  of  directors,  to  consist  of  twenty-five  stockholders, 
whose  term  of  office  shall  be  one  year,  and  until  their  successors  shall  have  been  qualified 
as  prescribed  in  said  act. 


40  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  2876. 

Official  At  this  meeting  each  subscriber  for  stock  will  be  entitled  to  cast  one  vote,  in  person  or 

ms'  by  proxy,  for  each  share  of  stock  thus  represented. 

And  under  Rule  Ninth,  the  following  form  of  proxy  may  be  used : 

"  I  do  hereby  authorize  and  empower  for  me,  and  in  my  name 

"  to  vote  upon  share    of  stock  in  said  corporation  held  by  me,  and  represented  by 

"  subscription  certificate  No.  ,  at  the  meeting  of  the  corporators  and  subscribers  for 

"said  stock  called  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  to  be  held  at  Phila- 
"  delphia,  State  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  purpose  of  electing  the  first  board  of  directors  of 
"  said  corporation. 


«  Witness  at  signing.  \          "  (Name  of  Subscriber.) 
6  /  "(Address.)" 


'  (Address.)' 
By  order  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

JOSEPH    R.  HAWLEY, 

LEWIS  WALN  SMITH,  President. 

Secretary. 


[NEWSPAPER   ADVERTISEMENT.] 


ORIFICE     OIF 


UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

No.    904   WALNUT    STREET. 

Philadelphia,  April,  1873. 

PROPOSALS  FOR  PLANS 

FOR   THE 

CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY  BUILDINGS. 


Architects,  Engineers,  and  others  are  hereby  invited  to  offer  preliminary  sketches  or 
designs  for  the  buildings  to  be  erected  in  Fairmount  Park,  Philadelphia,  for  the  Interna- 
tional Exhibition  in  1876. 

Specifications  and  other  documents  prepared  for  those  desiring  to  compete  for  the  design, 

Together  with  information  as  to  the  sums  to  be  paid  for  the 
plans  which  may  be  selected, 

will  be  furnished  on  application  to  LEWIS  WALN  SMITH,  Secretary  of  the  Centennial  Com 
mission,  No.  904  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 

All  plans  must  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Commission 

Before  noon,  on  the  i^th  day  of  July,  187 J, 

after  which  time  no  designs  will  be  received. 

By  direction  of  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture. 

ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Chairman. 


APPENDIX  B.  4I 

[No.  39.]          Official 

UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 
No.  904  WALNUT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  April  5,  1873. 

TO   THE  OFFICERS  OF  THE   GENERAL  GOVERNMENT,  AND  OF  THE 
GOVERNMENTS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  STATES: 

GENTLEMEN, — You  are  doubtless  aware  that  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission 
has  been  organized,  in  obedience  to  the  national  will,  as  declared  in  Acts  of  Congress,  for 
the  purpose  of  rendering  the  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American 
Independence,  which  is  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  a  celebration  that  will  live  in 
history  as  the  grandest  and  most  sublime  commemoration  the  world  has  ever  witnessed. 

That  this  occasion  might  afford  to  every  nation  the  fullest  and  most  comprehensive 
manifestation  of  what  our  republic  has  achieved  in  developing  civilization  and  extending 
its  sway,  Congress  adopted  a  plan  by  which  all  the  products  of  the  globe  that  minister  to 
human  wants,  all  the  results  of  industry,  the  choicest  specimens  of  every  art,  the  triumphs 
of  genius  in  every  field  of  intellectual  activity, — whatever,  indeed,  affects  the  moral  and 
physical  condition  of  the  race,  are  to  be  brought  together  at  the  birthplace  of  the  nation 
in  an  international  exhibition,  wherein  the  system  of  arrangement  and  classification  shall 
be  such  as  to  afford  a  comparative  view  of  each  country's  share  in  the  movement  of 
progress. 

This  plan  was  conceived,  and  will  be  carried  out,  in  the  highest  interests  of  philan- 
thropy and  peace.  Unity  and  concord  among  our  own  people,  and  between  this  and  other 
nations,  stand  foremost  among  the  sentiments  that  inspired  the  project.  To  acknowledge 
the  true  dignity  of  labor,  to  develop  the  best  interests  of  capital,  to  represent  in  this  colossal 
compendium  of  civilization  the  fruits  of  the  creative  power,  both  of  the  hand  and  of  the 
brain,  are  some  of  the  grounds  upon  which  this  national  movement  appeals  to  the  patriot- 
ism of  our  countrymen  for  a  support  that  shall  make  its  success  triumphant  and  complete. 
Such  support  we  confidently  look  for  at  your  hands. 

A  celebration,  the  great  object  of  which  is  to  promote  the  national  glory,  and  to  prove 
the  beneficence  of  the  institutions  under  which  we  live,  should  receive  peculiar  sympathy 
and  support  from  those  who  have  been  selected  to  act  as  the  official  representatives  of  that 
system  of  government  the  success  of  which  the  "  Centennial"  is  to  celebrate.  Whether 
by  the  direct  vote  of  the  people  or  by  official  appointment,  you  hold  representative  positions, 
and  consequently  your  obligations  on  such  occasions  as  the  present  are  greater  than  those 
of  the  private  citizen,  and  your  example  must  sensibly  influence  the  action  of  your  towns- 
men and  neighbors.  Hence  we  do  not  hesitate  to  ask  your  most  active  aid  in  promoting 
an  object  so  eminently  deserving  the  zealous  co-operation  of  every  American. 

Pennsylvania,  and  Philadelphia,  her  great  manufacturing  metropolis,  have  led  the  way 
in  furnishing  their  proportion  of  capital  with  noble  generosity,  through  subscriptions  by  het 
citizens  and  appropriations  by  the  State  and  city  governments,  which  amount  already  to 
more  than  three  times  the  quota  of  stock  apportioned  to  the  State,  and  are  still  increasing 
their  contributions.  The  Commission  now  awaits  the  response  from  other  quarters  to  this 
worthy  example.  It  feels  assured  that  with  a  correct  understanding  of  the  objects  in  view 
every  public  officer  will  feel  it  both  a  duty  and  a  pleasure,  by  subscription  and  co-operation, 
to  exert  himself  to  the  utmost  to  hasten  the  success  of  an  exposition  that  must  prove  so 
great  a  benefit  to  every  section  of  our  common  country. 

JOS.  R.  HAWLEY,  President. 

LEWIS  WALN  SMITH,  Secretary. 


42  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION  1876. 

Official 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 
1873. 

PHILADELPHIA,  April  i,  1873. 

SPECIFICATIONS 

FOR  PLANS  FOR  THE  CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY  BUILDINGS  TO  BE  ERECTED  IN  PHILA- 
DELPHIA FOR  THE  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION  IN  1876. 

The  entire  buildings  connected  with  the  Exhibition  will  cover  at  least  fifty  acres  of 
ground,  and  will  be  located  in  Fairmount  Park. 

This  communication  refers  only  to  the  Main  Exhibition  Building  and  to  the  Art  Gallery, 
the  latter  being  a  building  separate  and  distinct  from  the  former. 

1st.  The  Main  Building  will  be  located  upon  the  site  marked  A  on  the  topographical 
map  furnished  by  the  Centennial  Commission,  and  Deluding  such  open  courts  and  areas 
as  the  nature  of  the  various  designs  may  require,  but  mcluding  the  galleries,  should  cover 
at  least  twenty-five  acres  of  floor  space. 

A  portion  of  this  Main  Building  will  form  the  Memorial  Hall,  and  must  be  a  complete 
building  within  itself.  It  must  be  of  such  a  character,  and  constructed  of  such  substantial 
materials,  as  that  it  shall  remain  after  the  close  of  the  Exhibition  for  a  permanent  Art 
Museum. 

The  Memorial  Building  will  include  not  to  exceed  five  acres  of  floor  space.  The  re- 
maining portion  of  the  Main  Building  will  be  removed  after  the  close  of  the  Exhibition, 
and  must  be  planned  accordingly. 

The  entire  Main  Building  must  be  designed  so  as  to  afford  an  opportunity  for  the  best 
allotment  of  space,  with  a  view  to  a  comprehensive  and  effective  arrangement  of  articles, 
in  accordance  with  the  classification  adopted  by  the  Centennial  Commission. 

In  the  published  statement,  giving  the  classifications  adopted  by  the  Commission,  those 
"  Groups"  marked  ^4  are  intended  to  be  placed  in  the  Main  Building;  the  other  "  Groups" 
will  not  require  consideration  in  connection  with  this  building. 

2d.  The  Art  Gallery  will  be  located  upon  the  site  marked  B  on  the  map  furnished  by 
the  Centennial  Commission,  and  excluding  open  areas,  if  the  nature  of  the  design  requires 
them,  should  cover  not  to  exceed  two  acres  of  floor  space.  This  building  must  be  of  such 
substantial  materials  and  sufficiently  fire-proof  as  to  thoroughly  protect  the  valuable  articles 
to  be  placed  in  it,  It  must  be  well  adapted  to  Contain  and  properly  exhibit  the  various 
articles  mentioned  in  the  "  Groups"  marked  B,  in  the  classification  adopted  by  the  Com- 
mission. 

In  designing  both  the  above  buildings  special  care  must  be  taken  to  insure  ample 
strength  to  sustain  safely  the  great  weights  and  moving  crowds  that  they  may  contain.  At 
the  same  time,  they  must  be  able  to  effectually  resist  the  action  of  the  severest  winds,  and 
afford  complete  protection  to  their  contents  from  the  weather,  without  becoming  expensive 
in  construction. 

The  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture  has  prepared  for  distribution  a  map  showing 
the  sites  of  the  proposed  buildings,  and  a  statement,  giving  the  classification  adopted  by 
the  Commission.  Those  interested  can  obtain  copies  by  applying  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Commission,  at  904  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Architects,  Engineers,  and  others  are  hereby  invited  to  offer  Preliminary  Sketches  of 
Designs  for  each  of  the  above  buildings,  for  thejirst  and  unlimited  competition. 

Designs  offered  for  each  building  must  be  represented  by  the  following  drawings,  and 
conform  strictly  to  the  following  requirements ;  none  others  will  be  considered : 

No.  i.  The  block  plan. 

No.  2.  The  ground  plan. 

No.  3.  The  gallery  plan. 

No.  4.  The  north  elevation. 

No.  5.  The  south  elevation. 


APPENDIX  B.  43 

No.  6.  The  transverse  sections  necessary  to  properly  illustrate  the  design.  Official 

Drawing  No.  I  must  be  made  to  the  scale  of  one  hundred  feet  to  an  inch,  and  must  F 
show  both  buildings  in  their  proposed  relative  position  to  each  other.     Separate  drawings 
to  the  scale  of  64  feet  to  an  inch  for  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  will  be  required  for  each  building. 

All  the  drawings  must  be  in  pencil,  india  ink,  or  sepia,  with  the  shadows  cast,  and  no 
color  shall  be  used,  except  upon  the  block  plan  and  plans  of  the  floors. 

Each  design  shall  be  accompanied  by  a  clear  and  condensed  written  description  of  the 
drawings,  and  the  proposed  material  of  construction,  under  seal,  and  a  sealed  letter  giving 
the  address  of  author.  The  name  of  the  party  offering  the  design  must  not  appear  on  the 
drawings,  or  be  attached  to  the  description.  All  plans  must  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Commission,  at  Philadelphia,  before  noon  on  the  sixteenth  day  of  July, 
1873,  after  which  time  no  designs  will  be  received. 

As  the  designs  submitted  are  received,  the  date  of  their  reception  will  be  indorsed 
upon  them,  and,  together  with  the  description  and  sealed  letter  giving  the  address  of  the 
architect,  will  be  numbered ;  the  designs,  descriptions,  and  address  will  each  bear  the  same 
number.  Thus  numbered,  they  will  remain  in  the  possession  of  the  Secretary  until  opened 
by  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture. 

From  these  preliminary  sketches  of  designs,  submitted  as  above  indicated  for  this  first 
competition,  there  will  be  selected  ten  designs  (if  there  be  found  that  number  sufficiently 
meritorious  to  be  admitted  to  the  second  competition),  to  each  of  which  shall  be  paid  the 
sum  of  one  thousand  ($1000)  dollars. 

The  letters  giving  the  addresses  will  be  opened  after  judgment  has  been  pronounced 
by  the  Committee,  and  the  authors  of  each  of  the  ten  designs  will  be  notified  of  their  . 
designs  having  been  selected  for  the  second  competition ;  the  others  will  be  returned  to  the 
parties  submitting  them. 

The  second  competition,  for  the  final  adoption  of  a  plan,  shall  be  limited  to  the  designs 
selected  under  the  first  public  competition,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  herein 
specified. 

The  conditions,  requirements,  awards,  etc.,  for  the  second  competition  will  be  announced 
at  or  prior  to  the  close  of  the  first  competition. 

Persons  intending  to  compete  for  the  Plans  should  file  their  address  with  the  Secretary 
of  the  Commission,  so  that  further  announcements  may  be  promptly  communicated  to  them. 

ALFRED   T.  GOSHORN,  Ohio. 
WM.  HENRY  PARSONS,  Texas. 
ORESTES   CLEVELAND,  New  Jersey. 
DAVID   ATWOOD,  Wisconsin. 
EZEKIEL   A.  STRAW,  New  Hampshire. 
GEO.  ALEXANDER  BATCHELDER,  Dakota. 
MIDDLETON   GOLDSMITH,  Vermont. 

Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture. 


[No.  4i.j 
CIRCULAR   TO   EXHIBITORS. 

PHILADELPHIA, ....187 

M..... 


For  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  progress  of  the  necessary  preparations  in  connection 
with  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876,  your  co-operation  is  requested.  Have  the 
kindness  to  forward  a  list  of  such  products  or  manufactures  as  you  desire  to  have  on 
exhibition  at  that  time,  with  amount  of  space  required,  so  far  as  it  is  possible  to  prepare 


44  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  it.     This  list  will  not  interfere  with  any  future  entries  that  you  may  desire  to  add ;  the 

object  being  simply  to  form  some  practical  idea  as  to  total  amount  of  space  required,  and 
to  aid  in  the  prompt  production  of  the  Catalogue.  A  form  is  inclosed,  which  you  will 
please  fill  up  and  send  addressed  to 

Yours  respectfully, 

ALFRED    T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 


[No.  44.] 
COMPETITION   FOR   PLANS   OF   BUILDINGS. 

PHILADELPHIA,  July  16,  1873. 

The  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission 
announce  that  forty  sketches  of  designs  for  the  International  Exhibition  Buildings  were 
received  previous  to  noon,  July  15. 

The  Committee  is  now  engaged  in  the  examination  of  the  designs  submitted,  and  will 
announce  the  award  August  7,  1873,  for  the  designs  selected  for  the  second  competition, 
in  accordance  with  the  conditions  prescribed  in  the  circular  letter,  addressed  to  Architects, 
dated  April  I. 

Rules  defining  the  conditions,  requirements,  awards,  etc.,  for  the  second  competition 
will  be  announced  at  the  same  time. 

By  order  of  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture. 

JAMES    E.  DEXTER,  Secretary  of  the  Committee  on  Plans. 


[No.  45.J 

CONDITIONS,    REQUIREMENTS,   AND    AWARDS    OF    THE    SECOND 

COMPETITION. 

PHILADELPHIA,  August  n,  1873. 

The  conditions  and  instructions  issued  for  the  first  competition,  so  far  as  they  relate  to 
the  details  of  the  building,  are  still  in  force. 

Each  of  the  above-named  architects  will  receive  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Commission 
a  set  of  photographic  copies  of  the  ten  selected  designs,  with  printed  descriptions  of  each, 
upon  a  written  statement  being  received  by  the  Secretary  that  he  intends  to  enter  for  the 
second  competition. 

The  plans  submitted  for  the  second  competition  must  also  show,  in  regard  to  the  Art 
Gallery,  the  most  approved  arrangements  as  to  light  and  proper  distribution  of  wall  space. 

The  Memorial  Building,  which  is  to  be  permanent  in  its  construction,  must  form  a 
conspicuous  architectural  feature,  in  connection  with  the  temporary  buildings,  and  be  so 
erected  as  to  remain  an  isolated  building,  suitable  for  public  meetings,  museum,  and 
exhibition  purposes,  after  the  Universal  Exhibition  closes. 

The  temporary  buildings  being  connected  with  the  Memorial  Building,  whether  they 
be  rectangular,  elliptical,  semi-elliptical,  circular,  or  semi-circular,  must  admit  of  the  dual 
application  of  the  systematic  and  geographical  classification. 

The  competitors  must  show  distinctly  on  the  block  plan  the  system  of  railroad  communi- 
cation throughout  the  grounds  and  buildings  which  they  would  propose  as  the  best  means 
for  transportation  of  visitors  and  freight,  and  the  following  papers  must  accompany  the 
plans : 

I .  An  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  Art  Gallery ;  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  Memorial 
Building;  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  Temporary  Building. 


APPENDIX  B. 


45 


2.  A  statement  of  the  time  required  to  execute  the  designs,  provided  the  final  drawings  Official 
are  commenced  by  October  I,  and  sufficiently  advanced  to  begin  laying  the  foundations  on  Forms> 
November  I,  next. 

3.  A  statement  giving  as  much  information  as  possible  in  regard  to  the  materials  to 
be  used. 

The  plans  and  accompanying  papers  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  of  the  U.  S. 
Centennial  Commission  on  or  before  September  20,  1873. 

As  soon  as  possible  thereafter  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture  will  award  to 
the  author  of  one  design  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars. 

It  is  to  be  distinctly  understood  that  all  the  designs  and  papers  submitted  for  the  final 
competition  shall,  on  being  so  submitted,  become  the  property  of  the  U.  S.  Centennial 
Commission. 

The  successful  competitor,  before  receiving  the  av/ard,  will  be  called  upon  to  furnish 
detailed  drawings  and  specifications  sufficient  to  illustrate  and  explain  clearly  the  principal 
parts  of  his  design. 

The  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture  claims  the  right,  before  making  a  decision 
in  the  final  competition,  to  hold  personal  interviews  with  the  competitors  themselves,  for 
the  purpose  of  hearing  any  further  explanations  that  may  be  deemed  necessary. 

Those  designs  not  selected  in  the  first  competition  will  be  sent  to  the  proper  parties 
upon  written  application  being  made  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Commission,  No.  904  Walnut 
Street,  Philadelphia. 

The  nine  plans  remaining  after  the  award  in  the  second  competition  will  be  conspicu- 
ously exhibited  in  the  Art  Gallery  of  the  Exhibition  in  1876. 

By  direction  of  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture. 

JAMES    E.  DEXTER,  Secretary  of  the  Committee  on  Plans  and  Architecture. 


[NO.  47-3 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT  OF  APPLICATIONS   FOR   SPACE. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 
PHILADELPHIA, _., 187 

M 

Sir, — Your1  application  for  space  in  the  International    Exhibition  of    1876    has  been 
received  and  registered. 

The  number  of  your  application  is         .     Have  the  kindness,  in  any  future  correspond- 
ence relating  to  your  proposed  exhibit,  to  mention  this  number. 

Yours  respectfully, 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 


[No.  53-] 
INFORMATION   TO   EXHIBITORS. 

[Superseded  by  Nos.  62  and  105.     See  the  latter.] 


46  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Official  [No.  51.1 

Forms,  CIRCULAR   LETTER   TO   GOVERNORS. 

1873. 

PHILADELPHIA,  November  12,  1873. 

To  his  Excellency 

Governor  of 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  solicit  your  concurrence  with  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission  in  the  work  of  procuring  such  representations  of  the  natural  resources  and 
industrial  progress  of  your  State  as  will  insure  its  successful  participation  in  the  International 
Exhibition  of  1876. 

After  careful  deliberation,  the  Commission  has  concluded  that  this  end  may  best  be 
attained  through  the  instrumentality  of  State  Boards,  which  should  be  composed  of  men 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  capabilities  of  the  State  or  Territory  they  represent,  and  upon 
which  will  devolve  the  responsibility  for  the  Exhibition  made  under  their  direction.  The 
scheme  upon  which  it  has  seemed  best  to  organize  these  Boards  is  embodied  in  Section  5 
of  the  "  Regulations  for  Exhibitors  in  the  United  States,"  a  copy  of  which  is  hereby 
inclosed,  and  to  which  I  beg  to  direct  your  attention. 

The  magnitude  of  the  labor  of  preparing  and  classifying  the  exhibits  for  each  State, 
and  the  limited  time  remaining,  convince  the  Centennial  Commission  that  the  organization 
of  the  State  Boards  cannot  be  safely  deferred  beyond  the  ist  of  April,  1874,  without  im- 
periling the  interests  of  the  exhibitors  they  are  to  represent.  I  have,  therefore,  to  express 
the  hope  that  your  Excellency  will  lay  the  subject  before  the  Legislature  of  your  State, 
with  such  recommendations  as  will  insure  the  appointment  of  the  members  of  the  Board 
as  suggested  at  an  early  day. 

In  order  that  you  may  have  further  information  of  the  object,  scope,  and  requirements 
of  the  work  intrusted  to  the  Centennial  Commission,  the  Commissioners  for  your  State  have 
been  requested  to  confer  with  you,  and  they  will  be  pleased  to  render  you  any  aid  you  may 
desire  in  inaugurating  means  to  secure  a  full  representation  of  the  resources  of  your  State 
in  the  International  Exhibition. 

I  am,  with  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 
A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director-  General  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission. 


[No.  52.] 
CIRCULAR   LETTER   TO   CENTENNIAL   COMMISSIONERS. 

PHILADELPHIA,  Nov.  12,  1873. 

Hon ; 

United  States  Centennial  Commissioner  for 

SIR, — At  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  held  on  the  7th  inst.,  it  was  deemed 
essential  for  the  thorough  representation  of  all  sections  of  the  country  in  the  International 
Exhibition  of  1876,  that  there  should  be  organized  in  each  State  and  Territory  a  Board  of 
Managers,  to  insure  the  efficient  prosecution  of  this  important  work. 

After  a  careful  consideration  of  the  best  manner  of  interesting  all  the  people  of  the 
States,  and  of  securing  worthy  and  creditable  exhibits,  the  plan  adopted  especially  com- 
mended itself  as  being  the  most  comprehensive  and  feasible  for  uniform  execution.  It  is' 
embodied  in  Section  5  of  the  "  Regulations  for  Exhibitors  in  the  United  States,"  a  copy 
of  which  is  herewith  forwarded  to  you.  A  copy  will  also  be  sent  to  your  associate.  These 
regulations  will  indicate  to  you  the  extent  and  nature  of  the  work  that  will  be  delegated  to 
the  State  Boards,  and  the  urgent  necessity  for  their  early  organization.  It  is  found  im- 
practicable for  this  office  to  communicate  with  individual  exhibitors  throughout  the  country, 


APPENDIX  B.  47 

and  quite  impossible  to  determine  and  discriminate  on  the  character  of  the  exhibits  offered.  Official 
It  is,  therefore,  proposed  that  the  State  Boards  shall  supervise  the  preliminary  work  of  the  Form5» 
Exhibition  in  their  respective  States,  and  be  the  intermediate  means  of  representing  the 
various  interests  of  the  Commission. 

It  is  hoped  that  a  full  presentaiion  of  this  scheme  to  the  Governor  and  Legislature  of 
your  State  will  enlist  their  cordial  support  and  assistance  in  establishing  it  on  an  efficient 
basis  at  an  early  day. 

You  will  observe  that  the  1st  of  April,  1874,  has  been  fixed  upon  as  the  time  beyond 
which  the  organization  of  the  State  Boards  cannot  be  deferred  without  detriment  to  the 
interests  of  the  exhibitors  whom  they  will  represent.  It  is  very  desirable,  therefore,  that 
you  should  urge  upon  the  Governor  (if  possible  in  a  personal  interview)  the  early  presen- 
tation of  the  subject  to  the  Legislature,  with  such  recommendations  as  may  insure  the 
prompt  organization  of  the  Board,  of  which  you  will  be  a  member. 

In  conferring  with  the  Governor,  it  may  be  well  that  you  should  give  consideration  to 
the  number  of  members  that  may  advantageously  be  placed  upon  your  Board.  The 
maximum  number  of  five,  in  addition  to  the  Commissioner  and  Alternate,  was  designed  to 
provide  for  the  conditions  of  States  having  so  large  an  area  or  such  diversity  of  products  as 
would  require  the  attention  of  a  more  numerous  body  of  organizers  than  might  be  adequate 
elsewhere.  Your  judgment  may  determine  that  a  smaller  membership  than  that  designated 
may  be  more  effective  in  its  practical  working. 

A  copy  of  the  Regulations  has  been  sent  to  the  Governor  of  your  State,  together  with 
a  letter  upon  the  subject,  of  which  I  inclose  a  copy  for  your  information;  we  trust  that 
on  consultation  with  the  Governor  and  your  associate  Commissioner,  you  will  be  able, 
under  legislative  sanction,  to  organize  a  Board  that  will  at  once  undertake  to  assist  us  in 
the  great  national  work  in  which  we  are  engaged.  I  shall  be  pleased  at  all  times  to  render 
you  all  the  aid  I  can  from  this  office. 

Very  respectfully, 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 


[No.  53-J 

INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION.— 1876. 
UNITED  STATES   CENTENNIAL   COMMISSION. 


BY  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
A   PROCLAMATION: 

Whereas  by  the  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
one,  providing  for  a  National  Celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States,  by  the  holding  of  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts, 
Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  it  is  provided  as  follows : 

"  That  whenever  the  President  shall  be  informed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State  ot 
Pennsylvania  that  provision  has  been  made  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings  for  the 
purpose,  and  for  the  exclusive  control  by  the  Commission  herein  provided  for  of  the 
proposed  Exhibition,  the  President  shall,  through  the  Department  of  State,  make  Procla- 
mation of  the  same,  setting  forth  the  time  at  which  the  Exhibition  will  open,  and  the 
place  at  which  it  will  be  held;  and  he  shall  communicate  to  the  Diplomatic  Representatives 
of  all  nations  copies  of  the  same,  together  with  such  regulations  as  may  be  adopted  by  the 
Commissioners,  for  publication  in  their  respective  countries;" 

And  whereas  His  Excellency  the  Governor  of  the  said  State  of  Pennsylvania  did,  on 


48  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three,  inform  me  that  provi- 

ms>  sion  has  been  made  for  the  erection  of  said  buildings  and  for  the  exclusive  control  by  the 

Commission  provided  for  in  the  said  Act  of  the  proposed  Exhibition ; 

And  whereas  the  President  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  has  officially 
informed  me  of  the  dates  fixed  for  the  opening  and  closing  of  the  said  Exhibition,  and 
the  place  at  which  it  is  to  be  held ; 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  ULYSSES  S.  GRANT,  President  of  the  United  States, 
in  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  Congress  aforesaid,  do  hereby  declare  and 
proclaim  that  there  will  be  held,  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  to 
be  opened  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
six,  and  to  be  closed  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  October,  in  the  same  year. 

And  in  the  interest  of  peace,  civilization,  and  domestic  and  international  friendship  and 
intercourse,  I  commend  the  Celebration  and  Exhibition  to  the  people  of  the  United  States; 
and,  in  behalf  of  this  Government  and  people,  I  cordially  commend  them  to  all  nations 
who  may  be  pleased  to  take  part  therein. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the  Seal  of  the  United 

States  to  be  affixed. 
[L.S.] 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  third  day  of  July,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  seventy-three,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  the 
ninety-seventh. 

By  the  President :  U.  S.  GRANT. 

HAMILTON  FISH,  Secretary  of  State. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE,  WASHINGTON,  July  5,  1873. 
SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  inclose,  for  the  information  of  the  Government  of. 


a  copy  of  the  President's  Proclamation,  announcing  the  time  and  place  of  holding  an  Inter- 
national Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  proposed  to 
be  held  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

The  Exhibition  is  designed  to  commemorate  the  Declaration  of  the  Independence  of 
the  United  States,  on  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  that  interesting  and  historic  national 
event,  and,  at  the  same  time,  to  present  a  fitting  opportunity  for  such  display  of  the  results 
of  Art  and  Industry  of  all  nations  as  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  great  Advances  attained,  and 
the  successes  achieved,  in  the  interest  of  Progress  and  Civilization  during  the  century  which 
will  have  then  closed. 

In  the  law  providing  for  the  holding  of  the  Exhibition,  Congress  directed  that  copies 
of  the  Proclamation  of  the  President,  setting  forth  the  time  of  its  opening  and  the  place  at 
which  it  was  to  be  held,  together  with  such  regulations  as  might  be  adopted  by  the  Com- 
missioners of  the  Exhibition,  should  be  communicated  to  the  Diplomatic  Representatives 
of  all  nations.  Copies  of  those  regulations  are  herewith  transmitted. 

The  President  indulges  the  hope  that  the  Government  of 

will  be  pleased  to  notice  the  subject, 

and  may  deem  it  proper  to  bring  the  Exhibition  and  its  objects  to  the  attention  of  the  people 
of  that  country,  and  thus  encourage  their  co-operation  in  the  proposed  celebration.  And  he 
further  hopes  that  the  opportunity  afforded  by  the  Exhibition  for  the  interchange  of  national 
sentiment  and  friendly  intercourse  between  the  people  of  both  nations  may  result  in  new  and 
still  greater  advantages  to  Science  and  Industry,  and  at  the  same  time  serve  to  strengthen  the 


APPENDIX  B. 


49 


bonds  of  Peace  and  Friendship,  which  already  happily  subsist  between  the  Government  and  Official 

people  of. and  those  of  the  United  States.     Forms. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  with  the  highest  consideration, 

Your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  HAMILTON   FISH,  Secretary  of  State. 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS. 

First.  The  International  Exhibition  of  1876  will  be  held  in  Fairmount  Park,  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

Second.  The  date  of  opening  of  the  Exhibition  will  be  April  19,  1876,  and  of  closing 
will  be  October  19,  1876.* 

Third.  A  cordial  invitation  is  hereby  extended  to  every  nation  of  the  earth  to  be  repre- 
sented by  its  arts,  industries,  progress,  and  development. 

Fourth.  A  formal  acceptance  of  this  invitation  is  requested  previous  to  March  4,  1874. 

Fifth.  Each  nation  accepting  this  invitation  is  requested  to  appoint  a  Commission, 
through  which  all  matters  pertaining  to  its  own  interests  shall  be  conducted.  For  the  pur- 
pose of  convenient  intercourse  and  satisfactory  supervision,  it  is  especially  desired  that  one 
member  of  each  such  Commission  be  designated  to  reside  at  Philadelphia  until  the  close 
of  the  Exposition. 

Sixth.  The  privileges  of  Exhibitors  can  be  granted  only  to  citizens  of  countries  whose 
Governments  have  formally  accepted  the  invitation  to  be  represented  and  have  appointed 
the  aforementioned  Commission,  and  all  communication  must  be  made  through  the  Govern- 
mental Commissions. 

Seventh.  Applications  for  space  within  the  Exposition  Buildings,  or  in  the  adjacent 
buildings  and  grounds  under  the  control  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  must  be  made  pre- 
vious to  March  4,  1875. 

Eighth.  Full  diagrams  of  the  buildings  and  grounds  will  be  furnished  to  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  different  Nations  which  shall  accept  the  invitation  to  participate. 

Ninth.  All  articles  intended  for  exhibition,  in  order  to  secure  proper  position  and  classi- 
fication, must  be  in  Philadelphia  on  or  before  January  I,  1876. 

Tenth.  Acts  of  Congress  pertaining  to  custom-house  regulations,  duties,  etc.,  together 
with  all  special  regulations  adopted  by  the  Centennial  Commission  in  reference  to  transpor- 
tation, allotment  of  space,  classification,  motive-power,  insurance,  police-rules,  and  other 
matters  necessary  to  the  proper  display  and  preservation  of  materials,  will  be  promptly 
communicated  to  the  accredited  Representatives  of  the  several  Governments  co-operating 
in  the  Exposition. 

PHILADELPHIA,  November,  1873. 


[No.  54.] 
GENERAL   REGULATIONS   FOR   FOREIGN   EXHIBITORS. 

[Superseded  by  No.  104,  which  see.] 
*  Subsequently  modified.     The  Exhibition  opened  May  10,  and  closed  November  10. 


£O  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  [No.  61.] 

Forins,  INSTRUCTIONS   TO   STATE   BOARDS   OF   CENTENNIAL   MANAGERS. 

1.  To  provide  for  the  efficient  adjustment  of  the  preliminaries  to  the  Exhibition,  and 
to  organize  a  uniform  system  to  this  end  throughout  the  United  States,  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission  has  invited  the  several  States  and  Territories  to  appoint  State 
Centennial  Managers,  not  exceeding  five  in  number.     These  Managers,  with  the  United 
States  Commissioner  and  Alternate  Commissioner,  constitute  the  State  Board  of  Centennial 
Managers  for  each  State  and  Territory. 

Immediately  upon  the  organization  of  each  Board,  the  Director-General  of  the  Centen- 
nial Commission  should  be  furnished  with  the  names  of  the  members  of  the  Board  and  of 
its  officers.  It  is  desirable  that  each  Board  should  designate  one  of  its  members  as  Secre- 
tary, who  shall  conduct  all  its  correspondence  with  the  Commission  on  subjects  committed 
to  its  supervision. 

2.  The  first  duty  of  the  Boards  will  be  to  disseminate  information  about  the  Exhibition, 
through  the  public  press;  by  means  of  circulars  and  individual  correspondence;  through 
the  co-operation  of  industrial,  scientific,  agricultural,  and  other  associations ;  in  public  meet- 
ings; or  in  such  other  manner  as  may  be  deemed  expedient.     For  this  purpose  it  may  be 
found  practicable  to  create  co-operating  committees  in  each  county,  town,  or  district  in  the 
State. 

To  avoid  confusion  and  misunderstanding  in  the  arrangement  of  the  details  of  so  vast 
an  Exhibition,  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  uniformity  and  consistency  shall  be  pre- 
served throughout  the  documents  and  instructions  issued.  To  this  end,  all  such  publica- 
tions by  the  State  Boards  should  be  placed  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  Commission ;  and 
nothing  of  the  nature  of  promises  or  instructions  should  be  entered  into  until  approved  by 
the  Director-General. 

3.  The  classification  for  the  Exhibition  is  comprised  in  ten  Departments,  as  follows  :* 
The  subdivisions  of  the  ten  Departments  into  Groups  and  Classes  will  be  furnished  to 

the  State  Boards  at  an  early  day. 

All  allotments  of  space  must  be  made  to  conform  at  once  to  the  classification  and  to 
the  national  divisions  which  will  be  established  in  the  buildings,  except  in  the  case  of  such 
collective  exhibitions  as  may  receive  special  sanction.  The  Exhibition  is  designed  to  afford 
a  ccmparison  of  the  United  States  as  a  nation  with  the  other  nations  of  the  world,  rather 
than  to  be  a  competition  of  the  individual  States  among  themselves ;  so  that  the  aggregate 
exhibit  from  this  country  must  be  compactly  arranged.  Since  few  States,  moreover,  if  any, 
can  furnish  exhibits  in  all  the  groups  of  the  classification,  it  will  not  be  possible  to  parcel 
out  the  exhibiting  space  absolutely  in  accordance  with  State  lines.  Yet  these  will  be  pre- 
served wherever  practicable,  and  the  interests  of  all  the  States  will  be  carefully  provided 
for,  as  soon  as  there  has  been  a  sufficiently  general  receipt  of  applications  for  space  at  the 
central  office  to  indicate  the  probable  extent  and  location  of  the  requirements  of  the  several 
States. 

4.  As  it  is  desirable  that  the   Centennial  Commission  shall  be  in  possession  of  this 
information  as  early  as  possible,  each  State  Board  should  promptly  furnish  to  the  central 
office  lists  of  the  manufacturers  and  others  who  are  likely  to  exhibit  from  its  own  State. 
Blank  forms  of  application  will  then  be  forwarded  from  the  central  office  to  the  persons 
so  designated.     This  portion  of  the  w  ;rk  should  be  completed  before  the  end  of  the  year 

1874. 

5.  In  making  these  recommendations,  the  State  Boards  will  carefully  discriminate  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  avoid  undue  duplication  of  objects,  and  to  aim  at  securing  a  high 
standard  of  quality  in  the  exhibits  and  thorough  representations  of  the  resources  of  their 
districts,  rather  than  contributions  remarkable  only  for  size. 

*  The  classification  afterwards  consisted  of  seven  Departments. 


APPENDIX  B.  jjj 

To  insure  similar  characteristics  in  the  aggregate  representation  of  the  whole  country,  Official 
the  Centennial  Commission  reserves  to  itself  the  final  decision  upon  the  admission  of  all  Fonns» 
articles;  and  none  can  be  considered  as  definitely  accepted  until  approved  by  the  Director-  *  7  * 
General. 

6.  The  State  Boards  are  invited  to  keep  the  Director-General  thoroughly  informed,  by 
means  of  frequent  written  reports,  of  the  progress  of  the  organization  of  the  Exhibition  in 
their  districts,  and  to  apply  to  him  for  decisions  in  any  cases  of  uncertainty. 

From  time  to  time,  as  occasion  may  arise  and  the  progress  of  the  work  may  require  or 
suggest,  the  Boards  will  be  furnished  with  further  instructions.  The  blank  forms  and 
other  documents  needed  for  the  transaction  of  the  business  assigned  to  the  Boards  will  be 
furnished  from  the  office  of  the  Centennial  Commission. 

Rules  will  be  explained  or  amended  as  the  interests  of  the  Exhibition  may,  during  the 
progress  of  the  work,  demand.  Prompt  notice  of  such  changes  will  be  given  to  the  State 
Boards. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 


[No.  62.] 
GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR   EXHIBITORS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

[Superseded  by  No.  105,  which  see.] 


[No.  64.] 
:  STATE  ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  United  States  Centennial  Commission  has  invited  the  several  States  and  Territories 
fo  appoint  local  Advisory  Boards  or  Committees  to  assist  in  securing  a  complete  represen- 
tation of  the  industries  of  their  respective  Districts  in  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876. 

A  number  of  Boards  have  been  organized  in  accordance  with  this  invitation. 

In  States  and  Territories  where  such  Boards  do  not  exist,  in  order  to  secure  their 
organization  throughout  the  country  without  further  delay,  it  is  recommended  that  they 
consist  of  the  Centennial  Commissioner  and  Alternate,  and  not  less  than  three  other 
persons  appointed  by  the  Director-General,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  State  or  Territory. 

It  is  hoped  that  a  uniform  system  of  co-operative  Boards  or  Committees,  organized  in 
accordance  with  this  suggestion,  will  excite  local  interest  in  the  objects  of  the  Exhibition, 
and  thus  greatly  facilitate  the  work  of  the  Commission. 

Upon  the  organization  of  each  Board,  an  officer  should  be  designated  to  conduct  its 
correspondence  with  the  Commission. 

The  duty  of  the  Boards  will  be — 

1st.  To  disseminate  information  regarding  the  Exhibition. 

2d.  To  secure  the  co-operation  of  industrial,  scientific,  agricultural,  and  other  associa- 
tions in  their  Districts. 

3d.  To  appoint  co-operative  local  committees,  representing  the  different  industries  of 
their  Districts. 

4th.  To  stimulate  local  action  on  all  measures  intended  to  render  the  Exhibition  suc- 
cessful and  a  worthy  representation  of  the  industries  of  the  country. 

5th.  To  encourage  the  production  of  articles  suitable  for  exhibition. 

6th.  To  distribute  documents  issued  by  the  Commission  among  the  manufacturers  and 
others  in  their  Districts  interested  in  the  Exhibition. 


52  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  yth.   To  render  assistance  in  furthering  the  financial  and  other  interests  of  the  Exhibi- 

m"'    '  tion,  and  to  furnish  information  to  the  Commission  on  subjects  that  may  be 

referred  to  them. 

Applications  for  space  in  the  Exhibition  buildings  or  grounds  must  be  made  on  the 
printed  form,  in  accordance  with  the  Rules  and  Regulations.  Blank  forms  will  be  fur- 
nished to  the  Boards  for  distribution. 

The  Commission  will  aim  to  secure  a  high  standard  of  quality  in  the  articles  exhibited, 
and  a  complete  repVesentation  of  the  resources  and  industries  of  the  country.  To  this  end, 
there  should  be  presented  for  exhibition  the  best  products  of  each  District,  and  especially 
those  which  are  regarded  as  of  a  representative  character. 

The  Boards  are  requested  to  report  to  the  Director-General  the  progress  of  the  work  in 
their  Districts. 

By  order  of  the  Executive  Committee, 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 
JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 

PHILADELPHIA,  August,  1874. 


[No.  68.] 
CENTENNIAL  STATE  BOARDS. 

The  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  in  order  to  secure  local  co-operation  through- 
out the  country  in  the  objects  of  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876,  has  invited  and 
recommended  the  appointment  of  Centennial  State  Boards  in  the  several  States  and  Ter- 
ritories, and  it  is  hoped  that,  where  organized,  they  will  greatly  encourage  and  facilitate 
the  work  of  the  Commission. 

The  duty  of  the  Centennial  State  Boards  will  be — 

1st.  To  disseminate  information  regarding  the  Exhibition. 

2d.  To  secure  the  co-operation  of  industrial,  scientific,  agricultural,  and  other  associa- 
tions in  their  Districts. 

3d.  To  appoint  co-operative  local  committees,  representing  the  different  industries  of 
their  Districts. 

4th.  To  stimulate  Iccal  action  on  all  measures  intended  to  render  the  Exhibition  suc- 
cessful and  a  worthy  representation  of  the  industries  of  the  country. 

5th.  To  encourage  the  production  of  articles  suitable  for  exhibition. 

6th.  To  distribute  documents  issued  by  the  Commission  among  the  manufacturers  and 
others  in  their  Districts  interested  in  the  Exhibition. 

7th.  To  render  assistance  in  furthering  the  financial  and  other  interests  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion, and  to  furnish  information  to  the  Commission  on  subjects  that  may  be  referred  to 
them. 

Announcements  or  regulations  heretofore  issued  to  State  Boards  inconsistent  with  the 
duties  herein  specified  are  recalled. 

All  publications  made  or  authorized  by  State  Boards  should  be  strictly  in  harmony  with 
the  rules,  regulations,  and  general  plans  of  the  Commission,  and  copies  of  the  same  should 
be  filed  with  the  Director-General. 

The  officer  designated  by  each  Board  to  correspond  with  the  Commission  will  apply  to 
the  Director-General  for  further  infoimaticn  when  desired. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

].  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 

PHILADELPHIA,  September,  1874. 


APPENDIX  J3. 


53 


[No.  76.]  Official 

UNITED    STATES   TREASURY    REGULATIONS.  FQorms' 

1874. 

[Replaced  by  No.  148,  which  see.] 


[No.  83.] 
OPINION   OF   THE   ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE, 
WASHINGTON,  November  27,  1874. 

HON.  C.  DELANO,  Secretary  of  the  Inferior: 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  November  4,  1874, 
and  the  papers  transmitted  therewith,  to  wit,  copies  of  the  following  documents :  a  letter 
addressed  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  of  date  of  i6th  of  September,  1874,  by  Baron  Schwarz 
Senborn,  Minister  of  Austria-Hungary;  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
(dated  November  2,  1874)  by  Hon.  Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General  of  the  Interna- 
tional Exhibition,  1876;  and  a  communication  fr<  m  Hon.  John  L.  Shoemaker,  Counsellor 
and  Solicitor  for  the  Centennial  Commission,  addressed  to  the  Director-General  of  the  Ex- 
hibition. These  papers  all  relate  to  the  subject  of  your  letter,  and  to  the  question  upon 
which  you  request  of  me  an  expression  of  opinion ;  that  question  is, — Whether  the  goods 
of  foreign  exhibitors,  sent  to  the  International  Exhibition,  to  be  inaugurated  at  Philadel- 
phia, May  10,  1876,  "will  be  free  from  seizure  by  the  creditors  of  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission  and  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,"  so  that  they  (the  foreign  exhibi- 
tors) may  not  lose  their  property,  or  have  difficulty  in  "  removing  the  same/'  The  laws 
which  have  been  passed  concerning  the  "  International  Exhibition"  are :  the  Acts  of  Con- 
gress, approved  March  3,  1871  (16  Stats.,  470),  and  June  2,  1872  (17  Stats.,  202),  also  the 
Acts  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  passed  June  2,  1871  (Laws  of  Pennsyl- 
vania for  1871,  p.  1311),  and  March  27,  1873  (Laws  of  Pennsylvania  for  1873,  P-  56)- 
Upon  a  careful  reading  of  these  statutes  I  find  in  them  no  provision  giving  to  the  Centen- 
nial Commission  or  to  any  corporation  or  association  of  persons,  connected  with  the 
management  of  the  Exhibition,  any  property  interest  in  the  goods  of  the  exhibitors.  These 
persons  and  bodies  corporate  will  have  no  ownership  in  the  goods.  They  will  be,  at  most, 
depositories  or  bailees,  having  the  temporary  custody  of  the  goods  for  the  purpose  of  the 
exhibitors.  The  relations  of  all  parties  to  the  goods  upon  their  admission  to  the  Exhibi- 
tion will  be  governed  by  the  laws  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania. 

In  that  State,  as  everywhere,  it  is  true  generally  that  the  property  of  one  cannot  be 
taken  for  the  debt  or  liability  of  another.  There  must  be  in  the  debtor  ownership  or  an 
estate  in  the  thing  to  enable  the  creditor  to  execute  his  process  upon  it. 

The  law  of  Pennsylvania  is  very  careful  to  protect  the  rights  of  persons  to  their  property 
which  is  in  the  hands  of  others,  and  holds  only  that  which  the  debtor  owns  answerable  for 
his  debts.  The  reports  of  her  highest  tribunal  abound  with  cases  which,  under  a  great 
variety  of  circumstances,  show  the  prevalence  of  this  general  rule.  That  court  has  decided 
that  a  sheriff  is  liable  in  damages  as  a  trespasser,  at  the  suit  of  the  real  owner,  for  levying 
an  attachment  upon  goods  in  the  possession  of  another,  and  making  a  return  upon  the  writ 
tint  they  were  "attached,"  although  there  was  no  "manual  handling"  of  the  goods  by 
the  sheriff  nor  removal  of  tkem.  Other  cases,  showing  the  strictness  of  the  rule,  are : 
Spangler  vs.  Adams  of  Martin,  16  Serg.  and  R.,  68;  Com.  vs.  Watmough,  6  Whar.,  116; 
Bank  vs.  Jones,  42  Penn.,  536, — same  case,  44  Perm.,  253.  Under  the  law  of  Pennsylvania, 
as  shown  by  these  cases,  it  is  very  clear  that  the  goods  of  ihe  exhibitors  will  be  free  from  all 
liability  to  seizure,  upon  demands  against  the  Commission,  for  which  no  superior  lien  can 


54  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  he  claimed.     The  classes  of  obligations  for  the  satisfaction  of  which  liens  attach  to  real 

ms>  estate  and  sometimes  to  the  personal  property  found  on  it,  are  taxes,  rent,  and  the  claims  of 

mechanics,  material  men,  and  laborers  upon  buildings  or  structures  to  the  erection  of  which 
they  have  contributed  skill,  materials,  or  labor.  By  the  law  of  Pennsylvania  the  personal 
property  of  the  tenant  or  occupier  of  real  estate,  upon  which  taxes  are  assessed,  is  liable  to 
be  distrained  for  those  taxes,  but  the  goods  of  others  in  the  possession  of  the  tenant,  and 
found  upon  the  premises,  are  exempt.  2d  Brightly's  Purdon's  Digest  of  the  Laws  of 
Pennsylvania,  1370,  Sec.  90,  of  the  Tax  Laws.  See  Moore  vs.  Marsh  et  a/.,  60  Penn., 
46.  As  to  rent,  it  is  well  settled  by  repeated  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State 
that  the  goods  of  strangers,  in  the  possession  of  the  tenant,  are  privileged  from  seizure  fcr 
rent  due  upon  the  premises,  where  the  course  of  the  tenant's  business  must  of  necessity 
give  him  such  possessions.  For  the  benefit  of  trade,  and  for  the  public  convenience  and 
advantage,  the  goods  of  third  persons  put  in  the  way  of  business  upon  rented  premises  are 
protected  from  distress  for  rent.  It  would  not  be  less  prejudicial  to  the  public  than  unjust 
to  the  owner  were  his  property  liable  to  be  seized  for  the  duties  of  those  through  whose 
hands,  in  the  current  of  the  world's  business,  it  must  pass.  Brown  vs.  Sims,  17  Serg.  & 
R.,  138;  Riddle  vs.  Welden,  5  Watts,  9;  Cadwalader  vs.  Tindall,  20  Penn.;  Briggs  vs. 
Large,  30  Penn.,  287.  In  Brown  vs.  Sims,  it  was  said  by  Chief-Justice  Gibson  that  "  the 
right"  to  distrain  the  property  of  a  stranger  "rests  on  no  principle  of  reason  cr  justice," 
and  that  the  exceptions  would  in  the  end  eat  out  the  rule.  The  principle  upon  which  he  rests 
these  exceptions,  viz.,  the  public  convenience  and  advantage,  is  present  and  dominant  in  the 
case  under  discussion.  It  is  for  the  convenience  and  advantage,  and,  I  will  add,  for  the 
good  name  and  honor  of  the  whole  nation,  but  particularly  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  and 
the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  that  the  property  of  all  exhibitors,  especially  those 
from  abroad,  should  be  free  from  all  liability  for  the  debts  of  those  who  are  to  control  and 
manage  the  Exhibition,  whether  those  debts  be  for  taxes,  rent,  or  any  obligations  what- 
soever. The  claims  of  mechanics,  material  men,  and  laborers,  who  contribute  skill,  mate- 
rials, and  labor  in  the  erection  of  the  buildings,  can  be  made  liens  upon  them,  but  these 
liens  cannot  be  extended  so  as'to  attach  the  goods  placed  in  the  buildings.  Section  I,  2, 
18  of  the  Mechanic's  Lien  Act,  2d  Brightly's  Purd.  Dig.,  p.  1025,  as  regards  liability  for 
rent  and  taxes.  I  have  considered  the  question  as  if  the  ground  on  which  the  buildings 
are  to  be  erected  for  the  Centennial  Exhibition  and  the  buildings  also  were  subject  to  taxa- 
tion, and  the  Commission  having  the  control  of  the  Exhibition  a  tenant  owing  rent  to 
the  owner  of  the  premises;  this  is,  however,  far  from  the  fact.  The  ground  is  public  prop- 
erty, owned  by  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  not,  as  I  understand,  subject  to  taxation. 
It  is  freely  tendered  by  that  municipality  to  the  use  of  those  who,  by  law,  will  manage  and 
control  the  Exhibition,  and  they  are  not  considered  to  be  in  the  situation  of  tenants  owing 
rent  to  a  landlord. 

For  the  reasons  above  set  forth,  I  am  clear  in  the  opinion  that  the  goods  of  these  who 
shall  appear  as  exhibitors  at  the  "  International  Exhibition"  will,  under  the  laws  of  Penn- 
sylvania, be  entirely  free  from  liability  to  seizure  for  any  debts,  claims,  or  demands,  what- 
soever, against  the  Centennial  Commission,  or  any  other  corporate  body,  person,  or  associa- 
tion of  persons  having  to  do  with  said  Exhibition.  I  cannot  conceive  of  any  risk,  from 
this  source,  of  the  loss  of  their  goods  by  foreign  exhibitors,  nor  of  any  difficulty  they  will 
meet  with  in  removing  their  property. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  GEORGE  H.  WILLIAMS,  Attorney- General. 


APPENDIX  B. 


55 


[No.  91.]          Official 

OPINION   OF   THE   COUNSELLOR   OF  THE   COMMISSION.  Forms' 

1874-5. 

PHILADELPHIA,  October  10,  1874. 
HON.  ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Director-General : 

SIR, — In  answer  to  your  communication  inclosing  and  asking  a  legal  opinion  upon  the 
following  extract  of  a  letter  from  His  Excellency  the  Austrian  Minister,  viz. :  "  Whether, 
in  the  event  of  the  failure  of  the  Exhibition  pecuniarily,  an  event  which  it  is  hoped  and  • 

expected  will  not  occur,  the  foreign  goods  sent  to  the  Exhibition  will  be  held  free  from 
seizure  by  the  creditors  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  Commission  and  Committee,  so  that 
the  foreign  exhibitors  may  not  lose  their  property,  or  have  difficulty  in  removing  the 
same." 

I  would  state  that  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  June  I,  1872,  provides  that  "all  con- 
tracts made  in  any  State  for  the  purpose  of  the  Centennial  International  Exhibition  shall 
be  subject  to  the  laws  thereof."  The  officers  of  the  Commission  and  Board  of  Finance 
are  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania;  there  all  the  applications  for  space  and  privileges  to 
exhibit  are  and  must  be  made,  no  charge  or  claim  being  incurred  therefor.  The  goods  will 
be  delivered  to  the  Exhibition  in  that  State, — neither  the  Commission  or  Board  of  Finance 
have  any  ownership  in  them, — they  remain  the  property  of  the  owner,  and  are  deposited 
under  the  regulations  of  the  Commission,  to  which  the  owners  agree. 

The  law  of  Pennsylvania  is  well  settled  that  goods  thus  deposited  and  placed  on  exhi- 
bition are  free  from  seizure,  and  are  not  liable  for  the  debts  of  the  person  or  corporation 
thus  receiving  them. 

The  buildings  are  erected  upon  grounds  already  belonging  to  the  public.  They  are 
subject  to  no  rent  or  taxation,  and  are  therefore  exempt  from  that  class  of  superior  liens. 
The  buildings,  too,  will  be  a  United  States  Bonded  Warehouse,  in  which  all  foreign  goods 
for  exhibition  only  will  be  entered  and  allowed  to  be  returned  free  of  duty. 

1  cannot  imagine  the  possibility  of  such  a  claim  being  made,  and  am  clearly  of  the 
opinion  that  if  made  it  would  be  utterly  invalid. 

Yours  respectfully, 
(Signed)  JOHN    L.  SHOEMAKER, 

Counsellor  and  Solicitor  for  the  Centennial  Commission. 

We  concur  in  the  foregoing  opinion. 

(Signed)  HENRY   M.  PHILLIPS, 

BENJAMIN    HARRIS    BREWSTER. 

October  13,  1874. 


OPINION   OF   THE   ATTORNEY-GENERAL   OF  THE   STATE  OF 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
COMMONWEALTH  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  OFFICE  OF  ATTORNEY-GENERAL. 

HARRISBURG,  March  3,  1875. 

To  HON.  ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Inter- 
national Exhibition  : 

SIR, — In  reply  to  your  communication  in  which  you  state  in  substance  that  rumors  have 
been  circulated  that  in  the  event  of  financial  embarrassment  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition 
the  goods  sent  by  exhibitors  thereto  would  be  liable  to  seizure  by  its  creditors,  and  desiring 
my  opinion  in  relation  thereto.  Upon  what  grounds  this  rumor  is  l;ased  I  am  unable  to 
comprehend. 

The  buildings  are  erected  upon  public  grounds,  and  I  am  informed  are  exempt  from 
taxation  and  rent,  and  no  charge  is  made  for  space  occupied  by  exhibitors. 

There  is  no  law  of  this  State,  in  my  opinion,  that  would  subject  the  goods  of  exhibitor -i 


56  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

to  liability  for  the  indebtedness,  if  any  should  exist,  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition.  As  this 
rumor  will  command  little  if  any  consideration  at  home,  but  may  excite  attention  abroad, 
I  deem  it  proper  to  say  that  the  owner  of  such  goods  will  enjoy  the  same  protection  there- 
for as  by  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  this  State  is  afforded  and  given  to  her  own  citizens 
in  the  protection  of  like  property.  The  right  of  property,  its  possession,  enjoyment,  and 
protection  is  one  of  the  indefeasible  rights  expressly  guaranteed  by  the  Constitution  of  this 
State  to  all  men.  No  distinction  is  made;  whether  the  owner  be  a  citizen  or  foreigner, 
the  right  is  common  to  all,  and  secured  by  the  laws  of  the  State  to  all.  No  man's  property 
can  be  invaded  or  taken  except  by  due  process  of  law, — by  authority  of  law, — and  there 
is  no  law  of  Pennsylvania  whose  authority  could  be  invoked,  in  my  opinion,  to  authorize 
the  taking  of  the  goods  of  exhibitors  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  satisfy  the  creditors,  if 
any  there  should  be,  of  such  exhibitors. 

With  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  SAMUEL   E.  DIMMICK,  Attorney- General. 


[No.  92.] 
SYSTEM   OF   AWARDS. 

FIRST.  Awards  shall  be  based  upon  written  reports  attested  by  the  signatures  of  their 
authors. 

SECOND.  Two  hundred  Judges  shall  be  appointed  to  make  such  reports,  one-half  of 
whom  shall  be  foreigners  and  one-half  citizens  of  the  United  States.  They  will  be  selected 
for  their  known  qualifications  and  character,  and  will  be  experts  in  departments  to  which 
they  will  be  respectively  assigned.  The  foreign  members  of  this  body  will  be  appointed 
by  the  Commission  of  each  country,  and  in  conformity  with  the  distribution  and  allotment 
to  each,  which  will  be  hereafter  announced.  The  Judges  from  the  United  States  will  be 
appointed  by  the  Centennial  Commission. 

THIRD.  The  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  will  be  paid  to  each  commissioned  Judge 
for  personal  expenses. 

FOURTH.  Reports  and  awards  shall  be  based  upon  inherent  and  comparative  merit. 
The  elements  of  merit  shall  be  held  to  include  consideration  relating  to  originality,  inven- 
tion, discovery,  utility,  quality,  skill,  workmanship,  fitness  for  the  purposes  intended,  adapta 
tion  to  public  wants,  economy,  and  cost. 

FIFTH.  Each  report  will  be  delivered  to  the  Centennial  Commission  as  soon  as  com- 
pleted, for  final  award  and  publication. 

SIXTH.  Awards  will  be  finally  decreed  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission, 
in  compliance  with  the  Act  of  Congress,  and  will  consist  of  a  diploma  with  a  uniform 
Bronze  Medal  and  a  special  report  of  the  Judges  on  the  subject  of  the  award. 

SEVENTH.  Each  Exhibitor  will  have  the  right  to  reproduce  and  publish  the  report 
awarded  to  him,  but  the  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission  reserves  the  right  to  publish  and 
dispose  of  all  reports  in  the  manner  it  thinks  best  for  public  information,  and  also  to  em- 
body and  distribute  the  reports  as  records  of  the  Exhibition. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADELPHIA,  April  14,  1875. 


APPENDIX  B. 


57 


[No.  93.J          Official 

PROPOSALS   FOR   THE   PRIVILEGE  OF  TAKING   AND   SELLING 
PHOTOGRAPHS. 

Photographers  are  invited  to  send  to  the  President  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance, 
904  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  on  or  before  May  12,  1875,  proposals  for  the  privilege  of 
taking  and  selling  photographs  within  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876. 

1.  Proposals  will  be  received  for  the  privilege  of  taking  general  views  of  the  Exhi- 
bition grounds,  and  of  the  interior  and  exterior  of  the  Exhibition  Buildings,  with  the  right 
to  sell  the  photographs  at  such  places  as  may  be  designated  by  the  United  States  Centen- 
nial Commission. 

2.  The  privilege  will  include  the  right  to  take  portraits  within  the  limits  of  the  Exhi- 
bition grounds. 

3.  The  privilege  of  taking  photographs  of  objects  on   exhibition  will  be  permitted 
only  on  the  written  assent  of  the  exhibitor,  approved  by  the  Director-General  of  the  Cen- 
tennial Commission. 

4.  All  buildings  (the  plans  and  location  of  which  must  be  approved  by  the  Director- 
General),  furniture,  and  apparatus  necessary  for  taking  said  photographs  shall  be  supplied 
at  the  cost  of  the  contractors. 

5.  Proposals  will  state  the  terms  and  conditions  for — 

FIRST.  The  exclusive  privilege  for  taking  general  views  and  portraits. 

SECOND.  The  privilege  for  taking  general  views   and   portraits,  if  granted  to  not  more 

than  three  parties. 
THIRD.  For  general  views  only. 

a.  Exclusive  privilege. 

b.  If  granted  to  not  more  than  three  parties. 
FOURTH.  For  portraits  only. 

a.  Exclusive  privilege. 

b.  If  granted  to  not  more  than  three  parties. 

In  each  case  the  proposal  will  include  the  right  to  sell  the  photographs  taken. 

6.  The  party  or  parties  to  whom  the  privilege  is  granted  will  be  required  to  observe 
the  rules  and  regulations  established  from  time  to  time  for  the  government  of  the  Exhi- 
bition. 

7.  The  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  expressly  reserves  the  right  to  reject  any  or  all 
propositions  that  may  be  made  in  answer  to  this  circular. 

8.  Proposals  should  be  indorsed  "  Proposals  for  taking  and  selling  Photographs." 

JOHN  WELSH,  Prest.  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 
A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director-  General. 


[No.  96.] 
PROPOSALS  FOR  THE  SALE  OF  SODA  AND  OTHER  AERATED  WATERS. 

1.  Proposals  will  be  received  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  June,  1875,  f°r  the  privilege 
of  selling  Soda  and  other  Aerated  Waters  in  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876. 

2.  Proposals  will  state  the  terms  and  conditions — 
FIRST.  For  the  exclusive  privilege. 

a.  A  gross  sum. 

b.  A  percentage  on  gross  receipts. 

SECOND.  For  the  privilege  if  granted  to  not  more  than  three  parties. 

a.  A  gross  sum. 

b.  A  percentage  on  gross  receipts. 


58  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  THIRD.  The  name  of  the  waters  and  the  price  that  will  be  charged  per  glass. 

Forms'  3.  Sufficient  security  will  be  required  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  contracts. 

4.  All  fountains,  stands,  counters,  fittings,  and  apparatus  will  be  supplied  at  the  cost 
of  the  contractor. 

5.  The  dimensions  of  the  fountains  and  stands,  and  style  of  decorations  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  the  approval  of  the  Director-General  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

6.  The  Director-General  will  designate  the  locations  in  the  several  buildings  of  the 
Exhibition  for  the  fountains  and  stands. 

7.  The  party  or  parties  to  whom  the  privilege  is  granted  will  be  required  to  observe  the 
rules  and  regulations  established  from  time  to  time  fcr  the  government  of  the  Exhibition. 

8.  Proposals  must  be  addressed  to  the  President  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance, 
Philadelphia,  and  indorsed  "  Proposals  for  the  sale  of  Soda  and  other  Aerated  Waters." 

9.  The  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  expressly  reserves  the  right  to  reject  any  or  all 
propositions  made  in  answer  to  this  circular. 

JOHN    WELSH,  President  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 
A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 
PHILADELPHIA,  April  26,  1875. 


[No.  98.] 

PERMITS   TO   SELL   ARTICLES   MANUFACTURED    BY   EXHIBITING 
MACHINES   AND    PROCESSES. 

Permission  for  the  privilege  to  sell  articles  actually  manufactured  in  the  Exhibition  will 
be  granted  on  the  following  conditions : 

1st.  Special  application  must  be  made  to  the  Director-General  of  the  Centennial  Com- 
mission for  the  privilege  on  the  forms  provided  for  the  purpose. 

2d.  The  privilege  will  be  granted  only  on  approval  of  the  application  by  the  Director- 
General. 

3d.  Articles  offered  for  sale  under  the  permit  must  be  actually  manufactured  in  the 
Exhibition  by  the  machine  or  process  to  which  the  privilege  is  granted. 

4th.  The  party  to  whom  the  permit  is  granted  will  be  required  to  pay  to  the  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance  a  sum  equal  to  fifteen  per  cent,  of  the  gross  receipts  from  the  sales. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADELPHIA,  April  30,  1875. 


[No.  99-]         . 
PERMIT   TO   SELL  ARTICLES    MANUFACTURED   IN    THE    EXHIBITION. 

1.  Description  of  the  manufacturing  machine  or  process. 

2.  The  character  of  the  materials  and  supplies  to  be  used  in  manufacturing. 

3.  The  kind  and  amount  of  power  required. 

4.  Kind  and  amount  of  space  required. 

5.  Number  of  employees. 

The  conditions  on  which  this  permit  is  granted  are — 

First.  The  sale  only  of  articles  actually  manufactured  in  the  Exhibition  by  the  machine 
or  process  described. 

Second.  Sales  without  solicitation  and  direct  delivery  to  the  purchaser  at  the  place  of 
manufacture. 


APPENDIX  B.  59 

Third.  Payment  of  a  sum  equal  to  fifteen  per  cent,  of  the  gross  receipts  from  such  sales  O 
to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  in  the  manner  that  may  be  prescribed  i8°r.ms>' 
by  said  Board. 

Fourth.  Observance  of  the  rules  and  regulations  established  from  time  to  time  for  the 
government  of  the  Exhibition. 

Fifth.  The  right  of  the  Director-General  to  revoke  the  permit  in  case  the  manufacture 
or  sale  become  objectionable,  or  for  non-compliance  with  these  conditions. 
(To  be  signed  in  duplicate.) 


Approved. 

Director-  General. 
PHILADELPHIA,  April  30,  1875. 


[No.  104.] 
GENERAL   REGULATIONS   FOR   FOREIGN   EXHIBITORS. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  of  America  has  provided  for  the  holding  of  an 
Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine.  A  proclamation  by 
the  President,  issued  July  4,  1873,  announced  the  Exhibition  and  commended  it  to  all 
nations. 

Upon  the  nomination  of  the  Governors  of  the  States  and  Territories  of  the  United 
States  the  President  has  appointed  Commissioners  to  represent  each  State  and  Territory 
in  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission.  This  Commission  has  been  charged  with 
the  duty  of  perfecting  and  carrying  out  the  plan  for  holding  the  Exhibition. 

Its  officers  are : 

President,  Joseph  R.  Hawley,  Connecticut. 

Vice- Presidents. 


Orestes  Cleveland,  New  Jersey. 
John  D.  Creigh,  California. 
Robert  Lowry,  Iowa. 


ThoniLis  H.  Cold  well,  Tennessee. 
John  McNeil,  Missouri. 
Wm.  Gurney,  South  Carolina. 


Director- General,  Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  Ohio. 

Secretary,  John  L.  Campbell,  Indiana. 

Counsellor  and  Solicitor,  John  L.  Shoemaker,  Philadelphia. 

i  Myer  Asch,  Philadelphia. 

Assistant  Secretaries,  \  ~  /-.     j         TH.M  j  i  i.- 

'  I  Dorsey  Gardner,  Philadelphia. 

Executive  Committee. 


Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Pennsylvania. 
\lfred  T.  Goshorn,  Ohio. 
N.  M.  Beckwith,  New  York. 
Alexander  R.  Boteler,  West  Virginia. 
Richard  C.  McCormick,  Arizona. 
John  Lynch,  Louisiana. 


Charles  P.  Kimball,  Maine. 

Samuel  F.  Phillips,  North  Carolina,  oooo 

George  B.  Loring,  Massachusetts. 

Frederick  L.  Matthews,  Illinois. 

Wm.  Phipps  Blake,  Connecticut. 

Jas.  E.  Dexter,  District  of  Columbia. 


J.  T.  Bernard,  Florida. 
Secretary  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Myer  Asch,  Philadelphia. 

The  Exhibition  will  be  held  in  Fairmount  Park,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  will  Duration  of 
be  opened  on  the  loth  day  of  May,  1876,  and  closed  on  the  loth  of  November  following,    the  Exhibition 


6o 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 


RULE  II. 
Organization 
of  exhibits. 

Allotment  of 
space. 

RULE  III. 

Applications 
for  space. 

RULE  IV. 


RULE  V. 


Custom-house 
regulations. 


RULE  VI. 

Delivery  and 
removal  of 
goods. 

RULE  VII. 

Reception  of 
goods. 

RULE  VIII. 

Forfeiture  of 
space. 

RULE  IX. 

RULE  X. 

Official 

Catalogue. 


RULE  XI. 
RULE  XII. 

Charges  and 
exemptions. 


All  Governments  have  been  invited  to  appoint  Commissions,  for  the  purpose  of  organ- 
izing their  departments  of  the  Exhibition.  The  Director-General  should  be  notified  of  the 
appointment  of  such  Foreign  Commissions  before  January  I,  1875. 

Full  diagrams  of  the  buildings  and  grounds  will  be  furnished  to  the  Foreign  Commis- 
sions on  or  before  February  I,  1875,  indicating  the  localities  to  be  occupied  by  each  nation, 
subject,  however,  to  revision  and  readjustment. 

Applications  for  space  and  negotiations  relative  thereto  must  be  conducted  with  the 
Commission  of  the  country  where  the  article  is  produced. 

Foreign  Commissions  are  requested  to  notify  the  Director-General,  not  later  than  June 
I,  1875,  whether  they  desire  any  increase  or  diminution  of  the  space  offered  them,  and  the 
amount. 

Before  December  i,  1875,  tne  Foreign  Commissions  must  furnish  the  Director-General 
with  approximate  plans  showing  the  manner  of  allotting  the  space  assigned  to  them,  and 
also  with  lists  of  their  exhibitors,  and  other  information  necessary  for  the  preparation  of  the 
Official  Catalogue. 

Products  brought  into  the  United  States,  at  the  ports  of  New  York,  Boston,  Portland, 
Me.,  Burlington,  Vt.,  Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y.,  Detroit,  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  Chicago, 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Norfolk,  New  Orleans,  and  San  Francisco,  intended  for  display 
at  the  International  Exhibition,  will  be  allowed  to  go  forward  to  the  Exhibition  buildings, 
under  proper  supervision  of  customs  officers,  without  examination  at  such  ports  of  original 
entry,  and  at  the  close  of  the  Exhibition  will  be  allowed  to  go  forward  to  the  port  from 
which  they  are  to  be  exported.  No  duties  will  be  levied  upon  such  goods,  unless  entered 
for  consumption  in  the  United  States. 

The  transportation,  receiving,  unpacking,  and  arranging  of  the  products  for  exhibition 
will  be  at  the  expense  of  the  exhibitor. 

The  installation  of  heavy  articles  requiring  special  foundations  or  adjustment  should, 
by  special  arrangement,  begin  as  soon  as  the  progress  of  the  work  upon  the  buildings  will 
permit.  The  general  reception  of  articles  at  the  Exhibition  buildings  will  commence  on 
January  5,  1876,  and  no  articles  will  be  admitted  after  April  10,  1876. 

Space  assigned  to  Foreign  Commissions  and  not  occupied  on  the  1st  of  April,  1876, 
will  revert  to  the  Director-General  for  re-assignment. 

If  products  are  not  intended  for  competition,  it  must  be  so  stated  by  the  exhibitor ;  and 
they  will  be  excluded  from  the  examination  by  the  International  Juries. 

An  Official  Catalogue  will  be  published  in  four  distinct  versions, — viz.,  English,  French, 
German,  and  Spanish.  The  sale  of  Catalogues  is  reserved  to  the  Centennial  Commission. 

The  seven  departments  of  the  classification  which  will  determine  the  relative  location 
of  articles  in  the  Exhibition, — except  in  such  collective  exhibitions  as  may  receive  special 
sanction, — and  also  the  arrangement  of  names  in  the  Catalogue,  are  as  follows : 

I.  Mining. 

II.  Manufactures. 

III.  Education  and  Science. 

IV.  Art. 

V.  Machinery. 
VI.  Agriculture. 
VII.  Horticulture. 

Foreign  Commissions  may  publish  Catalogues  of  their  respective  sections. 
Exhibitors  will  not  be  charged  for  space. 

A  limited  quantity  of  steam-  and  water-power  will  be  supplied  gratuitously.  The 
quantity  of  each  will  be  settled  definitely  at  the  time  of  the  allotment  of  space.  Any 
power  required  by  the  exhibitor  in  excess  of  that  allowed  will  be  furnished  by  the  Cen- 
tennial Commission  at  a  fixed  price.  Demands  for  such  excess  of  power  must  also  be 
settled  at  the  time  of  the  allotment  of  space. 


APPENDIX  B.  6! 

Exhibitors  must  provide  at  their  own  cost,  all  show-cases,  shelving,  counters,  fittings,  etc.,  RULE  XIII. 
which  they  may  require ;  and  all  countershafts,  with  their  pulleys,  belting,  etc.,  for  the  trans- 
mission of  power  from  the  main  shafts  in  the  Machinery  Hall.     All  arrangements  of  articles 
and  decorations  must  be  in  conformity  with  the  general  plan  adopted  by  the  Director-General. 

Special  constructions  of  any  kind,  whether  in  the  buildings  or  grounds,  can  only  be 
made  upon  the  written  approval  of  the  Director-General. 

The  Centennial  Commission  will  take  precautions  for  the  safe  preservation  of  all  objects  Responsibility 
in  the  Exhibition ;  but  it  will  in  no  way  be  responsible  for  damage  or  loss  of  any  kind,  or  fc 
for  accidents  by  fire  or  otherwise,  however  originating. 

Favorable  facilities  will  be  arranged  by  which  exhibitors  or  Foreign  Commissions  may  RULE  XIV 
insure  their  own  goods. 

Foreign  Commissions  may  employ  watchmen  of  their  own  choice  to  guard  their  goods 
during  the  hours  the  Exhibition  is  open  to  the  public.  Appointments  of  such  watchmen 
will  be  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Director-General. 

Foreign  Commissions,  or  such  agents  as  they  may  designate,  shall  be  responsible  for  RULE  XV. 
the  receiving,  unpacking,  and  arrangement  of  objects,  as  well  as  for  their  removal  at  the  Exhibitors' 
close  of  the  Exhibition ;  but  no  person  shall  be  permitted  to  act  as  such  agent  until  he  can  asents- 
give  to  the  Director-General  written  evidence  of  his  having  been  approved  by  the  proper 
Commission. 

Each  package  must  be  addressed  "  To  the  Commission  for  \_Name  of  Country^  at  the  RULE  XVI. 
International  Exhibition  of  1876,  Philadelphia,  United  States  of  America,"  and  should 
have  at  least  two  labels  affixed  to  different  but  not  opposite  sides  of  each  case,  and  giving 
the  following  information : 

(i)  The  country  from  which  it  comes;  (2)  name  or  firm  of  the  exhibitor;  (3)  resi-  RULE  XVII. 
dence  of  the  exhibitor;   (4)  department  to  which  objects  belong;  (5)  total  number  of 
packages  sent  by  that  exhibitor;   (6)  serial  number  of  that  particular  package. 

Within  each  package  should  be  a  list  of  all  objects  it  contains.  RULE  XVIII. 

If  no  authorized  person  is  at  hand  to  receive  goods  on  their  arrival  at  the  Exhibition  RULE  XIX. 
building,  they  will  be  removed  without  delay,  and  stored  at  the  cost  and  risk  of  whomso- 
ever it  may  concern. 

Articles  that  are  in  any  way  dangerous  or  offensive,  also  patent  medicines,  nostrums,  RULE  XX. 
and  empirical  preparations  whose  ingredients  are  concealed,  will  not  be  admitted  to  the  Excluded 
Exhibition. 

The  removal  of  goods  will  not  be  permitted  prior  to  the  close  of  the  Exhibition.  RULE  XXI. 

Sketches,  drawings,  photographs,  or  other  reproductions  of  articles  exhibited  will  only  RULE  XXII. 
be  allowed  upon  the  joint  assent  of  the  exhibitor  and  the  Director-General ;  but  views  of  Reproduction 
portions  of  the  building  may  be  made  upon  the  Director-General's  sanction. 

Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  Exhibition  exhibitors  shall  remove  their  effects,  and  RULE  XXIII. 
complete  such  removal  before  December  31,  1876.    Goods  then  remaining  will  be  removed  Removal  of 
by  the  Director-General  and  sold  for  expenses  or  otherwise  disposed  of  under  the  direction  S°°ds- 
of  the  Centennial  Commission. 

Each  person  who  becomes  an  exhibitor  thereby  acknowledges  and  undertakes  to  keep  RULE  XXIV. 
the  rules  and  regulations  established  for  the  government  of  the  Exhibition.  Acknowledg- 

Special  regulations  will  be  issued  concerning  the  exhibition  of  fine  arts,  the  organiza-  m 
tion  of  international  juries,  awards  of  prizes,  and  sales  of  special  articles  within  the  build- 
ings, and  on  other  points  not  touched  upon  in  these  preliminary  instructions. 

Communications  concerning  the  Exhibition  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Director-  RULE  XXV. 
General,  International  Exhibition,  1876,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A." 

The  Centennial  Commission  reserves  the  right  to  explain  or  amend  these  regulations, 
whenever  it  may  be  deemed  necessary  for  the  interests  of  the  Exhibition. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 
JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADELPHIA,  May  22,  1875. 


62 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


National 

Centennial 

Celebration 

and 

International 
Exhibition. 

United  States 

Centennial 

Commission. 


[No.  105.] 

GENERAL   REGULATIONS   FOR   EXHIBITORS   IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

An  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  provided  for  the  national  celebration  of 
the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States,  by  the  holding 
of  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine.  A  Procla- 
mation by  the  President,  issued  July  4,  1873,  announced  the  Exhibition  and  National  Cele- 
bration, and  commended  them  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  of  all  nations. 

The  Act  of  Congress  provided  for  the  organization  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission,  "  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  prepare  and  superintend  the  execution  of  a  plan 
for  holding  the  Exhibition."  Upon  the  nomination  of  the  Governors  of  the  several  States 
and  Territories,  the  President  appointed  the  members  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  as 
follows  : 


States  and  Territories.         Commissioners,  and  Address. 
Alabama      .... 

Arizona 

Arkansas  .... 
California  .... 
Colorado  .... 
Connecticut  .  .  . 

Dakota 

Delaware  .... 
District  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho      

Illinois 

Indiana   

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky  .... 
Louisiana  .... 

Maine 

Maryland  .... 
Massachusetts 
Michigan  .... 
Minnesota  .... 
Mississippi  .... 
Missouri  .... 
Montana  .... 
Nebraska  .... 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire  . 
New  Jersey 
New  Mexico    .     .     . 
New  York   .... 
North  Carolina     .     . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania   . 
Rhode  Island  .     .     . 
South  Carolina 
Tennessee    .... 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont       .... 

Virginia 

Washington  Territory, 
West  Virginia  .     .     . 
Wisconsin    .     ...     . 
Wyoming     .... 


Richard  C.  McCormick,  Washington,  D. 
George  W.  Lawrence,  Hot  Springs 
J.  Dunbar  Creigh,  San  Francisco,  .     . 
J.  Marshall  Paul,  Fair  Play  .... 
Joseph  R.  Hawley,  Hartford      .     .     . 
J.  A.  Burbank,  Bonhomme  County 
Henry  F.  Askew,  Wilmington    .     .     . 
James  E.  Dexter,  Washington  . 
J.  S.  Adams,  Jacksonville      .... 

George  Hillyer.  Atlanta 

Thomas  Donaldson,  Boise  City  .  .  . 
F.  L.  Mathews,  Carlinville  .... 
J.  L.  Campbell,  Crawfordsville  . 
Robert  Lowry,  Davenport  .... 
John  A.  Martin,  Atchison  .... 
Robert  Mallory,  LuGrange  .... 
John  Lynch,  New  Orleans  .... 

Joshua  Nye,  Augusta 

James  T.  Earle,  Centreville    .... 

George  B.  Loring,  Salem 

James  Birney,  Bay  City 

J.  Fletcher  Williams,  St.  Paul    .     .     . 

O.  G.  French,  Jackson 

John  McNeil,  St.  Louis 

J.  P.  Woolman,  Helena 

Henry  S.  Moody,  Omaha       .... 

W.  W.  McCoy,  Eureka 

Ezekiel  A.  Straw,  Manchester 
Orestes  Cleveland,  Jersey  City 
Eldridge  W.  Little,  Santa  Fe  .  . 

N.  U.  Beckwith,  New  York  City  .  . 
Samuel  F.  Phillips,  Washington  City  . 
Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  Philadelphia  .  . 

J.  W.  Virtue,  Baker  City 

Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Johnstown 
George  H.  Corliss,  Providence   . 
William  Gurney,  Charleston  .... 
Thomas  H.Coldwell,  Shelby ville    .     . 

W.  H.  Parsons,  Ho  Hton 

John  H.  Wickizer,  Salt  Lake  City  .  . 
Middleton  Goldsmith,  Rutland  .  .  . 
F.  W.  M.  Holliday,  Richmond  .  .  . 

Elwood  Evans,  Olympia 

Alexander  R.  Boteler,  Shepherdstown 

David  Atwood,  Madison 

Joseph  M.  Carey,  Cheyenne  .... 


Alternates,  and  Address. 

James  L.  Cooper,  Huutsville. 
C.  John  Wasson,  Tucson. 
.     G.  C.  Dodge,  Little  Rock. 

Benjamin  P.  Kooser,  Santa  Cruz. 
.     N.  C.  Meeker,  Greeley. 
.     William  P.  Blake,  New  Haven. 
.     Solomon  L.  Spink,  Yankton. 
.     John  H.  Rodney,  New  Castle. 
.     Lawrence  A.  Gobright,  Washington. 
.     J.  T.  Bernard,  Tallahassee. 
.     Richard  Peters,  Jr.,  Atlanta. 
.     Christopher  W.  Moore,  .Boise  City. 
.     Lawrence  Weldon,  Bloomington. 
.     Franklin  C.  Johnson,  New  Albany. 
.     Coker  F.  Clarkson,  Eldora. 
.     George  A.  Crawford,  Fort  Scott. 

Smith  M.  Hobbs,  Mount  Washington. 

Edward  Penington,  Philadelphia. 
.     Charles  P.  Kimball,  Portland. 
.     S.  M.  Shoemaker,  Baltimore. 
.     William  B.  Spooner,  Boston. 

Claudius  B.  Grant,  Houghton. 
.     W.  W.  Folwell,  Minneapolis. 
.     E.  D.  Frost. 
.     Samuel  Hays,  St.  Louis. 
.     Patrick  A.  Largey,  Virginia  City. 
.     R.  W.  Furnas,  Brownsville. 
.     James  W.  Haines,  Genoa. 
.     Asa  P.  Cate,  Northheld. 
.     John  G.  Stevens,  Trenton. 
.     Stephen  B.  Elkins,  Washington,  D.  C. 
.     Charles  H.  Marshall,  New  York  City. 
.     J.  W.f  Albertson,  Hertford. 
.     Wilson  W.  Griffith,  Toledo. 
.     A.  J.  Dufur,  Portland. 

Asa  Packer,  Mauch  Chunk. 
.     R.  C.  Taft,  Providence. 
.     Archibald  Cameron,  Charleston. 
.     William  F.  Prosser,  Nashville. 
.     John  C.  Chew,  New  York. 
.     Wm.  Haydon,  Salt  Lake  City. 
.     Henry  Chase,  Lyndon. 

Edmund  R.  Bagwell.  Onancock. 

Alexander  S.  Abernethy,  Cowlitz  County, 

Andrew  J.  Sweeney,  Wheeling. 
.  Edward  D.  Holton,  Milwaukee. 
.  Robert  H.  Lamborn,  Philadelphia. 


APPENDIX  B.  63 

The  officers  of  the  Commission  for  the  year  1875-76  are  : 

President,  Joseph  R,  Hawley,  Connecticut. 

Vice-  Presidents. 
Orestes  Cleveland,  New  Jersey.  Thomas  H.  Coldwell,  Tennessee. 


John  D.  Creigh,  California. 
Robert  Lowry,  Iowa. 


John  McNeil,  Missouri. 
Wm.  Gurney,  South  Carolina. 


Director- General,  Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  Ohio. 
Secretary,  John  L.  Campbell,  Indiana. 
Counsellor  and  Solicitor,  John  L.  Shoemaker,  Philadelphia 
Myer  Asch,  Philadelphia,  . 


^    Dorsey  Gardner,  Philadelphia. 
Executive  Committee. 


Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Pennsylvania. 
Alfred  T.  Goshorn,  Ohio. 
N.  M.  Beckwith,  New  York. 
Alexander  R.  Boteler,  West  Virginia. 
Richard  C.  McCormick,  Arizona. 
John  Lynch,  Louisiana. 


Charles  P.  Kimball,  Maine. 
Samuel  F.  Phillips,  North  Carolina. 
George  B.  Loring,  Massachusetts. 
Frederick  L.  Matthews,  Illinois. 
William  Phipps  Blake,  Connecticut. 
James  E.  Dexter,  District  of  Columbia. 


J.  T.  Bernard,  Florida. 
Secretary  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Myer  Asch,  Philadelphia. 

By  a  further  Act  of  Congress,  approved  June  I,  1872,  there  was  created  the  Centennial  Ce.-tennifJ 
Board  of  Finance,  which  is  charged  with  the  financial  administration  of  the  preparation  Board  of 
for  the  Exhibition.     This  Board  was  duly  organized  on  April  23,  1873,  by  the  election  of 
a  Board  of  twenty-five  Directors.     The  officers  of  the  Board  of  Finance  for  1874-75  are: 

President,  John  Welsh,  Philadelphia. 

Vice-  Presidents. 

William  Sellers,  Philadelphia.  John  S.  Barbour,  Virginia. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Frederick  Fraley,  Philadelphia. 

The  Exhibition  will  be  held  at  Fairmount  Park,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  will  RI-LE  I. 

Duratioi 
Exhibit. 01 


be  opened  on  the  loth  clay  of  May,  1876,  and  closed  on  the  loth  day  of  November  fol-  Durat'onofl 


lowing. 

The  seven  departments  of  the  classification  which  will  determine  the  relative  location 
of  articles  in  the  Exhibition, — except  in  such  collective  exhibitions  as  may  receive  special 
sanction, — and  also  the  arrangement  of  names  in  the  Catalogue,  are  as  follows : 

I.  Mining. 
II.   Manufactures. 
III.  Education  and  Science. 
IV.  Art. 
V.  Machinery. 
VI.  Agriculture. 
VII.   Horticulture. 

Applications  for  space  nnd  negotiations  relative  thereto  should  be  addressed  to  the  A  '|jcatjon 
Director-General,  International  Exhibition,  Philadelphia,  Penna.  for  Space. 

Exhibitors  will  not  be  charged  for  space.  RULK  III. 

A  limited  quantity  of  steam-  and  water-power  will  be  supplied  gratuitously.  The  Charts  and 
quantity  of  each  will  be  settled  definitely  at  the  time  of  the  allotment  of  space.  Any  ExcmPllon*- 
power  required  by  the  Exhibitor  in  excess  of  that  allowed  will  be  furnished  by  the  Com- 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 


RULE  IV. 


RULE  V. 

Responsibility 
for  safety  of 
goods. 

RULE  VI. 


RULE  VII. 

.Exhibitor's 
agents. 
RULE  VIII. 
Delivery  and 
removal  of 
goods. 
RULE  IX. 
Recent:  on  of 
goods. 

RULE  X. 

Forfeiture  of 
space. 

RULE  XI. 
RULE  XII. 


RULE  XIII. 

Excluded 

articles. 

RULE  XIV. 

RULE  XV. 
Reproduction 
of  articles. 

RULE  XVI. 
Removal  of 
goods. 


RULE  XVII. 

Acknowledg- 
ment of  rules. 


RULE  XVIII. 
Official  Cata- 
logue. 

RULE  XIX. 


mission  at  a  fixed  price.  Demands  for  such  excess  of  power  must  also  be  settled  at  the 
time  of  the  allotment  of  space. 

Exhibitors  must  provide  at  their  own  cost  all  show-cases,  shelving,  counters,  fittings, 
etc.,  which  they  may  require ;  and  all  countershafts,  with  their  pulleys,  belting,  etc.,  for  the 
transmission  of  power  from  the  main  shafts  in  Machinery  Hall.  All  arrangements  of 
articles  and  decorations  must  be  in  conformity  with  the  general  plan  adopted  by  the 
Director-General. 

Special  constructions  of  any  kind,  whether  in  the  buildings  or  grounds,  can  only  be 
made  upon  the  written  approval  of  the  Director-General. 

The  Commission  will  take  precautions  for  the  safe  preservation  of  all  articles  in  the 
Exhibition ;  but  it  will  in  no  way  be  responsible  for  damage  or  loss  of  any  kind,  or  for 
accidents  by  fire  or  otherwise,  however  originating. 

Favorable  facilities  will  be  arranged  by  which  exhibitors  may  insure  their  own  goods. 

Exhibitors  may  employ  watchmen  of  their  own  choice  to  guard  their  goods  during  the 
hours  the  Exhibition  is  open  to  the  public.  Appointments  of  such  watchmen  will  be  sub- 
ject to  the  approval  of  the  Director-General. 

Exhibitors,  or  such  agents  as  they  may  designate,  shall  be  responsible  for  the  receiving, 
unpacking,  and  arrangement  of  objects,  as  well  as  for  their  removal  at  the  close  of  the 
Exhibition. 

The  transportation,  receiving,  unpacking,  and  arranging  of  the  products  for  the  Exhibi- 
tion will  be  at  the  expense  of  the  exhibitor. 

The  installation  of  heavy  articles  requiring  foundations  should,  by  special  arrangement, 
begin  as  soon  as  the  progress  of  the  work  upon  the  buildings  will  permit.  The  general 
reception  of  articles  at  the  Exhibition  buildings  will  commence  on  January  5,  1876,  and 
no  articles  will  be  admitted  after  April  10,  1876. 

Space  not  occupied  on  the  1st  of  April,  1876,  will  revert  to  the  Director-General  for 
re-assignment. 

If  products  are  not  intended  for  competition,  it  must  be  so  stated  by  the  exhibitor;  and 
they  will  be  excluded  from  the  examination  by  the  International  Juries. 

If  no  authorized  person  is  at  hand  to  receive  goods  on  their  arrival  at  the  Exhibition 
building,  they  will  be  removed  without  delay,  and  stored  at  the  cost  and  risk  of  whomso- 
ever it  may  concern. 

Articles  that  are  in  any  way  dangerous  or  offensive,  also  patent  medicines,  nostrums, 
and  empirical  preparations  whose  ingredients  are  concealed,  will  not  be  admitted  to  the 
Exhibition. 

The  removal  of  goods  will  not  be  permitted  prior  to  the  close  of  the  Exhibition. 

Sketches,  drawings,  photographs,  or  other  reproductions  of  articles  exhibited,  will  only 
be  allowed  upon  the  joint  assent  of  the  exhibitor  and  the  Director-General ;  but  views  of 
portions  of  the  building  may  be  made  upon  the  Director-General's  sanction. 

Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  Exhibition,  exhibitors  shall  remove  their  effects,  and 
complete  such  removal  before  December  31,  1876.  Goods  then  remaining  will  be  removed 
by  the  Director-General  and  sold  for  expenses,  or  otherwise  disposed  of  under  the  direction 
of  the  Commission. 

Each  person  who  becomes  an  exhibitor  thereby  acknowledges  and  undertakes  to  keep 
the  rules  and  regulations  established  for  the  government  of  the  Exhibition. 

Special  regulations  will  be  issued  concerning  the  exhibition  of  fine  arts,  the  organization 
of  international  juries,  awards  of  prizes,  the  sale  of  special  articles  within  the  buildings, 
and  on  other  points  not  touched  upon  in  these  preliminary  instructions. 

An  Official  Catalogue  will  be  published  in  four  distinct  versions, — viz.,  English,  French, 
German,  and  Spanish.  The  sale  of  Catalogues  is  reserved  to  the  Centennial  Commission. 

Communications  concerning  the  Exhibition  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Director-Gen- 
eral, International  Exhibition,  1876,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A." 


APPENDIX  B.  65 

The  Centennial  Commission  reserves  the  right  to  explain  or  amend  these  regulations,  Official 
whenever  it  may  be  deemed  necessary  for  the  interests  of  the  Exhibition.  orms, 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 
JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADB;.PHIA,  May  22,  1875, 


[No.  106.] 

CORRESPONDENCE   RELATIVE  TO  TRANSPORTING  AMERICAN  WORKS 
OF  ART  TO  THE   INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION. 

UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 

PHILADELPHIA,  May  8,  1875. 
HON.  COLUMBUS  DELANO,  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Washington,  D.  C.  : 

SIR, — A  number  of  American  artists  in  Europe,  and  especially  those  at  present  in 
Italy,  desiring  to  become  exhibitors  in  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876,  have  written 
to  ascertain  whether  the  Government  of  the  United  States  will  direct  a  naval  vessel  to  call 
at  certain  ports  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  and  transporting  their  contributions  free  to 
this  country.  Being  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  intending  to  exhibit  in  the  section 
assigned  to  the  United  States,  they  will  not  receive  assistance  or  facilities  to  transport  their 
works  of  art  from  the  Government  of  the  country  where  they  may  be  temporarily  residing. 
It  would  therefore  seem  proper,  if  consistent  with  the  public  service,  that  a  vessel 
might  be  directed  at  least  to  call  at  certain  ports  in  Italy,  at  a  designated  time,  to  receive 
the  works  of  American  artists  intended  for  the  Exhibition.  I  have  the  honor  to  submit 
this  proposition  for  the  consideration  of  the  President  and  the  Honorable  the  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  and  shall  be  pleased  to  receive  an  early  reply. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  June  4,  1875. 

SIR, — Referring  to  your  letter  of  the  8th  ultimo,  I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  a  copy  of 
one  addressed  to  me,  on  the  3.!  instant,  by  the  Hen.  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  stating  that  a 
naval  vessel  will  be  directed  to  call  at  certain  ports  in  Europe  for  the  purpose  of  receiving 
and  transporting  the  contributions  of  such  American  artists  as  may  desire  to  become 
exhibitors  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

C.  DELANO,  Secretary. 
HON.  A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 
WASHINGTON,  June  3,  1875. 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  loth  ult.,  and 
the  inclosure  from  the  Director-General  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and 
to  inform  you  that  this  Department  will  direct  a  naval  vessel  to  call  at  certain  ports  in 
Europe  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  and  transporting  the  contributions  of  such  American 
artists  as  may  desire  to  become  exhibitors  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876. 

Very  respectfully, 

G.  M.   ROBESON,  Secretary  of  the  Naiy. 
HON.  COLUMBUS    DELANO,  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

5 


66  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

pfmt  CIRCULAR   TO   EDITORS. 

1875.  [No.  115.] 

To  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE. 

SIR, — The  Centennial  Commission  has  undertaken  the  preservation  among  its  archives 
of  publications  bearing  upon  any  celebrations  of  the  Centennial  period.  If  you  will  cause 
to  be  sent  to  this  office  copies  of  such  articles  appearing  in  your  journal,  or  current  issues 
of  the  latter,  it  will  add  to  the  completeness  of  the  record,  and  the  favor  will  be  duly 
esteemed  and  acknowledged. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

JOHN   L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 


[No.  119.] 
PROPOSALS    FOR   THE    PUBLICATION   OF  THE   OFFICIAL   CATALOGUE 

1.  Proposals  will  be  received  on  or  before  twelve  o'clock,  noon,  the  I5th  day  of  Sep- 
tember, 1875,  for  the  right  to  publish  and  sell  the  Official  Catalogue  of  the  International 
Exhibition  of  1876,  in  the  English  language.     Said    Catalogue  will  be  printed  in  four 
parts,  as  specified  in  the  annexed  circular  of  information. 

2.  Proposals  must  state  the  terms  and  conditions : 

First.  A  gross  sum  for  the  publication  and  sale  of  the  entire  Catalogue; 
Second.  A  royalty, per  copy  of  each  part,  on  all  sales  of  the  Catalogue;  or 
Third.  A  gross  sum  for  the  publication  and  sale  of  the  first  edition  of  25,000  copies 
of  each  part,  and  a  royalty,  per  copy,  on  all  sales  over  and  above  this  number. 

3.  It  must  be  understood  that  not  more  than  25,000  copies  of  either  part  of  the  Cata- 
logue shall  be  printed  before  the  Catalogue  is  subjected  to  a  thorough  revision  by  the  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  and  also  that  it  shall  be  subject  to  further  revisions  from  time  to  time, 
as  may  be  deemed  necessary. 

4.  The  publisher  may  insert  in  each  of  the  four  parts  of  the  Catalogue  48  pages,  and 
no  more,  of  advertisements, — 24  pages  at  the  beginning  and  24  at  the  close  of  each  part ; 
and  also  two  pages  of  advertisements  on  each  of  the  four  covers,  the  first  and  second  pages 
of  each  cover  being  reserved  for  the  use  of  the  Centennial  Commission.     The  advertise 
ments  will  be  subject  to  the  written  approval  of  the  Director-General. 

5.  Each  of  the  four  parts  shall  be  sold  singly  to  the  public  at  the  price  of  25  cents  pei 
part. 

6.  All  copies  of  the  Catalogue  must  be  printed  upon  paper  equal  in  quality  and  weight 
to  that  upon  which  this  circular  is  printed,  and  will  conform  with  the  annexed  specimen 
pages  in  size  and  typographical  arrangement. 

7.  Each  bidder  is  invited  to  submit,  with  his  proposals,  specimen  pages  bound  in  a 
volume  of  300  pages,  showing  quality  of  paper,  binding,  and  typography. 

8.  Inasmuch  as  the  furnishing  of  the  manuscript  for  the  Catalogue  is  liable  to  unavoid- 
able delays,  and  the  first  edition  to  material  revisions,  bidders  must  state  their  facilities  for 
rapid  execution  of  work  in  case  of  urgency.     Not  less  than  25,000  copies  of  each  part 
must  be  ready  for  delivery  at  the  opening  of  the  Exhibition,  May  10,  1876. 

9.  The  Contractor  will  be  required  to  enter  into  such  contract  or  contracts,  with  se- 
curity or  securities  for  the  faithful  performance  thereof,  as  may  meet  with  the  approval  of 
the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  and  the  Director-General  of  the  International  Exhibition, 

10.  Proposals  must  be  addressed  to  the  President  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 
904  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  and  indorsed  "  Proposals   for  the   Publication   of  the 
Official  Catalogue." 


APPENDIX  £. 


67 


II.  The  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  expressly  reserves  the  right  to  reject  any  or  all  Official 
propositions  made  in  answer  to  this  circular.  Forms, 

JOHN   WELSH,  President  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 
A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General  U,  S.  Centennial  Commission. 
PHILADELPHIA,  September  r,  1875. 


INFORMATION   CONCERNING   THE  OFFICIAL   CATALOGUE. 

For  the  guidance  of  publishers  desiring  to  estimate  the  cost  and  profits  of  the  Official 
Catalogue,  the  following  data  have  been  compiled  : 

1.  The  number  of  admissions  at  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  1867  was  9,238,967,  at  the 
Vienna  Exhibition  of  1873  it  was  6,740,511.     Those  who  have  examined  the  facilities  of 
access  to  Philadelphia  and  the  numbers  of  surrounding  population,  estimate  the  probable 
admissions  at  the  Exhibition  at  10,000,000. 

2.  At  the  Paris  Exhibition  there  were  42,217  exhibitors  and  52,798  entries  in  the  Cata- 
logue; at  Vienna  43,611  exhibitors  and  46,707  entries.     The  Paris  Catalogue  filled  1537 
pages,  the  Vienna  1028.     Assuming  that  there  will  be  40,000  exhibitors  and  50,000  entries 
at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  and  allowing  35  entries  to  a  page,  the  Catalogue  will  consist 
of  some  1 200  pages. 

3.  The  Catalogue  will  be  divided  into  four  parts  or  volumes,  containing  enumerations 
of  the  objects  in  (i)  the  Main  Building,  (2)  the  Machinery  Building,  (3)  the  Art  Gallery, 
and  (4)  the  Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Buildings,  besides  objects  which,  for  special 
reasons,  are  not  installed  in  the  buildings,  but  will  be  enumerated  in  the  appropriate 
volume.     The  parts  will  thus  be  of  an  average  size  of  300  pages,— not  too  large  for  a 
pocket  edition. 

4.  The  delivery  of  the  manuscript  for  the  American  department  of  the  Catalogue  will 
l>e  commenced  on  or  before  December  I,  1875,  and  continued  as  rapidly  as  possible.    That 
for  foreign  departments  is  required  of  their  Commissioners,  by  the  general  regulations, 
before  December  I,  1875.     ^  h35  been  the  case,  however,  at  previous  exhibitions  that 
unforeseen  delays  have  occurred  in  receiving  the  foreign  lists. 

5.  The  size  and  typographical  arrangement  determined  upon  for  the  Catalogue  are 
indicated  by  the  annexed  specimen  pages.* 


[No.  132.] 
CIRCULAR. 

Applications  for  space  in  the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the  International  Exhibition  of 
1876  must  be  made  prior  to  October  30,  1875. 

This  notice  does  not  include  applications  for  space  for  the  exhibition  of  Live-Stock  and 
Fruits. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 
J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 

PHILADELPHIA,  October  i,  1875. 


[No.  137.] 
THE   SELECTION   AND   APPOINTMENT  OF  JUDGES. 

REPORT  OF   HON.    N.    M.    BECKWITH,  COMMISSIONER   FROM   NEW  YORK. 

At  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission,  held  at  Philadelphia,  October  13,  1875,  Mr.  Beckwith,  Commissioner  from 
New  York  (United  States  Commissioner-General  nt  the  International  Exhibition  at  Paris, 

*  Appended  were  specimens  pf  the  pages  of  the  Official  Catalogue. 


68  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  1867),  presented  the  following  report  upon  the  selection  and  appointment  of  Judges.     It 

in*'  was  carefully  considered  and  unanimously  approved. 

REPORT. 
HONORABLE  D.  J.  MORRELL,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  : 

SIR, — In  compliance  with  the  request  of  the  Executive  Committee,  I  beg  leave  to  pre- 
sent for  consideration  the  following  suggestions  relating  to  the  selection  and  appointment 
of  Judges,  in  conformity  with  the  method  of  awards  decreed  by  the  Centennial  Commission. 

This  method,  in  many  respects,  differs  radically  from  the  systems  hitherto  tried  in 
International  Exhibitions,  and  although  the  subject  is  familiar  to  you,  I  shall  be  pardoned, 
I  hope,  for  briefly  indicating  the  broad  differences. 

Awards  have  heretofore  been  generally  made  by  an  International  Jury  of  about  600 
members. 

The  apportionment  of  jurors  to  countries  has  been  tried  on  various  bases,  but  was  usually 
made  on  the  basis  of  the  relative  space  occupied  by  the  products  of  each  country  respectively 
in  the  Exhibition. 

The  Great  Jury  was  divided  into  numerous  small  juries,  who  examined  the  products 
and  prepared  lists  of  the  names  of  persons  whom  they  proposed  for  awards,  and  the 
proposals  thus  made  were  confirmed  or  rejected  by  higher  juries. 

The  awards  consisted  chiefly  of  medals  of  different  values,  gold,  silver,  etc. 

This  system  brought  together  a  numerous  and  incongruous  assembly,  including  unavoid- 
ably many  individuals  unqualified  for  the  work. 

The  basis  of  representation  was  apparently  fair,  but  its  results  were  delusive. 

A  few  countries  nearest  the  Exhibition,  whose  products  could  be  collected  and  exposed 
at  the  smallest  proportional  expense,  occupied  large  spaces ;  the  numerous  remote  countries 
filled  smaller  spaces. 

The  number  of  jurors  allotted  to  the  smaller  spaces,  when  distributed,  left  them  without 
jurors  on  most  classes,  and  in  the  remainder  with  only  a  minority  which,  in  voting  on 
awards,  had  no  weight,  and  the  awards  were  thus  in  effect  decreed  by  the  few  contiguous 
countries  whose  products  filled  the  largest  spaces.  Written  reports  on  the  products  were 
not  usually  made  by  juries,  and  if  made,  were  not  generally  published,  consequently  no 
person  outside  of  the  jury  was  informed  on  what  ground  awards  were  made. 

The  medals,  when  distributed,  were  as  silent  as  the  verdicts;  moral  responsibility  for 
the  decisions  attached  to  no  one,  and  the  awards  thus  made  conveyed  as  little  useful 
information,  and  carried  as  little  weight,  as  anonymous  work  usually  carries. 

Medals,  at  best,  are  enigmas.  They  express  nothing  exactly  and  definitely  relative  to 
the  products  exhibited;  their  allegorical  designs  doubtless  have  a  meaning  in  the  mind  of 
the  artist  who  makes  them,  but  allegorical  designs  are  primitive  and  feeble  language,  and 
the  medal  of  to-day  is  no  more  than  its  predecessor,  a  school-boy  token, — verdicts  upon 
products  determined  by  majority  votes  of  juries  in  which  the  producing  countries  are  often 
represented  by  useless  minorities, — awards  based  upon  anonymous  reports,  or  reports  never 
published,  and  final  decisions  announced  and  recorded  in  the  vague  and  mystic  language 
of  medals,  have  not  proved  satisfactory  to  producers  nor  to  the  public.  As  regards  the 
diffusion  of  reliable  and  useful  information,  International  Exhibitions  have  not  come  fully 
up  to  expectations  and  to  the  promise  implied  in  the  great  labor  and  great  expenses  which 
they  involved,  and  the  wide-spread  dissatisfaction  which  has  uniformly  followed  the  close 
of  jury-work,  affords  in  itself  strong  evidence  that  the  system  is  not  well  adapted  to  the 
purposes  of  International  Exhibitions. 

The  method  of  awards  adopted  by  the  Centennial  Commission  differs  from  preceding 
systems.  It  dispenses  with  the  International  Jury  and  substitutes  a  body  of  200  Judges, 
one-half  foreign,  chosen  individually  for  their  high  qualifications. 

It  dispenses,  also,  with  the  system  of  awards  by  graduated  medals,  and  requires  of  the 


APPENDIX  B. 


69 


Judges  written  reports  on  the  inherent  and  comparative  merits  of  each  product  thought  Official 
worthy  of  an  award,  setting  forth  the  properties  and  qualities,  presenting  the  considerations  *orms» 
forming  the   ground  of  the  award,  and  avouching  each  report  by  the  signature  of  their 
authors. 

The  professional  judgment  and  moral  responsibility  of  the  Judges  being  thus  involved, 
assures  the  integrity  of  their  reports.  As  awards  to  exhibitors,  such  reports  will  be  more 
valuable  than  medals,  in  proportion  to  the  greater  amount  of  reliable  information  which 
they  convey  to  the  public.  Their  collected  republication,  as  hand-books,  will  form  valu- 
able guides  for  all  classes  to  the  most  advanced  products  of  every  country,  and,  last  and 
least,  the  sales  of  them  can  hardly  fail  to  return  to  the  Commission  a  good  portion  of  their 
cost. 

The  success  of  this  method  obviously  depends  on  the  judicious  selection  of  the  Judges, 
and  to  this  point  I  desire  to  call  particular  attention. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  remarked  that  the  best  judges  of  products  are  not  usually 
found  among  their  producers,  but  among  their  consumers. 

To  select  a  wine,  for  example,  of  particular  character,  one  would  not  apply  to  wine- 
growers, but  to  dealers  and  consumers.  On  the  merits  of  an  engine  you  would  prefer  the 
opinion  of  the  engineer  who  uses  it  to  that  of  the  engineer  who  invented  or  made  it.  The 
sugars  and  coffees  of  Brazil,  Cuba,  Java,  etc.,  are  best  judged  in  the  great  markets  of  con- 
sumption. In  brief,  the  food  products  of  the  world  find  their  most  accurate  appreciation, 
as  regards  their  inherent  qualities  and  comparative  merits,  in  the  great  consuming  markets, 
where  similar  products  from  all  regions  are  gathered,  and  the  practical  judgment  of  the 
using  and  consuming  public  is  pronounced,  from  which  there  is  no  appeal. 

The  principle  in  this  applies  not  only  to  raw  products,  but  in  a  general  sense  to 
manufactures  and  to  industrial  products  of  all  kinds  in  general  use. 

In  this  view  of  the  subject,  the  method  of  awards  adopted  by  the  Centennial  Commis- 
sion presents  the  great  advantage  that  it  is  judicial  rather  than  representative,  and  the 
Commission  is  perfectly  free  to  select  Judges  from  the  best  sources,  regardless  of  localities. 

The  men  to  seek  for  are  those  who,  by  their  ability,  education,  character,  and  experi- 
ence are  fittest  for  the  work,  and  they  will  be  less  difficult  to  find  than  to  obtain,  being 
generally  employed,  and  frequently  connected  with  large  industries,  important  works,  and 
the  higher  institutions  to  which  their  superior  qualifications  have  led  them. 

Freedom  to  choose  our  Judges  from  the  best  sources  cannot  fail  to  produce  good  results 
if  the  selection  be  made  upon  proper  investigation,  with  suitable  care  and  without  favor. 

The  announcement  of  this  method  of  awards  has  been  received  in  foreign  countries,  as 
far  as  heard  from,  with  expressions  of  distinct  approbation,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
they  will  select  and  bring  to  us  their  hundred  Judges,  who  will  be  distinguished  by  their 
reliable  and  solid  qualifications,  and  it  is  incumbent  on  us  to  select  a  body  of  men  of  char- 
acter, able  and  expert  in  their  respective  callings,  and  equal  in  attainments  and  experience  to 
our  foreign  co-operatives,  with  whom  our  own  will  be  intimately  associated. 

I  need  hardly  add  that  the  useful  results  and  success  of  our  Exhibition  and  the  public 
satisfaction  which  it  should  produce,  as  well  as  the  reputation  of  this  Commission,  as 
practical  and  sensible  men,  depend  largely  on  the  selection  of  our  Judges,  and  finally  upon 
their  organization  and  work. 

************** 

Respectfully  submitted, 

N.   M.  BECKWITH. 
NEW  YORK,  October  9,  1875. 


JO  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  [No.  140.] 

Forms.  SELECTION  OF  JUDGES. 

i«75. 

PHILADELPHIA,  October  28,  1875. 
To 


DEAR  SIR, — The  undersigned  are  a  special  committee  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
charged  with  certain  duties  concerning  the  System  of  Awards,  and  the  selection  and 
appointment  of  Judges  under  that  system.  We  send  you  herewith, — 

1.  The  pamphlet  edition  of  the  System  of  Classification.     [No.  112.] 

2.  Circular  No.  92,  upon  the  System  of  Awards. 

3.  Circular  No.  137,  Commissioner  Beckwith's  explanatory  report  upon  the  System  of 
Awards,  and  the  selection  and  appointment  of  Judges. 

Your  special  attention  is  invited  to  the  last-named  circular.  It  is  the  earnest  desire  of 
the  Centennial  Commission  to  select  a  body  of  Judges  who  shall  command  respect  by  reason 
of  their  undoubted  character  and  qualifications,  and  whose  combined  reports  shall  form  a 
memorable  record  of  the  present  status  of  art  and  science,  and  of  the  productive  industries 
of  all  countries.  Your  zealous  co-operation  is  solicited,  and  you  are  respectfully  requested 
to  send  us  a  list  of  persons  qualified  by  character,  studies,  ability,  and  experience  for  posi- 
tions as  Judges, — gentlemen  of  recognized  authority  in  their  several  departments. 

Unless  your  nominees  are  persons  of  such  general  reputation  as  to  render  it  needless, 
please  give  the  full  name,  rank  or  title,  age,  profession  or  calling,  special  studies,  and  quali- 
fications of  each,  and  indicate  any  important  work  he  may  have  performed. 

Numerous  lists  of  nominations  will  no  doubt  be  received,  but  only  one  hundred  Judges 
can  be  selected  from  them,  and  it  is  desired  that  you  shall  not  communicate  your  nomina- 
tions to  the  persons  you  name,  who  may  or  may  not  be  finally  chosen. 

All  the  names  will  be  submitted  to  the  Executive  Committee  for  its  final  action. 
This  communication  will  be  addressed  to  all  United  States  Commissioners  and  Alter- 
nates, and  to  a  limited  number  of  eminent  gentlemen  not  officially  connected  with  the 
Commission,  whose  kind  advice  we  may  venture  to  ask.    It  is  not  intended  for  publication, 
and  your  replies  will  be  treated  confidentially. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servants, 

JOS.  R.  HAWLEY,  President  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission, 
ALFRED  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General,  <Srv., 
DANIEL  J.  MORRELL,  Chairman  Executive  Committee, 
N.  M.  BECKWITH,  Commissioner  from  New  York, 
ALEX.  R.  BOTELER,  Commissioner  from  West  Virginia, 

•    Committee,  <5rV. 


[No.  148.  J 
Circular  No.  76  is  hereby  canceled. 

UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 
SPECIAL   REGULATIONS 

GOVERNING  THE  FREE  IMPORTATION  OF  GOODS  FOR  THE  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION 
OF  EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  SEVENTY-SIX,  AT  PHILADELPHIA. 

18751  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C., 

DEPARTMENT  No.  141.  AT 

SECRETAHV'S  OFFICE.  November  I,  l875- 

An  Act  of  Congress  approved  June  18,  1874,  entitled  "An  Act  to  admit  free  of  duty 
articles  intended  for  the  International  Exhibition  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six," 
provides  as  follows  : 


APPENDIX  B.  ji 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  Official 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  all  articles  which  shall  be  imported  for  the  sole  purpose  of  exhi-  ms' 
bition  at  the  International  Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year 
1876,  shall  be  admitted  without  the  payment  of  duty  or  of  customs  fees,  or  charges,  under 
such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  prescribe :  Provided,  That  all  such 
articles  as  shall  be  sold  in  the  United  States,  or  withdrawn  for  consumption  therein  at  any 
time  after  such  importation  shall  be  subject  to  the  duties,  if  any,  imposed  on  like  articles 
by  the  revenue  laws  in  force  at  the  date  of  importation :  And  provided  further,  That  in 
cuse  any  articles  imported  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be  withdrawn  for  consump- 
tion, or  shall  be  sold  without  payment  of  duty,  as  required  by  law,  all  the  penalties  prescribed 
by  the  revenue  laws  shall  be  applied  and  enforced  against  such  articles,  and  against  the 
person  who  may  be  guilty  of  such  withdrawal  or  sale." 

In  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act  the  following  regulations  are  prescribed : 

1.  No  duty,  fees,  or  charges  for  customs  service  will  be  exacted  on  any  such  importations, 
except  in  case  of  entry,  as  provided  by  Article  14  of  these  regulations. 

2.  The  ports  of  Portland,  Me.,  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  New  Orleans, 
and  San  Francisco,  on  the  seaboard,  and  St.  Alban's,  Rouse's  Point,  Suspension  Bridge, 
Buffalo,  Detroit,  Port  Huron,  and  Chicago,  as  ports  on  the  Northern  frontier,  will  consti- 
tute the  only  ports  of  entry  at  which  such  importations  may  be  made. 

3.  Goods  destined  for  such  Exhibition  imported  through  the  above-named  frontier  ports 
may  be  forwarded  in  the  same  manner  as  now  allowed  by  law  and  regulations  for  other 
importations. 

4.  Invoices  showing  the  marks,  numbers,  character,  quantity,  and  foreign  market  value 
of  articles  intended  for  such  Exhibition  shall  be  authenticated  by  the  hand  and  official  seal 
of  the  Commissioner  for  the  International  Exhibition  appointed  by  the  Government  of  the 
country  from  which  such  articles  are  imported,  and  shall  be  made  in  triplicate  and  forwarded 
— one  copy  to  the  Collector  of  Customs  for  the  port  at  which  is  intended  such  articles 
shall  enter  the  United  States,  one  copy  to  the  Collector  of  Customs  for  the  port  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  one  copy  to  the  consignee  or  agent  of  the  shipper.     In  case  it  shall  be  im- 
practicable to  obtain  the  authentication  of  the  Commissioner,  under  official  seal,  verification 
by  a  consular  officer  of  the  United  States  may  be  accepted  instead. 

5.  All  packages  containing  such  articles  must  be  conspicuously  addressed  to  the  "  Direc- 
tor-General of  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876,  at  Philadelphia." 

6.  Upon  the  arrival  at  any  of  the  above-named  ports,  except  New  Orleans  and  San 
Francisco,  of  packages  so  marked,  and  containing  articles  intended  for  such  Exhibition, 
duplicate  entry  thereof,  in  form  to  be  prescribed,  may  be  made  by  the  consignee  or  agent 
thereof,  for  immediate  transportation  to  Philadelphia,  by  a  duly-authorized  bonded  route, 
but  transportation  bond  will  not  be  required. 

7.  The  entry  having  been  compared  with  the  invoice  received  from  the  Commissioner, 
found  correct,  and  numbered  and  registered  in  a  book  provided  for  that  purpose,  the  Col- 
lector will  issue  a  special  permit  for  the  transfer  of  such  packages  from  the  importing  vessel 
to  the  cars  for  transportation,  care  being  taken  to  fully  identify  the  packages  by  the  marks 
and  numbers  as  described  in  the  bill  of  lading,  entry,  and  invoice,  and  will  transmit  the 
entry  to  the  Surveyor,  with  proper  directions  for  shipment. 

8.  Such   transfer  must   be   made   by  bonded   cart  or  truck,    and  the  packages  must 
be  accompanied  .by  a  customs  officer,  detailed  for  that  purpose,  from  the  time  they  are 
removed  from  the  importing  vessel  until  they  are  placed  upon  the  cars  for  transportation, 
and  such  officer  will  be  required  to  superintend  the  lading  and  secure  the  cars  by  customs 
lock  and  seal. 

9.  Triplicate  manifests  for  each  car  so  laden,  showing  the  marks,  numbers,  etc.,  of  such 
packages  as  described  in  the  entry,  will  be  prepared  and  signed  by  the  proper  agent  of  the 
railroad  company  by  whom  such  articles  are  to  be  transported.    Each  of  said  manifests  will 
be  certified  as  correct  by  the  shipping  inspector,  who  will  deliver  one  manifest  to  the  con- 


72  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  ductor  or  agent  of  the  railroad  company,  and  return  the  other  two  with  the  entry,  also 

Forms,  certified  by  him,  to  the  Collector. 

10.  The  entry  having  been  duly  registered  and  certified,  as  hereinbefore  required,  the 
Collector  will  transmit  the  same  by  mail,  with  the  invoice,  bill  of  lading,  and  manifest,  to 
the  Collector  of  Customs  at  Philadelphia,  the  duplicate  manifest  to  be  retained  on  the  files 
of  the  custom-house  at  the  port  of  entry. 

At  ports  where  there  is  a  naval  office  the  entries  for  transportation  will  be  made  in  trip- 
licate,— one  copy  for  the  files  of  that  office,  one  for  the  Collector's  office,  and  one  for  trans- 
mittal,  as  above  required,  to  Philadelphia. 

11.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the  cars  containing  such  articles  at  the  Exhibition  buildings  at 
Philadelphia,  the  conductor  or  agent  of  the  railroad  company  will  report  such  arrival  by 
the  presentation  of  the  manifest  to  the  customs  officer  designated  to  receive  such  manifests, 
who  shall  compare  the  same  with  the  copy  received  by  mail,  and  superintend  the  opening 
of  the  cars,  taking  care  to  identify  the  packages  by  marks  and  numbers  as  described  in  the 
manifest.     In  case  of  the  non-receipt  of  the  manifests,  the  unlading  of  the  cars  shall  not, 
for  that  reason,  be  delayed,  but  the  invoice  will  be  used  to  identify  the  packages. 

12.  Immediate  notice  of  such  arrival  of  the  goods  shall  be  given  by  the  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Philadelphia  to  the  Collector  from  the  port  of  which  such  articles  were  shipped, 
and  such  notice  will  be  numbered  to  correspond  with  the  entry,  and  the  date  of  its  receipt 
recorded  in  the  register  of  entries  prescribed,  to  be  kept  at  ports  where  entries  for  trans- 
portation are  made.     The  packages  will  be  retained  in  the  custody  of  the  customs  officers 
at  the  Exhibition  building,  unopened,  until  special  entry  for  warehouse,  in  form,  to  be  pre- 
scribed, is  made  by  the  owner,  consignee,  or  agent  authorized  to  make  entry,  but  no  ware- 
housing bond  will  be  required. 

13.  Upon  the  completion  of  the  special  warehouse  entry,  the  packages  will  be  opened, 
and  due  examination  and  appraisement  of  the  contents,  with  proper  allowance  for  damage 
sustained  on  the  voyage  of  importation,  if  any,  will  be  made  by  the  Appraiser  at  the  Exhi- 
bition buildings,  which  shall,  for  that  purpose,  be  regarded  as  a  public  store.    The  Appraiser 
will  be  furnished  with  the  invoice  of  the  articles  to  be  appraised,  and  will  indorse  his  report 
of  appraisement  and  his  allowance  for  damage,  if  any,  upon  such  invoice,  in  like  manner  as 
if  such  articles  were  regularly  entered  for  consumption  or  warehouse.     No  allowance  for 
damage,  however,  exceeding  fifty  per  cent.,  will  be  made  without  the  approval  of  the  De- 
partment.    The  entry  will  then  be  liquidated,  the  full  amount  of  duties  ascertained,  and 
the  whole  transaction  entered  upon  a  record  to  be  provided  for  that  purpose. 

14.  The  articles  may  then  be  placed  in  the  position  provided  for  their  exhibition,  but 
will  remain  under  the  custody  and  control  of  the  customs  officers,  and  will  not  be  removed 
from  the  place  assigned  without  a  permit  from  the  Collector  of  Customs  or  the  officer  who 
may  be  designated  to  grant  such  permit.     In  no  case  will  such  articles  be  removed  from 
the  Exhibition  building,  or  released  from  the  custody  of  the  customs  officers,  unless  the 
same  shall  have  been  regularly  entered  at  the  custom-house  in  Philadelphia  for  consump- 
tion, warehouse,  or  export. 

15.  In  case  of  exportation  of  such  articles,  existing  regulations,  requiring  exports  to  be 
made  in  original  packages,  will  be  waived. 

1 6.  Entry  of  articles  designed  for  such  Exhibition,  arriving  at  the  ports  of  San  Francisco 
or  New  Orleans,  must  be  made  in  the  manner  now  prescribed  by  law,  and  regulations  on 
the  importation  of  dutiable  merchandise,  either  for  warehouse  and  immediate  transportation 
in  bond,  or  for  immediate  transportation  without  appraisement.     Upon  the  arrival  of  such 
articles  at  Philadelphia,  they  will  be  received  into  the  custody  of  the  customs  officers  (whose 
certificate  to  that  effect,  in  the  form  to  be  prescribed,  shall  be  sufficient  to  cancel  the  trans- 
portation bond),  and  thereupon  special  entry  for  warehouse,  without  bond,  may  be  made  as 
provided  by  these  regulations. 

17.  When  such  articles  arrive  at  Philadelphia,  by  vessel  direct  from  a  foreign  country, 
the  entry  for  transportation  will  not  be  required,  but  a  special  entry  for  warehouse,  in  the 


APPENDIX  B.  73 

manner  hereinbefore  provided,  may  be  made,  whereupon  a  special  permit  will  be  issued  for  Official 
the  transfer  of  the  articles  from  the  importing  vessels  to  the  cars  for  transportation  from  the  *    ms» 
vessel  direct  to  the  Exhibition  buildings ;  and  the  same  proceedings  as  to  identification  of 
the  articles,  their  transfer  from  the  vessel  to  the  cars,  the  preparation  of  manifests,  and  the 
careful  and  continuous  supervision  by  a  customs  officer  over  the  whole  transaction,  will  be 
required  as  at  other  ports. 

1 8.  Upon  the  arrival  of  such  cars  at  the  Exhibition  building,  after  special  warehouse 
entry  of  the  packages  is  made,  they  will  be  opened,  and  the  contents  of  the  packages 
examined  and  appraised  as  hereinbefore  provided. 

19.  The  special  form  of  entries,  permits,  manifests,  and  records  to  be  used  under  these 
regulations  will  be  prepared  and  furnished  by  the  Treasury  Department. 

20.  Collectors  of  Customs  will  report  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  any  case  relating 
to  an  importation  for  such  Exhibition  in  which  they  may  regard  these  regulations  as  insuf- 
ficient to  secure  the  interests  of  the  revenue,  and  special  instructions  will  be  given  for  their 
guidance  in  such  case. 

21.  The  regulations  heretofore  issued  under  the  date  of  October  3,  1874,  and  May  18, 
1875,  are  hereby  superseded  and  annulled:  provided,  however,  that  no  rights  or  interests 
heretofore  acquired  thereunder  shall  be  affected  to  the  injury  of  the  parties  concerned. 

(Signed)  B.  H.  BRISTOW,  Secretary. 

OFFICIAL  COPY, 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General  International  Exhibition,  1876. 


[No.  150.] 
PROPOSALS   FOR   THE   SALE   OF   CIGARS  AND  TOBACCO. 

1.  Proposals  will  be  received  on  or  before  the  loth  day  of  December,  1875,  for  the 
privilege  of  selling  Cigars  and  Tobacco  in  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876. 

2.  Proposals  will  state  the  terms  and  conditions, — • 

First.  A  gross  sum  for  the  privilege  of  selling  at  all  the  stands. 
Second.    A  gross   sum   for  the   privilege  of  selling  at  one  or  more  stands, — not 
exceeding  six. 

3.  Sufficient  security  will  be  required  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  contracts. 

4.  All  stands,  counters,  and  fittings  will  be  supplied  at  the  cost  of  the  contractor. 

5.  The  dimensions  of  the  counters  and  stands,  and  style  of  decorations,  shall  be  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Director-General  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

6.  The   Director-General  will  designate  the  locations  for  the  stands, — the   number 
being  limited  to  six. 

7.  The  party  or  parties  to  whom  the  privilege  is  granted  will  be  required  to  observe  the 
rules  and  regulations  established  from  time  to  time  for  the  government  of  the  Exhibition. 

8.  Proposals  must  be  addressed  to  the  President  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance, 
Philadelphia,  and  indorsed  "  Proposals  for  the  sale  of  Cigars  and  Tobacco." 

9.  The  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  expressly  reserves  the  right  to  reject  any  or  all 
propositions  made  in  answer  to  this  circular. 

JOHN   WELSH,  Pres.  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 
A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 
PHILADELPHIA,  December  4,  1875. 


[No.  155.] 
INTERNATIONAL  YACHT  REGATTA. 

An  International  Regatta,  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commis- 
sion, will  take  place  in  the  harbor  of  New  York,  on  or  about  the  22d  day  of  June,  1876. 


74  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  This  Regatta  will  be  open  to  all  yachts  belonging  to  organized  yacht  clubs. 

ms'  The  Centennial  Commission  will  award  medals  and  diplomas  to  the  winning  yachts  of 

each  class,  in  addition  to  the  prizes  offered  by  the  yachting  organizations. 

The  arrangements  for  this  Regatta  have  been  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  following  com- 
mittee : 

Geo.  L.  Kingsland,  Commodore  of  the  New  York  Yacht  Club,  Chairman. 
John  S.  Dickerson,  Commodore  of  the  Brooklyn  Yacht  Club,  Secretary. 
John  M.  'Forbes,  Commodore  of  the  Eastern  Yacht  Club,  Boston. 
W.  L.  Swan,  Commodore  of  the  Seawanhaka  Yacht  Club. 
Wm.  T.  Garner,  Vice-Commodore  of  the  New  York  Yacht  Club. 
S.  Nicholson  Kane,  Rear-Commodore  of  the  New  York  Yacht  Club. 
Correspondence  may  be  addressed  to  the  gentlemen  named,  who  will  have  charge  of  the 
details  of  the  Regatta,  and  will  furnish  all  information  with  regard  to  it. 

JOS.    R.    HAWLEY,  President. 
J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADELPHIA,  December  27,  1875. 


[No.  159.] 
CIRCULAR   TO  AMERICAN   EXHIBITORS   IN   EUROPE. 

PHILADELPHIA,  January  10,  1876. 

All  packages  intended  to  be  shipped  on  the  United  States  Ship  "  Supply"  must  be  at 
Leghorn  or  Civita  Vecchia  not  later  than  the  loth  day  of  February,  properly  addressed  to 
the  Exhibition,  in  accordance  with  the  regulations. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 


[COPY.] 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT,  WASHINGTON,  3d  Jan.,  1876. 

THE  HONORABLE  Z.  CHANDLER,  Secretary  of  the  Interior  : 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  2ist  ultimo,  trans- 
mitting copy  of  a  letter,  dated  the  2Oth  ult.,  from  the  Director- General  of  the  Centennial 
Exhibition  of  1876,  and  to  inform  you  that  the  United  States  ship  "  Supply,"  New  York,  will 
sail  for  Civita  Vecchia  and  Leghorn  and  Tangier;  leaving  early  in  this  month,  and  proba- 
bly arriving  at  Civita  Vecchia  in  about  thirty  days.  She  will  be  ordered  to  return  to  Phila- 
delphia, and  arrive  there  as  early  as  possible  in  April  next. 

Very  respectfully  your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  GEO.  M.  ROBESON,  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 


[No.  172.] 
INTERNATIONAL  ROWING  REGATTA. 

An  International  Rowing  Regatta,  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commiss'r n,  will  take  place  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  in  view  of  the  grounds  of  the  Inter- 
national Exhibition,  between  the  2Othof  August  and  the  I5th  of  September,  1876.  Entries 
will  be  closed  on  July  I5th. 

The  races,  supervised  by  the  Centennial  Commission,  will  be  under  the  local  manage- 
ment of  the  Schuylkill  Navy,  a  boating  organization  composed  of  nine  clubs,  whose  boat- 
houses  are  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  within  Fairmount  Park.  This  association 
will  furnish  quarters  for  the  boats  of  visiting  crews. 

The  Committee  in  charge  have  made  the  following  arrangements : 

First.  An  International  Race,  open  to  all  regularly-organized  boat-clubs  throughout  the 


APPENDIX  B. 


75 


world,  to  be  rowed  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  National  Amateur  Rowing  Associa-  Official 
tion  of  the  United  States ;  the  prizes  to  be  a  piece  of  plate  each  for  fours,  for  pairs,  for  Forms» 
doubles,  and  for  single  sculls,  and  in  addition  medals  to  be  presented  to  each  man  rowing 
in  the  race, — to  be  of  gold  for  the  winning  crew,  for  the  second  crew  of  silver,  and  the 
remainder  of  bronze. 

Second.  An  International  College  Race,  for  four-oared  shells,  will  be  held,  the  prize  to 
be  a  piece  of  plate,  with  a  gold  medal  to  each  member  of  the  winning  crew,  open  only  to 
undergraduates. 

Third.  An  International  Graduates'  Race  will  be  held  for  four-oared  shells,  open  only 
to  graduates  of  Colleges  or  Universities ;  the  prize  being  a  piece  of  plate,  and  a  gold  medal 
to  each  member  of  the  winning  crew. 

Fourth.  Professional  Races  will  be  held  open  to  all  crews  throughout  the  world,  for 
four-oared,  pair-oared,  and  single-scull  shells,  for  suitable  purses,  the  amounts  of  which  will 
be  announced  by  the  ist  of  May,  1876. 

The  amateur  races  will  be  rowed  in  heats,  one  and  a  half  miles  straight-away.  The 
professional  races  will  be  rowed  three  miles,  one  and  a  half  miles  and  return. 

In  addition  to  the  above-named  prizes,  which  will  be  provided  by  the  Schuylkill  Navy, 
the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  will  award  the  diploma  and  medal  of  the 
Commission  to  the  victors. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

J.  R.  HAWLEY,  President. 

J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADELPHIA,  February  10,  1876. 

EXECUTIVE  AND   HONORARY   COMMITTEE. 

His  Excellency  John  F.  Hartranft,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  Chairman. 

His  Honor  W.  S.  Stokley,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  Vice- Chairman. 

Prof.  J.  R.  Leslie,  Dublin  University  Boat  Club,  Dublin,  Ireland. 

E.  R.  Craft,  Argonauta  Rowing  Association,  New  Jersey,  Ex.  Com.  National  Association. 

Ezra  Rust,  Northwestern  Rowing  Association,  Michigan. 

A.  F.  Dexter,  Narraganset,  R.  I.,  President  National  Association  Amateur  Oarsmen. 

Marcellus  Bailey,  Analostan  B.  C.,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Ex.  Com.  National  Committee. 

Chas.  E.  Roome,  President  Nassau  Boat  Club,  N.  Y. 

W.  F.  Garner,  Vice-Commodore  New  York  Yacht  Club. 

Col.  J.  Schuyler  Crosby,  New  York  Yacht  Club. 

Genl.  E.  Burd  Grubb,  Philadelphia,  and  others  to  be  appointed. 

REGATTA   COMMITTEE. 

A.  Krumbharr,  Philadelphia  Barge  Club,  Ex.  Com.  National  Association. 

E.  S.  Miles,  University  Barge  Club. 
W.  R.  Tucker,  Undine  Barge  Club. 

G.  W.  Parker,  Quaker  City  Barge  Club,  Ex.  Com.  National  Association. 

F.  W.  Murphy,  Philadelphia  Barge  Club. 
Isaac  Bedichimer,  Malta  Boat  Club. 

H.  R.  Barnhurst,  Crescent  Boat  Club. 
H.  V.  Stillwell,  West  Philadelphia  Boat  Club. 
Dr.  Daniel  Bray,  College  Boat  Club. 
Jonathan  Gillingham,  Secretary. 

Address  for  information, 

JAMES   M.  FERGUSON,  Commodore. 

JOHN   HOCKLEY,  JR.,  Vice-Commodore. 


76  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  [No.  174.1 

Forms,  SPECIAL  AWARDS. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission, 
held  on  the  2Oth  day  of  January,  1876,  the  following  resolution  was  adopted : 

"  Resolved,  That  special  money  or  other  awards  that  may  be  offered  in  any  class  to  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commission  by  associations  or  individuals,  may  be  accepted  by 
the  Director-General  on  behalf  of  the  Commission,  on  the  condition  that  such  awards  shall 
be  decreed  by  the  Commission,  in  accordance  with  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Exhi- 
bition." 

Tenders  to  the  Commission  of  special  awards  must  state  specifically  the  character  of 
the  proposed  award  and  the  class  to  which  it  is  intended  to  be  given. 

A  satisfactory  guarantee  will  be  required  for  the  payment  of  all  special  awards. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

J.  R.  HAWLEY,  President. 

J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADELPHIA,  February  10   1876. 


[No.  175.1 
NOTICE  TO   AMERICAN   EXHIBITORS   IN   EUROPE. 

PHILADELPHIA,  February  17,  1876. 

All  objects  and  works  of  art  intended  to  be  shipped  on  the  United  States  steamer 
"  Franklin"  must  be  at  Southampton,  England,  not  later  than  the  fifteenth  day  of  March, 
and  at  Cherbourg,  France,  not  later  than  the  eighteenth  day  of  March,  properly  addressed 
to  the  Exhibition,  in  accordance  with  the  regulations. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 


THE  HONORABLE  Z.  CHANDLER,  Secretary  of  the  Interior: 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letters  of  the  6th  ultimo  and 
the  3d  instant,  and  copies  of  letters  addressed  to  you  by  Hon.  A.  T.  Goshorn,  the  Director- 
General  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876.  The  Department  yesterday  telegraphed 
the  United  States  steamer  "  Franklin"  to  proceed  from  Lisbon  to  Southampton,  England. 
On  her  arrival  at  that  port,  orders  have  been  given  Rear  Admiral  Worden  to  receive  on 
board  all  objects  and  works  of  art  intended  for  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia 
which  may  be  forwarded  to  him  by  the  duly  authorized  agent  at  Paris,  or  elsewhere  on  the 
Continent.  When  this  duty  is  completed,  he  is  ordered  to  proceed  with  the  "  Franklin" 
to  Gibraltar,  at  which  port  he  ought  to  arrive  early  in  April  next.  Directions  have  been 
given  him  to  communicate  in  the  mean  while  with  the  commanding  officer  of  the  "  Supply," 
at  Leghorn  or  Civita  Vecchia,  Italy,  and  inform  him  that  he  will  transfer  the  articles  he 
has  on  board  to  the  "  Supply,"  for  transportation  to  the  United  States,  at  Gibraltar;  either 
of  the  ships  to  await  the  arrival  of  the  other  at  that  port. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  GEO.  M.  ROBESON,  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 


[No.  181.] 

INTERNATIONAL   RIFLE   MATCHES. 

Under  the  auspices  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  the  National  Rifle 
Association  of  the  United  States  will  arrange  and  conduct  a  series  of  Rifle  Matches  open 
to  all  comers  of  all  nations,  and  concluding  with  an 

INTERNATIONAL  LONG-RANGE  MATCH   FOR  THE  CHAMPIONSHIP   OF  THE  WORLD. 
The  contest  will  take  place  at  Creedmoor,  Long  Island,  near  New  York  City,  on  the 
well-equipped  ranges  of  the  National  Rifle  Association. 


APPENDIX  B. 


77 


The  Centennial  Commission  will  award  medals  and  diplomas  to  the  winners  in  each  Official 
match,  in  addition  to  certain  prizes  and  trophies  to  be  given  by  the  Association,  which  will 
be  specified  hereafter. 

A  list  of  the  officers  of  the  Association  and  a  schedule  of  the  matches  are  hereto  annexed. 

Correspondence  may  be  addressed  to  General  Alexander  Shaler,  President,  or  George 
S.  Schemerhorn,  Jr.,  Secretary,  National  Rifle  Association,  93  Nassau  Street,  New  York 
City. 

JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  President. 

JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADELPHIA,  March  4,  1876. 

OFFICERS   OF  THE  NATIONAL   RIFLE  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Major-General  Alexander  Shaler,  President. 

Brevet  Major-General  John  B.  Woodward,  Vice-  President. 

George  S.  Schermerhorn,  Jr.,  Secretary. 

Brevet  Major-General  Martin  T.  McMahon,  Treasurer. 


Directors. 


Hon.  H.  A.  Gildersleeve. 
Colonel  George  W.  Wingate. 
Hon.  D.  W.  Judd. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  John  T.  Camp. 
Colonel  John  Ward. 
Major  D.  D.  Wylie. 
E.  Harrison  Sanford.       , 
Major  George  Moore  Smith. 


Captain  Joseph  G.  Story. 

Captain  W.  C.  Casey. 

Hon.  N.  P.  Stanton. 

Major  Henry  Fulton. 

George  S.  Schermerhorn,  Jr. 

Colonel  Ira  Z.  Beebe. 

Brevet  Major-General  Martin  T.  McMahon. 


Executive  Committee. 

General  Alexander  Shaler,  President.  |  Hon.  Henry  A.  Gildersleeve. 

Gen.  John  B.  Woodward,  Vice- President.       '  Colonel  George  W.  Wingate. 
George  S.  Schermerhorn,  Jr.,  Secretary.          •  General  Thomas  S.  Dakin. 
General  Martin  T.  McMahon,  Treasurer. 

PROGRAMME  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL  CONTESTS,   COMMENCING  SEPTEMBER    12,    1876. 

Competition  /. — Short- Range  Match. 

Open  to  all  comers.  Distance,  200  yards.  Position,  standing.  Rifles,  any  not  exceeding 
ten  pounds  weight ;  minimum  pull  of  trigger,  three  pounds.  Breech-loading  rifles  to  be 
loaded  at  the  breech  only.  Ten  shots.  No  sighting  shots.  Entrance  fee,  $2.00. 

Competition  II. — Mid- Range  Match. 

Open  to  all  comers.  Distances. — Military  rifles  of  fifty  calibre  or  over,  to  be  used  at  500 
yards;  other  rifles  at  600  yards.  Rifles,  any  as  above.  Position,  any,  without  artificial  rest. 
Ten  shots.  No  sighting  shots.  The  prizes  in  the  foregoing  matches  will  be  subsequently 
announced.  Entrance  fee,  $2.00  each  distance.  Competitors  may  enter  for  both  distances. 

Competition  III. — International  Long- Range  Match  for  the  championship  of  the  world, — 
open  to  riflemen  of  all  countries. 

CONDITIONS. 

Teams. — Each  team  shall  consist  of  eight  men.  Members  of  the  various  teams  partici- 
pating must  be  native-born  citizens,  and  residents  of  the  countries  they  respectively  represent, 
except  in  the  case  of  teams  representing  a  provincial  territory  of  a  government,  in  which 
case  a  residence  in  the  province  will  be  sufficient,  provided  the  member  is  a  native-born 
subject  of  the  parent  country. 


78  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  Rifles. — Any,  not  exceeding  ten  pounds  weight ;  minimum  pull  of  trigger,  three  pounds. 

Forms,  Breech-loading  rifles  to  be  loaded  at  the  breech  only. 

Distances. — 800,  900,  and  1000  yards. 

Number  of  shots. — Thirty  at  each  range,  by  each  competitor.  No  sighting  shots.  Match 
to  last  two  days.  Competitors  to  fire  fifteen  shots  at  each  distance  upon  each  day,  com- 
mencing at  800  yards. 

Position. — Any  without  artificial  rest. 

Entrance  fee. — None. 

Previous  practice. — Competing  teams  shall  be  allowed  the  use  of  the  range  for  one  week 
previous  to  these  matches,  but  on  the  days  of  this  match  no  person  will  be  allowed  to  shoot 
on  the  range  at  any  of  the  distances  prescribed  herein,  except  as  a  competitor. 

Captains  of  the  competing  teams  shall  select  two  referees,  and  the  referees  so  chosen 
shall  appoint  an  umpire,  whose  decision  in  all  cases  shall  be  final. 

Prize. — An  American  Centennial  Trophy.  Such  trophy  to  be  shot  for  in  each  subsequent 
year,  upon  the  same  terms,  in  the  country  of  the  team  holding  it,  at  such  time  and  place 
as  said  team,  or  a  majority  thereof,  shall  prescribe. 

Sights,  targets,  marking,  and  scoring  in  the  foregoing  matches  to  be  according  to  the 
printed  regulations  of  the  National  Rifle  Association  of  America. 

The  Fourth  Annual  Prize  Meeting  of  the  National  Rifle  Association  will  commence 
immediately  upon  the  conclusion  of  these  matches.  During  this  meeting  there  will  be 
several  all-comers'  matches. 


[No.  182.] 
PROGRAMME   OF  THE   INTERNATIONAL  YACHT   REGATTAS. 

The  following  Official  Statement  concerning  the  International  Regatta  of  1876  is  issued 
for  the  guidance  of  all  concerned. 

JOSEPH   R.  HAWLEY,  President. 
A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 
J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
PHILADELPHIA,  March  4,  1876. 


The  undersigned,  a  Committee  appointed  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission 
to  arrange  a  series  of  International  Regattas,  open  to  yachts  of  all  regularly  organized 
clubs,  to  be  sailed  during  the  yachting  season  of  the  present  year,  have  adopted  the  follow- 
ing programme : 

FIRST  DAY. — Thursday,  June  22.  A  regatta  over  the  New  York  Yacht  Club  course, 
open  to  all  yachts,  as  above,  of  fifteen  tons  and  upwards. 

SECOND  DAY. — Friday,  June  23.  A  regatta  in  New  York  Bay,  open  to  all  yachts,  as 
above,  of  fifteen  tons  and  under,  over  a  triangular  course  not  exceeding  twenty-five  miles. 
Also  a  regatta  for  steam  yachts,  over  a  course  to  be  decided  upon  hereafter,  not  exceeding 
forty  miles. 

THIRD  DAY. — Monday,  June  26.  A  regatta  from  New  York  to  Cape  May,  and  return, 
open  to  all  yachts,  as  above,  of  fifteen  tons  and  upwards. 

In  the  first  and  second  regattas,  yachts  will  be  divided  into  classes,  with  time  allowance, 
based  upon  the  mean  length  and  breadth.  In  the  third  there  will  be  two  classes  for 
schooners  and  one  for  sloops,  without  allowance  of  time. 

A  certificate  of  measurement  must  accompany  every  entry.  The  owner's  measurement 
will  be  considered  sufficient,  unless  protest  is  made.  In  such  case  the  Committee  reserve 
the  right  to  remeasure. 


APPENDIX  B.  7 

The  medal  and  diploma  of  the  International  Exhibit/on  of  1876  will  be  awarded  by  Official 
the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  to  the  winner  in  each  class  in  the  above  regattas. 
Additional  prizes  in  silver  will  be  awarded  by  the  undersigned  Committee. 
All  entries  must  be  made  to  the  Committee  on  or  before  Thursday,  June  I5th. 
All  communications  must  be  directed  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Committee, 

S.  NICHOLSON  KANE,  New  York  Yacht  Club, 
Twenty-Seventh  St.  and  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

«  COMMITTEE. 

Geo.  L.  Kingsland,  Commodore  New  York  Yacht  Club. 
John  S.  Dickerson,  Commodore  Brooklyn  Yacht  Club. 
John  M.  Forbes,  Commodore  Eastern  Yacht  Club  (Boston). 
S.  Nicholson  Kane,  Vice-Commodore  New  York  Yacht  Club. 
Wm.  L.  Swan,  Seawanhaka  Yacht  Club  (New  York). 
Wm.  T.  Garner,  New  York  Yacht  Club. 


[No.  193.] 
ORGANIZATION  AND   DUTIES   OF  THE  JUDGES  OF  AWARDS. 

I. 

Awards  shall  be  based  upon  written  reports,  attested  by  the  signatures  of  their  authors. 

II. 

Two  hundred  and  fifty  Judges  have  been  appointed  to  make  such  reports,  one-half  of 
whom  are  foreigners  and  one-half  citizens  of  the  United  States.  They  have  been  selected 
for  their  known  qualifications  and  character,  and  are  presumed  to  be  experts  in  the  Groups 
to  which  they  have  been  respectively  assigned.  The  foreign  members  of  this  body  have 
been  appointed  by  the  Commission  of  each  country,  in  conformity  with  the  distribution 
and  allotment  to  each  adopted  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission.  The  Judges 
from  the  United  States  have  been  appointed  by  the  Centennial  Commission. 

HI. 

Reports  and  awards  shall  be  based  upon  inherent  and  comparative  merit.  The  elements 
of  merit  shall  be  held  to  include  considerations  relating  to  originality,  invention,  discovery, 
utility,  quality,  skill,  workmanship,  fitness  for  the  purposes  intended,  adaptation  to  public 
wants,  economy,  and  cost. 

IV. 

To  facilitate  the  examination  by  the  Judges  of  the  articles  exhibited,  they  have  been 
classified  in  Groups.  To  each  of  these  Groups  a  competent  number  of  Judges  (Foreign  and 
American)  has  been  assigned  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission.  Besides  these, 
certain  objects  in  the  Departments  of  Agriculture  and  Horticulture,  which  will  form  tem- 
porary exhibitions,  have  been  arranged  in  special  Groups,  and  Judges  will  be  assigned  to 
them  hereafter. 

V. 

The  Judges  will  meet  for  organization  on  May  24,  at  12  M.,  at  the  Judges'  Pavilion. 
They  will  enter  upon  the  work  of  examination  with  as  little  delay  as  practicable,  and  will 
recommend  awards  without  regard  to  the  nationality  of  the  exhibitor. 

VI. 

The  Judges  assigned  to  each  Group  will  choose  from  among  themselves  a  Chairman 
und  a  Secretary.  They  must  keep  regular  minutes  of  their  proceedings.  Reports  recom- 


8o  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Official  mending  awards  shall  be  made  and  signed  by  a  Judge  in  each  Group,  stating  the  grounds 

Forms,  of  ^  propOSe(j  award;  and  such  reports  shall  be  accepted,  and  the  acceptance  signed  by  a 

majority  of  the  Judges  in  such  Group. 

VII. 

The  reports  of  the  Judges  recommending  awards  based  on  the  standards  of  merit 
referred  to  in  Section  III.,  must  be  returned  to  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Awards  not 
later  than  July  31,  to  be  transmitted  by  him  to  the  Centennial  Commission. 

VIII. 

Awards  will  be  finally  decreed  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  in  compli- 
ance with  the  Act  of  Congress  of  June  I,  1872,  and  will  consist  of  a  special  report  of  the 
Judges  on  the  subject  of  the  Award,  together  with  a  Diploma  and  a  uniform  Bronze 
Medal. 

IX. 

Upon  matters  not  submitted  for  competitive  trial,  and  upon  such  others  as  may  be  named 
by  the  Commission,  the  Judges  will  prepare  reports  showing  the  progress  made  during  the 
past  hundred  years. 

X. 

Vacancies  in  the  corps  of  Judges  will  be  filled  by  the  authority  which  made  the  original 
appointment. 

No  exhibitor  can  be  a  Judge. 

An  exhibitor  who  is  not  the  manufacturer  or  producer  of  the  article  exhibited  shall  not 
be  entitled  to  an  award. 

XI. 

The  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Awards  will  be  the  representative  of  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission  in  its  relations  to  the  Judges.  Upon  request,  he  will  decide  all 
questions  which  may  arise  during  their  proceedings  in  regard  to  the  interpretation  and 
application  of  the  rules  adopted  by  the  Commission  relating  to  awards,  subject  to  an  appeal 
to  the  Commission. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 


[No.  197.] 
THE   OFFICIAL   CATALOGUE. 

Exhibitors  are  requested  to  note  any  omissions  or  inaccuracies  in  the  Official  Catalogue, 
and  transmit  them  without  delay  to  the  office  of  the  Director-General.  To  insure  re- 
vision in  the  second  edition  of  the  Catalogue,  such  corrections  must  be  furnished  before 
May  20,  and  indorsed  "  Corrections  for  the  Offic;al  Catalogue." 

N.B. — It  is  desirable  that  proper  names  should  be  furnished,  if  possible,  in  print. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

PHILADELPHIA,  May  10,  1876. 


[No  199.] 

OPENING  CEREMONIES   OF  THE   EXHIBITION. 

The  United  States  Centennial  Commission  announces  the  following  orders  and  pro- 
gramme  for  the  opening  of  the  International  Exhibition  on  the  loth  inst. 

The  Commission,  with  the  concurring  counsel  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  instructed  its 
officers  to  give  formal  invitations  only  to  persons  in  official  positions,  to  those  officially  con- 


APPENDIX  B.  8 1 

nected  with  the  Exhibition,  and  to  members  of  the  press,  by  reason  of  the  impossibility  of  Official 
discriminating  among  the  numerous  and  generous  supporters  of  the  enterprise.  Forms, 

All  the  gates,  except  those  at  the  east  end  of  the  Main  Building,  will  be  open  to  the  x  7  ' 
public  at  9  A.M.,  at  the  established  rate  of  admission. 

The  Main  Building,  Memorial  Hall,  and  Machinery  Hall  will  be  reserved  for  guests 
and  exhibitors  until  the  conclusion  of  the  ceremonies,  about  1  P.M.,  when  all  restrictions 
will  be  withdrawn. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  will  be  escorted  to  the  Exhibition  by  Governor 
Hartranft,  of  Pennsylvania,  with  a  division  or  more  of  troops  from  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey. 

Invited  guests  will  enter  the  Main  Building  from  the  carriage  concourse  at  the  east  end, 
or  by  the  south-middle  entrance  on  Elm  Avenue.  The  doors  will  be  open  to  them  at  9  A.M. 
They  will  pass  to  the  platform  in  front  of  Memorial  Hall  through  the  north-middle  doors 
of  the  Main  Building,  and  should  occupy  their  places  before  10.15  A.M.  All  the  space  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  platform,  save  what  may  be  needed  for  passage,  will  be  open  to  the 
public.  Seats  on  the  platform  for  the  ladies  invited  are  provided,  and  it  is  expected  that 
they  will  join  the  procession  if  they  choose. 

The  orchestra  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  pieces  and  the  chorus  of  one  thousand  voices 
will  be  under  the  direction  of  Theodore  Thomas,  assisted  by  Dudley  Buck. 

PROGRAMME. 

1.  10.15  A-M- — National  Airs,  by  the  Orchestra. 

2.  10.30  A.M. — Arrival  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

3.  Centennial  Inauguration  March,  by  Richard  Wagner. 

4.  Prayer  by  the  Right  Reverend  Bishop  Simpson. 

5.  Hymn,  by  John  Greenleaf  Whittier. 

Music  by  John  K.  Paine,  of  Massachusetts. 
Organ  and  Orchestral  accompaniment. 

6.  Presentation  of  the  Buildings  to  the  Commission  by  the  President  of  the  Centen- 

nial Board  of  Finance. 

7.  Cantata,  by  Sidney  Lanier,  of  Georgia. 

Music  by  Dudley  Buck,  of  Connecticut. 
Basso  Solo  by  Myron  W.  Whitney,  of  Boston. 

8.  Presentation   of  the   Exhibition   to   the    President  of  the   United    States   by  the 

President  of  the  Centennial  Commission. 

9.  Address  by  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

10.  Unfurling  of  the  Flag,  Hallelujah  Chorus,  Salutes  of  Artillery,  and  Ringing  of 

the  Chimes. 

11.  Procession  through  the  Main  Building  and  Machinery  Hall. 

12.  Reception  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  in  the  Judges'  Pavilion. 

No  flags  or  ensigns,  except  such  as  are  permanently  fixed  in  the  buildings,  will  be  dis- 
played on  the  morning  of  the  loth  until  the  signal  be  given.  The  organs  and  other  musical 
instruments  and  the  bells  will  await  the  same  notice. 

When  the  President  of  the  United  States  declares  the  Exhibition  open,  the  flag  on  the 
staff  near  him  will  be  unfurled  as  a  signal  for  the  raising  of  all  other  flags  and  ensigns,  the 
ringing  of  the  chimes,  the  salute  of  one  hundred  guns  on  George's  Hill,  and  the  singing 
of  the  Hallelujah  Chorus  of  Handel  by  the  chorus,  with  organ  and  orchestral  accom 
paniment. 

Immediately  upon  the  announcement,  the  Foreign  Commissioners  will  pass  into  the 
Main  Building  and  take  places  upon  the  general  avenue  opposite  their  respective  sections. 

The  President  of  the  United  States,  conducted  by  the  Director-General  of  the  Exhibi- 

6 


82 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


tion,  and  followed  by  the  guests  of  the  day,  will  pass  through  the  Main  Building.  As  the 
President  passes  the  Foreign  Commissioners  they  will  join  the  procession,  and  the  whole 
body  will  move  to  Machinery  Hall. 

On  his  way  the  President  will  be  saluted  by  his  military  escort,  formed  in  two  lines 
between  the  buildings. 

In  Machinery  Hall,  when  the  procession  shall,  as  far  as  possible,  have  entered  the 
building,  the  President,  assisted  by  George  H.  Corliss,  will  set  in  motion  the  great  engine 
and  the  machinery  connected  therewith. 

No  further  formal  order  of  procession  will  be  required. 

The  President,  and  such  of  the  guests  as  may  choose  to  follow,  will  be  escorted  by  way 
of  the  north  main  aisle  of  Machinery  Hall  to  the  doors  of  the  eastern  tower  and  to  the 
Judges'  Pavilion. 

The  passage  in  return  to  the  Main  Building  will  be  kept  for  half  an  hour. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  will  hold  a  brief  reception  in  the  Judges'  Pavilion. 

Should  the  weather  render  it  impossible  to  conduct  the  exercises  in  the  open  air,  they 
will  be  held  in  the  Main  Building,  and  the  best  regulations  the  circumstances  may  permit 
will  be  communicated  to  the  guests  upon  their  arrival.  T.  B.  P.  Dixey  is  announced  as 
Master  of  Ceremonies.  He  will  wear  a  white  sash.  He  will  be  assisted  by  twenty-five 
aids,  who  will  wear  blue  sashes. 

By  order  of  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

JOSEPH   R.  HAWLEY,  President. 
JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 

PHILADELPHIA,  May  10,  1876. 


AMERICAN  AND   FOREIGN  JUDGES. 
AMERICAN.  FOREIGN. 


[No.  210.] 


GROUP  I.— MINERALS,  MINING,  METALLURGY,  AND   MACHINERY  RELATING 

THERETO. 


Alexander  L.  Holley,  56  Broadway,  New  York. 
Prof.  T.  Sterry  Hunt,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  St.  James's 

Hotel,  Boston,  Mass. 
Prof.  J.  M.  Safford,  Tennessee. 
S.  B.  Axtell,  Santa  Fe\  New  Mexico. 
John  Fritz,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Austin  Savage,  Boise  City,  Idaho. 
W.  S.  Keyes,  M.E.,  Eureka,  Nevada. 
Prof.  Frederick  Prime,  Jr.,  Sec'y,  Easton,  Pa. 
Matthew  Addy,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Prof.  G.  C.  Broadhead,  Pleasant  Hill,  Missouri. 


Mr.  Isaac  Lowthian  Bell,  F.R.S.,  M.P.,  C.E.,  Prest. 

Great  Britain. 

Mr.  Ernst  F.  Althans,  Germany. 
Mr.  L.  Simonin,  France. 
Mr.  F.  Valton,  France. 
Richard  Akerman,  Sweden. 
Mr.  Achille  Jottrand,  Belgium. 
Mr.  L.  Nicholsky,  Russia. 
Mr.  Nicholas  Jossa,  Russia. 
Prof.  Dr.  Th.  Kjerulf,  Norway. 
Don  Dan'l  de  Cortazar,  Spain. 
Emanuel  Paterno,  Italy. 
Mariano  Barcena,  Mexico. 


GROUP  II.— POTTERY,  GLASS,  ARTIFICIAL  STONE,  etc. 


General  Q.  A.  Gillmore,  U.S.A.,  care  of  D.  Van 

Nostrand,  New  York. 

Arthur  Beckwith,  Sec'y,  134  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 
Prof.  E.  T.  Cox,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 
General  Hector  Tyndale,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Henry  Wurtz,  Honoken,  N.  J. 


R.  H.  Soden  Smith,  M.A.,  Pres't,  Great  Britain. 

Dr.  G.  Seelhorst,  Germany. 

M.  de  Bussy,  France. 

Adolf  E.  Nordenskiold,  Sweden. 

M.  K.  Notomi,  Japan. 


GROUP  III.-CHEMISTRY  AND  PHARMACY,  WITH  THE  APPARATUS. 


Prof.  C.  A.  Joy,  Columbia  College,  N.  Y. 

Prof.   F.  A.   Genth,  University  of   Pennsylvania, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Prof.  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  Pres't,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Prof.  C.  F.  Chandler,  Columbia  College,  N.  Y. 
Prof.  J.  W.  Mallet,  University  of  Virginia,  Char- 

lottesville,*Va. 


Dr.  William  Odling,  F.R.S.,  Sec'y,  Great  Britain. 
Dr.  Rudolph  von  Wagner,  Germany. 
M.  J.  F.  Kuhlman  (fils),  France. 
M.  Prosper  DeWilde,  Belgium. 
Emanuel  Paterno,  Italy. 


APPENDIX  B. 


AMERICAN.  FOREIGN. 

GROUP  IV.— ANIMAL  AND  VEGETABLE  PRODUCTS,  AND  MACHINERY  RELA- 

TING  THERETO 


Offici* 
Form*. 
1876. 


Prof.  W.  C.  Kerr,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
L.  B.  Arnold,  Rochester,  New  York. 
Colonel  J.  F.  Tobias,  1705  Locust  Street,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

Colonel  John  Bradford,  Tallahassee,  Florida. 
Guide  Marx,  Toledo,  Ohio. 
Ryland  T.  Brown,  Pres't,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
W.  S.  Greene,  Sec'y,  Milford,  Wis. 


Julius  VVegeler,  Germany. 

Mr.  Edouard  Martell,  France. 

Don  E.  Loring,  Spain. 

Dr.  Nicolau  J.  Moreira,  Brazil. 

M.  Jay  me  Batalha  Reis,  Portugal. 

Mr.  Ekeda  Kenzo,  Japan. 

E.  Oldendorff,  Argentine  Confederation. 

Prof.  E.  von  Baumhauer,  Netherlands. 

H.  G.  Joly,  M.P.,  Canada. 

G.  F.  Secchi  de  Casali.  Italy. 

Prof.  Th.  Segelcke,  Denmark. 

Rustem  Effendi,  Turkey. 

GROUP  V.— FISH  AND  FISH  PRODUCTS,— APPARATUS  OF  FISHING. 
Prof.  S.  F.  Baird,  Smithsonian  Ins.,  Washington.  Joakim  Andersen,  Norway. 

T.  B.  Ferguson,  Baltimore,  Md. 

GROUP  VI.— TIMBER,  WORKED  LUMBER,  PARTS  OF  BUILDINGS. 


Prof.  Wm.  H.  Brewer,  Pres't,  New  Haven,  Co  n. 
J.  M.  Bennett,  Weston,  Lewis  Co.,  West  Virginia. 
Prof.  J.  S.  Newberry,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  or  Columbia 
College,  N.  Y. 


Jno.  R.  West,  Secretary,  Chili, 

M.  Rodrigues  de  Vasconcellos,  Portugal. 

Hon.  J.  Skead,  Sec'y,  Canada. 

Dr.  Jose  de  Saldanha  da  Gama,  Brazil. 


GROUP  VII.— FURNITURE,  UPHOLSTERY,  WOODEN  WARE. 


Addison  Boyden,  Pres't,  Boston,  Mass. 
Chauncey  Wiltse,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Robert  Mitchell,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


Eugene  Achille,  le  Marquis  de  Rochambeau,  France. 
Mr.  Theodore  Snyers,  Sec'y,  Belgium. 
Francis  Thonet,  Austria. 


GROUP  VIII.— COTTON,  LINEN,  AND  OTHER  FABRICS,  etc. 


Edward  Atkinson,  Sec'y,  Boston,  Mass. 

Hugh  Waddell,  Jr.,  Savannah,  Georgia. 

Colonel  Ed.  Richardson,  Jackson,  Miss. 

A.  D.  Lockwood,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Charles  H.  Wolff,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Colonel  Samuel  Webber,  C.E.,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

George  O.  Baker,  Selma,  Alabama. 


Mr.  Isaac  Watts,  Pres't,  Great  Britain. 
Mr.  W.  W.  Hulse,  C.E.,  Great  Britain. 
Don  Alvaro  de  la  Gandara,  Spain. 
Major  A.  Goldy,  Switzerland. 
Prof.  Gustave  Herrmann,  Germany. 
Prof.  Giuseppe  Dassi,  Italy. 


GROUP  IX.— WOOL  AND  SILK  FABRICS,  AND  MACHINERY  RELATING  THERETO. 


John  L.  Hayes,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Elliot  C.  Cowdin,  Pres't,  New  York. 

Charles  Le  Boutillier.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Charles  J.  Ellis,  714  Market  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

J.  D.  Lang,  Vassalboro',  Maine. 


Consul  Gustav  Gebhard,  Sec'y,  Germany 

Theodore  Bochner,  Jr.,  Austria. 

Mr.  Henry  Mitchell,  Great  Britain. 

Dr.  Max.  Weigert,  Germany. 

Mr.  Louis  Chatel,  France. 

Carl  Arnberg,  Sweden. 

Mr.  Hayami  Kenzo,  Japan. 

Mr.  John  G.  Neeser,  Switzerland. 

August  Behmer,  Egypt. 

Albert  Daninos,  Turkey. 

GROUP  X.— CLOTHING,  FURS,  INDIA-RUBBER  GOODS,  etc. 


Mr.  Ch.  J.  Dietz-Monnin,  France. 
Mr.  Modest  Kittary,  Russia. 
Mr.  Edward  Kanitz,  Austria. 
Mr.  M.  P.  Empey,  Canada. 


Prof.  W.  H.  Chandler,  Ph.D.,  F.C.S.,  Sec'y,  Lehigh 

University,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Wm.  O.  Linthicum,  174  Fifth  Ave.,  N.  Y.  City. 
Benjamin  F.  Britton,  New  York  City. 
Dr.  George  Hewston,  Pres't,  Folsom  Street,  San 

Francisco,  Cal. 
Prof.  E.  N.  Horsford,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

GROUP  XI.— JEWELRY,  WATCHES,  SILVERWARE,  BRONZES,  etc. 
Martin  P.  Kennard,  Pres't,  Boston,  Mass.  |    J.  Diefenbach,  Germany 

Peter  Gottesleben,  Scc'y,  Denver,  Colorado.  '    G.  H.  Heap,  Tunis. 

I    Roulleaux  Du  Gage,  France. 


84 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


AMERICAN.  FOREIGN. 

GROUP  XII.— LEATHER  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF  LEATHER,  etc. 
Gov.   F.  H.  Pierpont,  Pres't,  Fairmount,  Marion 

County,  West  Virginia. 
John  Cummings,  Sec'y,  Boston,  Mass. 
Thomas  Miles,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
J.  P.  Postles,  Wilmington,  Del. 

GROUP  XIII.— PAPER,  STATIONERY,  PRINTING,  AND  BOOK-MAKING. 


James  M.  Willcox,  Ph.D.,  Pres't,  Glen  Mills,  Pa. ; 

1722  Spruce  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
C.  O.  Chapin,  Springfield,  Mass. 
William  Faxon,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Edward  Conley,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
H.   T.  Brian,  Sec'y,  Government  Printing  Office, 

Washington,  D.  C. 


Sir  Sydney  H.  Waterlow,  Bart.,  M.P.,  Great  Britain. 
G.  W.  Seitz,  Germany. 


GROUP  XIV.— APPARATUS  OF  HEATING,  LIGHTING,  etc. 

C.  C.  Cox,  M.D.,LL.D. ,  Pres't,  Washington,  D.C.     I 
Azel  Ames,  Jr.,  M.D.,  Sec'y,  Wakefield,  Mass. 

GROUP  XV.— BUILDERS'  HARDWARE,  TOOLS,  CUTLERY,  etc. 


Charles  Staples,  Jr.,  Portland,  Maine. 
Daniel  Steinmetz,  Pres't,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
George  L.  Reed,  Clearfield,  Pa. 
General  John  D.  Imboden,  Richmond,  Va. 


Hon.  J.    Bain,   Lord   Provost  of   Glasgow,  Great 

Britain. 

Mr.  D.  MacHardy,  Great  Britain. 
Mr.  Julius  Diefenbach,  Sec'y,  Germany. 


GROUP  XVI.— MILITARY  AND  SPORTING  ARMS,  WEAPONS,  etc. 


ColonelS.  C.  Lyford, U.S. A.  (Chairman  Government 

Board,  etc.). 
General  H.  L.  Abbott,  U.S.A.,  Pres't,  Willett's 

Point,  N.  Y. 
George  A.  Hamilton,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 


Major  Wm.  H.  Noble,  R.A.,  Sec'y,  Great  Britain. 
Capt.   Comm't  of  Artillery  Alphonse   Lesne,  Bel- 
gium. 
Capt.  L.  P.  de  Saldanha  da  Gama,  Brazil. 


GROUP  XVII.— CARRIAGES,  VEHICLES,  AND  ACCESSORIES. 

Thomas  Goddard,  Boston,  Mass. — 134  State  St.  |    Mr.  Guiet,  France. 

B.  F.  Morse,  Augusta,  Me.  !    Mr.  Wm.  F.  Dufus,  Canada. 


GROUP  XVIII.— RAILWAY  PLANT,  ROLLING  STOCK,  ENGINES,  etc. 


Colonel  Robert  E.  Ricker,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 
General  T.  A.  Morris,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Felician  Slataper,  Sec'y,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


Capt.  Douglas  Gallon,  R.E.,  C.B.,  F.R.S.,  Pres't, 

Great  Britain. 

Mr.  Ernest  Pontzen,  Austria. 
Mr.  E.  Shaar,  Belgium. 


GROUP  XIX.— VESSELS,  AND  APPARATUS  OF  TRANSPORTATION. 


Isaac  Newton,  New  York. 

J.  W.  Griffith,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

H.  C.  Goodspeed,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


Colonel  F.  H.  Rich,  R.E.,  Great  Britain. 


GROUP  XX.-MOTORS,  HYDRAULIC  AND  PNEUMATIC  APPARATUS. 


C.  T.  Porter,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Joseph  Belknap,  New  York. 
James  Moore,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Horatio    Allen,    Pres't,    South    Orange,    "Home- 
wood,"  N.  J. 
Charles  E.  Emery,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 


Mr.  W.  H.  Barlow,  C.E.,  Great  Britain. 
Prof.  Francis  Reuleaux,  Germany. 
Nicholas?  Petroff,  Russia. 
Emil  Brugsch,  Sec'y,  Egypt. 


GROUP  XXL— MACHINE  TOOLS  FOR  WOOD,  METAL,  AND  STONE. 


Irving  M.  Scott,  Union  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

George  H.  Blelock,  Springfield,  Mass. 
W.  F.  Durfee,  Wisconsin  (at  56  Broadway,  N.  Y.). 
Prof.   John  A.  Anderson,   President  Kansas  State 

Agricultural  College,  Manhattan,  Kansas. 


Mr.  John   Anderson,  LL.D.,    C.E.,  Pres't,   Great 

Britain. 

M.  le  Commandant  F.  Perrier,  France. 
Mr.  C.  A.  Angstrom,  Sweden. 
Mr.  Auguste  Gobert  (nls),  Sec'y,  Belgium. 
Mr.  Felix  Reifer,  Austria. 


APPENDIX  B. 


AMERICAN.  FOREIGN. 

GROUP  XXII.— MACHINES  AND  APPARATUS  USED  IN  SEWING,  etc. 
George  W.  Gregory,  Boston,  Mass.  Mr.  Fred.  A.  Paget,  C.E.,  Sec'y,  Great  Britain. 

Edward  H.  Knight,  Pres't,  Patent  Office,  Washing. 

ton,  D.  C. 
L.  D.  F.  Poore,  Springfield,  Dakota. 

GROUP  XXIII.-AGRICULTURAL  MACHINES,  IMPLEMENTS  OF  AGRICULTURE, 

etc. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


Hon.  John  P.  Reynolds,  Chicago,  III. 
James  S.  Grinnell,  Sec'y,  Washington,  D.  C. 
James  Bruce,  Corvallas.  Oregon. 


Mr.  John  Coleman,  Pres't,  Great  Britain. 
Don  Fermin  Rosillo,  Spain. 
P.  D.  G.  Paes  Leme,  Brazil. 
M.  Manuel  Irarrazaval,  Chili. 


GROUP  XXIV.— INSTRUMENTS  OF  MEDICINE,  SURGERY,  etc. 


C   B.  White,  M.D.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
J.  H.  Thompson,  A.M.,  M.D,,  Sec'y,  Washington, 
D.  C. 


W.  A.  Roth,  M.D.,  Pres't,  Germany. 
Dr.  Ernst  Fleischl,  Austria. 


GROUP  XXV.-INSTRUMENTS  OF  PRECISION,  RESEARCH,  etc. 


Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  LL.D.,  Secretary  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Prof.  F.  A.  P.  Barnard,  S.T.D.,  LL.D.,  Columbia 
College,  New  York. 

Prof.  J.  E.  Hilgard,  Pres't,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Prof.  J.  C.  Watson,  Sec'y,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

General  Henry  K.  Oliver,  Salem,  Mass. 

George  F.  Bristow,  New  York. 


Sir    William   Thomson,   LL.D.,    D.C.L.,   F.R.S., 

Great  Britain. 

Jul.  Schiedmayer,  Germany. 
E.  Levasseur,  France. 
P.  F.  Kupka,  Austria. 
Edw.  Favre  Perret,  Switzerland. 


GROUP  XXVI.— ARCHITECTURE  AND  ENGINEERING. 


Jas.  B.  Eads,  C.E.,  South  Pass  Jetty  Works,  122 

Common  St.,  New  Orleans,  La, 
General  Wm.  B.  Franklin,  Pres't,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Richard  M.  Hunt,  49  West  35th  St.,  New  York. 
Colonel  Geo.  E.  Waring,  Jr.,  Newport,  R.  I. 


Sir  John  Hawkshaw,  C.E.,  F.R.S.,  Great  Britain. 
M.  Edouard  Lavoinne,  Sec'y,  France. 
J.  M.  da  Silva  Continho,  Brazil. 
J.  G.  W.  Fynje,  Netherlands. 
Lourenco  Malheiro,  Portugal. 


GROUP  XXVII.— PLASTIC  AND  GRAPHIC  ART. 


Frank  Hill  Smith,  Boston,  Mass. 
James  L.  Claghorn,  Pres't,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Prof.  J.  F.  Weir,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Brantz  Mayer,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Donald  G.  Mitchell,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Geo.  Ward  Nichols,  Sec'y,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Prof.  Henry  Draper,  New  York  University,  New 
York  City. 


Mr.  Charles  West  Cope,  R.A.,  Great  Britain. 

Mr.  Peter  Graham,  Great  Britain. 

Carl  W.  Schlesinger,  Germany. 

Dr.  H.  Vogel,  Germany. 

Mr.  J.  Emile  Saintin,  France. 

Fritz  L.  von  Dardel,  Sweden. 

P.  N.  Arbo,  Norway. 

Mr.  A.  Tantardini,  Italy. 

Guglielmo  de  Sanctis,  Italy. 

Mr.  Carl  Costenoble,  Austria. 

Prof.  J.  V.  Dahlerup,  Denmark. 

Th.  J.  E.  van  Heemskerck  van  Beest,  Netherlands. 


GROUP  XXVIII.— EDUCATION  AND  SCIENCE. 


Hon.  Andrew  D.  White,  LL.D.,  President  of  Cor- 
nell University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

D.  C.  Gilman,  LL.D.,  President  of  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  LL.D.,  Champaign,  111. 

Prof.  J.  W.  Hoyt,  LL.D.,  Sec'y,  Madison,  Wis. 


Sir  Charles  Reed,  Pres't,  Great  Britain. 

Mr.  Rene  Fouret,  France. 

Colonel  John  J.  Marin,  Spain. 

Prof.  Dr.  Otto  Martin  Torell,  Sweden. 


GROUP  XXIX.— HORTICULTURE. 


George  Thurber,  New  York. 

W.  D.  Brackenriclge,  Govanstown,  Md. 


W.  Pentland,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
William  Saunders,  Washington,  D.  C. 


86 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


GROUP  XXX.— HORSES,  MULES,  AND   ASSES. 


F.  Parrington,  Great  Britain. 
John  R.  Vilay,  Lexington,  Ky. 
J.  W.  Weldon,  New  York  City. 
Basil  Duke,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Colonel  E.  S.  Stowell,  Cornwall,  Vt. 
Thaddeus  G.  Holt,  Macon,  Ga. 
Milo  Smith,  Clinton,  Iowa. 


General  Thomas  G.  Williams,  Austin,  Texas. 

S.  P.  Brown,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Archibald  McAllister,  Springfield  Furnace,  Pa. 

S.  H.  Tewksbury,  Portland,  Me. 

George  Murray,  Racine,  Wis. 

Ira  Morgan. 

G.  W.  Ricker. 


GROUP  XXXI.— NEAT   CATTLE. 


William  Birnie,  Springfield,  Mass. 
James  Moore,  Harriston,  Canada. 
T.  Duckham,  London,  England. 
T.  C.  Jones,  Delaware,  Ohio. 
Warren  Percival,  Vassalboro',  Me. 
M.  Wilkins,  Harrisburg,  Oregon. 
Colin  Cameron,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
Edward  Howe,  Princeton,  N.  J. 


Henry  C.  Meredith,  Cambridge  City,  Ind. 

Ashbel  Smith,  M.D.,  Houston,  Texas. 

J.  Milton  Mackie,  Great  Barrington,  Mass. 

Frank  T.  Anderson,  Rockbriar,  Va. 

S.  J.  Lynch,  Los  Angeios,  Cal. 

George  E.  Waring,  Newport,  R.  I. 

L.  H.  Twaddcll,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


GROUP  XXXII.— SHEEP. 


George  Campbell,  W.  Westminster,  Vt. 
P.  H.  Lannan,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
J.  S.  Maynard,  Weld  County,  Col. 
Hon.  Moses  Stocking,  Wahoo,  Neb. 


O.  H.  Buchanan,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa. 
Owen  Richards,  Great  Britain. 
Alexander  Barrie,  Canada. 
George  Hammond,  Middleboro',  Vt. 


J.  M.  Washburn,  Sioux  Falls,  Dak. 
I.  S.  Maynard,  Weld  County,  Col. 


GROUP  XXXIII.— SWINE. 


I    G.  W.  Baker,  Great  Britain. 
I   W.  Rhodes,  Canada. 


John  E.  Long,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Colonel  F.  G.  Skinner,  New  York. 
L.  H.  Twaddell,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


GROUP  XXXIV.— DOGS. 


John  Swan,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Gustavus  A.  Drolet,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 


Z.  C.  Luse,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 
Mark  Pitman,  Beverly,  Mass. 
A.  M.  Halstead,  Rye,  N.  Y. 


GROUP  XXXV.-POULTRY. 

Charles  H.  Crosby,  Danbury,  Conn. 
W.  F.  Rogers,  Doylestown,  Pa. 
John  Aldous,  Ontario,  Canada. 


GROUP  XXXVI.— POMOLOGY. 


George  L.  Davenport,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Parker  Earle,  Cobden,  III. 

S.  T.  Suit,  Silver  Hill,  Prince  George  County,  Md. 

Hon.  J.  Yellowley,  Canton,  Miss. 

M.  Martin,  Chattahoochee,  Fla. 

Suel  Foster,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 

T.  T.  Lyon,  South  Haven,  Mich. 


Josiah  Hoopes,  West  Chester,  Pa. 
W.  L.  Schaffer,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
William  Parry,  Cinnaminson,  N.  J. 
A.  W.  Harrison,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Thomas  Meetan,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Edward  Satterthwait,  Jenkintown,  Pa. 


GROUP  XXXVII.— STATE  AND   COLLECTIVE  EXHIBITS. 


C.  J.  Dannfeldt,  Sweden. 

E.  Oldendorff,  Argentine  Republic. 

T.  W.  Talmadge,  Columbus,  Ohio. 


J.  A.  Johnson,  California. 

T.  E.  Sickles,  Kennett  Square,  Pa. 


GROUP   ON   APPEALS. 


John  Fritz,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Charles  Staples,  Jr.,  Portland,  Me. 
Prof.  S.  F.  Baird,  Washington,  D.  C. 
B.  F/Britton,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Prof.  H.  H.  Smith,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


W.  Wilkins,  Oregon. 
H.  K.  Oliver,  Salem,  Mass. 
Ccleman  Sellers,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
James  L.  Claghorn,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Edward  Conley,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


APPENDIX  B.  8 

[No.  215.]          Official 

THE  NATIONAL  COMMEMORATION,  JULY  4,  1876. 

The  ceremonies  to  be  observed,  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission,  in  commemoration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  of  the  United  States,  will  take  place  in  Independence  Square,  Philadelphia, 
July  4,  beginning  at  10  A.M.,  or  soon  thereafter,  upon  the  conclusion  of  the  military  review. 

The  following  order  will  be  observed  : 

I. — Grand  Overture,  "The  Great  Republic,"  founded  on  the  National  Air  "Hail  Colum- 
bia," and  arranged  for  the  occasion  by  the  composer,  George  F.  Bristow,  of  New 
York.  Orchestra — P.  S.  Gilmore,  Director. 

2. — The  President  of  the  Commission  will  call  the  assembly  to  order,  and  announce  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  Vice-President,  as  the  pre- 
siding officer  of  the  day. 

3. — Prayer,  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Wm.  B.  Stevens,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Pennsylvania. 
4. — Hymn,  "  Welcome  to  all  Nations."     Words  by  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  of  Massa- 
chusetts.    Music,  "  Keller's  Hymn."     Orchestra  and  Chorus. 

5. — Reading  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  by  Richard  Henry  Lee,  of  Virginia. 
The  original  manuscript  will  be  brought  forward  for  the  purpose  by  his  Honor  the 
Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  to  whose  care  it  has  been  intrusted  by  the  President  pf  the 
United  States. 

6. — "  Greeting  from  Brazil,"  a  Hymn  for  the  First  Centennial  of  American  Independence, 
composed  by  A.  Carlos  Gomes,  of  Brazil,  at  the  request  of  his  Majesty  Dom  Pedro 
II.,  Emperor  of  Brazil.     Orchestra. 
7. — Poem,  "  The  National  Ode,"  by  Bayard  Taylor,  of  Pennsylvania.     Introduced  by  the 

President  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 
8. — Grand  Triumphal  March,  with  Chorus,  "  Our  National  Banner."     Words  by  Dexter 

Smith,  of  Massachusetts ;  Music  by  Sir  Julius  Benedict,  of  England. 
9. — Oration,  by  William  M.  Evarts,  of  New  York. 

10. — Hallelujah  Chorus  from  Handel's  "  Messiah."     Orchestra  and  Chorus, 
ii. — Doxology,  "The  Old  Hundredth  Psalm,"  in  which  all  present  will  be  requested  to 
join. 

By  order  of  the  Commission, 

JOSEPH   R.  HAWLEY,  President. 
JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 


|  No.  226.  J 
UNITED   STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 

OFFICIAL   LIST  OF 
FOREIGN   COMMISSIONS 

ACCREDITED   TO  THE  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION  OF   1876,  PHILA- 
DELPHIA,  UNITED   STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


ARGENTINE   REPUBLIC. 


Ernesto  Oldendorff,  President,  New  York. 
Edward  Shippen,  Vice- President,  Philadel- 
phia. 
Carlos  Carranza,  New  York. 


Edward   T.    Davison,    Treasurer,   Consul- 
General,  New  York. 
Diego  de  Castro,  Secretary,  New  York. 
Deputy  Member, — E.  Mara  Davison. 


88  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  287$. 

Official  CENTRAL  COMMITTEE. 

Forms 


j876.  Eduardo  Olivera,  Buenos  Ayres. 

Onesimo  Leguizamon,  Buenos  Ayres. 
Diego  de  la  Fuente,  Buenos  Ayres. 
Lino  Palcois,  Buenos  Ayres. 


Ricardo  Newton,  Buenos  Ayres. 
Leonardo  Pereyra,  Buenos  Ayres. 
Jose  M.  Jurafdo,  Buenos  Ayres. 
Emilio  Duportal,  Buenos  Ayres. 


Julio  Victorica,  Secretary,  Buenos  Ayres. 

AUSTRIA. 
Rudolph  Isbary,  Member  of  the  Reichsrath,  Vice-President  of  the  Lower  Chamber  of  Com 

merce  and  Trade,  Chairman,  Vienna. 
Francis  Chevalier  de  Liebig,  Member  of  the  Reichsrath,  ist  Deputy  Chairman,  Reichen- 

berg. 
Michael    Matscheko,  Vice-President  of  the  Lower  Trade  Union,  2d  Deputy  Chairman, 

Vienna. 

MEMBERS. 

Otto  von  Bauer,  Proprietor  of  a  Manufactory,  Briinn. 
Eugene  Felix,  Chairman  of  the  Vienna  Corporation  of  Artists,  Vienna. 
Theo.  A.  Havemeyer,  Imperial  and  Royal  Austro-Hungarian  Consul -General,  New  York. 
Dr.  Emil  Hornig,  Imperial  and  Royal  Councillor  of  Government,  Chairman  of  the  Photo- 
graphic Society,  Vienna,  Vienna. 

Edward  Kanitz,  Member  of  the  Lower  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  Trade,  Vienna. 
Dr.  Francis  Migerka,  Imperial  and  Royal  Councillor  of  the  Ministry,  Vienna. 
Charles  von  Oberleithner,  Proprietor  of  Manufactory,  Mahrisch-Schonberg. 
Earest  Pontzen,  Civil  Engineer,  Vienna. 

Dr.  George  Chevalier  de  Thaa,  Imperial  and  Royal  Councillor  of  Department,  Vienna. 
Max  Hoenig,  Secretary  of  the  Commission,  Vienna. 

RESIDENT   COMMISSIONER. 

Dr.  Francis  Migerka,  Commissioner- General,  Philadelphia. 

ATTACHES. 


Dr.  Otto  Gross,  Representative  of  the  Vienna 
Corporation  of  Artists. 


W.  Sagel. 

Alfred  Eduard  Buck. 


Anton  Kuftner. 

AFRICA— ORANGE   FREE   STATE. 
Charles  W.  Riley,  Consul-General,  Philadelphia. 

BELGIUM. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Comte  de  Flandre,  Honorary  President. 

Baron  Gustave  de  Woelmont,  Senator,  President,  Brussels. 

Alexander  Robert,  Historical  Painter,  Member  of  the  Belgium  Academy  of  Fine  Arts, 

Letters  and  Sciences,  Vice-President,  Brussels. 
Ch.  de  Smet-de  Smet,  Manufacturer,  President  of  the  Industrial  and  Commercial  Society, 

Vice-President,  Ghent. 
J.  Clerfeyt,  Chief  of  Bureau,  Ministry  of  the  Interior,  Secretary  of  the  Upper  Council  of 

Industry  and  Commerce,  late  Secretary  of  the  Belgium  Commissions  and  Juries  of 

the  International  Exhibitions  of  Paris,  London,  and  Vienna,  Secretary,  Brussels. 
Alfred  Ancion,  Manufacturer  of  Arms,  Liege. 
Jean  Beco,  Mining  Engineer,  Brussels. 

A.  J.  Belpaire,  Inspector-General  of  Railways  and  Telegraphs,  Brussels. 
L.  de  Curte,  Architect,  Member  of  the  Royal  Commission  of  Monuments  and  Council  for 

the  Improvement  of  the  Arts  of  Design,  Brussels. 
Felix  Duhayon,  Lace  Manufacturer,  Judge  of  the  Tribunal  of  Commerce,  Brussels 


APPENDIX  B. 


89 


E.  Duisberg,  Director  of  the  Paper  Manufactories  of  Messrs.  Godin  &  Co.  at  Huy,  Huy. 

Jos.  Fayn,  Mining  Engineer,  Consul  of  the  Netherlands,  Liege. 

P.  F.  Ghys-Bruneel,  Lace  Manufacturer,  Grammont. 

Jules  Havenith,  Ship  Owner,  Consul  of  Austria-Hungary,  Antwerp. 

J.  Kindt,  Inspector-General  of  Industry,  Ministry  of  the  Interior,  Brussels. 

Eugene  Meeus,  Manufacturer,  Member  of  the  Chamber  of  Representatives,  Antwerp. 

Alph.  Morel,  Director  of  the  Glass  Works,  Lodelinsart,  Charleroi. 

Henri  Morel,  Flax  Manufacturer,  Gand. 

Remy  Paquot,  Director  of  the  Company  of  Bleyberg,  Montzen. 

Edm.  Parmentier,  Manufacturer,  Brussels. 

Ferdinand  Pauwels,  Historical  Painter,  Antwerp. 

Aug.  Ronnberg,  Director-General  of  Agriculture  and  Manufactures,  Ministry  of  the  Interior, 

Brussels. 

E.  Sadoine,  Director-General  of  the  Company  "  John  Cockerill,"  Seraing-lez-Liege. 
Tules  Sauveur,  Director-General  of  Public  Instruction,  Ministry  of  the  Interior,  Brussels. 
E.  E.  A.  Scharr,  Chief  Engineer,  Director  of  the  Arsenal  and  Railways  of  the  State,  Malines. 
Alfred  Simonis,  Cloth  Manufacturer,  Member  of  the  Chamber  of  Representatives,  Verviers. 

RESIDENT  COMMISSIONERS    IN   PHILADELPHIA. 

Count  d'Oultremont,  Brussels. 

Mr.  J.  Beco,  Special  Delegate,  Brussels. 

Mr.  J.  van  Bree,  Chief  of  Fine  Art  Department,  Brussels. 

Mr.  J.  Gody,  State-Architect,  Chief  of  the  Commissioners'  Office,  Brussels. 

BRAZIL. 

His  Highness  Gaston  d'Orleans,  Conde  d'Eu,  Marshal  of  the  Army,  President. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


Viscount  de  Jaguary,  ist  Vice- President. 
Viscount  de  Bonn-Retire,  2d  Vice- President. 


Viscount  de  Souza  Franco. 
Joaquin  Antonio  de  Azevedo. 


RESIDENT   COMMISSIONERS. 

His  Excellency  A.  P.  de  Carvalho  Borges,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary of  His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  Brazil,  President,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Mr.  Fellipe  Lopes  Netto,  Vice- President. 

Dr.  Jose  de  Saldanha. 

Dr.  Nicolas  Joaquim  Moreiro. 

Mr.  Pedro  Paes  Leme. 


Captain  Luiz  de  Saldanha,  Naval  Attache. 
Dr.  J.  M.  de  Silva  Coutinha. 
Mr.  B.  F.  Torreao  de  Barros,  Secretary  of 
Legation. 


Mr.  Arthur  Alvin,  Engineer. 
CHILI. 

RESIDENT   COMMISSIONERS. 

Sr.   Don  Adolfo  Ybanez,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Chili, 

Washington. 

Edward  Shippen,  Esq.,  Consul,  President,  Philadelphia. 
Dr.  J.  Patterson  Burd,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Philadelphia. 
Sr.  Francisco  Gonzalez  Errazuriz,  Secretary  Chilian  Legation,  Washington. 


Hon.  Jos.  P.  Root,  Washington. 
Sr.  Don  Eduardo  Seve. 
Sr.  Rafael  Masenlli. 


Sr.  E.  Guerra,  Engineer. 
Sr.  Louis  Buffe. 
Sr.  E.  Prieto. 
Sr.  A.  Lay  on. 


HOME  COMMISSION. 


Sr.  Rafael  Larrain,  President,  Santiago. 
Sr.  Maximiano  Errazuriz,  Santiago. 
Sr.  Ignacio  Domeyko,  Santiago. 


Sr.  Armando  Phillippi,  Santiago. 

Sr.  Francisco  Solano  Asta  Buruago,  Santiago. 

Sr.  Ramon  Barros,  Santiago. 


Sr.  Eugenio  Figueora,  Santiago. 


9o 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


CHINA. 


Robert  Hart,  Inspector-General  of  Imperial 

Maritime  Customs. 
G.  Detring,  Commissioner  of  Customs. 


E.  B.  Drew,  Commissioner  of  Customs. 

W.  Scott  Fitz. 

H.  Seymour  Geary. 


COMMISSIONERS  AT   PHILADELPHIA. 


James  H.  Hart,  Commissioner  of  Customs. 
Alfred  Huber,  Commissioner  of  Customs. 
J.  L.  Hammond,  Commissioner  of  Customs. 


F.  P.  Knight. 

W.   Noyes   Morehouse,  Imperial  Maritime 
Customs,  Secretary. 


DENMARK. 


Jacob  Holmblad,  Manufacturer,  President. 
Olaf  Hansen,  U.  S.  Consul-General,   Vice- 

President. 
Job.    Hansen,    Austrian     Consul-General, 

Treasurer. 

C.  C.  Burmeister,  Manufacturer. 
V.  Christensen,  Manufacturer. 


V.  Fieldskov,  Sculptor. 

Chas.  Hansen,  Manufacturer. 

Wm.  Hammer,  Artist. 

Thomas  Schmidt,  New  York. 

Frederick  Ferdinand  Myhlertz,  Royal  Dan 

ish  Vice-Consul,  Philadelphia. 
Th.  Green,  Secretary. 


EGYPT. 

His  Highness  Prince  Mohammed  Tawfic  Pacha,  President,  Cairo. 

His  Excellency  Raghib  Pacha,  Minister  of  Commerce,  Vice- President,  Cairo. 

H.  Brugsch  Bey,  Commissioner- General,  Cairo. 

COMMISSIONERS. 

General  Stone,  Cairo.  |    M.  Mahmoud  Bey,  Astronomer,  Cairo. 

M.  Mariette  Bey,  Director  of  the  Museum  of  Antiquities,  Cairo. 
M.  Gastinel  Bey,  Professor  in  the  Medical  School,  Cairo. 
M.  Rogers,  Director  in  the  Ministry  of  Public  Instruction,  Cairo. 
M.  Acton,  Chief  of  Division,  Ministry  of  Commerce,  Cairo. 
M.  Baudry,  Architect,  Cairo.  |   M.  Delchevalerie,  Attach^,  Cairo. 

RESIDENT  MEMBERS   IN  PHILADELPHIA. 
H.  Brugsch  Bey,  Commissioner- General,  Cairo. 
E.  Brugsch,  Chief  of  Transportation  and  Installation,  Cairo. 
A.  Behmer,  Attach^  Secretary,  Cairo. 
Edward  Ellis,  Secretary  and  Interpreter,  Cairo. 
M.  Daninos,  Attache^  Cairo. 

FRANCE. 

M.  M.  Ozenne,  Councillor  of  State,  Secretary-General  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and 

Commerce,  Commissioner-  General  of  International  Exhibitions. 

Du  Sommerard,  Director  of  the  Museums  of  Thermes  and  Cluny,  Commissioner- General  of 
International  Exhibitions. 

COMMITTEE. 

Organized  under  the  Presidency  of  the  Minister  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 
M.  Duclerc;  Vice-President  of  the  National  Assembly,  Member  of  the  Committee  on  Inter- 
national Exhibitions. 


Marquis  de  Talhouet,  Deputy. 
Baron  de  Soubeyran,  Deputy. 
Mr.  Wolowski,  Deputy. 
Marquis  de  Lafayette,  Deputy. 
M.  Bonnet,  Deputy. 
M.  Flotard,  Deputy. 


M.  Laboulaye,  Deputy. 
M.  Dietz-Monin,  Deputy. 
M.  Count  de  Bouille,  Deputy. 
Viscount  d'Haussonville,  Deputy. 
M.  de  Chabrol,  Deputy. 
M.  Jullien,  Deputy. 


APPENDIX  B. 


The  Secretary-General  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 

The  Director-General  of  Customs. 

The  Director  of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts. 

The  Director  of  Consulates  and  Commercial  Affairs  at  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

M.  Outrey,  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

M.  Du  Sommerard,  Director  of  the  Museum  of  Thermes  and  Cluny. 

The  Assistant-Director  of  Foreign  Commerce. 

The  President  of  the  Paris  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

M.  Guillaume,  Member  of  the  Institute. 

Marquis  de  Rochambeau.  M.  Sieber. 

Baron  Alphonse  de  Rothschild.  M.  Mame  (Alfred). 

M.  Laveissiere  (Jules),  Dealer  in  Metals. 

M.  Rolleaux  Dugage,  Delegate  Commissioner. 

M.  de  Fallois,  late  Chief  of  Bureau,  Ministry  of  Public  Works,  Assistant  Secretary. 

RESIDENT  COMMISSIONERS. 

Mr.  De  Laforest,  Consul-General  of  France,  Commissioner- General,  New  York. 
Mr.  Edmond  Breuil,  Acting  Commissioner-  General,  New  York. 
Mr.  Ravin  d'Elpeux,  Vice-Consul,  Philadelphia. 
Captain  Anfrye,  Military  Attache,  French  Legation,  Washington. 
Mr.  A.  Imbert-Gouzbeyre,  Secretary,  New  York. 
M.  Lavoinne,  Special  Delegate ;  Ministry  of  Public  Works. 

GERMAN   EMPIRE. 

Dr.  Jacobi,  Royal  Prussian  Actual  Privy-Superior-Government  Councillor  and  Ministerial 
Director,  President. 

Dr.  Stuve,  Royal  Prussian  Privy-Government  Councillor  and  Councillor  in  the  Ministry  of 
Commerce. 

Dr.  Wedding,  Royal  Prussian  Councillor  of  Mines. 

Mr.  Reither,  Royal  Bavarian  Councillor  of  Legation. 

Mr.  von  Nostitz-Walwitz,  Royal  Saxon  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Baron  von  Spitzemberg,  Royal  Wiirtemberg  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary. 

Dr.  Neidhardt,  Grand  Ducal  Hessian  Ministerial  Councillor. 

Mr.  Kauffman,  Royal  Prussian  Councillor  of  Commerce. 

Dr.  Kruger,  Hanseatic  Minister  Resident. 

Mr.  von  Holloben,  Royal  Prussian  Superior  Tribunal  Councillor. 

Mr.  Nieberding,  Counsellor  in  the  Office  of  the  Chancellor  of  the  Empire. 

Baron  von  Zedlitz,  Royal  Prussian  Provincial  Counsellor. 

Mr.  F.  Reuleaux,  Commissioner- General. 

RESIDENT  COMMISSIONERS. 

John  D.  Lankenau,  Esq.,  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Bartels,  Engineer  and  Architect,  Phila- 
Charles  H.  Meyer,  Esq.,  Consul,  Philadel-  delphia. 

phia.  Mr.  Kniffler,  Assistant  Engineer,  Philadel- 
Gustavus  Remak,  Esq.,  Philadelphia.  phia. 

Dr.  Fred.  Volck,  Baltimore. 

GREECE. 

Dr.  Botassis,  Special  Representative,  Consul-General,  New  York. 

GRAND  DUCHY  OF  LUXEMBOURG. 

F.  Berger,  Member  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  Delegate  Commissioner. 
Emile  Berger,  Secretary. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


92  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

HAWAIIAN    ISLANDS. 


1876.  Hon.  S.  G.  Wilder,  Minister  of  the  Interior, 

Honolulu. 


Hon.  J.  U.  Kawainui,  Honolulu. 
Elisha  H.  Allen,  Jr.,  New  York. 


H.  R.  Hitchcock,  Special  Agent,  Philadel- 
phia. 

Rev.  Samuel  C.  Daman. 
Mr.  William  Tufts  Brigham. 


Rev.  S.  E.  Bishop. 
ITALY. 


H.  E.  Baron  Blanc,  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary, Washington,  D.  C. 

Count  B.  Litta,  First  Secretary  of  Legation, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Chevalier  Alonzo  M.  Viti,  Vice-Consul,  Phil- 
adelphia. 


Joseph  Dassi,  President,  Resident  Commis 

sion,  Milan. 

N.  Cantalamessa  Papotti,  Rome. 
Pio  Baccarani,  Modena. 
G.  Vigna  del  Ferro,  Secretary,  Bologna. 
G.  Caroni,  Florence. 


A.  Padovani,  President  of  the  Central  Com-   |   Angelo  Gianelli,  Agent-General,  Canada. 


mittee,  Florence. 
C.  E.  Bolchini. 


C.  Albertoni,  Turin. 

Prof.  Vincenzo  Botta,  New  York. 


JAPANESE   EMPIRE. 

His  Excellency  Okubo  Toshimichi,  Minister  of  the  Interior  and  Privy  Councillor,  President. 
His  Excellency  Lieutenant-General  Saigo  Tsukumichi,  Imperial  Army,  Vice- President. 
Mr.  Kawase  Hideharu,  Vice-President  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry,  Commissioner- 
General. 

COMMISSIONERS. 

Mr.  Tanaka  Yoshio,  Ministry  of  the  Interior. 
Mr.  Sekizawa  Akekio,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Yamataka  Nobuakira,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Shioda  Masashi,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Suzuki  Toshinobu,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Sugiyama  Kadzunari,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Hidaka  Ziro,  Lieutenant  of  Imperial  Army. 

Dr.  G.  Wagener,  Foreign  Adviser  to  the  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Omori  Korenaka,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Ishiwara  Toyoyasu,  Bureau  of  Agriculture    nd  Industry. 
Mr.  Ishita  Tametake,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Yamao  Tsunetaro,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Kubo  Hiromichi,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Fukui  Makoto,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Shibata  Hiroshi,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Makiyama  Kohei,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Asami  Tchiuga,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Ishii  Yoshitaka,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Asahi  Susumu,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Yoshio  Nagamasa,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
Mr.  Sasase  Motoakira,  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Industry. 
HONORARY   COMMISSIONERS. 


Mr.   Utsunomiya    Saburo,   Department    of 


Public  Works. 


Mr.  Tokugawa  Akitake. 
Mr.  Komuchi  Tomotsune. 


Mr.  Fritz  Cunliffe  Owen. 


AGENTS. 

Mr.  Tomita  Tetsunosuke,  Vice-Consul  at  New  York. 
Mr.  Takaki  Saburo,  Vice-Consul  at  San  Francisco. 
Dr.  David  Murrey,  Agent  of  the  Department  of  Public  Education. 


APPENDIX  B. 


93 


Mr.  Yoshikawa  Nisuke. 
Mr.  Injiqji  Komichi. 
Mr.  Akusawa  Susumi. 
Mr.  Sanda  Tadashi. 
Mr.  Tawara  Wakichiro. 


ATTACHES. 

Mr.  Matsuo  Iheye. 
Mr.  Miyagi  Chiuzayemon. 
Mr.  Zasaka  Yosuke. 
Mr.  Asano  Manzo. 
Mr.  Matsuo  Gisuke. 
Mr.  Wakai  Kanesaburo. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


MEXICO. 

Manuel  M.  de  Zamacona,  President,  City  of  Mexico. 


Elenterio  Avila,  City  of  Mexico. 
Mariano  Barcena,  City  of  Mexico. 
Jesus   Leon    Calderon,   Secretary,  City  of 
Mexico. 


Fernando  Camacho,  City  of  Mexico. 
Plutarco  Ornelas,  City  of  Mexico. 
Arturo  Ibanez,  Engineer,  City  of  Mexico. 
Edith  Borzell,  Engineer,  City  of  Mexico. 


NETHERLANDS. 

Dr.  E.  H.  von  Baumhauer,  Honorary  Professor,  Member  of  the  Royal  Netherlands  Academy 
of  Sciences,  Secretary  of  the  Dutch  Society  of  Sciences,  Director  of  the  Society  for 
the  Advancement  of  Industry  in  the  Netherlands,  President,  Haarlem. 

Dr.  W.  G.  Baron  Brantsen  van  de  Zyp,  LL.D.,-Lord  in  Waiting  to  His  Majesty  the  King 
of  the  Netherlands,  Arnhem. 

R.  C.  Burlage,  Consul-General  of  the  Netherlands,  New  York. 

F.  de  Casembroot,  Bart.,  Rear  Admiral,  Aide-de-Camp  in  Extraordinary  Service  to  His 
Majesty  the  King  of  the  Netherlands,  and  Member  of  the  States  General,  Second 
Chamber,  The  Hague. 

A.  H.  Eigeman,  President  of  the  Society  of  Dutch  Industrials,  Leyden. 

Dr.  M.  W.  C.  Gori,  Doctor  of  Medicine,  late  Medical  Officer  of  the  Netherlands  Army, 
Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  Amsterdam. 

P.  Hartsen,  Chairman  of  the  Amsterdam  Board  of  Commerce,  Amsterdam. 

J.  E.  van  Heemskerck  van  Beest,  Bart.,  late  Officer  in  the  Royal  Navy,  The  Hague. 

Dr.  W.  T.  A.  Jonckbloet,  President  of  the  Committee  of  Superintendence  of  the  Academy 
of  Imitative  Arts  at  Amsterdam,  Member  of  the  States  General,  Second  Chamber, 
Amsterdam. 

D.  van  der  Kellen,  Jr.,  Member  of  the  Direction  of  the  Society  Arti  et  Amicitioe,  at  Am- 
sterdam, Director  of  the  National  Museum  for  History  and  Art,  Amsterdam. 

L.  C.  Van  Kerkwyk,  Retired  Lieutenant-Colonel  Corps  of  Engineers,  Member  of  the 
Council  of  Administration  of  the  Royal  Institution  of  Engineers,  The  Hague. 

H.  D.  Kruseman  van  Elten,  Painter,  New  York. 

M.  M.  de  Monchy,  President  of  the  Board  of  Commerce,  at  Rotterdam. 

Dr.  J.  Th.  Mouton,  Vice-President  of  the  Society  to  promote  Manufactures  and  Trade- 
Industry  in  the  Netherlands,  The  Hague. 

C.  Muysken,  Civil  Engineer  and  Architect,  Haarlem. 

C.  T.  van  der  Oudermeulen,  President  of  the  Dutch  Society  of  Agriculture,  The  Hague. 

L.  Westergaard,  Consul  of  the  Netherlands,  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  E.  M.  von  Baumhauer,  LL.D.,  Assistant  Secretary,  Haarlem. 

A.  A.  M.  Beretta,  Assistant  Architect,  The  Hague. 

B.  C.  von  Staphorst,  New  York. 


NORWAY. 


Herman  Baars,  Bergen. 


|  Wm.  C.  Christophersen,  Buenos  Ayres. 


Gerhard  Gade,  U.  S.  Consul,  Christiania. 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  2876. 


Official  PERU. 


Forms,  jos6  Carlos  Tracy,  President,  New  York. 


1876. 


Juan  Jose  Barril. 


Wm.  Runell  Grace. 

Antonia  Hernandez,  Chief  of  Installation. 


Enrique  Valiente,  Secretary. 

PORTUGAL. 

His  Excellency  Baron  de  Sant'  Anna,  Portuguese  Minister,  Royal  Commissioner,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

SPECIAL  COMMISSIONERS. 


M.  Jayme  Batalha  Reis,  Agricultural 
Section. 

M.  Lourenco  Malheiro,  Industrial  Section. 

Alfredo  Carlos  Lecocq,  Attache  Agricul- 
tural Section. 

Meni  Rodrigues  de  Vasconcelloa,  Attache. 


Caetano  Olympic  Rovere,  Attache. 
Antonio   Joze    Antunes    Navarro,   Attach^ 

Industrial  Section. 
Jorge  Candido  Berkley  Colter. 
Thomaz  Victor  Da  Costa  Sequeira. 
Walter  Donaldson,  Secretary. 


RUSSIA 
Alexandre  Boutowski,  Privy  Councillor,  Director  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and 

Manufactures,  President. 

Dmitri  Kobeko,  Privy  Councillor,  Chief  of  Cabinet,  Ministry  of  Finance. 
Nicolas  Yermakoff,  Actual  Councillor  of  State,  Vice-Director  the  Department  of  Commerce 

and  Manufactures. 

Charles  de  Bielsky,  Actual  Councillor  of  State,  Commissioner- General. 
lean  Wischnegradsky,  Actual  Councillor  of  State,  Director  of  the  Technological  Institute 

of  St.  Petersburg. 

Michel  Podobedoff,  Actual  Councillor  of  State,  Ministry  of  Finance. 
Alexis  Behr,  Actual  Councillor  of  State,  Ministry  of  Finance. 

Nicolas  Iljine,  Councillor  of  State,  Professor  in  Technological  Institute  of  St.  Petersburg. 
Dimitri  Timiriasef,  Councillor  of  State,  Ministry  of  Finance. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  AT  PHILADELPHIA. 

Charles  de  Bielsky,  Actual  Councillor  of  State,  Commissioner-  General. 
Baron  Gustav  Nolcken,  Delegate,  Ministry  of  Finance. 
Emile  de  Lerche,  Delegate,  Ministry  of  Finance. 
Alexandre  Goldechen,  Delegate,  Ministry  of  Finance. 
Charles  Breckman,  Delegate,  Ministry  of  Finance. 
Leon  Warschawsky,  Delegate,  Ministry  of  Finance. 
Alexander  Pletneff,  Delegate,  Ministry  of  Finance. 
Pierre  Orloff,  Secretary. 

Modest  Kittary,  Delegate  of  the  Ministry  of  War,  Privy  Councillor. 
John  Heardt,  Delegate  of  the  Ministry  of  War. 
Dr.  Wyvodzeff,  Delegate  of  the  Ministry  of  War. 
Captain  von  der  Hoven,  Delegate  of  the  Ministry  of  War. 
Captain  L.  Semetshken,  Delegate  of  the  Ministry  of  the  Navy. 
Mr.  Kadleshoff,  Delegate  of  the  Ministry  of  Domains. 
Charles  Schoeneich,  Engineer,  Inspector  of  the  Russian  Section. 
L.  Nicholsky. 
Baron  Heking. 
L.  Poliakoff. 
Alexander  Dobronitzky. 
Alexander  Helmholtz. 
Bazil  Timiriazeff. 
Otto  Kitzing,  Special  Secretary 
Ernest  Pelletier,  Attache. 


APPENDIX  B. 


95 


SPAIN.  Official 

Colonel  F.  Lopez  Fabra,  Royal  Commissioner- General.  lg  6 

Colonel  Juan  J.  Marin,  Engineer  Corps  Spanish  Army. 

Don  Enrique  Brotons,  Secretary. 

Don  Alvaro  de  la  Gandara,  Director  of  the  Industrial  Department. 

Count  del  Donadio,  Director  of  the  Department  of  Fine  Arts. 

Don  Jose  Jordana  y  Morera,  Director  of  the  Agricultural  Department. 

Don  Juan  Morphy,  Consul-General  of  Spain,  Philadelphia. 

Don  Julian  a  Principe,  Vice-Consul,  Attache. 

Don  Miguel  Gonzalez,  Attache. 

Don  Jose  Fonrodona,  Attache. 

CHIEFS  OF  BUREAUS. 
Don  Alfredo  Escobar.  |  Don  Enrique  Borrell. 

CHIEFS   OF   INSTALLATION. 

Don  Bernardo  Forzano.  |  Don  Francisco  Forzano. 

Don  Francisco  Parody,  Interpreter. 

SWEDEN. 
P.  A.  Bergstrom,  late  Minister  of  Interior,  President  of  Board  of  Domains,  President^ 

Stockholm. 

C.  O.  Troilius,  Director-General  of  Government  Railways,  Vice- President,  Stockholm. 
F.  L.  von  Dardel,  Director-General  of  Board  of  Public  Buildings,  Stockholm. 
Ch.  Dickson,  M.D.,  Goteborg. 
A.  H.  E.  Fock,  Baron,  Chief  of  Board  of  Controls,  Stockholm 

F.  W.  Scholander,  Professor,  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  Stockholm. 
C.  L.  Lundstrom,  Manufacturer,  Stockholm. 

N.  H.  Elfving,  U.  S.  Consul,  Stockholm. 

S.  Stenberg,  Professor,  Carolinian  Medico-Chirurgical  Institute,  Stockholm. 
A.  R.  Akerman,  Professor,  School  of  Mines,  Stockholm. 
J.  Bolindar,  Manufacturer,  Stockholm. 
J.  Lenning,  Manufacturer,  Norrkoping. 
C.  F.  Lundstrom,  Manufacturer,  Goteborg. 
Cl.  G.  Breitholtz,  Colonel  of  Artillery,  Stockholm. 
K.  Peyron,  Captain  in  the  Navy,  Chamberlain,  Stockholm. 
E.  Widmark,  Chief  of  the  Board  of  Public  Education. 
H.  Widegren,  Superintendent  of  Fisheries,  Stockholm. 
P.  E.  Sidenbladh,  Secretary  of  the  Central  Board  of  Statistics,  Stockholm. 
V.  Norman,  Captain  of  Engineers,  Secretary,  Stockholm. 
/ 

COMMISSION   IN   PHILADELPHIA. 

C.  Juhlin-Dannfelt,  Commissioner- General,  Stockholm. 

Charles  Bildt,  Chamberlain,  Assistant  Commissioner,  Philadelphia. 

L.  Westergaard,  Consul,  Assistant  Commissioner,  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  J.  Lindahl,  Secretary,  Lund. 

Dr.  Wm.  P.  Headden,  Assistant  Secretary,  Philadelphia. 

W.  Hoffstedt,  Engineer,  Secretary  of  the  Judges,  Stockholm. 

M.  Isseus,  Architect,  Stockholm. 

Count  Fr.  Posse,  Superintendent  of  the  Machinery  Department,  Stockholm 

SPECIAL  COMMISSIONERS. 

G.  W.  Bergman,  Captain  of  Artillery,  Army  Department,  Stockholm. 
E.  Brusewitz,  Engineer,  Metallurgical  Department,  Stockholm. 


yfr  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  2876. 

Official  Baron  O.  Hermelin,  Fine  Art  Department,  Stockholm. 

Forms,  ^  £  Jacobi,  Engineer,  Machinery  Department,  Stockholm. 

C.  J.  Meijerberg,  Professor  Educational  Department,  Stockholm. 

Dr.  H.  A.  W.  Lindehn,  Stockholm. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Dr.  Schenk,  Member  of   Federal  Council,  Chief  of  the  Department   of  Railways  and 

Commerce,  President. 

Mr.  John  Hitz,  Consul-General  of  Switzerland,  Washington. 
Mr.  R.  Koradi,  Consul,  Resident  Commissioner,  Philadelphia. 
Mr.  W.  Itchner,  Vice-Consul,  Philadelphia. 
Dr.  Adolph  Hirsch,  Director  of  the  Observatory,  Neuchatel. 
Mr.  Paur-Usteri,  Engineer,  Zurich. 
Mr.  Salvisberg,  Architect,  Berne. 
Dr.  Emile  Schumacher,  Luzern. 

Colonel  Siegfried,  Chief  of  Bureau  of  the  General  Staff. 
Mr.  Steinmann-Bucher,  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  Commerce,  Zurich. 
-    Dr.  Fr.  de  Tschudi,  Councillor  of  State,  St.  Gall. 

Dr.  WilH,  Secretary  Federal  Department  of  Commerce,  Secretary,  Berne. 

RESIDENT   COMMISSION    IN    SWITZERLAND. 

Colonel  H.  Rieter,  Commissioner-General,  Winterthur. 

RESIDENT   COMMISSIONERS    IN    PHILADELPHIA. 

Mr.  Edward  Guyer,  Federal  Commissioner 


for  Philadelphia,  Zurich. 
Theodore  Gribi,  Neuchatel. 


Mr.  John  E.  Icely,  Engineer,  Basle. 
Mr.  Joseph  Beeler,  Secretary,  Weesen. 
Ernest  Eugster,  Textile  Industries,  Speicher. 


TUNIS. 
His  Excellency  Sidi  Heussein,  General  of  Division,  Minister  of  Instruction  and  Public 

Works,  President. 
G.  H.  Heap,  Esq.,  Resident  Commissioner. 

TURKEY. 

His  Excellency  G.  d'Aristarchi  Bey,  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  President,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Baltazzi  Effendi,  First  Secretary  of  Legation,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Rustem  Effendi,  Second  Secretary  of  Legation,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Count  Delia  Sala. 

Mr.  Edward  Sherer,  Acting  Consul,  New  York. 

Mr.  Auguste  Giese,  Honorary  Member,  New  York. 

UNITED   KINGDOM   AND   COLONIES. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Richmond  and  Gordon,  K.G.,  Lord  President  of  the  Council. 
The  Right  Hon.  Viscount  Sandon,  M.P.,  Vice-President  of  the  Committee  of  Council  on 
Education. 

SPECIAL  COMMISSIONER  TO   REPRESENT   GREAT   BRITAIN   AT   OPENING  CEREMONIAL. 
The  Right  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Thornton,  K.C.B.,  Her  Britannic  Majesty's  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  Washington. 

JOINT  EXECUTIVE  COMMISSIONERS. 
Colonel  Herbert  B.  Sandford,  R.A.  |     Prof.  Thos.  C.  Archer,  F.R.S.F 


APPENDIX  B. 


97 


HONORARY  COMMISSIONERS.  Official 

Charles  E.  K.  Kortright,  Esq.,  Her  Britannic  Majesty's  Consul  for  Pennsylvania,  Philadel- 
phia. 

A.  J.  Drexel,  Esq.,  Philadelphia. 
Geo.  W.  Childs,  Esq.,  Philadelphia. 

A.  J.  R.  Trendell,  Esq.,  Secretary,  and  Official  Delegate  to  British  Judges. 

EXECUTIVE  STAFF. 

Thomas  A.  Wright,  Superintendent  Industrial  Space. 
John  Anderson,  LL.D.,  Superintendent  General  Machinery. 
J.  M.  Jopling,  Superintendent  Fine  Arts. 

B.  T.  Brandreth  Gibbs,  Superintendent  Agriculture  and  Horticulture. 
J.  H.  Cundall,  Assistant  General  Superintendent  and  Engineer. 

Hugh  Willoughby  Sweny,  Assistant  Superintendent  Catalogue,  and  Official  Publications. 

Frederick  J.  Hodgkinson,  Financial  Clerk. 

Ernest  Charrington,  Attache. 

J.  M.  Brett,  in  charge  India  Section. 

BAHAMAS. 
Dr.  Edw.  T.  Webb,  Philadelphia.  |    Hon.  T.  Darling. 

BERMUDA. 

His  Honor  Thomas  L.  Wood,  Chief  Justice,  President. 
Hon.  Henry  Fowler,  Receiver-General. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Bland,  R.E. 

James  Tucker,  Esq.,  Colonial  Secretary,  Honorary  Secretary. 
Captain  Lockhart,  R.A.,  A.D.C. 

ASSISTANT  COMMISSIONERS. 


Major  Wilkinson. 

A.  H.  Frazer  Lefroy,  Esq. 

W.  S.  Barr,  Esq. 


H.  J.  Hinson,  Esq.,  M.D. 
J.  B.  Heyl,  Esq. 
C.  C.  Keane,  Esq. 


RESIDENT   COMMISSIONER. 

A.  A.  Outerbridge,  Esq.,  Philadelphia. 

BRITISH   GUIANA. 
A.  E.  Outerbridge,  Esq.,  Philadelphia. 

CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE. 
H.  Crawford  Coates,  Esq.,  Executive  Commissioner,  Philadelphia. 

CANADA. 
Senator  Luc  Letellier  de  St.  Just,  Minister  of  Agriculture  of  Canada,  President,  Ottawa. 

HONORARY  COMMISSIONERS. 

Hon.  S.  C.  Wood,  Provincial  Treasurer,  Ontario. 
Hon.  P.  A.  Garneau,  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Quebec. 
Hon.  P.  Carteret  Hill,  Provincial  Secretary,  Nova  Scotia. 
Hon.  J.  J.  Fraser,  Provincial  Treasurer,  New  Brunswick. 
Hon.  L.  C.  Owen,  Attorney-General,  Prince  Edward  Island. 
Hon.  W.  J.  Armstrong,  Minister  of  Agriculture,  British  Columbia. 
Hon.  Mr.  Nolin,  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Manitoba. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMISSIONERS. 

Hon.  E.  G.  Penny,  Senator,  Quebec. 


Hon.  R.  D.  Wilmot,  Senator,  New  Bruns- 
wick. 


D.  Macdougall,  Esq.,  Berlin,  Ontario. 
J.  Perrault,  Esq.,  Secretary,  Ottawa. 


7 


95 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  i87t,, 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


JAMAICA. 
Wm.  Robert  Thomson,  Esq.,  Kingston. 

NEW  SOUTH   WALES. 

His  Honor  Sir  James  Martin  Knight,  Chief  Justice,  President. 
The  Hon.  John  Hay,  President  of  the  Legislative  Council,  Vice- President. 
The  Hon.  George  Wigram  Allen,  Speaker  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  Vice- President. 
The  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Deas-Thomson,  C.B.,  K.C.M.G.,  M.L.C.,  Vice- President. 

COMMISSIONERS. 


The  Rev.  Chas.  Badham,  D.D. 

Samuel  Bennett,  Esq. 

James  Byrnes,  Esq. 

R.  W.  Cameron,  Esq. 

The  Hon.  G.  H.  Cox,  M.L.C. 

J.  R.  Fairfax,  Esq. 

Andrew  Garren,  Esq.,  LL.D. 

The  Hon.  S.  D.  Gordon,  M.L.C. 

Henry  Halloran,  Esq. 

Edw.  S.  Hill,  Esq.,  J.P. 

The  Hon.  Thomas  Holt,  M.L.C. 

P.  A.  Jenning,  Esq. 

G.  W.  Lord,  Esq.,  M.P. 

The  Hon.  Sir  Wm.  Macarthur,  Knt.,  M.L.C. 

William  Macleay,  Esq.,  F.L.S. 

T.  S.  Mort,  Esq. 

Benjamin  Palmer,  Esq.,  Mayor  of  Sydney. 

Commander  Thomas  Stackhouse,  R.N. 

Alexander  Stuart,  Esq.,  M.P. 

George  Thornton,  Esq.,  J.P. 

William  Wallis,  Esq. 

James  Watson,  Esq.,  M.P. 

The  Hon.  J.  B.  Watt,  M.L.C. 

Fitz-William  Wentworth,  Esq. 

John  Williams,  Esq. 

W.  C.  Windeyer,  Esq. 

Robert  Wisdom,  Esq.,  M.P. 


John  Woods,  Esq. 

William  Wolfen,  Esq. 

Philip  Francis  Adams,  Esq. 

P.  F.  Adams,  Esq. 

Robert  Adams,  Esq. 

John  Belisario,  Esq. 

Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke,  M.A. 

The  Hon.  Edward  King  Cox,  M.L.C. 

Edward  Flood,  Esq. 

Edward  Knox,  Esq. 

Archibald  Leversidge,  Esq. 

John  Living,  Esq. 

The  Hon.  J.  L.  Montefiore,  M.L.C. 

Professor  Swersedge. 

James  Powell,  Esq. 

Charles  Moore,  Esq. 

James  Norton,  Esq. 

Christopher  Rolleston,  Esq. 

Archibald  Thompson,  Esq. 

H.  C.  Russell,  Esq. 

P.  N.  Trebeck,  Esq. 

The  Hon.  James  White,  M.L.C. 

Charles  Smith  Wilkinson,  Esq. 

James  Newton,  Esq. 

Mr.  Julian  Salomons. 

Mr.  John  Badgeiy. 

Joseph  Thompson,  Esq. 


RESIDENT   COMMISSIONERS. 


Augustus  Morris,  Esq.,  Executive  Commis- 
sioner, New  York. 

Marshall  Burdekin,  Esq.,  Sydney. 

Roderick  William  Cameron,  Esq.,  New 
York. 

Sir  Daniel  Cooper,  Baronet,  London. 

Edward  Flood,  Esq.,  Sydney. 

Dr.  R.  W.  Forbes,  New  York. 

Patrick  Alfred  Jennings,  Esq.,  Sydney. 

The  Hon.  Jacob  Levi  Montefiore,  Member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  of  New  South 
Wales,  Sydney. 


George  Oakes,  Esq.,  Sydney. 

Jose'ph  James  Phelps,  Member  of  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  of  New  South  Wales, 
Sydney. 

George  Russell,  Esq.,  Scotland. 

The  Hon.  James  White,  Member  of  the  Leg- 
islative Council  of  New  South  Wales, 
Sydney. 

Andrew  Garran,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  Sydney. 

William  Morris,  Esq. 

Christopher  Rolleston,  Esq. 

A.  D.  Shepard,  Esq.,  Adelong. 


Charles  Robinson,  Secretary. 


APPENDIX  B. 


99 


NEW   ZEALAND. 

The  Hon.  Walter  Baldok  Durant  Mantell,  M.L.C.,  Chairman. 

The  Hon.  William  Gisborne.  |  William  Hort  Levin,  Esq. 

Daniel  Mclntyre,  Esq.,  Consular  Agent  of  the  United  States  Government  at  Wellington. 

James  Hector,  Esq.,  C.M.G.,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  Special  Commissioner. 

Arthur  Thomas  Bothamley,  Secretary. 


Official 
Forms, 
1876. 


Angus  Mackay,  Esq. 
P.  A.  Jennings,  Esq. 
W.  B.  Tooth,  Esq. 


QUEENSLAND. 

W.  Hill,  Esq. 
W.  R.  Gordon,  Esq. 
C.  Strager,  Esq. 
T.  Stoman,  Esq. 

SOUTH  AUSTRALIA  (Adelaide). 


His  Excellency  Sir  Anthony  Musgrave,  Esq.,  C.M.G.,  Chairman. 
The  Hon.  W.  Everard,  Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands. 
The  Hon.  H.  E.  Bright,  M.L.C.,  J.P.,  Commissioner  of  Public  Works. 
The  Hon.  John  Crozier,  M.L.C.,  J.P. 
The  Hon.  Wentwood  Cavanagh,  Esq.,  M.P 
Josiah  Boothly,  Esq.,  J.P. 
E.  W.  Andrew,  Esq.,  J.P. 
S.  Davenport,  Esq.,  J.P.,  Special  Commis- 
sioner. 

Joseph  Crompton,  Esq.,  J.P. 
George  McEwen,  Esq.,  J.P. 
Dr.  Schomburgh,  D.P.,  J.P. 
Caleb  Peacock,  Esq.,  J.P. 
R.  D.  Ross,  Esq.,  M.P.,  J.P. 


J.P. 

E.  S.  Smith,  Esq.,  M.P.,  J.P. 
Water  Hackel,  Esq. 

I.  A.  Holden,  Esq.,  J.P. 
S.  V.  Pozy,  Esq. 

C.  J.  Coates,  Esq.,  Commissioner  and  Hon- 
orary Secretary. 

F.  G.'  Waterhouse,  Esq. 

W.  A.  E.  West  Erskine,  Esq. 


TASMANIA. 


H.  P.  Welch,  Esq.,  Commissioner. 


|   P.  A.  Jennings,  Esq. 


VICTORIA. 


Sir  Redmond  Barry,  Acting  Chief  Justice  of 

The  Hon.  J.  J.  Casey,  M.P. 

The  Hon.  J.  F.  Sullivan,  M.P. 

The  Hon.  C.  J.  Jenner,  M.L.C. 

The  Hon.  Jas.  Munro,  M.P. 

J.  Mcllwraith,  Esq. 

L.  J.  Sherrard,  Esq. 

Count  de  Castlenau. 

The  Hon.  S.  H.  Bindon. 

Jas.  Bosisto,  Esq.,  M.P. 

Jas.  Gatehouse,  Esq.,  Mayor  of  Melbourne. 


the  Supreme  Court,  President. 
J.  I.  Bleasdale,  D.D. 

The  Hon.  Sir  John  O'Shanassy,  K.C.M.G. 
The  Hon.  Sir  James  McCulloch,  M.P. 
The   Hon.   John  Alexander    Macpherson, 

M.P. 

The  Hon.  John  Thomas  Smith,  M.P 
Leslie  James  Sherrard,  Esq. 
John  Danks,  Esq. 
John  Mclntyre,  Esq. 
George  Collins  Levey,  Esq.,  Secretary. 


VENEZUELA. 

Mr.  Leon  de  la  Cova,  Consul,  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  Adolphus  Ernst,  Professor  University  at  Caracas. 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

JOS.  R.  HAWLEY,  President. 

JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 


100  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

Official  [No.  240.] 

Forms.  TO  THE  EDITORS  OF  NEWSPAPERS. 

1876-77. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY,  PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 

To  THE  EDITOR  OF. 

DEAR  SIR, — Please  accept  my  thanks  for  your  kindness  in  supplying  the  Commission 
with  your  valuable  paper  during  the  continuance  of  the  Exhibition.  As  the  work  is  now 
drawing  to  a  close,  we  shall  have  no  further  need  to  avail  ourselves  of  your  courtesy. 

Yours  respectfully, 

JOHN  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 


[No.  841.] 
CIRCULAR  LETTER  TO  EXHIBITORS  RECEIVING  AWARDS. 

PHILADELPHIA, 1877. 


SIR, — The  inclosed  is  a  certified  copy  of  the  Report  of  the  Judges  as  accepted  by  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  in  conformity  with  which  an  award  was  de- 
creed to  you. 

You  will  be  notified  when  the  Diploma  and  Medal  are  ready  for  delivery. 
Please  acknowledge  receipt  of  this  report. 

Yours  respectfully, 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 


APPENDIX  C.  10 1 


APPENDIX  C. 


LEGISLATIVE   AND   EXECUTIVE   ACTION   OF  THE   GOVERN-  Government 
MENT   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  action- 


ACT  OF  CONGRESS  CREATING  THE  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION. 

Approved  March  3,  1871. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independ- 
ence, by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  A^ts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of 
the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

Whereas,  The  Declaration  of  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  was 
prepared,  signed,  and  promulgated  in  the  year  seventeen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia;  and  whereas,  it  behoves  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  celebrate, 
by  appropriate  ceremonies,  the  Centennial  anniversary  of  this  memorable  and  decisive 
event,  which  constituted  the  fourth  day  of  July,  Anno  Domini  seventeen  hundred  and 
seventy-six,  the  birthday  of  the  nation ;  and  whereas,  it  is  deemed  fitting  that  the  comple- 
tion of  the  first  century  of  our  national  existence  shall  be  commemorated  by  an  Exhibition 
of  the  natural  resources  of  the  country  and  their  development,  and  of  its  progress  in  those 
arts  which  benefit  mankind,  in  comparison  with  those  of  older  nations ;  and  whereas,  no 
place  is  so  appropriate  for  such  an  Exhibition  as  the  city  in  which  occurred  the  event  it  is 
designed  to  commemorate;  and  whereas,  as  the  Exhibition  should  be  a  National  Celebra- 
tion, in  which  the  people  of  the  whole  country  should  participate,  it  should  have  the  sanc- 
tion of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States ;  therefore, 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
Slates  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  an  Exhibition  of  American  and  Foreign 
Arts,  Products,  and  Manufactures  sha1!  be  held,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

SEC.  2.  That  a  Commission,  to  consist  of  not  more  than  one  delegate  from  each  State 
and  from  each  Territory  of  the  United  States,  whose  functions  shall  continue  until  the  close 
of  the  Exhibition,  shall  be  constituted,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  prepare  and  superintend 
the  execution  of  a  plan  for  holding  the  Exhibition ;  and,  after  conference  with  the  authori- 
ties of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  to  fix  upon  a  suitable  site  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the 
said  city  where  the  Exhibition  shall  be  held. 

SEC.  3.  That  said  Commissioners  shall  be  appointed  within  one  year  from  the  passage 
of  this  Act  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  nomination  of  the  Governors  of 
the  States  and  Territories  respectively. 

SEC.  4.  That  in  the  same  manner  there  shall  be  appointed  one  Commissioner  from  each 
State  and  Territory  of  the  United  States,  who  shall  assume  the  place  and  perform  the  duties 
of  such  Commissioner  and  Commissioners  as  may  be  unable  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the 
Commission. 

SEC.  5.  That  the  Commission  shall  hold  its  meetings  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and 
that  a  majority  of  its  members  shall  have  full  power  to  make  all  needful  rules  for  its 
government. 


IO2  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government  SEC.  6.  That  the  Commission  shall  report  to  Congress,  at  the  first  session  after  its 

action.  appointment,  a  suitable  date  for  opening  and  for  closing  the  Exhibition ;  a  schedule  of 

appropriate  ceremonies  for  opening  and  dedicating  the  same ;  a  plan  or  plans  of  the  build- 
ings; a  complete  plan  for  the  reception  and  classification  of  articles  intended  for  exhibition; 
the  requisite  custom-house  regulations  for  the  introduction  into  this  country  of  the  articles 
from  foreign  countries  intended  for  exhibition;  and  such  other  matters  as  in  their  judgment 
may  be  important. 

SEC.  7.  That  no  compensation  for  services  shall  be  paid  to  the  Commissioners  or  other 
officers  provided  by  this  Act  from  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States;  and  the  United  States 
shall  not  be  liable  for  any  expenses  attending  such  Exhibition,  or  by  reason  of  the  same. 

SEC.  8.  That  whenever  the  President  shall  be  informed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania  that  provision  has  been  made  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings  for  the 
purpose,  and  for  the  exclusive  control  by  the  Commission  herein  provided  for  of  the  proposed 
Exhibition,  the  President  shall,  through  the  Department  of  State,  make  proclamation  of  the 
same,  setting  forth  the  time  at  which  the  Exhibition  will  open  and  the  place  at  which  it  will 
be  held;  and  he  shall  communicate  to  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  all  nations  copies  of 
the  same,  together  with  such  regulations  as  may  be  adopted  by  the  Commissioners,  for  publi- 
cation in  their  respective  countries. 

Approved  March  3,  1871. 


ACT  OF  CONGRESS  CREATING  THE  CENTENNIAL  BOARD  OF  FINANCE. 

Approved  June  I,  1872. 

AN  ACT  relative  to  the  Centennial  International  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  the  City  of 
Philadelphia,  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hrmdred  and  seventy-six. 
Whereas,  Congress  did  provide  by  an  Act  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for  the  celebra- 
ting the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an  Interna- 
tional Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of 
Philadelphia,  and  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six," 
approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  for  the  appointment  of  Commis- 
sioners to  promote  and  control  the  Exhibition  of  the  national  resources  and  their  develop- 
ment, and  the  nation's  progress  in  arts  which  benefit  mankind,  and  to  suggest  and  direct 
appropriate  ceremonies  by  which  the  people  of  the  United  States  may  commemorate  that 
memorable  and  decisive  event,  the  Declaration  of  American  Independence  by  the  Congress 
of  the  United  Colonies,  assembled  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  fourth  day  of  July, 
Anno  Domini  seventeen  hundred  and  seventy-six  ;  and  whereas,  such  provisions  should  be 
made  for  procuring  the  funds  requisite  for  the  purposes  aforesaid  as  will  enable  all  the 
people  of  the  United  States,  who  have  shared  the  common  blessings  resulting  from  national 
independence,  to  aid  in  the  preparation  and  conduct  of  said  International  Exhibition  and 
memorial  celebration  under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  United  States ; 
therefore, 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  there  is  hereby  created  a  body  corporate,  to  be  known 
by  the  name  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  and  by  that  name  to  have  an  incorporate 
existence  until  the  object  for  which  it  is  formed  shall  have  been  accomplished;  and  it  shall 
be  competent  to  sue  and  be  sued,  plead  and  be  impleaded,  defend  and  be  defended,  in  all 
courts  of  law  and  equity  in  the  United  States ;  and  may  make  and  have  a  corporate  seal, 
and  may  purchase,  take,  have,  and  hold,  and  may  grant,  sell,  and  at  pleasure  dispose  of  all 
such  real  and  personal  estate  as  may  be  required  in  carrying  into  effect  the  provisions  of 
an  Act  of  Congress,  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anni- 


APPENDIX  C. 

versary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts  and  Government 
Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  State  action- 
of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,"  approved  March  third, 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  and  all  Acts  supplementary  thereto;  and  said  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance  shall  consist  of  the  following-named  persons,  their  associates  and  suc- 
cessors, from  the  States  and  Territories  as  herein  set  forth : 

Alabama. — At  large:  Robert  M.  Patton,  John  W.  Darr,  William  H.  Barnes,  William 
Miller,  Edward  W.  Pettus,  Benjamin  S.  Turner.  First  District:  John  Hardy,  J.  M. 
Withers.  Second  District :  E.  R.  Mitchell,  Robert  W.  Healy.  Third  District :  Oceola  Kyle, 
Culen  A.  Battle.  Fourth  District:  Joseph  H.  Speed,  G.  W.  M.  Golson.  Fifth  District: 
William  H.  Forney,  Richard  W.  Walker.  Sixth  District:  William  H.  Campbell,  Charles 
Gibson.  For  additional  District:  Josiah  Morris,  E.  M.  Keils. 

Arizona. — Augustus  H.  Whiting,  Charles  H.  Lord. 

Arkansas. — At  large :  A.  P.  Bishop,  James  Torrens,  D.  C.  Casey,  George  R.  Weeks. 
First  District :  John  T.  Jones,  William  R.  Miller.  Second  District:  Henry  B.  Morse,  James 
W.  Mason.  Third  District:  Irving  W.  Fuller,  Samuel  W.  Williams.  For  additional  Dis- 
trict: H.  A.  Millen,  Joseph  Stanley. 

California. — At  large:  A.  S.  Hallidie,  Thomas  H.  Selby,  George  Oulton,  Nathan 
Coombs.  First  District :  William  C.  Ralston,  Milton  S.  Latham.  Second  District:  Leland 
Stanford,  Edgar  Mills.  Third  District:  L.  B.  Mizner,  John  J.  De  Haven.  For  additional 
District :  John  G.  Downey,  T.  Ellard  Beans. 

Colorado.— D.  H.  Moffat,  Jr.,  George  W.  Chilcott. 

Connecticut. — At  large:  James  G.  Batterson,  Benjamin  Douglas,  John  F.  Slater,  Orrin 
Benedict,  Eli  Whitney.  First  District:  Ward  Cheney,  Geo.  Maxwell.  Second  District: 
Charles  Parker,  Charles  Atwater.  Third  District:  John  Tracy,  Henry  P.  Haven.  Fourth 
District :  Nathaniel  Wheeler,  E.  Grove  Lawrence. 

Dakota. — M.  K.  Armstrong,  John  A.  Burbank. 

Delaware. — Henry  G.  Banning,  Nathaniel  Williams,  Joseph  P.  Comegys,  William 
Townsend,  J.  Turpin  Moore,  William  D.  Waples. 

District  of  Columbia. — Henry  D.  Cooke,  Alexander  R.  Shepherd. 

Florida.— At  large :  John  J.  Philbrick,  J.  W.  Maynarcl,  M.  L.  Stearns,  Philip  Walter, 
L.  G.  Dennis,  E.  M.  Cheney.  First  District :  F.  C.  Humphrey,  S.  Conant. 

Georgia. — At  large:  George  S.Owen,  B.  C.  Yancy,R.  M.  Stiles,  J.  O.  Waddell.  First 
District :  P.  M.  Nightingal,  William  J.  Young.  Second  District :  D.  B.  Harrell,  E.  G. 
Raiford.  Third  District:  H.  H.  Carey,  Samuel  Hunt.  Fourth  District:  James.  C.  Free- 
man, L.  N.  Whittle.  Fifth  District:  H.  R.  Casey,  Pope  Barrow.  Sixth  District:  J.  H. 
Nichols,  J.  B.  Charlton.  Seventh  District :  Thomas  C.  Howard,  J.  R.  Towers.  Eighth 
District :  James  Johnson,  Alexander  G.  Murray.  Ninth  District :  C.  D.  McCutchen,  Joseph 
H.  Wilkins. 

Idaho. — E.  A.  Stevenson,  James  H.  Slater. 

Illinois. — At  large :  A.  C.  Babcock,  James  H.  Bowen,  John  M.  Reynolds,  J.  M.  Greg- 
ory. First  District :  Thomas  B.  Bryan,  George  W.  Gage.  Second  District :  Henry  Green 
baum,  R.  T.  Crane.  Third  District:  Ezra  B.  McCagg,  Clark  W.  Upton.  Fourth  District: 
William  H.  Hawkins,  M.  L.  Joslyn.  Fifth  District:  John  H.  Addams,  George  M.  Hunt. 
Sixth  District:  W.  H.  Van  Epps,  E.  D.  Sweeney.  Seventh  District:  E.  L.  Waterman, 
James  C.  Kercheval.  Eighth  District:  Newberry  L.  Fort,  James  W.  Strevell.  Ninth 
District:  Horace  G.  Anderson,  Boothe  Nettleton.  Tenth  District :  George  W.  Hall,  James 
H.  Reed.  Eleventh  District:  James  W.  Singleton,  J.  M.  Bush.  Twelfth  District:  David 
A.  Brown,  John  Ricks.  Thirteenth  District :  George  W.  Funk,  A.  B.  Nicholson.  Four- 
teenth District:  W.  H.  Barnes,  David  Bailey.  Fifteenth  District:  James  Steele,  S.  W. 
Moulton.  Sixteenth  District:  Aaron  H.  H.  Rountree,  Charles  Hoiles.  Seventeenth  Dis- 
trict :  Ernst  Wider,  John  Irwin.  Eighteenth  District :  George  W.  Wall,  Daniel  W.  Munn. 
Nineteenth  District :  John  Landrigan,  Thomas  G.  Ridgeway. 


104  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government  Indiana. — At  large :  Franklin  Keyes,  William  J.  Ball,  Edwin  J.  Peck,  E.  B.  Martin- 

action.  dale>  gmitll  Vauter,John  Brownfield.      First  District:    Hamilton  Smith,  Charles  Viele 

Second  District :  Washington  C.  De  Pauw,  Jesse  J.  Brown.  Third  District :  Thomas  Gaff, 
James  B.  Foley.  Fourth  District:  George  C.  Clark,  Jesse  P.  Siddall.  Fifth  District: 
William  Wallace,  Theodore  R.  Haughey.  Sixth  District :  R.  W.  Thompson,  John  J.  Key. 
Seventh  District :  William  H.  Levering,  Henry  Y.  Morrison.  Eighth  District :  Herman 
E.  Sterne,  James  L.  Evans.  Ninth  District :  Jesse  L.  Williams,  David  Kilgore.  Tenth 
District :  John  B.  Howe,  David  Rippy.  Eleventh  District :  George  Milburn,  Sidney  Keith. 
For  additional  District :  John  W.  Grubbs,  Godlove  S.  Orth. 

Iowa. — At  large:  Samuel  Murdock,  L.  W.  Ross,  J.  M.  Shaffer,  F.  R.  West.  First  Dis- 
trict: James  Putnam,  Arthur  Bridgman.  Second  District:  Milo  Smith,  John  Helsinger. 
Third  District :  Benjamin  B.  Richards,  James  H.  Easton.  Fourth  District :  S.  H.  Curtis, 
J.  B.  Powers.  Fifth  District :  John  F.  Ely,  John  P.  Irish.  Sixth  District :  H.  S.  Wirtslow, 
H.  Tannehill.  Seventh  District:  B.  F.  Murray,  P.  Gad  Bryan.  Eighth  District:  William 
Hale,  Wayne  Stennitt.  Ninth  District :  E.  R.  Kirk,  N.  B.  Hyatt. 

Kansas.—  Orrin  T.  Welch,  Edward  Blair,  H.  W.  Gillett,  George  A.  Crawford,  Jacob 
Stotler,  William  A.  Phillips,  E.  P.  Purcell,  Charles  Robinson,  F.  G.  Adams,  James  De  Long. 

Kentucky. — At  large  :  Lucius  Desha,  Ignatius  Spaulding,  J.  Stoddard  Johnson,  William 
W.  Beckham.  First  District :  J.  C.  Gilbert,  F.  W.  Darby.  Second  District :  Lucius  P. 
Little,  W.  W.  Kendall.  Third  District :  John  Burnham,  A.  G.  Rhea.  Fourth  District : 
John  M.  Atherton,  James  Montgomery.  Fifth  District:  John  G.  Baxter,  R.  S.  Veech. 
Sixth  District :  James  B.  Casey,  Joseph  C.  Hughes.  Seventh  District :  Sanford  Lyne, 
Robert  Gayle.  Eighth  District :  Jayson  Walker,  Thomas  W.  Varnon.  Ninth  District : 
Joseph  Gardner,  A.  Daniel.  Tenth  District :  Thornton  F.  Marshall,  James  L.  Warring. 

Louisiana. — At  large :  Isaac  N.  Marks,  William  D.  Wylie,  C.  H.  Slocomb,  John  R. 
Clay,  Elbert  Gault,  Moses  H.  Crowell.  First  District :  Effingham  Lawrence,  C.  E.  Girardey. 
Second  District:  S.  H.  Kennedy,  A.  D.  Voisin.  Third  District:  A.  J.  Sypher,  B.  T. 
Beauregard.  Fourth  District :  George  Williamson,  A.  B.  Levisse.  Fifth  District :  A.  W. 
Merriam,  J.  Frank  Pargoud. 

Maine. — At  large :  Abner  Coburn,  Philander  J.  Carleton,  Henry  E.  Prentiss,  William 
L.  Putnam.  First  District:  Joshua  L.  Chamberlain,  William  P.  Haines.  Second  District: 
Josiah  G.  Coburn,  James  T.  Patten.  Third  District :  Anson  P.  Morrill,  Edmund  Wilson. 
Fourth  District :  George  W.  Ladd,  Charles  Shaw.  Fifth  District :  Charles  B.  Paine,  Charles 
B.  Hazeltine. 

Maryland. — At  large :  Daniel  R.  Magruder,  Henry  Tyson,  Ferdinand  C.  Latrobe, 
Thomas  A.  Spencer.  First  District :  Isaac  C.  W.  Powell,  James  N.  Dennis.  Second  Dis- 
trict :  Alexander  Evans,  Edward  Spencer.  Third  District :  James  A.  Henderson,  William 
M.  Marine.  Fourth  District:  P.  P.  Pendleton,  Enoch  Pratt.  Fifth  District:  Thomas 
Donaldson,  Eli  I.  Henkle.  Sixth  District :  J.  Alfred  Ritter,  R.  D.  Johnson. 

Massachtisetts. — At  large  :  Robert  C.  Winthrop,  Alexander  H.  Bullock,  William  Claflin, 
John  M.  Forbes.  First  District :  William  J.  Rotch,  J.  B.  D.  Cogswell.  Second  District  : 
Theodore  Dean,  Charles  H.  French.  Third  District :  Alexander  H.  Rice,  William  Lloyd 
Garrison.  Fourth  District :  Charles  L.  Wooclbury,  Rufus  S.  Frost.  Fifth  District :  Addi- 
son  Gilbert,  William  N.  Gushing.  Sixth  District :  Cyrus  Wakefield,  George  O.  Brastow. 
Seventh  District :  Daniel  S.  Richardson,  Leverett  Saltonstall.  Eighth  District :  P.  Emery 
Aldrich,  Daniel  Waldo  Lincoln.  Ninth  District :  H.  S.  Knight,  Charles  A.  Stevens. 
Tenth  District :  Ensign  H.  Kellogg,  Chester  W.  Chapin.  For  additional  District :  J.  Wiley 
Edmands,  Emory  Washburn. 

Michigan. — At  large :  D.  H.  Jerome,  F.  B.  Stockbridge,  Hezekiah  G.  Wells,  George 
Willard.  First  District :  Ben  Vernor,  George  F.  Bagley.  Second  District :  E.  O.  Gros- 
venor,  C.  H.  Miller.  Third  District:  Amos  Root,  Henry  C.  Lewis.  Fourth  District: 
Germain  H.  Mason,  F.  W.  Curteniu<=.  Fifth  District :  Hampton  Rich,  Charles  T.  Hill. 
Sixth  District:  W.  M.  McConnell,  E.  H.  Thomson.  Seventh  District:  John  Divine, 


APPENDIX  C.  I05 

Henry  Stephens.     Eighth  District :  Alfred  F.  R.  Braley,  James  Shearer.     Ninth  District :  Government 
Hiram  A.  Burt,  Perry  Hannah. 

Minnesota. — At  large :  H.  H.  Sibley,  Thomas  Foster,  Thomas  Simpson,  E.  A.  McMahon. 
First  District :  Sherman  Page,  H.  H.  Johnson.  Second  District :  Ignatius  Donnelly,  George 
W.  Batchelder.  Third  District :  Russel  Blakely,  Paris  Gibson. 

Mississippi. — At  large :  E.  G.  Peyton,  J.  F.  Simmons,  H.  R.  Pease,  Samuel  Young. 
First  District :  E.  C.  Gillenwaters,  Paul  Barrenger.  Second  District :  Marion  Campbell, 
S.  S.  Fairfield.  Third  District :  A.  P.  Huggins,  Robert  Gleed.  Fourth  District :  J.  A.  P. 
Campbell,  A.  Warner.  Fifth  District :  James  M.  McKee,  Charles  Caldwell.  Sixth  District : 
John  R.  Lynch,  John  D.  Moore. 

Missouri. — At  large:  Samuel  L.  Sawyer,  William  H.  Newland,  William  G.  Elliott, 
C.  F.  Lohman.  First  District :  Henry  Overstolz,  W.  H.  Stone.  Second  District :  Henry 
T.  Blow,  A.  Krieckhaus.  Third  District :  Ed.  Harrison,  A.  D.  Leach.  Fourth  District : 
N.  H.  Dale,  P.  S.  Sinclair.  Fifth  District :  Nelson  C.  Burch,  A.  D.  Jaynes.  Sixth  Dis- 
trict :  E.  H.  Norton,  Alexander  W.  Doniphan.  Seventh  District :  William  R.  Penick, 
Philip  A.  Thompson.  Eighth  District :  John  M.  Glover,  John  H.  Williams.  Ninth  Dis- 
trict :  William  A.  Alexander,  Charles  R.  Harden.  For  four  additional  Districts :  L.  J. 
Matthews,  Joseph  L.  Stephens,  J.  P.  Strother,  Thomas  D.  Neal,  Arthur  B.  Barrett,  James 
Shields,  Louis  V.  Bogy,  Samuel  Gaty. 

Montana. — Granville  Stuart,  Frank  Culver. 

Nebraska. — At  large :  John  I.  Redick,  J.  B.  Weston,  D.  Remick,  A.  J.  Cropsy.  First 
District:  E.  H.  Rogers,  Alvin  Saunders. 

Nevada. — At  large:  F.  A.  Fritle,  J.  W.  Haines,  C.  H.  Eastman,  Benjamin  H.  Meader. 
First  District:  Frank  Tilford,  S.  H.  Wright. 

New  Hampshire. — At  large :  Person  C.  Cheeney,  George  W.  Burleigh,  Dexter  Richards, 
David  Gillis.  First  District:  Albert  R.  Hatch,  Samuel  M.  Wheeler.  Second  District: 
James  A.  Weston,  George  T.  Sawyer.  Third  District:  Harry  Bingham,  Samuel  W.  Hale. 

New  Jersey. — At  large:  Joel  Parker,  Charles  S.  Olden,  Marcus  L.  Ward,  Theodore  F. 
Randolph.  First  District:  Thomas  H.  Whitney,  Thomas  R.  McKeen.  Second  District: 
Charles  Hewitt,  Gershom  Mott.  Third  District :  James  Bishop,  Amos  Clark,  Jr.  Fourth 
District:  William  Cowen,  Charles  Sitgreaves.  Fifth  District:  Louis  B.  Cobb,  Abram  S. 
Hewitt.  Sixth  District:  Thomas  B.  Peddie,  George  Peters.  Seventh  District:  Benjamin 
G.  Clark,  Aenas  Fitzpatrick. 

New  Mexico. — A.  P.  Sullivan,  C.  P.  Clever. 

New  York. — At  large:  George  Opclyke,  Andrew  D.  White,  Ira  Harris,  John  A.  King, 
Philo  Remington,  Perrin  H.  McGraw.  First  District:  Stephen  Taber,  Erastus  Brooks. 
Second  District:  Alexander  Cunningham,  William  P.  Libby.  Third  District:  Edward 
Rowe,  William  I.  Buddington.  Fourth  District :  Robert  Macoy,  George  Ricard.  Fifth 
District:  E.  J.  Shandly,  James  Hays.  Sixth  District:  John  A.  Hardenbergh,  Douglas 
Taylor.  Seventh  District:  Herman  Uhl,  Charles  E.  Loew.  Eighth  District:  Edward 
Cooper,  William  C.  Barrett.  Ninth  District:  Matthew  T.  Brennan,  Henry  W.  Genet. 
Tenth  District :  Saxton  Smith,  William  H.  Robertson.  Eleventh  District :  John  Conkling, 
James  W.  Taylor.  Twelfth  District :  John  P.  Adriance,  Charles  H.  Stott.  Thirteenth  Dis- 
trict: J.  H.  Meech,  Thomas  Cornell.  Fourteenth  District:  Robert  Waterman,  Joseph  C. 
Y.  Page.  Fifteenth  District:  A.  H.  Griswold,  C.  R.  Ingalls.  Sixteenth  District:  George 
V.  Hoyle,  Winslow  C.  Watson.  Seventeenth  District :  W'illiam  Andrus,  Edwin  W.  Foster. 
Eighteenth  District:  Thomas  B.  Mitchell,  Horace  E.  Smith.  Nineteenth  District:  Henry 
R.  Mygatt,  James  H.  Graham.  Twentieth  District :  William  W.  Taggart,  Henry  E.  Tur- 
ner. Twenty-first  District :  Samuel  Campbell,  P.  C.  Costello.  Twenty-second  District : 
Henry  Ten  Eyck,  A.  H.  Failing.  Twenty-third  District :  R.  Nelson  Gere,  Conrad  Shoe- 
maker. Twenty-fourth  District :  Alexander  Gilchrist,  Fred.  L.  Manning.  Twenty-fifth 
District:  Archibald  Kennedy,  James  C.  Smith.  Twenty-sixth  District:  Abraham  Law- 
rence, Benjamin  N.  Loomis.  Twenty-seventh  District:  Rufus  Scott,  S.  M.  Thatcher. 


106  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government  Twenty-eighth  District:  Joseph  M.  Cornell,  James  H.  Kelley.  Twenty-ninth  District: 
Benjamin  Pringle,  Thomas  T.  Flagler.  Thirtieth  District :  Pascal  P.  Pratt,  William  G. 
Fargo.  Thirty -first  District ;  Alonzo  F.  Hawley,  Charles  D.  Murray.  For  two  additional 
Districts :  John  P.  Acker,  Daniel  Pratt,  Socrates  N.  Sherman,  Winfield  S.  Cameron. 

North  Carolina. — At  large :  D.  M.  Barringer,  E.  R.  Spaulding,  \V.  M.  Shipp,  Louis 
Milliard.  First  District :  Walter  Clark,  John  M.  Bateman.  Second  District :  John  Rob- 
inson, John  Norfleet.  Third  District :  Edward  Kidder,  John  D.  Williams.  Fourth  Dis- 
trict :  Kemp  P.  Battle,  Isaac  J.  Young.  Fifth  District :  A.  M.  Scales,  Montford  McGee. 
Sixth  District :  H.  W.  Guion,  David  Schenck.  Seventh  District:  Joseph  W.  Hall,  N.  S. 
Williams.  Eighth  District :  W.  W.  Rollins,  Thomas  L.  Clingman. 

Ohio.—M  large  :  Edward  F.  Noyes,  B.  F.  Wade,  William  Allen,  William  S.  Groesbeck, 
Martin  Welker,  Peter  Odlin.  First  District :  Anthony  D.  Bullock,  Herbert  Jenny.  Sec- 
ond District :  John  K.  Green,  Charles  Reemelin.  Third  District :  Ed.  A.  Parrott,  Durbin 
Ward.  Fourth  District:  James  Taylor,  Geo.  Keifer.  Fifth  District:  William  Sawyer, 
Charles  C.  Marshall.  Sixth  District :  James  Wilson,  William  O' Collins.  Seventh  District  : 
William  Dennison,  Richard  A.  Harrison.  Eighth  District :  Willard  S.  Hickox,  Isaac  H 
Pennock.  Ninth  District :  E.  B.  Saddler,  John  Gardiner :  Tenth  District :  Richard  Mott, 
W.  V.  Way.  Eleventh  District :  Cyrus  Ellison,  L.  C.  Damarin.  Twelfth  District :  Wil- 
liam L.  Sullivant,  W.  Marshall  Anderson.  Thirteenth  District :  Charles  Cooper,  William 
P.  Reid.  Fourteenth  District:  Harrison  G.  Blake,  Norton  S.  Townsend.  Fifteenth  Dis- 
trict :  Valentine  B.  Horton,  Joshua  Davis.  Sixteenth  District :  Charles  P.  Dewey,  William 
M.  Farrar.  Seventeenth  District :  Cornelius  Aultman,  Joel  Sharp.  Eighteenth  District : 
Amos  Townsend,  Lewis  Miller.  Nineteenth  District :  Henry  B.  Perkins,  M.  C.  Canfield. 

Oregon.— At  large :  A.  B.  Meacham,  S.  Ellsworth,  T.  F.  McPatten,  L.  F.  Lane.  First 
District :  A.  C.  Gibbs,  A.  H.  Brown. 

Pennsylvania. — At  large  :  Edwin  H.  Fitler,  Jonathan  R.  Lowrie,  William  Colder,  Wil- 
liam M.  Lyon,  John  H.  Michener,  Dr.  Joshua  Y.  Jones.  First  District :  R.  Rundle 
Smith,  Robert  Nebinger.  Second  District:  Joseph  F.  Tobias,  Charles  J.  Stille.  Third 
District :  John  L.  Shoemaker,  Henry  D.  Welsh.  Fourth  District :  Matthew  Baird,  Wil- 
liam Sellers.  Fifth  District :  Lucius  P.  Thompson,  H.  T.  Darlington.  Sixth  District : 
John  Tracy,  George  H.  Rupp.  Seventh  District :  S.  B.  Worth,  James  M.  Wilcox.  Eighth 
District :  Isaac  Eckert,  Henry  Bushong.  Ninth  District :  James  Myers,  George  M.  Stein- 
man.  Tenth  District :  Benjamin  Bannan,  G.  Dawson  Coleman.  Eleventh  District :  S.  S. 
Dreher,  E.  J.  Fox.  Twelfth  District :  D.  W.  Hollenback,  J.  B.  McCollom.  Thirteenth 
District:  M.  C.  Mercur,  Thomas  Beaver.  Fourteenth  District:  William  Cameron,  Henry 
McCormick.  Fifteenth  District:  C.  J.  T.  Mclntire,  John  Gibson.  Sixteenth  District: 
Henry  J.  Stahle,  Samuel  Philson.  Seventeenth  District :  David  McMurtrie,  David  Wat- 
son. Eighteenth  District:  M.  F.  Elliott,  H.  C.  Parsons.  Nineteenth  District:  William  L. 
Scott,  John  Patton.  Twentieth  District :  James  Pierce,  Joseph  H.  Marston.  Twenty-first 
District:  H.  P.  Laird,  Silas  M.  Clark.  Twenty-second  District:  Alexander  Bradley,  C. 
W.  Batchelor.  Twenty-third  District :  James  M.  Cooper,  J.  N.  Purviance.  Twenty-fourth 
District :  George  C.  Reis,  W.  T.  H.  Pauley.  For  two  additional  Districts  :  John  W.  Forney, 
Charles  M.  Hall,  Alfred  Hindekooper,  Daniel  M.  Fox. 

Rhode  Island. — At  large :  William  L.  Slater,  Albert  S.  Gallup,  Ambrose  E.  Burnside, 
James  Y.  Smith.  First  District :  Charles  S.  Bradley,  John  O.  Waterman.  Second  District  : 
George  H.  Browne,  Horace  Babcock. 

South  Carolina. — At  large :  John  D.  Caldwell.  Alva  Gage,  Stanley  G.  Trott,  James  D. 
Treadwell.  First  District :  C.  W.  Dudley,  S.  A.  Swails.  Second  District :  W.  H.  Bernie, 
Henry  Buist.  Third  District :  F.  L.  Cardozo,  L.  Cass  Carpenter.  Fourth  District :  A.  W. 
Cummings,  Y.  J.  P.  Owens. 

Tennessee. — At  large  :  John  C.  Brown,  W.  H.  Stephens,  John  Netherland,  A.  B.  Shank- 
land,  David  A.  Nunn,  M.  V.  Nash.  First  District:  M.  S.  Temple,  W.  C.  Kyle.  Second 
District :  Jacob  R.  Ludlow,  James  M.  Meek.  Third  District :  James  Sevier,  M.  L.  McCon- 


APPENDIX  C.  I0; 

nell.     Fourth  District:  James  B.  Lamb,  John  W.  Burton.     Fifth  District:  John  W.  Head,  Government 
Robert  Cantrell.     Sixth  District:  A.  M.  Looney,  Thomas  McNeilly.     Seventh  District:  a( 
D.  N.  Kennedy,  James  D.  Porter.     Eighth  District :  G.  B.  Black,  F.  B.  Ragland.     Ninth 
District :  M.  D.  L.  Stewart,  Isaac  M.  Steele. 

Texas.— M  large :  W.  K.  Marshall,  S.  W.  March,  Ashbel  Smith,  Frederick  Peterson. 
First  District :  E.  B.  Picket,  John  C.  Robertson.  Second  District :  E.  W.  Taylor,  S.  Hare. 
Third  District :  Richard  Coke,  Jerome  B.  Robertson.  Fourth  District :  Joseph  D.  Sayers, 
John  Ireland.  For  two  additional  Districts :  C.  C.  Binkley,  John  J.  Good,  Peter  W.  Gray, 
F.  L.  Stockdale. 

Utah. — Abraham  O.  Smoot,  Horace  S.  Eldredge. 

Vermont. — Horace  Fairbanks,  Lawrence  Brainard,  Lawrence  Barnes,  George  A.  Mer- 
rill, H.  G.  Root,  Jacob  Estey,  Luther  Baker,  Frederick  Billings,  Henry  Chase,  Henry 
Lane. 

Virginia. — At  large :  John  L.  Marye,  John  A.  Campbell,  C.  Y.  Thomas,  Lewis  Webb. 
First  District :  Louis  C.  H.  Finney,  John  T.  Seawell.  Second  District :  Andrew  Wash- 
burne,  James  M.  Donnan.  Third  District :  Samuel  F.  Maddox,  Joseph  M.  Humphries. 
Fourth  District :  George  H.  Southall,  W.  W.  Forbes.  Fifth  District :  William  L.  Cochran, 
Thomas  Whitehead.  Sixth  District:  Moses  Walton,  John  Letcher.  Seventh  District: 
Robert  Y.  Conrad,  Hugh  W.  Sheflfy.  Eighth  District :  Edgar  Snowden,  Matthew  Harrison. 
Ninth  District :  R.  T.  Bowen,  James  W.  Sheffey. 

West  Virginia. — At  large :  Henry  K.  List,  James  H.  Brown,  J.  N.  Camden,  Thomas 
Sweeney.  First  District:  Lewis  Applegate,  Jonathan  M.  Bennett.  Second  District: 
Francis  H.  Pierpont,  J.  Nelson  Wisner.  Third  District :  William  A.  Quarrier,  J.  M.  Mc- 
Whorter. 

Wisconsin. — At  large :  C.  C.  Washburne,  Alexander  Mitchell,  Tim.  O.  Howe,  Charles 
A.  Eldridge.  First  District:  J.  J.  Case,  James  H.  Howe.  Second  District:  D.  Hall, 
Joshua  J.  Guppey.  Third  District :  John  Lawler,  J.  C.  Halloway.  Fourth  District : 
Angus  Smith,  D.  W.  Maxon.  Fifth  District:  Charles  Burchard,  Joseph  Vilas.  Sixth 
District :  Andrew  E.  Elmore,  Samuel  Hay.  Seventh  District :  Dudley  A.  Spaulding,  D.  A. 
Baldwin.  Eighth  District :  Thad.  C.  Pound,  Walter  D.  Mclndo. 

Washington. — Selucius  Garfielde,  Toussaint  Mesplie. 

Wyoming. — William  A.  Carter,  John  A.  Campbell. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  said  corporation  shall  have  authority,  and  is  hereby  empowered 
to  secure  subscriptions  of  capital  stock  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  ten  million  dollars,  to 
be  divided  into  shares  of  ten  dollars  each,  and  to  issue  to  the  subscribers  of  said  stock  cer- 
tificates therefor  under  the  corporate  seal  of  said  corporation,  which  certificates  shall  bear 
the  signature  of  the  President  and  Treasurer,  and  be  transferable  under  such  rules  and 
regulations  as  may  be  made  for  the  purpose.  And  it  shall  be  lawful  for  any  municipal  or 
other  corporate  body  existing  by  or  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States  to  subscribe  and 
pay  for  shares  of  said  capital  stock ;  and  all  holders  of  said  stock  shall  become  associates 
in  said  corporation,  and  shall  be  entitled  to  one  vote  on  each  share.  And  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  to  prescribe  rules  to  enable  absent  stock- 
holders to  vote  by  proxy.  The  proceeds  of  said  stock,  together  with  the  receipts  from 
all  other  sources,  shall  be  used  by  siid  corporation  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings, 
with  their  appropriate  fixtures  and  appurtenances,  and  for  all  other  expenditures  required 
in  carrying  out  the  objects  of  the  said  Act  of  Congress  of  March  third,  eighteen  hundred 
and  seventy-one,  and  which  may  be  incident  thereto.  And  the  said  corporation  shall  keep 
regular  minutes  of  its  proceedings,  and  full  accounts,  with  the  vouchers  thereof,  of  all  the 
receipts  and  expenditures,  and  the  snme  shall  be  always  open  to  the  inspection  of  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commission,  or  any  members  thereof. 

SEC.  3.  The  books  of  subscription  shall  be  opened  by  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission,  under  such  rules  as  it  may  prescribe;  and  an  opportunity  shall  be  given, 
during  a  period  of  one  hundred  days,  to  the  citizens  of  each  State  and  Territory  to  sub- 


108  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government  scribe  for  stock  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  its  quota,  according  to  its  population ;  after 
which  period  of  one  hundred  days,  stock  not  taken  may  be  sold  to  any  person  or  persons 
or  corporation  willing  to  purchase  the  same. 

SEC.  4.  That  after  the  expiration  of  said  period  of  one  hundred  days,  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission  shall  issue  a  call  for  a  meeting  by  publication  in  one  or 
more  newspapers  published  at  the  capital  of  each  State  and  Territory,  not  less  than  thirty 
days  prior  thereto,  of  the  corporators  and  all  others  who  may  then  have  subscribed  for 
stock,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  purpose  of  electing  a  Board  of 
Directors,  to  consist  of  twenty-five  stockholders,  whose  term  of  office  shall  be  one  year,  and 
until  their  successors  shall  have  been  qualified ;  at  which  meeting  those  who  may  be  present 
in  person  or  by  proxy,  of  whom  one  hundred  shall  constitute  a  quorum,  shall  be  competent 
to  organize  and  elect  said  officers.  The  said  Board  of  Directors,  and  every  subsequent 
Board,  shall  be  chosen  by  the  stockholders,  out  of  a  list  of  one  hundred  stockholders, 
selected  and  nominated  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission.  Nine  members  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business,  but  no  elec- 
tion or  change  of  officers  shall  take  place  unless  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors  at 
which  a  majority  shall  be  present. 

SEC.  5.  That  the  said  Board  of  Directors  shall  elect,  from  its  own  number,  a  presi- 
dent and  two  vice-presidents,  whose  term  of  office  shall  be  one  year,  and  until  their  suc- 
cessors shall  have  been  duly  qualified,  and  shall  appoint  a  treasurer,  a  secretary,  and  such 
other  officers  as  may  be  required  to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  the  corporation ;  which  elected 
and  appointed  officers  shall  hold  their  respective  offices  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Board, 
receiving  such  compensation  as  the  Board  may  prescribe.  And  the  Board  shall  also  adopt 
such  by-laws,  rules,  and  regulations  for  its  own  government,  and  for  the  government  of  its 
officers,  as  may  be  deemed  expedient ;  Provided,  That  the  same  shall  not  be  inconsistent 
with  any  Act  of  Congress  or  the  rules  adopted  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

SEC.  6.  That  as  soon  as  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  have  been  duly  organized,  as 
provided  for  in  section  five  of  this  Act,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission  to  deliver  to  the  said  Board  all  stock  subscription-books,  with  the  papers  and 
records  of  any  kind  in  its  possession,  pertaining  to  the  same. 

SEC.  7.  That  the  grounds  for  the  Exhibition  shall  be  prepared,  and  the  buildings 
erected,  by  the  said  corporation,  in  accordance  with  the  plans,  which  shall  have  been  pre- 
viously adopted  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  the  rules  and  regulations 
of  said  corporation,  governing  rates  for  "  entrance"  and  "  admission"  fees,  or  otherwise 
affecting  the  rights,  privileges,  or  interests  of  the  exhibitors,  or  of  the  public,  shall  be  fixed 
and  established  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission ;  and  no  grant  conferring 
rights  or  privileges  of  any  description  connected  with  the  said  grounds  or  buildings,  or  re- 
lating to  said  Exhibition  or  celebration,  shall  be  made  without  the  consent  of  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission ;  and  said  Commission  shall  have  power  to  control,  change, 
or  revoke  all  such  grants,  and  shall  appoint  all  judges  and  examiners,  and  award  all  premiums. 

SEC.  8.  That  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  shall  have  authority  to  issue  bonds, 
not  in  excess  of  its  capital  stock,  and  secure  the  payment  of  the  same,  principal  and  interest, 
by  mortgage  upon  its  property  and  prospective  income. 

SEC.  9.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States, 
as  soon  as  practicable  after  the  passage  of  this  Act,  to  cause  to  be  prepared,  in  accordance 
with  a  design  approved  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  and  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  a  sufficient  number  of  certificates  of  stock  to  meet  the  requirements  of  this 
Act ;  and  any  person  found  guilty  of  counterfeiting,  or  attempting  to  counterfeit,  or  know- 
ingly circulating  false  certificates  of  stock,  herein  authorized,  shall  be  subject  to  the  same 
pains  and  penalties  as  are  or  may  be  provided  by  law  for  counterfeiting  United  States  cur- 
rency; but  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  create  any  liability  of  the  United 
States,  direct  or  indirect,  for  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred,  nor  for  any  claim,  by  the  Cen- 
tennial International  Exhibition,  or  the  corporation  hereby  created,  for  aid  or  pecuniary 


APPENDIX  C. 


I09 


assistance  from  Congress  or  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  in  support  or  liquidation  of  Government 
any  debts  or  obligations  created  by  the  corporation  herein  authorized  :  And  provided,  That  actl 
nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  override  or  interfere  with  the  laws  of  any 
State ;  and  all  contracts  made  in  any  State  for  the  purposes  of  the  Centennial  International 
Exhibition  shall  be  subject  to  the  laws  thereof:  And  provided  further,  That  no  member  of 
said  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  assumes  any  personal  liability  for  any  debt  or  obligation 
which  may  be  created  or  incurred  by  the  corporation  authorized  by  this  Act. 

SEC.  10.  That  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the  said  Exhibition  shall  have  been  closed, 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  corporation  to  convert  its  property  into  cash,  and,  after  the 
payment  of  all  its  liabilities,  to  divide  its  remaining  assets  among  its  stockholders,  pro 
rata,  in  full  satisfaction  and  discharge  of  its  capital  stock.  And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commission  to  supervise  the  closing  up  of  the  affairs  of  said  cor 
poration,  to  audit  its  accounts,  and  submit,  in  a  report  to  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
the  financial  results  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition. 

SEC.  II.  That  the  Commission  created  by  the  Act  referred  to  in  the  preamble  of  this 
Act  is  hereby  made  and  constituted  a  body  politic  and  corporate  in  law,  with  power  to 
do  such  acts  and  to  enter  into  such  obligations  as  may  be  promotive  of  the  purposes  for 
which  such  Commission  was  established.  Its  title  shall  be  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission.  It  shall  have  a  common  and  corporate  seal,  and  possess  all  the  rights  inci- 
dent to  corporate  existence. 

SEC.  12.  That  the  Alternate  Commissioners,  appointed  pursuant  to  section  four  of  the 
Act  approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  referred  to  in  the  preamble 
to  this  Act,  shall  have  all  the  powers  of  a  Commissioner  when  the  Commissioner  is  not 
present  at  any  meeting.  When  the  Commissioner  is  present  the  Alternate  may  participate 
in  the  debates  and  serve  on  committees,  but  shall  have  no  vote.  The  appointment  of  all 
the  Commissioners  and  Alternate  Commissioners  made  since  March  third,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  seventy-two,  are  hereby  ratified  and  confirmed ;  and  all  vacancies  now  existing, 
or  which  may  hereafter  exist,  whether  by  death,  resignation,  removal  from  the  State  or 
Territory,  or  otherwise,  shall  be  filled,  at  any  time  hereafter,  in  like  manner  as  is  provided 
in  said  Act  of  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  for  the  appointment  of 
Commissioners. 

SEC.  13.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  to 
make  report,  from  time  to  time,  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  of  the  progress  of 
the  work,  and  in  a  final  report  present  a  full  exhibit  of  the  result  of  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Celebration  and  Exhibition  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

Approved  June  i,  1872. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF  PRESIDENT  GRANT. 

December  2,  1872. 

In  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3, 1871,  providing 
for  the  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  independence,  a  Commis- 
sion has  been  organized,  consisting  of  two  members  from  each  of  the  States  and  Territories. 
This  Commission  has  held  two  sessions,  and  has  made  satisfactory  progress  in  the  organiza- 
tion and  in  the  initiatory  steps  necessary  for  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  Act,  and  for 
executing  also  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  June  I,  1872,  creating  a  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance.  A  preliminary  report  of  progress  has  been  received  from  the  President  of  the 
Commission,  and  is  herewith  transmitted.  It  will  be  the  duty  of  the  Commission  at  your 
coming  session  to  transmit  a  full  report  of  the  progress  made,  and  to  lay  before  you  the 
details  relating  to  the  exhibition  of  American  and  foreign  arts,  products,  and  manufactures, 
which,  by  the  terms  of  the  Act,  is  to  be  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  1876. 


IIO  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government  This  celebration  will  be  looked  forward  to  by  American  citizens  with  great  interest,  as 

action.  marking  a  century  of  greater  progress  and  prosperity  than  is  recorded  in  the  history  of  any 

other  nation,  and  as  serving  a  further  good  purpose  in  bringing  together,  on  our  soil,  peoples 

of  all  the  commercial  nations  of  the  earth,  in  a  manner  calculated  to  insure  international 

good  feeling. 


PROCLAMATION: 

BY   THE   PRESIDENT   OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 

July  3,  1873. 

Whereas  by  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
one,  providing  for  a  National  Celebration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States,  by  the  holding  of  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts, 
Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  it  is  provided  as  follows  : 

"  That  whenever  the  President  shall  be  informed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania that  provision  has  been  made  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings  for  the  purpose, 
and  for  the  exclusive  control  by  the  Commission  herein  provided  for  of  the  proposed  Ex- 
hibition, the  President  shall,  through  the  Department  of  State,  make  proclamation  of  the 
same,  setting  forth  the  time  at  which  the  Exhibition  will  open,  and  the  place  at  which  it 
will  be  held ;  and  he  shall  communicate  to  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  all  nations 
copies  of  the  same,  together  with  such  regulations  as  may  be  adopted  by  the  Commissioners, 
for  publication  in  their  respective  countries ;" 

And  whereas,  His  Excellency  the  Governor  of  the  said  State  of  Pennsylvania  did,  on 
the  twenty-fourth  day  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three,  inform  me  that  pro- 
vision has  been  made  for  the  erection  of  said  buildings,  and  for  the  exclusive  control  by 
the  Commission  provided  for  in  the  said  Act  of  the  proposed  Exhibition; 

And  whereas,  the  President  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  has  officially 
informed  me  of  the  dates  fixed  for  the  opening  and  closing  of  the  said  Exhibition,  and  the 
place  at  which  it  is  to  be  held : 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  ULYSSES  S.  GRANT,  President  of  the  United  States, 
in  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  Congress  aforesaid,  do  hereby  declare  and 
proclaim  that  there  will  be  held,  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  to 
be  opened  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
six,  and  to  be  closed  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  October,  in  the  same  year. 

And  in  the  interest  of  peace,  civilization,  and  domestic  and  international  friendship  and 
intercourse,  I  commend  the  celebration  and  Exhibition  to  the  people  of  the  United  States ; 
and  in  behalf  of  this  Government  and  people,  I  cordially  commend  them  to  all  nations  who 
may  be  pleased  to  take  part  therein. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand,  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United 
States  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  third  day  of  July,  one  thousand  eight 
[SEAL.]  hundred  and  seventy -three,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  the 

ninety-seventh. 

U.  S.  GRANT. 
By  the  President : 

HAMILTON    FISH,  Secretary  of  State. 


APPENDIX  C.  1 1  [ 

EXECUTIVE    ORDER  Government 

action. 
BY  THE   PRESIDENT   OF  TH2  UNITED  STATES. 

January  23,  1874. 

Whereas  it  has  been  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  that  in 
the  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  to 
be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876,  for  the  purpose  of  celebrating  the  one 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States,  it  is  desirable  that  from 
the  Executive  Departments  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  in  which  there  may  be 
articles  suitable  for  the  purpose  intended  there  should  appear  such  articles  and  materials  as 
'  will,  when  presented  in  a  collective  exhibition,  illustrate  the  functions  and  administrative 
faculties  of  the  Government  in  time  of  peace,  and  its  resources  as  a  war  power,  and  thereby 
serve  to  demonstrate  the  nature  of  our  institutions  and  their  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  the 
people.  Now,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  complete  and  harmonious  arrangement  of  the 
articles  and  materials  designed  to  be  exhibited  from  the  Executive  Department  of  the 
Government,  it  is  ordered  that  a  Board,  to  be  composed  of  one  person  to  be  named  by  the 
head  of  each  of  the  Executive  Departments  which  may  have  articles  and  materials  to  be 
exhibited,  and  also  of  one  person  to  be  named  in  behalf  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
and  one  to  be  named  in  the  behalf  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  be  charged  with  the 
preparation,  arrangement,  and  safe-keeping  of  such  articles  and  materials  as  the  heads  of 
the  several  Departments  and  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  and  the  Director  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  may  respectively  decide  shall  be  embraced  in  the  collection ;  that 
one  of  the  persons  thus  named,  to  be  designated  by  the  President,  shall  be  chairman  of 
such  Board,  and  that  the  Board  appoint  from  their  own  number  such  other  officers  as  they 
may  think  necessaiy,  and  that  the  said  Board  when  organized  shall  be  authorized  under  the 
direction  of  the  President  to  confer  with  the  executive  officers  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition 
in  relation  to  such  matters  connected  with  -the  subject  as  may  pertain  to  the  respective 
Departments  having  articles  and  materials  on  exhibition,  and  that  the  names  of  the  persons 
thus  selected  by  the  heads  of  the  several  Departments,  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture, 
and  the  Director  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  shall  be  submitted  to  the  President  for 
designation. 

By  order  of  the  President. 

HAMILTON    FISH,  Secretary  of  State. 

WASHINGTON,  January  23,  1874. 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE   OF   PRESIDENT   GRANT. 

February  25,  1874. 
To  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES: 

I  have  the  honor,  herewith,  to  submit  the  report  of  the  Centennial  Commissioners,  and 
to  add  a  word  in  the  way  of  recommendation. 

There  have  now  been  International  Exhibitions  held  by  three  of  the  great  powers  of 
Europe.  It  seems  fitting  that  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  our  independence  should 
be  marked  by  an  event  that  will  display  to  the  world  the  growth  and  progress  of  a  nation 
devoted  to  freedom,  and  to  the  pursuit  of  fame,  fortune,  and  honors  by  the  lowest  citizen  as 
well  as  the  highest.  A  failure  in  this  enterprise  would  be  deplorable.  Success  can  be 
assured  by  arousing  public  opinion  to  the  importance  of  the  occasion.  To  secure  this  end, 
in  my  judgment,  congressional  legislation  is  necessary  to  make  the  Exhibition  both  national 
and  international. 

The  benefits  to  be  derived  from  a  successful  International  Exhibition  are  manifold.  It 
will  necessarily  be  accompanied  by  expenses  beyond  the  receipts  from  the  Exhibition  itself; 
but  they  will  be  compensated  for,  many  fold,  by  the  commingling  of  people  from  all  sec- 
tions of  our  own  country;  by  bringing  together  the  people  of  different  nationalities;  by 


j  1 2  INTERNA  TIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government      bringing  into  juxtaposition,  for  ready  examination,  our  own  and  foreign  skill  and  progress 
in  manutactures,  agriculture,  art,  science,  and  civilization. 

The  selection  of  the  site  for  the  Exhibition  seems  to  me  appropriate  from  the  fact  that 
one  hundred  years  before  the  date  fixed  for  the  Exhibition  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
— which  launched  us  into  the  galaxy  of  nations  as  an  independent  people — emanated  from 
the  same  spot. 

We  have  much  in  our  varied  climate,  soil,  mineral  products,  and  skill  of  which  advan- 
tage can  be  taken  by  other  nationalities  to  their  profit.  In  return  they  will  bring  to  our 
shores  works  of  their  skill,  and  familiarize  our  people  with  them,  to  the  mutual  advantage 
of  all  parties. 

Let  us  have  a  complete  success  in  our  Centennial  Exhibition,  or  suppress  it  in  its  infancy,' 
acknowledging  our  inability  to  give  it  the  international  character  to  which  our  self-esteem 
aspires. 

U.  S.  GRANT. 


INVITATION  TO   FOREIGN   GOVERNMENTS. 

Approved  June  5,  1874. 

Whereas,  at  various  International  Exhibitions  which  have  been  held  in  foreign  countries, 
the  United  States  have  been  represented  in  pursuance  of  invitations  given  by  the  Govern- 
ments of  those  countries,  and  accepted  by  our  Government,  therefore, 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  President  be  requested  to  extend,  in  the  name  of  the  United 
States,  a  respectful  and  cordial  invitation  to  the  Governments  of  other  nations,  to  be  repre- 
sented and  take  part  in  the  International  Exposition  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
six  ;  Provided,  however,  That  the  United  States  shall  not  be  liable,  directly  or  indirectly, 
for  any  expenses  attending  such  Exposition,  or  by  reason  of  the  same. 


ACT   RELATING  TO   CENTENNIAL   MEDALS. 

Approved  June  16,  1874. 
AN  ACT  to  atithorize  medals  commemorating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  first 

meeting  of  the  Continental  Congress,  and  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  provides  as 

folloivs  : 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  medals  with  appropriate  devices,  emblems,  and  inscriptions, 
commemorative  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  be  pre- 
pared at  the  Mint  at  Philadelphia  for  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  subject  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  fifty-second  section  of  the  Coinage  Act  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
three,  upon  the  payment  of  a  sum  not  less  than  the  cost  thereof,  and  all  the  provisions, 
whether  penal  or  otherwise,  of  said  Coinage  Act  against  the  counterfeiting  or  imitating  of 
coins  of  the  United  States  shall  apply  to  the  medals  struck  and  issued  under  the  provisions 
of  this  Act. 


ACT   RELATING  TO   DUTIES   ON   FOREIGN   ARTICLES. 

Approved  June  18,  1874. 
AN  ACT  to  admit  free  of  duty  articles  intended  for  the  International  Exhibition  of  eighteen 

hundred  and  seventy-six,  provides  as  follows  : 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  C(  ngress  assembled,  That  all  articles  which  shall  be  imported  for  the  sole  purpose  of 


APPENDIX  C.  U3 

exhibition  at  the  International  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  Government 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  shall  be  admitted  without  the  payment  of  duty  or  of  a 
customs  fees,  or  charges,  under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall 
prescribe ;  Provided,  that  all  such  articles  as  shall  be  sold  in  the  United  States  or  withdrawn 
for  consumption  therein,  at  any  time  after  such  importation,  shall  be  subject  to  the  duties, 
if  any,  imposed  on  like  articles  by  the  revenue  laws  in  force  at  the  date  of  importation ; 
And  provided  further,  that  in  case  any  articles  imported  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act, 
shall  be  withdrawn  for  consumption  or  shall  be  sold  without  payment  of  duty,  as  required 
by  law,  all  the  penalties  prescribed  by  the  revenue  laws  shall  be  applied  and  enforced 
against  such  articles  and  against  the  persons  who  may  be  guilty  of  such  withdrawal  or  sale. 
Approved  June  18  ,1874. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF   PRESIDENT   GRANT. 

December  7,  1874. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  herewith,  contains  suggestions  of  much 
interest  to  the  general  public,  and  refers  to  the  approaching  Centennial  and  the  part  his 
Department  is  ready  to  take  in  it.  I  feel  that  the  nation  at  large  is  interested  in  having 
this  Exhibition  a  success,  and  commend  to  Congress  such  action  as  will  secure  a  greater 
general  interest  in  it.  Already  many  foreign  nations  have  signified  their  intention  to  be 
represented  at  it,  and  it  may  be  expected  that  every  civilized  nation  will  be  represented. 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE  OF  PRESIDENT   GRANT. 

January  26,  1875. 
To  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES: 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith,  for  the  information  of  Congress,  a  report  of  the 
progress  made  to  this  date  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  appointed  in 
accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  Act  approved  June  I,  1872. 

U.  S.  GRANT. 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION,  January  26,  1875. 


EXTRACTS   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF   PRESIDENT  GRANT. 
December  7,  1875. 

In  submitting  my  seventh  annual  message  to  Congress,  in  this  Centennial  year  of  our 
national  existence  as  a  free  and  independent  people,  it  affords  me  great  pleasure  to  recur 
to  the  advancement  that  has  been  made  from  the  time  of  the  Colonies,  one  hundred  years 
ago.  We  were  then  a  people  numbering  only  three  millions.  Now  we  number  more  than 
forty  millions.  Then  industries  were  confined  almost  exclusively  to  the  tillage  of  the  soil. 
Now  manufactories  absorb  much  of  the  labor  of  the  country. 

Our  liberties  remain  unimpaired;  the  bondmen  have  been  freed  from  slavery;  we  have 
become  possessed  of  the  respect,  if  not  the  friendship,  of  all  civilized  nations.  Our  pro- 
gress has  been  great  in  all  the  arts  ;  in  science,  agriculture,  commerce,  navigation,  mining, 
mechanics,  law,  medicine,  etc. ;  and  in  general  education  the  progress  is  likewise  encour- 
aging. Our  thirteen  States  have  become  thirty-eight,  including  Colorado  (which  has  taken 
the  initiatory  steps  to  become  a  State),  and  eight  Territories,  including  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory and  Alaska,  and  excluding  Colorado,  making  a  territory  extending  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific.  On  the  south  we  have  extended  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  in  the  west 
from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Pacific. 

One  hundred  years  ago  the  cotton-gin,  the  steamship,  the  railroad,  the  telegraph,  the 

8 


H4  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government  reaping-,  sewing-,  and  modern  printing-machines,  and  numerous  other  inventions  of  scarcely 
action.  jess  ya|ue  to  our  business  and  happiness,  were  entirely  unknown. 

Tn  1776  manufactories  scarcely  existed  even  in  name  in  all  this  vast  territory.  In  1870 
more  than  two  millions  of  persons  were  employed  in  manufactories,  producing  more  than 
$2,100,000,000  of  products  in  amount  annually,  nearly  equal  to  our  national  debt.  From 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  population  of  1776  being  engaged  in  the  one  occupation  of  agri- 
culture, in  1870  so  numerous  and  diversified  had  become  the  occupation  of  our  people  that 
less  than  six  millions  out  of  more  than  forty  millions  were  so  engaged.  The  extraordinary 
effect  produced  in  our  country  by  a  resort  to  diversified  occupations  has  built  a  market  for 
the  products  of  fertile  lands  distant  from  the  seaboard  and  the  markets  of  the  world. 

The  American  system  of  locating  various  and  extensive  manufactories  next  to  the  plow 
and  the  pasture,  and  adding  connecting  railroads  and  steamboats,  has  produced  in  our  dis- 
tant interior  country  a  result  noticeable  by  the  intelligent  portions  of  all  commercial  na- 
tions. The  ingenuity  and  skill  of  American  mechanics  have  been  demonstrated  at  home 
and  abroad  in  a  manner  most  flattering  to  their  pride.  But  for  the  extraordinary  genius 
and  ability  of  our  mechanics,  the  achievements  of  our  agriculturists,  manufacturers,  and 
transporters  throughout  the  country  would  have  been  impossible  of  attainment. 

The  progress  of  the  miner  has  also  been  great.  Of  coal  our  production  was  small ; 
now  many  millions  of  tons  are  mined  annually.  So  with  iron,  which  formed  scarcely  an 
appreciable  part  of  our  products  half  a  century  ago,  we  now  produce  more  than  the  world 
consumed  at  the  beginning  of  our  national  existence.  Lead,  zinc,  and  copper,  from  being 
articles  of  import,  we  may  expect  to  be  large  exporters  of  in  the  near  future.  The  devel- 
opment of  gold  and  silver  mines  in  the  United  States  and  Territories  has  not  only  been 
remarkable,  but  has  had  a  large  influence  upon  the  business  of  all  commercial  nations. 
Our  merchants  in  the  last  hundred  years  have  had  a  success  and  have  established  a  reputa- 
tion for  enterprise,  sagacity,  progress,  and  integrity  unsurpassed  by  peoples  of  older  nation- 
alities. This  "good  name"  is  not  confined  to  their  homes,  but  goes  out  upon  every  sea 
and  into  every  port  where  commerce  enters.  With  equal  pride  we  can  point  to  our  progress 
in  all  of  the  learned  professions. 

As  we  are  now  about  to  enter  upon  our  second  centennial — commencing  our  manhood 
as  a  nation — it  is  well  to  look  back  upon  the  past  and  study  what  will  be  best  to  pre- 
serve and  advance  our  future  greatness.  From  the  fall  of  Adam  for  his  transgression  to  the 
present  day,  no  nation  has  ever  been  free  from  threatened  danger  to  its  prosperity  and  hap- 
piness. We  should  look  to  the  dangers  threatening  us,  and  remedy  them  so  far  as  lies  in  our 
power.  We  are  a  republic  whereof  one  man  is  as  good  as  another  before  the  law.  Under 
such  a  form  of  government  it  is  of  the  greatest  importance  that  all  should  be  possessed  of 
education  and  intelligence  enough  to  cast  a  vote  with  a  right  understanding  of  its  meaning. 
A  large  association  of  ignorant  men  cannot,  for  any  considerable  period,  oppose  a  success- 
ful resistance  to  tyranny  and  oppression  from  the  educated  few,  but  will  inevitably  sink  into 
acquiescence  to  the  will  of  intelligence,  whether  directed  by  the  demagogue  or  by  priest- 
craft. Hence  the  education  of  the  masses  becomes  of  the  first  necessity  for  the  preservation 
of  our  institutions.  They  are  worth  preserving,  because  they  have  secured  the  greatest  good 
to  the  greatest  proportion  of  the  population  of  any  form  of  government  yet  devised.  All  other 
forms  of  government  approach  it  just  in  proportion  to  the  general  diffusion  of  education  and 
independence  of  thought  and  action.  As  the  primary  step,  therefore,  to  our  advancement  in 
all  that  has  marked  our  progress  in  the  past  century,  I  suggest  for  your  earnest  considera- 
tion, and  most  earnestly  recommend  it,  that  a  constitutional  amendment  be  submitted  to  the 
Legislatures  of  the  several  States  for  ratification,  making  it  the  duty  of  each  of  the  several 
States  to  establish  and  forever  maintain  free  public  schools  adequate  to  the  education  of  all 
the  children  in  the  rudimentary  branches  within  their  respective  limits,  irrespective  of  sex, 
color,  birthplace,  or  religions;  forbidding  the  teaching  in  said  schools  of  religious,  atheistic, 
or  pagan  tenets ;  and  prohibiting  the  granting  of  any  school-funds,  or  school-taxes,  or  any 
part  thereof,  either  by  legislative,  municipal,  or  ether  authority,  for  the  benefit  or  in  aid, 


APPENDIX  C.  i  1 5 

directly  or  indirectly,  of  any  religious  sect  or  denomination,  or  in  aid  or  for  the  benefit  of   Government 
any  other  object  of  any  nature  or  kind  whatever. 

********** 
The  Board  heretofore  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  articles  and  materials  pertaining 
to  the  War,  the  Navy,  the  Treasury,  the  Interior,  and  the  Post-Office  Departments,  and  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  the  Commission  of  Food- 
Fishes,  to  be  contributed,  under  the  legislation  of  last  session,  to  the  International  Exhibi- 
tion to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  during  the  Centennial  year  1876,  has  been  diligent  in  the 
discharge  of  the  duties  which  have  devolved  upon  it;  and  the  preparations  so  far  made  with 
the  means  at  command  give  assurance  that  the  governmental  contribution  will  be  made  one 
of  the  marked  characteristics  of  the  Exhibition.  The  Board  has  observed  commendable 
economy  in  the  matter  of  the  erection  of  a  building  for  the  governmental  exhibit,  the  ex- 
pense of  which  it  is  estimated  will  not  exceed,  say  $80,000.  This  amount  has  been  with- 
drawn, under  the  law,  from  the  appropriations  of  five  of  the  principal  Departments,  which 
leaves  some  of  those  Departments  without  sufficient  means  to  render  their  respective  prac- 
tical exhibits  complete  and  satisfactory.  The  Exhibition  being  an  international  one,  and 
the  Government  being  a  voluntary  contributor,  it  is  my  opinion  that  its  contribution  should 
be  of  a  character,  in  quality  and  extent,  to  sustain  the  dignity  and  credit  of  so  distinguished 
a  contributor.  The  advantages  to  the  country  of  a  creditable  display  are,  in  an  interna- 
tional point  of  view,  of  the  first  importance,  while  an  indifferent  or  uncreditable  participa- 
tion by  the  Government  would  be  humiliating  to  the  patriotic  feelings  of  our  people  them- 
selves. I  commend  the  estimates  of  the  Board  for  the  necessary  additional  appropriations 
to  the  favorable  consideration  of  Congress. 

The  powers  of  Europe,  almost  without  exception,  many  of  the  South  American  states, 
and  even  the  more  distant  Eastern  powers,  have  manifested  their  friendly  sentiments  toward 
the  United  States  and  the  interest  of  the  world  in  our  progress  by  taking  steps  to  join  with 
us  in  celebrating  the  Centennial  of  the  nation,  and  I  strongly  recommend  that  a  more  na- 
tional importance  be  given  to  this  Exhibition  by  such  legislation  and  by  such  appropriation 
as  will  insure  its  success.  Its  value  in  bringing. to  our  shores  innumerable  useful  works  of 
art  and  skill,  the  commingling  of  the  citizens  of  foreign  countries  and  our  own,  and  the 
interchange  of  ideas  and  manufactures,  will  far  exceed  any  pecuniary  outlay  we  may  make. 


ACT  OF  CONGRESS  APPROPRIATING  $1,500,000  IN  AID  OF  THE  CENTEN- 
NIAL CELEBRATION   OF  AMERICAN   INDEPENDENCE. 

Approved  February  16,  1876. 
AN  ACT  relating  to  the   Centennial  Celebration  of  American   Independence. 

Whereas,  by  the  Act  of  Congress  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for  the  celebrating  the  One 
Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition 
of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,"  approved  March 
third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  provision  was  made  for  the  celebration  of  the 
Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  American  Independence  by  "  an  exhibi- 
tion of  American  and  foreign  arts,  products,  and  manufactures,"  to  be  "held  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six ;"  and 

Wliereas,  by  Act  of  Congress  entitled  "  An  Act  relative  to  the  Centennial  International 
Exhibition  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,"  approved  June  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two, 
the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  was  incorporated,  with  authority  to  raise  the  capital  neces- 


Il6  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government      sary  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  the  said  Act  of  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-one;  and 

Whereas,  the  President  of  the  United  States,  in  compliance  with  a  joint  resolution  of 
Congress,  approved  June  fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four,  did  "  extend,  in  the 
name  of  the  United  States,  a  respectful  and  cordial  invitation  to  the  Governments  of  other 
nations  to  be  represented  and  take  part  in  the  International  Exposition  to  be  held  at  Phila- 
delphia, under  the  auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,"  and  as  the  Govern- 
ments so  invited,  to  the  number  of  thirty-eight,  have  so  accepted  such  invitation,  and  many 
of  them  are  making  extensive  preparations  to  embrace  the  courtesy  so  extended  to  them, 
thereby  rendering  proper  arrangements  for  the  coming  ceremonies  on  the  part  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  a  matter  of  honor  and  gcod  faith;  and 

Whereas,  the  preparations  designed  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  in 
part  executed  by  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  are  in  accordance  with  the  spirit  of  the 
Acts  of  Congress  relating  thereto,  and  are  on  a  scale  creditable  to  the  Government  and 
people  of  the  United  States ;  therefore, 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  sum  of  one  million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  to  com- 
plete the  Centennial  buildings  and  other  preparations,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  appro- 
priated out  of  any  moneys  in  the  United  States  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  which 
shall  be  paid  on  the  drafts  of  the  President  and  Treasurer  of  the  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance,  one  third  immediately  after  the  passage  of  this  Act,  and  the  remainder  in  four  equal 
monthly  payments ;  Provided,  That  in  the  distribution  of  any  moneys  that  may  remain  in 
the  treasury  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  after  the  payment  of  its  debts,  as  provided 
for  by  the  tenth  section  of  the  Act  of  Congress  approved  June  first,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-two,  incorporating  said  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  the  appropriation  hereinbe- 
fore made  shall  be  paid  in  full  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  before  any  dividend 
or  percentage  of  the  profits  shall  be  paid  to  the  holders  of  said  stock  ;  Provided  also,  That 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  shall  not,  under  any  circumstances,  be  liable  for  any 
debt  or  obligation  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  or  the  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance,  or  any  payment  in  addition  to  the  foregoing  sum. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  money  by  this  Act  appropriated  shall  be  paid  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
Centennial  Board  of  Finance  only  after  he  and  the  President  of  the  Board  shall  have  exe- 
cuted a  bond  in  the  sum  of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  to  the  United  States,  with  suffi- 
cient security,  to  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  for  the  safe-keeping  and 
faithful  disbursement  of  the  sum  hereby  appropriated. 

Approved  February  16,  1876. 


JOINT   RESOLUTION   OF   CONGRESS. 
JOINT  RESOLUTION  on  the  celebration  of  the  Centennial  in  the  several  counties  or  towns. 

Approved  March  13,  1876. 

Be  it  resolved  by  the  Senate  and  Hotise  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  it  be,  and  is  hereby  recommended  by  the  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives  to  the  people  of  the  several  States  that  they  assemble  in  their  several 
counties  or  towns  on  the  approaching  Centennial  Anniversary  of  our  National  Independ- 
ence, and  that  they  cause  to  have  delivered  on  such  day  an  historical  sketch  of  said  county 
or  town  from  its  formation,  and  that  a  copy  of  said  sketch  may  be  filed,  in  print  or  manu- 
script, in  the  Clerk's  office  of  said  county,  and  an  additional  copy,  in  print  or  manuscript, 
be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  to  the  intent  that  a  complete  record  may 
thus  be  obtained  of  the  progress  of  our  institutions  during  the  First  Centennial  of  their 
existence. 


APPENDIX  C.  II^ 

ACT    OF  CONGRESS.  Government 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  expenses  of  admission  of  foreign  goods  to  the  Centennial  Exhibi- 
tion at  Philadelphia. 
Approved  April  17,  1876. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  sum  of  forty  thousand  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  be  expended 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  for  the  purpose  of  examfnation  and 
appraisement,  and  for  the  incidental  expenses  connected  with  the  admission  of  foreign  goods 
to  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  AN  ACT  OF  CONGRESS. 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  for  prior  years, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

Approved  May  I,  1876. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  Hottse  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  following  sums  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  appropriated,  out 
of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the 
appropriations  for  the  service  of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  for  former  years,  and  for  other  purposes,  namely : 

•****####*#* 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

•fr-**-*-****-*** 

For  the  purpose  of  paying  the  expenses  of  transportation,  care,  and  custody,  arranging 
and  exhibiting,  and  safe  return  of  articles  belonging  to  the  United  States  to  be  presented  and 
exhibited  in  the  United  States  building  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  during 
the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  in  pursuance  of  an  Act  of  Congress  approved 
March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five,  the  following  sums  are  hereby  appropriated, 
namely  :  For  the  Interior  Department,  fifteen  thousand  dollars ;  for  the  War  Department, 
eighteen  thousand  five  hundred  dollars ;  for  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  twenty-one  thou- 
sand dollars ;  for  the  United  States  Commission  of  Food  Fishes,  five  thousand  dollars ;  for 
the  Treasury  Department,  fourteen  thousand  dollars;  the  same  to  be  disbursed  by  the  Board 
on  behalf  of  the  United  States  Executive  Departments  appointed  in  pursuance  of  the  order 
of  the  President  of  January  twenty-third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four ;  Provided, 
That  for  contingent  expenses  any  surplus  arising  from  appropriations  made  to  either  of 
said  Departments  by  Act  of  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five,  is  hereby 
authorized  to  be  used  for  the  purposes  herein  mentioned. 


JOINT   RESOLUTION  OF  CONGRESS. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION,  authorizing  the  exhibition  of  a  life-saving  station-house  at  the  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition. 
Approved  May  13,  1876. 

Be  it  Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized 
to  place  on  exhibition  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  upon  such  ground  as  may  be  allotted 
for  the  purpose,  one  of  the  life-saving  station-houses  authorized  to  be  constructed  on  the 
coast  of  the  United  States  by  existing  law,  and  for  which  appropriation  has  already  been 


Il8  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Government  made,  and  to  cause  the  same  to  be  completely  equipped  with  all  the  apparatus,  furniture, 
and  appliances  now  in  use  at  the  respective  life-saving  stations  of  the  United  States ;  said 
building  and  apparatus  to  be  removed  after  the  close  of  the  Exhibition,  and  re-erected  and 
used  for  a  life-saving  station  at  the  place  now  authorized  by  law :  Provided,  however,  That 
such  exhibition  of  said  station-house,  and  equipment  thereof,  and  the  return  thereof,  shall 
not  'be  attended  with  any  expense  to  the  United  States  beyond  appropriations  heretofore 
made  in  aid  of  said  Exhibition,  through  the  several  Departments  of  the  Government. 
Approved  May  13,  1876. 

JOINT   RESOLUTION   OF   CONGRESS. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  to  amend  the  Act  approved  Jime  eighteenth,  eighteen  hundred  ana 
seventy-four,  relating  to  the  admission  of  articles  intended  for  the  International  Exhi- 
bition of  eighteen  hundred  and  sevetity-six. 

Approved  July  20,  1876. 

Be  it  Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  Hotise  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  Act  approved  June  eighteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-four,  entitled  "  An  Act  to  admit  free  of  duty  articles  intended  for  the  International 
Exhibition  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,"  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  so  amended  as 
to  permit  the  sale  and  delivery,  during  the  Exhibition,  of  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise 
heretofore  imported  and  now  in  the  Exhibition  buildings,  subject  to  such  additional  regu- 
lations for  the  security  of  the  revenue  and  the  collection  of  duties  thereon  as  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  may,  in  his  discretion,  prescribe. 

SECTION  2.  That  the  entire  stock  of  each  exhibitor,  consisting  of  goods,  wares,  and 
merchandise  imported  by  him  and  now  in  said  buildings,  is  hereby  declared  liable  for  the 
payment  of  duties  accruing  on  any  portion  thereof,  in  case  of  the  removal  of  such  portion 
from  said  buildings  without  payment  of  the  lawful  duties  thereon. 

SEC.  3.  That  the  penalties  prescribed  by,  and  the  provisions  contained  in,  section  three 
thousand  and  eighty-two  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  shall  be  deemed  and  held  to  apply  in  the 
case  of  any  goods,  wares,  or  merchandise  now  in  said  buildings  sold,  delivered,  or  re- 
moved without  payment  of  duties,  in  the  same  manner  as  if  such  goods,  wares,  or  merchan- 
dise had  been  imported  contrary  to  law ;  and  the  article  or  articles  so  sold,  delivered,  or 
removed  shall  be  deemed  and  held  to  have  been  so  imported,  with  the  knowledge  of  the 
parties  respectively  concerned  in  such  sale,  delivery,  or  removal. 


EXTRACTS   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF   PRESIDENT   GRANT. 
December  5,  1876. 

The  cordiality  which  attends  our  relations  with  the  powers  of  the  earth  has  been  plainly 
shown  by  the  general  participation  of  foreign  nations  in  the  Exhibition  which  has  just 
closed,  and  by  the  exertions  made  by  distant  powers  to  show  their  interest  in  and  friendly 
feelings  toward  the  United  States  in  the  commemoration  of  the  Centennial  of  the  nation. 
The  Government  and  people  of  the  United  States  have  not  only  fully  appreciated  this  exhi- 
bition of  kindly  feeling,  but  it  may  be  justly  and  fairly  expected  that  no  small  benefits  will 
result  both  to  ourselves  and  other  nations  from  a  better  acquaintance,  and  a  better  appre- 
ciation of  our  mutual  advantages  and  mutual  wants. 

*#*###*•*•£  *  # 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  accompanying  this  message  will  be  found 
one  of  great  interest,  marking,  as  it  does,  the  great  progress  of  the  last  century  in  the  variety 
of  products  of  the  soil,  increased  knowledge  and  skill  in  the  labor  of  producing,  saving, 
and  manipulating  the  same  to  prepare  them  for  the  use  of  man ;  in  the  improvements  in 


APPENDIX  C.  II9 

machinery  to  aid  the  agriculturist  in  his  labors,  and  in  a  knowledge  of  those  scientific  sub-  Government 
jects  necessary  to  a  thorough  system  of  economy  in  agricultural  production,  namely,  chem-  a 
istry,  botany,  entomology,  etc.     A  study  of  this  report  by  those  interested  in  agriculture  and 
deriving  their  support  from  it  will  prove  of  value  in  pointing  out  those  articles  which  are 
raised  in  greater  quantity  than  the  needs  of  the  world  require,  and  must  sell,  therefore,  for 
less  than  the  cost  of  production,  and  those  which  command  a  profit  over  cost  of  production 
because  there  is  not  an  over-production. 

I  call  special  attention  to  the  need  of  the  Department  for  a  new  gallery  for  the  reception 
of  the  exhibits  returned  from  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  including  the  exhibits  donated  by 
veiy  many  foreign  nations ;  and  to  the  recommendations  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agricul- 
ture generally. 

*  *  ***#•**•*** 

The  International  Exhibition  held  in  Philadelphia  this  year,  in  commemoration  of  the 
one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  independence,  has  proven  a  great  success,  and 
will,  no  doubt,  be  of  enduring  advantage  to  the  country.  It  has  shown  the  great  progress 
in  the  arts,  sciences,  and  mechanical  skill  made  in  a  single  century,  and  demonstrated  that 
we  are  but  little  behind  older  nations  in  any  one  branch,  while  in  some  we  scarcely  have  a 
rival.  It  has  served,  too,  not  only  to  bring  peoples  and  products  of  skill  and  labor  from  all 
parts  of  the  world  together,  but  in  bringing  together  people  from  all  sections  of  our  own 
country,  which  must  prove  a  great  benefit  in  the  information  imparted  and  pride  of  country 
engendered. 

It  has  been  suggested  by  scientists  interested  in  and  connected  with  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  in  a  communication  herewith,  that  the  Government  exhibit  be  removed  to  the 
capital,  and  a  suitable  building  be  erected  or  purchased  for  its  accommodation  as  a  per- 
manent exhibit.  I  earnestly  recommend  this,  and  believing  that  Congress  would  second 
this  view,  I  directed  that  all  Government  exhibits  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  should 
remain  where  they  are,  except  such  as  might  be  injured  by  remaining  in  a  building  not 
intended  as  a  protection  in  inclement  weather,  or  such  as  may  be  wanted  by  the  Depart- 
ment furnishing  them,  until  the  question  of  permanent  exhibition  is  acted  on. 

Although  the  moneys  appropriated  by  Congress  to  enable  the  participation  of  the  several 
Executive  Departments  in  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876  were  not  sufficient  to  carry 
out  the  undertaking  to  the  full  extent  at  first  contemplated,  it  gives  me  pleasure  to  refer  to 
the  very  efficient  and  creditable  manner  in  which  the  Board  appointed  from  these  several 
Departments  to  provide  an  exhibition  on  the  part  of  the  Government  have  discharged  their 
duties  with  the  funds  placed  at  their  command.  Without  a  precedent  to  guide  them  in  the 
preparation  of  such  a  display,  the  success  of  their  labors  was  amply  attested  by  the  sustained 
attention  which  the  contents  of  the  Government  Building  attracted  during  the  period  of  the 
Exhibition  from  both  foreign  and  native  visitors. 

I  am  strongly  impressed  with  the  value  of  the  collection  made  by  the  Government  for 
the  purposes  of  the  Exhibition,  illustrating,  as  it  does,  the  mineral  resources  of  the  country, 
the  statistical  and  practical  evidences  of  our  growth  as  a  nation,  and  the  uses  of  the  mechan- 
ical arts  and  the  applications  of  applied  science  in  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of 
Government. 

Many  nations  have  voluntarily  contributed  their  exhibits  to  the  United  States  to  increase 
the  interest  in  any  permanent  exhibition  Congress  may  provide  for.  For  this  act  of  gener- 
osity they  should  receive  the  thanks  of  the  people,  and  I  respectfully  suggest  that  a  reso- 
lution of  Congress  to  that  effect  be  adopted. 


120 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


APPENDIX  D. 


state  action.     LEGISLATIVE    AND    EXECUTIVE    ACTION    IN    THE    STATES 

AND    TERRITORIES. 


Alabama. 


ALABAMA. 

ACT  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  ALABAMA. 

Approved  March  20,  1875. 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  Governor  to  appoint  Commissioners  to  represent  Alabama  in  the 

Centennial  Exhibition. 

Whereas,  It  is  of  great  interest  to  the  people  of  Alabama  that  all  the  great  material 
interests  of  the  State,  the  agricultural,  the  mineral,  and  the  mechanical,  should  be  repre- 
sented and  exhibited  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  to  be  held  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  commencing  July  4,  1876;  therefore, 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Alabama,  That  the  Governor  be, 
and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  make  appointments  of  five  Commissioners,  who 
shall  be  known  as  "  Special  Centennial  Commissioners,"  and  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
secure  proper  apartments  in  the  Exhibition  buildings,  and  to  make  such  necessary  arrange- 
ments for  the  display  of  such  articles  as  may  be  forwarded  from  Alabama  for  exhibition, 
and  to  do  whatever  they  may  deem  best  to  have  the  State  of  Alabama  represented  upon 
an  equal  footing  with  her  sister  States  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  be  held  at  the  City 
of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  July  4,  1876. 

SEC.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Governor  shall  be  Chairman  ex  officio  of  said 
Commissioners. 

SEC.  3.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  no  money  shall  be  appropriated  to  carry  out  the 
provisions  of  this  Act. 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  ALABAMA. 

Approved  March  23,  1876. 

JOINT  RESOLUTIONS  in  relation  to  the  First  Centennial  Year  of  the  Declaration  of 

American  Independence. 

FIRST.  Resolved,  by  the  Senate  of  Alabama,  the  House  of  Representatives  concurring, 
That  as  the  Representatives  of  a  patriotic  constituency  which  reveres  the  virtues  and  tradi- 
tions of  the  heroes  and  sages  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  esteems  as  sacred  and  dear 
all  that  pertains  to  their  honor  and  glory,  the  General  Assembly  of  Alabama  deem  it  proper 
to  declare  that  the  occurrence  of  the  First  Centennial  Year  of  the  Declaration  of  American 
Independence  is  a  fit  occasion  for  rejoicing  on  the  part  of  all  the  people  of  the  United 
States ;  and  we  hereby  extend  greetings  of  fraternal  good  will  to  all  the  people  of  every 
State  and  Territory  in  the  American  Union. 

SECOND.  That  this  epoch  in  the  history  of  our  country  is  an  event  intimately  connected 
with  memories  that  should  be  cherished,  and  commemorated,  in  such  spirit  and  manner  as 


APPENDIX  D.  I2i 

will  most  appropriately  attest  the  gratitude  and  affection  which  their  descendants  should  State  action. 
ever  feel  for  the  illustrious  founders  of  American  constitutional  liberty. 

THIRD.  That  there  can  be  no  more  appropriate  or  continuing  commemoration  of  such 
an  event  and  its  memories  than  for  every  administration  of  government,  whether  Federal 
or  State,  to  uphold  the  honor,  promote  the  prosperity,  and  advance  the  glory  of  our  common 
country ;  and  to  this  end  it  is  also  the  duty  of  every  citizen  to  freely  and  faithfully  con- 
tribute his  aid. 

FOURTH.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  furnish  a  copy  of  these  resolutions, 
under  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State,  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  in  like  manner 
one  copy  to  the  Governor  of  each  State  and  Territory  in  the  American  Union. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State  this  the  23d  day  of 
[SEAL.]          March,  1876,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  the  One  Hundredth 
Year. 

By  the  Governor :  GEO.  S.  HOUSTON. 

RUFUS  K.  BO  YD,  Secretary  of  State. 


ARIZONA.  Ari*°™ 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   A.  P.  K.  SAFFORD. 

January  4,  1875. 

It  is  proposed  to  hold  at  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  a  world's  fair  for  the  exhibition  of  the 
products  of  the  earth  and  the  inventions  of  men.  It  is  thought  to  be  a  proper  time,  at  the 
close  of  the  century  that  brought  our  republic  into  existence,  to  bring  together  the  people  in 
fraternal  friendship,  and  to  collect  for  exhibition  to  all  mankind  the  various  products  of  our 
vast  domain,  and  also  the  inventions  of  a  free  people ;  and  in  this  Exhibition  the  nations  of 
the  earth  have  been  solicited  to  participate.  Mexico  and  all  the  South  American  republics 
have  already  accepted  this  invitation,  and  are  making  vigorous  efforts  to  be  properly  repre- 
sented. More  than  two-thirds  of  the  nations  of  Europe  are  taking  active  measures  in  the 
same  direction.  It  should  be  the  pride  of  every  American  to  see  in  this  Exhibition  the 
most  comprehensive  and  grandest  display  ever  made  by  mankind,  and  it  is  to  be  regretted 
that  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  has  been  so  far  tardy  in  giving  the  required  means ; 
but  whether  Congress  acts  or  not,  there  is  such  a  determination  among  the  people  to  make 
it  a  success  that  it  cannot  fail.  Already  most  of  the  States  have  taken  the  necessary  steps 
to  insure  a  full  and  advantageous  representation.  It  rests  with  you  to  decide  whether  the 
rich  minerals  and  varied  products  of  Arizona  shall  be  exhibited  or  not.  If  you  reflect  the 
wishes  of  your  constituents  you  will  make  ample  preparation,  so  that  no  Territory  will  outdo 
us  in  the  generous  rivalry.  You  have  it  in  your  power  to  place  the  true  representations  of 
the  resources  of  the  Territory  so  prominently  before  the  representatives  of  the  various  nations 
of  the  world,  that  capital  to  develop  and  utilize  them  will  pour  in  upon  us  without  limit  or 
solicitation.  A  failure  on  the  part  of  Arizona  to  be  properly  represented  would  not  make 
any  very  marked  difference  in  the  general  result  of  the  Exhibition,  but  it  would  seriously 
affect  our  own  prosperity,  and  be  a  subject  of  mortification  to  every  true  citizen  of  Arizona. 


ACT  OF  THE    LEGISLATURE   OF  ARIZONA. 

Approved  February  5,  1875. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  Arizona  : 

SECTION  I.  The  Territory  of  Arizona  is  hereby  authorized  for  and  on  behalf  of  its  citi- 
zens to  become  an  exhibitor  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  to  be  held  at  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  A.D.  1876. 


122  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


eys  in 


SEC.  2.  The  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any  moneys 
the  Territorial  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated  by  law,  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the 
expenses  incurred  in  executing  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

SEC.  3.  There  shall  be  elected  by  this  Legislative  Assembly  an  agent,  whose  duties  are 
hereinafter  prescribed,  to  represent  Arizona  at  said  Exhibition,  who  shall  be  elected  by  a 
majority  vote  of  the  two  Houses,  assembled  in  joint  convention,  and  said  agent  shall  be 
duly  commissioned  as  such  by  the  Governor. 

SEC.  4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  agent  to  execute  a  good  and  sufficient  bond  to  the 
Territory  of  Arizona,  and  to  file  the  same  with  the  Territorial  Treasurer  on  or  before  the 
first  day  of  May,  A.D.  1875, in  tne  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  with  two  or  more  sufficient 
sureties,  to  be  approved  by  the  Governor,  Territorial  Auditor,  and  Territorial  Treasurer, 
conditioned  that  he  will  faithfully  and  fully  perform  all  the  duties  that  shall  devolve  upon 
him  by  the  conditions  of  this  Act,  or  forfeit  the  amount  thereof  to  the  Territory  of  Arizona; 
and  upon  the  filing  and  approval  of  such  bond,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to 
commission  him  as  such  agent. 

SEC.  5.  To  aid  in  systematizing  and  concentrating  articles  for  exhibition  at  a  convenient 
point  for  shipment,  the  Boards  of  Supervisors  of  the  several  counties,  at  their  regular  meet- 
ing in  April  next  after  the  passage  of  this  Act,  shall  each  appoint  a  sub-agent  for  their 
respective  counties,  whose  duties  shall  be  as  follows :  To  receive  and  take  charge  of  articles 
furnished  for  exhibition,  and  to  supervise  the  boxing  and  shipping  of  said  articles  to  the  care 
of  the  agent  aforesaid  at  Yuma,  Arizona,  which  said  articles  shall  all  be  shipped  in  time 
to  reach  Yuma  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  December,  A.D.  1875  ;  Provided,  that  exhibitors 
shall  pay  all  expenses  incurred  in  packing  said  articles,  and  the  shipment  of  them  to  Yuma; 
And  provided  further,  that  said  sub-agents  may  reject  all  articles,  furnished  for  exhibition, 
which  in  their  judgment  are  not  of  sufficient  excellence  to  be  advantageous  to  the  Territory, 
or  reject  all  of  any  one  kind  in  excess  above  the  number  and  amount  necessary  for  a  credit- 
able exhibition,  and  in  the  exercise  of  this  power  they  shall  be  governed,  as  nearly  as  possible, 
by  such  rules  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Centennial  Advisory  Board  for  Arizona. 

SEC.  6.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  person  who  may  furnish  any  article  or  articles  for 
exhibition  to  accompany  the  same  with  a  succinct  history  of  the  production  thereof,  and  all 
important  facts  bearing  upon  the  same,  and  also  such  other  information,  if  any,  as  the  sub- 
agent  may  require,  and,  if  demanded  by  the  sub-agent,  verify  the  same  by  oath,  and  the 
said  sub-agent  shall,  at  the  time  of  shipment  to  the  agent  at  Yuma,  furnish  him  with  a  brief, 
but  complete,  statement  of  such  information  as  he  may  have  received  relative  to  the  pro- 
duction, extent,  quality,  and  pertinent  incident  of  said  articles  for  exhibition,  and  also  to 
see  that  all  said  articles  accepted  by  him  be  in  Yuma  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  December, 
A.D.  1875. 

SEC.  7-  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  agent  to  provide  some  suitable  place  at  Yuma,  on  or 
before  the  first  day  of  August,  A.D.  1875,  f°r  ^e  reception  and  safe-keeping  of  articles  as 
they  shall  arrive  from  the  several  sub-agencies,  and  as  soon  after  the  expiration  of  time 
fixed  by  section  six,  for  the  reception  of  articles  at  Yuma,  as  transportation  can  be  obtained, 
he  shall  ship  said  articles  by  water  to  San  Francisco,  California,  and  thence  by  rail  to  Phila- 
delphia; and  the  said  agent  shall  also  personally  attend  to  the  transshipment  of  the  articles 
at  San  Francisco,  and  personally  receive  the  same  on  their  arrival  in  Philadelphia,  and  he 
shall  also  cause  to  be  fitted  up  with  necessary  stands,  shelving,  cases,  etc.,  the  space  allotted 
to  Arizona  in  the  Exhibition  buildings,  and  properly  arrange  therein  all  articles  for  exhibi- 
tion. It  sha1!  also  be  the  duty  of  the  agent  to  cause  all  articles  to  be  numbered,  and  a 
corresponding  number  to  be  set  down  in  the  left-hand  margin  of  a  book,  opposite  which 
several  numbers  shall  be  given  the  facts  as  he  shall  have  received  them  from  the  sub-agents 
relative  to  the  several  articles,  as  numbered.  It  shall  also  be  the  duty  of  the  agent  to  be 
present  during  the  entire  period  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  have  a  supervisory  care  over 
all  articles  from  Arizona,  on  exhibition,  and  impart  information  regarding  the  same  to  all 
seeking  it. 


APPENDIX  D. 


123 


SEC.  8.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  agent  at  the  close  of  said  Centennial  Exhibition  to  State  acdou. 
sell  for  cash,  at  public  auction,  after  public  notice  of  not  less  than  ten  days,  all  articles  Anlon*- 
under  his  charge,  on  exhibition,  and  render  a  full  and  complete  account  thereof  to  the  Ninth 
Legislative  Assembly  of  Arizona,  and  he  shall  pay  all  moneys  received  from  such  sale  to 
the  Treasurer  of  this  Territory,  to  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  general  fund ;  and  he  shall 
also  keep  a  true  and  correct  account  of  all  expenditures  of  money  in  the  execution  of  his 
duties,  under  this  Act,  and  submit  vouchers  and  receipts  therefor,  showing  in  detail  the 
objects  of  his  outlays  to  the  Ninth  Legislative  Assembly  of  Ar  zona,  and  if  the  said  Legis- 
lative Assembly  shall  find  the  same  correct  and  just,  the  said  agent's  bond  shall  be  void  and 
canceled,  otherwise  to  remain  in  full  force,  and  the  full  sum  thereof  be  collected  of  the 
agent,  or  his  bondsmen,  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  Territory  of  Arizona.  The  said 
agent  shall  receive  in  full  payment  for  his  services  the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars  out  of 
the  five  thousand  dollars  appropriated  by  section  two  of  this  Act. 

SEC.  9.  To  enable  the  agent  to  readily  and  effectually  discharge  the  duties  imposed  on 
him  by  this  Act,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Territorial  Auditor,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of 
December,  A.D.  1875,  to  draw  his  warrant  on  the  Territorial  Treasurer,  in  favor  of  said 
agent,  for  the  full  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  and  the  Territorial  Treasurer  shall  pay  the 
same  on  presentation,  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated  by  law. 

SEC.  10.  In  case  of  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  agent,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor 
to  appoint  and  commission  a  suitable  person  as  such  agent,  and  such  appointee  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  all  the  duties,  requirements,  and  conditions  imposed  upon  the  agent  by  this  Act,  and 
it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  the  agent  to  appoint  a  substitute  for  the  performance  of  his  duties, 
except  in  case  of  absolute  physical  inability  to  personally  discharge  the  same,  and  the 
services  of  such  substitute  shall  at  no  time  extend  beyond  the  period  of  such  absolute 
physical  disability,  and  for  the  official  acts  of  such  substitute  the  agent  shall  be  held 
responsible. 

SEC.  II.  Thib  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage. 

Approved  February  5,  1875. 


ARKANSAS. 

SPECIAL   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   A.  H.  GARLAND. 

LITTLE  ROCK,  ARKANSAS,  February  i,  1875. 
To  THE  PRESIDENT  AND  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SENATE: 

An  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  provided  for  the  national  celebration 
of  the  "  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States,"  by  the 
holding  of  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  on 
the  4th  of  July,  1876.  The  President,  by  proclamation,  announced  the  Exhibition  and 
National  Celebration,  and  commended  them  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  all 
nations.  The  Act  of  Congress  referred  to  provided  for  the  organization  of  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission,  "whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  prepare  and  superintend  the 
execution  of  a  plan  for  holding  the  Exhibition."  Commissioners  for  the  States  and  Terri- 
tories are  appointed  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Governors  thereof  by  the  President. 

The  Hon.  E.  W.  Gantt  was  the  Commissioner  for  this  State,  and  the  Hon.  A.  Mc- 
Donald was  Alternate,  under  the  appointment  of  the  President;  but,  by  the  death  of  Mr. 
Gantt  and  the  removal  of  Mr.  McDonald  from  the  State,  both  of  these  places  are  vacant, 
and  I  have  recommended  Dr.  George  W.  Lawrence  as  Commissioner  and  George  E. 
Dodge  as  Alternate,  the  notice  of  whose  appointment  I  expect  to  receive  in  a  very 
short  time.  The  Exhibition  will  be  held  at  Fairmount  Park,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
and  will  be  opened  on  the  iQth  clay  of  April,  1876,  and  closed  on  the  ipth  day  of  October 
following.  With  this  I  send  you  a  circular  address,  from  the  Hon.  A.  T.  Goshorn,  the 


124  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  Director-General  of  the  Exhibition,  which  will  furnish  you  in  detail  the  rules  and  regula- 
Arkansas.  t;ons  a(jOpted  for  the  carrying  out  of  this  enterprise.  Most,  if  not  all,  of  the  States  have 
taken  steps  to  be  represented  in  this  display,  and  leading  foreign  nations  have  not  only 
accepted  invitations  to  take  part,  but  they  are  manifesting  a  lively  interest  in  its  success. 
The  mere  announcement  of  the  project  without  legislation  and  executive  sanction  by  the 
nation  appeals  most  strongly  to  the  sense  of  pride,  honor,  and  patriotism  of  every  citizen 
of  this  country;  but  with  the  indorsement  of  Congress  and  the  President  it  becomes  the 
duty,  and  I  believe  a  pleasing  one,  of  every  person  in  the  land  to  give  his  aid  to  this  under- 
taking. No  more  fit  place  than  Philadelphia,  around  which  cluster  so  many  cherished 
memories  of  our  past  history,  could  be  selected,  and  she,  as  well  as  her  State,  have  already 
appropriated  large  sums  of  money  to  make  the  move  all  that  could  be  desired.  Our  people 
thus  brought  together  can  show  a  progress  in  a  hundred  years  in  all  that  benefits,  improves, 
and  elevates  man  unexampled  in  the  authentic  annals  of  history ;  it  will  contribute  largely 
to  remove  the  asperities  engendered  in  past  years  between  the  people  of  the  North  and  the 
South,  and  to  strengthen  our  love  for  the  Union.  It  will  excite  a  noble  and  a  generous 
emulation  that  will  result  in  the  advancement  of  all  parts  of  the  country ;  it  will  enlarge  and 
liberalize  our  ideas  of  each  other  and  cf  foreign  nations,  and  present  us  to  these  nations 
in  a  light  that  will  be  creditable  in  the  highest  degree.  And  not  least  of  all,  it  will 
serve  to  recur  to  the  exciting  times  of  our  Revolutionary  struggle,  and  to  call  to  mind  the 
virtues  of  the  fathers  of  the  country,  and  stimulate  us  to  learn  the  lessons  of  their  lives 
afresh  and  to  preserve  pure  and  intact  the  priceless  heritage  they  bequeathed  us.  Other 
nations  have  engaged  in  these  Exhibitions,  and  with  a  success  that  has  caused  them  to  be 
regarded  almost  as  finished  and  permanent  institutions. 

Should  this  our  first  attempt  fail,  it  would  afford  cause  not  only  for  regret,  but  for  deep 
mortification  to  our  people,  to  say  nothing  of  its  effect  abroad,  and  it  should  be  a  matter  of 
pride  to  the  people,  as  well  as  to  the  States  separately,  not  only  that  it  should  not  fail,  but 
that  its  success  should  be  so  marked  as  to  reflect  honor  upon  our  name  everywhere.  Ar- 
kansas at  present  is  not  in  a  condition  to  place  herself  on  the  list  as  she  deserves  to  be,  but 
she  can  do  much  toward  this  celebration,  and  even  small  as  her  contribution  may  be,  she 
should  at  once  address  herself  to  making  it.  A  few  thousand  dollars  expended  in  this  way 
by  the  State  would  be  well  invested.  A  presentation  at  that  Exhibition  of  samples  of  the 
products  of  her  soil  and  of  her  minerals  would  do  more  to  induce  immigrants  to  ccme  to 
the  State,  and  persons  of  means  to  become  interested  here,  than  all  the  articles  and  ad- 
dresses that  we  might  print  and  disseminate  for  years.  No  action  has  as  yet  been  taken  by 
any  Legislature  of  this  State  on  this  subject,  and  before  another  shall  meet  the  Exhibition 
will  have  closed.  I  recommend,  therefore,  a  reasonable  appropriation  be  made  to  enable 
the  Commissioner  and  the  Alternate  to  prepare  for  and  secure  to  Arkansas  such  a  represen- 
tation as  will  promote  her  interest  and  be  alike  honorable  to  her  and  her  people.  She 
should  be  present  and  answer  to  her  name  at  this  great  meeting,  and  ready  to  lay  before  the 
world  her  testimonials  to  the  progress  and  prosperity  of  our  common  country,  and  to  accom- 
plish this  end  I  will  most  cheerfully  co-operate  with  the  Legislature. 

Very  respectfully, 

A.   H.  GARLAND,  Governor. 


EXTRACT  FROM   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   A.    H.    GARLAND. 

November,  1875. 

I  refer  to  my  message  at  the  last  session  on  this  subject,  and  beg  leave  to  renew  the  sug- 
gestions then  made.  The  State  Commissioners  and  the  different  Boards  appointed  by  them 
have  worked,  and  are  now  working  with  great  industry  to  have  our  State  properly  repre- 
sented at  this  Exhibition ;  but,  for  want  of  means,  they  have  not  accomplished  all  they 


APPENDIX  D. 


125 


desired.     I  have  selected  Hon.  David  Walker  as  the  orator,  to  speak  for  and  in  behalf  of  State  action 
Arkansas  at  that  time,  and  he  has  kindly  accepted  the  appointment.     I  think  it  is  due  the  Arkansas- 
event  that  a  suitable  appropriation  be  made,  and  all  other  steps  taken  by  the  Legislature 
necessary  to  place  Arkansas  creditably  in  the  list  of  the  States  and  nations  to  be  present  at 
that  national  celebration. 


ACT  OF   THE  LEGISLATURE   OF   ARKANSAS. 

Approved  November  30,  1875. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  a  proper  representation  of  the  State  of  Arkansas  at  the  Centennial 
Exhibition  in  the  year  1876. 

Whereas,  It  is  deemed  important  to  the  interests  of  the  State  of  Arkansas  that  her  great 
resources  should  be  displayed  in  a  proper  and  creditable  manner  at  the  Centennial  Inter- 
national Exhibition  to  begin  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia  on  the  loth  of  May,  and  end  on 
the  loth  of  November,  1876;  and, 

Whereas,  By  a  proper  and  judicious  expenditure  of  the  public  funds  the  importance  of 
Arkansas  as  an  agricultural  State  may  be  made  known  to  thousands  of  intelligent  farmers 
who  might  otherwise  fail  to  be  attracted  to  our  State ;  and, 

Whereas,  By  the  same  means  the  attention  of  capitalists  may  be  attracted  to  our  rich 
undeveloped  mineral  resources,  and  they  induced  to  open  up  the  means  of  enriching  them- 
selves and  the  State ;  and, 

Whereas,  The  State  of  Arkansas  is  committed  to  this  enterprise  by  the  appointment  of 
her  Commissioners,  and  their  participations  in  the  councils  of  the  National  Centennial 
Commission ;  and, 

Whereas,  It  is  desirable  that  every  possible  facility  be  afforded  for  an  influx  of  immi- 
gration, and  that  every  inducement  be  offered  for  the  employment  of  capital  in  the  devel- 
opment of  our  latent  resources ;  therefore, 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Arkansas: 

SECTION  I.  That  the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  ($15,000)  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  State  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for  the  use 
and  purposes  herein  named ;  and  the  same  shall  be  drawn,  disbursed,  and  expended  upon 
the  order  of  the  Governor. 

SEC.  2.  That  this  Act  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage. 


EXTRACT  FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   A.  H.  GARLAND. 

January  8,  1877. 

The  General  Assembly,  by  Act  of  November  30,  1875,  appropriated  the  sum  of  $15,000.00 
to  provide  for  a  proper  representation  of  Arkansas  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Phila- 
delphia. I  send  herewith  the  report  of  the  Commissioners  for  the  State,  and  a  Catalogue 
of  Exhibits,  which  will  show  how  the  appropriation  was  used,  and  in  what  manner  the 
State  was  represented.  It  appears  there  is  of  this  appropriation  unexpended  $1757.24;  the 
building  put  up  by  the  State,  and  other  property  there  belonging  to  her,  remain  undisposed  of. 
As  will  be  seen,  it  is  necessary  for  some  disposition  to  be  made  of  this  building  at  an  early 
day,  and  I  concur  in  the  view  of  the  Commissioners  on  this  subject. 

Hon.  David  Walker,  pursuant  to  my  appointment,  delivered  a  very  appropriate  speech  in 
behalf  of  the  State  at  the  Exhibition,  on  the  1 6th  day  of  October.  A  faithful  history  of  the 
State,  this  speech  is  interesting  and  valuable,  and  the  Commissioners  and  myself  have  en- 
deavored to  give  it  an  extensive  circulation,  not  only  in  this  State,  but  in  all  the  States. 


126 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


State  action. 
Arkansas. 


Arkansas  is  under  obligations  to  Judge  Walker  for  the  able  manner  in  which  he  presented 
her  to  the  public  at  this  Exhibition. 

I  believe  the  sentiment  all  over  the  State  agrees  with  that  expressed  by  the  Commis- 
sioners, that  this  was  a  wise  step  on  the  part  of  Arkansas,  and  her  Centennial  investment 
was,  in  every  point  of  view,  a  good  one.  The  general  display  has  received  the  applause 
of  the  world,  and  in  this  our  State  has  her  full  share.  For  one,  I  am  glad  she  took  part  in 
the  Exhibition,  feeling  well  convinced  that  the  substantial  benefits  that  will  flow  from  it  to 
the  State  will  exceed  beyond  measure  the  sum  appropriated. 

I  have  recently  received  from  Hon.  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General  of  the  Exhibition, 
a  report  of  the  Judges  making  an  award  in  favor  of  Arkansas,  on  account  of  the  building 
erected  by  her,  as  well  as  on  account  of  the  display  by  the  State  of  her  natural  and  indus- 
trial products.  The  Director-General  informs  me  that  due  notice  will  be  given  when  the 
diploma  and  medal  on  this  award  will  be  ready  for  delivery.  The  letter  of  the  Director- 
General,  together  with  the  report,  I  take  pleasure  in  laying  before  you. 

To  the  Commissioners,  Messrs.  Geo.  W.  Lawrence  and  Geo.  E.  Dodge,  for  their  inde- 
fatigable efforts,  unflagging  zeal,  and  great  good  sense,  displayed  without  compensation, 
throughout  the  whole  period  of  this- Exhibition,  the  State  is  greatly  indebted.  Many  testi- 
monials as  to  the  value  of  their  services  have  come  to  me  from  all  directions.  For  this  labor 
of  no  small  proportions  an  appreciative  people  will  ever  hold  them  in  grateful  recollection. 

Some  few  accounts,  amounting  to  several  hundred  dollars,  for  work  done  and  materials 
furnished  the  State  Board,  before  the  Centennial  appropriation  was  made,  have  come  to  me 
for  payment.  The  construction  I  placed  upon  the  law  appropriating  this  money  would  not 
permit  me  to  pay  these  sums  out  of  that  appropriation.  I  have  been  informed  that  the  work 
was  done  and  the  materials  were  furnished  to  the  State  Board,  and  the  State  got  the  benefit 
of  them  in  her  display  at  the  Exhibition.  I  would  recommend,  if  upon  inquiry  this  be  found 
to  be  true,  these  accounts  be  paid  by  the  Legislature  out  of  the  unexpended  appropriation, 
or  one  to  be  made  for  that  particular  purpose.  These  accounts  are  set  forth  in  petitions  to 
me  by  A.  W.  Bishop  and  W.  E.  Woodruff,  herewith  transmitted. 


Colorado.  COLORADO. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  S.  H.  ELBERT. 

January  6,  1874. 

The  Centennial  Commission  has  intrusted  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion to  a  Director-General,  who,  in  a  recent  communication,  says : 

"  To  provide  for  the  efficient  adjustment  of  the  preliminaries  to  the  Exhibition,  and  to 
organize  a  uniform  system  to  this  end  throughout  the  United  States,  the  several  States  and 
Territories  are  invited  and  recommended  to  appoint,  as  early  as  possible,  State  Centennial 
Managers,  not  exceeding  five  in  number.  They  should  be  selected  entirely  with  regard  to 
their  familiarity  with  the  resources,  arts,  and  products  of  their  State,  their  business  expe- 
rience, and  executive  skill.  The  State  Managers,  with  the  United  States  Commissioner 
and  Alternate  Commissioner,  shall  constitute  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for 
each  State  and  Territory. 

"  On  the  State  Board  will  devolve  all  the  responsibility  of  organizing  its  State  or  Terri- 
tory, and  of  securing  its  thorough  representation  in  the  Exhibition.  It  will  have  to  care 
for  the  interests  of  its  own  State,  and  of  its  citizens,  in  matters  relating  to  the  Exhibition ; 
to  disseminate  information  about  it ;  to  issue  invitations  to  participate ;  to  receive  and  pro- 
nounce upon  applications  fcr  space ;  to  apportion  the  space  placed  at  its  disposal  among 
the  exhibitors  from  its  State ;  and  to  supervise  such  other  details  relating  to  the  representa- 
tion of  its  citizens  in  the  Exhibition  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  delegated  to  it  by  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commission. 


APPENDIX  D. 


127 


"  It  is  of  extreme  importance  that  the  State  Boards  shall  be  organized  and  at  work  at  the  State  nciion. 
earliest  day  possible.     It  is  hoped  that  all  may  have  been  appointed  before  April  I,  1874."  Colorado- 

In  its  patriotic  aspects,  the  object  of  the  celebration  is  arousing  the  enthusiasm  and 
emulation  of  the  States,  and  I  am  certain  our  people  will  not  be  without  a  patriotic  desire 
to  contribute  to  the  interest  and  the  success  of  the  occasion. 

It  will  be  your  pleasant  and  patriotic  duty  to  take  the  necessary  steps  to  spread  before 
the  eyes  of  the  world,  upon  that  interesting  occasion,  the  rich  products  of  your  farms  and 
mines.  In  these  two  departments  of  industry  there  is  no  reason  why  Colorado  should  not 
compete  successfully  for  supremacy.  Aside  from  its  patriotic  aspects,  the  occasion  will  be 
one  which  we  should  improve  to  the  full  measure  of  our  ability,  and  which  it  would  be 
most  unwise  to  neglect  as  an  opportunity  of  displaying  to  the  world  the  wealth  and  resources 
of  our  Territory. 


EXTRACT   FROM  THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   JOHN   L.  ROUTT. 

January  5,  1876. 

Immediate  steps  should  be  taken  to  secure  a  proper  representation  of  our  mineral  and 
other  products  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  Philadelphia.  Inasmuch  as  some 
of  the  counties  and  many  of  our  citizens  have,  with  commendable  spirit  and  liberality, 
made  preparations  to  take  part  in  that  great  National  Exhibition,  the  Territory  should  not 
be  tardy  in  showing  the  same  activity  by  making  an  ample  appropriation  for  that  object. 
The  fund  so  set  apart  might  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Commissioners  already 
appointed,  to  be  expended  under  such  rules. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  COLORADO. 

Approved  February  n,  1876. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  Representation  of  tJu  Territory  of  Colorado  at  the  Centennial 

Exhibition. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Council  and  House  of  Representatives  of  Colorado  Territory  : 

SECTION  I.  That  the  concurrent  resolution  approved  January  24,  1874,  providing  for 
appointment  of  Centennial  Board  of  Managers,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  repealed. 

SEC.  2.  For  the  purpose  of  representing  Colorado  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  there 
shall  be  appropriated  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  out  of  any  funds  not  otherwise 
appropriated. 

SEC.  3.  The  Governor  shall  appoint,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Council,  two  Com- 
missioners for  the  Territory  of  Colorado.  Said  Commissioners  shall  have  charge  of  all  arti- 
cles or  products  to  be  exhibited,  and  shall  have  authority  to  receipt  for  all  special  articles 
for  which  a  receipt  may  be  required.  They  shall  have  charge  of  and  be  accountable  for 
all  articles  or  products  donated  to  this  Territory  for  exhibition  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition. 
They  shall  have  power  to  make  such  arrangements  for  space  as  they  may  deem  necessary, 
and  to  prepare  the  same  for  the  proper  display  of  articles,  and  to  make  such  other  arrange- 
ments for  the  Exhibition  as  is  necessary  ;  to  draw  warrants  upon  the  Treasurer  of  the  Terri- 
tory (with sworn  vouchers  attached)  for  the  same,  all  such  warrants  to  be  countersigned  by 
the  Governor ;  but  in  no  case  shall  the  sum  or  sums  so  drawn  exceed  in  the  total  the  sum 
of  ten  thousand  dollars  ($10,000),  said  warrants  to  be  drawn  on  any  funds  in  the  treasury 
not  otherwise  appropriated  by  any  of  the  Acts  of  the  eleventh  Legislative  Assembly  of 
Colorado  Territory ;  and  the  Auditor  of  the  Territory  is  authorized  and  requested  to  write 
across  the  face  of  said  warrants  the  words,  Centennial  Exhibition. 

S»«*.  4.  All  counties,  districts,  or  individuals  wishing  to  send  articles  to  said  Exhibition, 
may  do  so  by  delivering  the  same  in  shipping  order  at  the  depots  of  any  railroads  located 


128 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


State  action. 
Colorado. 


in  the  City  of  Denver  or  City  of  Pueblo,  where  said  articles  are  to  be  taken  in  charge  by 
said  Commissioners  for  the  Territory,  and  cared  for  and  transmitted  to  (and  from  the  Ex- 
hibition, if  required)  free  of  any  and  all  costs  or  expenses  to  said  counties,  districts,  or  in- 
dividuals ;  Provided,  that  neither  the  Territory  nor  the  Commissioners  shall  be  responsible 
to  the  owners  thereof  for  the  safe  transportation  or  custody  of  any  of  said  articles. 

SEC.  5.  The  Commissioners  appointed  shall  give  their  personal  attention  to  the  display 
of  such  articles  as  are  sent,  and  give  such  information  to  the  public,  there  and  elsewhere, 
as  they  may  deem  necessary  for  the  interests  of  the  Territory,  either  by  printed  circulars, 
statements,  or  otherwise. 

SEC.  6.  The  said  Commissioners  shall  each  receive  a  compensation  of  $150  per  month 
for  their  services,  commencing  the  1st  day  of  March,  1876,  and  ending  November  I,  1876, 
and  for  no  longer;  and  shall  give  a  bond,  to  be  approved  by  the  Governor  and  Territorial 
Treasurer,  in  the  sum  of  $10,000,  for  the  faithful  expenditure  of  said  sum  hereby  appro- 
priated. 

SEC.  7.  The  Commissioners  so  appointed  may,  at  their  discretion,  employ  an  assistant  or 
substitute,  in  case  they  cannot,  from  any  cause,  attend  to  the  duties  herein  prescribed;  Pro- 
vided, said  assistant  or  substitute  be  compensated  for  such  services  by  the  Commissioners 
out  of  the  said  allowance  of  $150  per  month,  and  not  otherwise. 

SEC.  8.  If  the  fund  provided  for  in  this  Act  shall  not  be  exhausted  by  the  Commissioners, 
the  residue  shall  be  transferred  from  the  same  to  the  several  appropriations  made  at  the 
present  session  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  in  proportion  to  their  respective  amounts. 

Approved  February  u,  1876. 


Connecticut. 


CONNECTICUT. 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  CHARLES  R.  INGERSOLL. 

May  5,  1875. 

With  the  present  year  commences  a  period  of  peculiar  interest  to  the  American  people, 
— the  Centennial  period  of  their  Revolutionary  struggle  and  the  successful  establishment 
of  their  Independence  and  Union.  It  is  filled  with  anniversaries  of  days  memorable  in 
our  history,  and  their  continual  recurrence  cannot  but  excite  sentiments  and  emotions  which 
it  is  a  patriotic  duty  to  foster. 

The  plan  for  commemorating  this  period  by  an  Industrial  Exhibition,  not  only  of  all  our 
own  States  but  other  nations,  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  States  Government,  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  has  been  prosecuted  with  so  much  energy  that  its  success  is  now 
believed  to  be  fully  assured.  While  but  little  preparation  has  as  yet  been  made  by  the 
people  of  Connecticut  for  a  participation  in  this  Exhibition,  I  do  not  doubt  that,  as  we 
approach  the  Centennial  year,  an  interest  in  its  object  will  be  manifested  becoming  the 
prominence  of  our  State,  not  only  in  the  historic  associations  belonging  to  that  year,  but  in 
the  development  of  industry  and  art  which  has  characterized  the  American  people  during 
the  past  century.  I  recommend  to  you  such  legislative  action  as  may  be  necessary  to  pro- 
mote this  interest. 


ACT   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   CONNECTICUT. 

Approved  July  15,  1875. 
AN  ACT  to  secure  the  representation  of  Connecticut  in  the  Centennial  Celebration  and 

International  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia  in  1876. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  General  Assembly  convened  : 

SECTION  I.  That  a  Board  of  Managers  is  hereby  constituted  to  consist  of  ten  persons, 

whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  take  such  action  as  to  them  shall  seem  proper  to  secure  a  due 


APPENDIX  D. 


I29 


representation  at  the  International  Exhibition  in   1876  of  the  arts,  industries,  and  institu-  State  action, 
tions  of  Connecticut,  and  to  expend  at  their  discretion  for  such  purpose  such  sums  as  may  Cx 
be  needed,  not  exceeding  fifteen  thousand  dollars.     And  said  money  shall  be  paid  cut  of 
the  treasury,  in  such  sums,  and  at  such  times,  as  may  be  needed,  upon  the  requisition  of 
said  Board  approved  by  the  Governor. 

SEC.  2.  The  Governor,  the  member  and  alternate  member  from  this  State,  of  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission,  shall  be  ex-officio  members  of  said  Board,  and  the  others 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor. 

SEC.  3.  The  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated  from  the  treasury 
of  the  State  in  aid  of  the  purposes  of  this  Act :  fifteen  thousand  dollars  of  which,  or  so 
much  thereof  as  may  be  needed,  to  be  expended  by  said  Board  as  hereinbefore  provided  for, 
and  the  remaining  ten  thousand  dollars  to  be  paid  to  the  United  States  Centennial  Board- 
of  Finance,  under  the  direction  of  the  Governor,  for  the  purposes  of  said  Board,  as  defined 
in  the  Act  of  Congress  constituting  the  same. 

Approved  July  15,  1875. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  CONNECTICUT. 

Approved  July  22,  1875. 

AN  ACT  suspending  a  portion  of  Title  X.  of  the  General  Statutes  of  Connecticut  for  the 

year  1876. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  General  Assembly  convened  : 

SECTION  I.  The  Commander-in-Chief  may  at  his  discretion  suspend  the  annual  spring 
parade  and  fall  encampment  of  the  National  Guard  of  this  State  for  the  year  1876. 

SEC.  2.  In  case  he  shall  so  suspend  said  parade  and  encampment,  he  may  permit  the 
brigade,  including  the  section  of  artillery,  to  attend,  for  a  period  not  exceeding  six  successive 
days,  the  National  Centennial  at  Philadelphia,  at  such  time  as  may  be  by  him  determined ; 
and  the  Quartermaster-General  shall  furnish  camp  equipage  for  the  same ;  but  the  expense 
to  the  State  of  such  transportation  and  encampment  at  Philadelphia  shall  not  exceed  the 
total  amount  which  would  be  paid  for  the  parades  and  encampment  in  this  State  in  the 
year  1876. 

SEC.  3.  The  pay  for  said  transportation,  encampment,  and  parade  shall  be  the  same  as 
is  now  by  law  provided. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  CHARLES  R.  INGERSOLL. 

May  3,  1876. 

Under  the  authority  of  the  Act  of  the  last  General  Assembly  I  directed  ten  thousand  dol- 
lars to  be  paid  to  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  for  their  purposes,  and  I  appointed  a 
Board  of  Managers  to  secure  a  proper  representation  of  the  arts  and  industries  of  this  State 
at  the  Exhibition.  This  Board  has  appointed  an  agent,  of  experience  at  the  Paris  and 
Vienna  Exhibitions,  for  the  assistance  of  Connecticut  exhibitors,  erected  on  the  Exhibition 
grounds  an  appropriate  building  for  the  convenience  of  Connecticut  visitors,  and  in  various 
ways  so  promoted  the  object  of  their  appointment  as  to  insure  a  highly  satisfactory  display 
of  the  diversified  industry  of  the  State  at  the  Exhibition.  The  number  of  exhibitors  from 
this  State  in  the  mechanical  and  manufacturing  departments  will  be  about  three  hundred, 
representing  at  least  fifty  different  branches  of  those  industries.  The  appropriation  of 
fifteen  thousand  dollars  made  by  the  last  General  Assembly  will  be  sufficient  for  the 
purposes  of  the  State  Board. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States,  at  its  present  session,  have  passed  a  Joint  Resolution 
recommending  the  people  of  the  several  States  to  assemble  in  their  several  counties  or  towns 

9 


130  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 

State  action.  On  the  approaching  Centennial  Anniversary  of  our  National  Independence,  and  to  have 
cut-  delivered  on  such  day  an  historical  sketch  of  such  county  or  town,  from  its  formation,  to  the 
intent  that,  by  filing  the  same  in  the  Clerk's  office  of  such  county,  and  in  the  office  of  the 
Librarian  of  Congress,  a  complete  history  may  be  obtained  of  the  progress  of  our  institutions 
during  the  first  century  of  their  existence.  This  resolution  has  been  brought  to  my  attention 
by  the  Department  of  State  at  Washington,  and  I  submit  the  same  to  you  for  any  action 
that  may  be  proper. 

It  has  also  been  proposed  to  commemorate  the  Centennial  year  by  planting  trees  in  our 
several  towns,  where  they  may  remain  to  adorn  our  public  places,  as  well  as  to  serve  as 
patriotic  memorials ;  and  the  plan  has  been  received  with  general  favor,  and  has  been  acted 
on  in  many  of  the  towns  in  this  State.  In  either  of  its  aspects,  the  proposition  is  so  well 
fitted  to  promote  a  healthy  public  spirit  that  I  deem  it  worthy  of  mention  on  this  occasion> 


RESOLUTION   OF  THE  LEGISLATURE   OF  'CONNECTICUT, 

Regulating  the  Payment  of  the  Connecticut  National  Gttard  at  Philadelphia. 

Approved  June  20,  1876. 

Resolved  by  this  Assembly  :  That  all  payments  by  the  Paymaster-General  for  services 
rendered  at  the  encampment  of  the  Connecticut  National  Guard  at  Philadelphia  may  be 
made  at  said  encampment ;  Provided,  however,  that  the  pay-rolls  for  said  services  shall  be 
first  made  in  duplicate,  and  approved  by  the  Adjutant-General,  as  now  by  law  provided. 


ACT   OF   THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   CONNECTICUT. 

Approved  June  28,  1876. 
AN  ACT  to  permit  the  Governor's  Horse  and  Foot  Guards  to  attend  the  National  Centennial 

at  Philadelphia. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  General  Assembly  convened : 
SECTION  I.  That  the  Commander-in-Chief  may  at  his  discretion  suspend  the  annual  fall 
parade  of  the  two  companies,  Governor's  horse  and  foot  guard,  of  this  State  for  the  year  1876, 
SEC.  2.  In  case  he  shall  suspend  said  parade,  he  may  permit  the  four  companies  to 
attend,  for  a  period  not  exceeding  six  successive  days,  the  National  Centennial  at  Philadel- 
phia, and  the  Quartermaster-General  shall  furnish  transportation  for  the  same. 

SEC.  3.  The  pay  for  such  parade  and  transportation  shall  be  at  the  rate  of  and  not  exceed 
fifteen  dollars  for  each  man  in  the  two  companies  of  horse  guards,  and  ten  dollars  for  each 
man  in  the  foot  guards. 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   CONNECTICUT. 

Approved  July  7,  1876. 

Resolved  by  this  Assembly  : 

SECTION  I.  That  the  people  of  the  several  towns  of  this  State  be  earnestly  recommended 
to  make  immediate  arrangements  for,  and  to  properly  celebrate,  the  coming  Centennial 
Fourth  of  July  in  their  several  towns,  and  to  take  action  at  that  time  in  regard  to  the  prep- 
aration of  sketches  of  Revolutionary  and  Centennial  history,  as  suggested  in  the  Governor's 
message. 

SEC.  2.  His  Excellency  the  Governor  is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  a  suitable  person 
as  Commissioner,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  immediately  notify  the  people  of  the  several 
towns,  by  circulars  or  otherwise,  of  this  action  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  who  shall 


APPENDIX  D.  131 

revise,  compile,  copyright,  and  publish  in  book  form,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Gov-  State  action 
ernor,  the  historical  sketches  before  mentioned ;  and  shall  receive  therefor  such  suitable  Connecticut 
compensation,  not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars,  as  the  Governor  may  direct. 

SEC.  3.  One  copy  of  such  book  shall  be  furnished  to  each  of  the  State  officers  and  mem- 
bers of  the  present  General  Assembly  of  this  State,  to  each  of  the  towns  of  this  State,  to 
each  of  the  several  States  of  the  United  States,  to  each  of  the  school  and  public  libraries  of 
this  State,  and  one  hundred  copies  be  at  the  disposal  of  the  Governor,  to  distribute  or 
deposit,  as  he  may  see  fit ;  and  one  copy  shall  be  given  to  the  person  in  each  town  who 
sh,all  prepare  and  forward  the  matter  appertaining  to  such  town ;  such  person  to  be  selected 
by  the  residents  of  the  town  on  or  before  the  Fourth  of  July,  1876;  and  in  case  of  contest 
as  to  who  shall  be  so  selected,  the  Selectmen  and  Town  Clerk  shall  decide. 

Approved  July  7,  1876. 


DELAWARE. 

Delaware. 

EXTRACT   FROM    THE    MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   JAMES   PONDER. 

January  5,  1875. 

A  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independence  is  to  be 
held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  during  the  next  year  by  an  exhibition  of  the  products  and 
resources  of  the  country. 

The  co-operation  of  every  State  in  the  Union  is  desired  by  those  having  the  charge  of 
the  celebration,  so  as  to  make  it  worthy  of  the  American  Republic.  The  Centennial  Com- 
mission, through  the  Director-General,  Hon.  A.  T.  Goshorn,  desires  that  State  Boards  be 
appointed  to  co-operate  with  the  National  Board  of  Commissioners  as  the  most  effectual 
means  of  securing  the  desired  end.  The  appointment  of  a  State  Board  to  represent  this 
State  and  arrange  for  the  proper  exhibition  of  its  products  will  doubtless  aid  such  of  our 
citizens  as  desire  to  participate  in  the  celebration  by  exhibiting  their  articles  of  manufacture 
or  other  productions.  Gentlemen  in  this  State  would  doubtless  volunteer  to  act  as  members 
of  a  State  Commission,  and  I  therefore  recommend  that  authority  be  given  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  such  a  Board. 


JOINT   RESOLUTION   OF   THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   DELAWARE. 

Adopted  March  25,  1875. 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  Houi>e  of  Representatives  of  the  State  of  Delaware  in  Gen- 
eral Assembly  met  : 

FIRST.  That  Dr.  Allen  V.  Lesley,  Charles  Beasten,  Esq.,  Hon.  L.  F.  Riddle,  Dr. 
Charles  H.  Richards,  Hon.  John  W.  Cansey,  Hon.  Paynter  Frame,  John  H.  Bewley,  Esq., 
Hon.  Joseph  P.  Comegys,  and  H  m.  Henry  B.  Fiddeman  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  appointed 
to  attend  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  to  be  held  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  as  Commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  whose  duty 
it  shall  be  to  take  all  measures  necessary  to  secure  the  proper  exhibition  of  all  products  of 
the  citizens  of  this  State  which  shall  be  sent  to  the  said  Centennial  Celebration. 

SECOND.  That  whatever  expenses  may  be  incurred  under  the  above  resolution  shall  be 
paid  by  the  State  Treasurer  upon  the  warrant  of  the  Commissioners ;  Provided,  said  expenses 
shall  not  exceed  the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars. 

THIRD.  That  the  Governor  of  this  State  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to  subscribe  for 


132  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,      stock  of  the  said  Centennial  to  the  amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  and  that  the  State 
Treasurer  shall  pay  the  said  amount  upon  the  warrant  of  the  Governor. 
Adopted  at  Dover,  March  25,  1875. 

The  foregoing  is  a  true  copy  of  the  Joint  Resolution  adopted  at  Dover,  March  25,  1875. 
Attest:  IGNATIUS    C.    GRUBB,  Secretary  of  State. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   JOHN   P.  COCHRAN. 

January  2,  1877. 

A  Joint  Resolution  of  the  General  Assembly,  adopted  March  25,  1875,  directed  the 
Governor  to  subscribe  for  stock  of  the  United  States  Centennial  International  Exhibition  to 
the  amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars.  In  obedience  thereto,  and  in  behalf  of  the  State,  I 
subscribed  for  one  thousand  shares  of  said  stock  of  the  par  value  of  ten  dollars  each,  and 
the  said  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  was  duly  paid  by  the  State  Treasurer  upon  my  war- 
rant drawn  in  favor  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  and  the  proper 
certificates  of  stock  are  now  in  the  hands  of  the  State  Treasurer  for  the  use  of  the  State. 
It  is  with  satisfaction  that  I  am  able  to  announce,  upon  information  derived  from  an 
authentic  source,  that  at  least  twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the  State  subscription  will  certainly 
be  refunded  as  dividends,  even  though  the  United  States  Congressional  appropriation  of 
$1,500,000  shall  be  first  deducted  from  the  net  cash  assets  of  the  Exhibition,  and  that  pos- 
sibly ninety  per  cent,  thereof  will  be  refunded  if  said  appropriation  shall  not  be  so  deducted, 
— a  result  which  is  as  gratifying  as  it  was  unanticipated  when  the  General  Assembly,  from 
sentiments  of  patriotism  and  without  expectation  of  return,  made  our  liberal  appropriation 
in  aid  and  encouragement  of  the  great  historic  celebration  in  its  hour  of  need. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  same  Joint  Resolution  a  Commission  of  nine  citizens,  promi- 
nent representatives  of  the  various  professions  and  pursuits  within  our  State,  was  appointed  to 
attend  the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  take  all  measures  necessary  to  secure  the  proper  exhi- 
bition of  the  industries  and  products  of  the  State,  and  the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars 
was  appropriated  for  the  payment  of  all  needful  expenditures  necessarily  incurred  by  them 
in  the  discharge  of  their  duties.  These  duties,  as  is  well  known,  were  faithfully  and  satis- 
factorily discharged,  and  in  a  manner  highly  creditable  to  our  State  and  greatly  to  the 
advantage  and  convenience  of  its  people.  But  the  amount  appropriated  for  the  expendi- 
tures of  the  Commissioners,  owing  to  outlays  which  could  not  be  anticipated,  as  I  am  as- 
sured, proved  inadequate,  and  they  were  obliged  to  incur  an  indebtedness  somewhat  in 
excess  of  the  legislative  appropriation.  As  these  gentlemen  rendered  their  services  from 
public-spirited  motives,  for  the  honor  of  the  State  and  the  benefit  of  its  citizens,  and  en- 
tirely without  compensation,  it  seems  but  just  and  proper  that  any  indebtedness  incurred 
by  them  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties  to  the  State  and  its  people  should  be  paid  by  the 
State,  and  I  cordially  recommend  their  claims  for  your  favorable  consideration. 


Florida.  FLORIDA. 

EXTRACT   FROM    THE    MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   O.    B.    HART. 
January  I,  1874. 

An  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1871,  provided  for  the  national  celebration  of  the 
One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  by  the  holding  of  an 
Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine.  Commissioners 
appointed  under  said  Act  constitute  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission.  Another  Act 


APPENDIX  D. 


'33 


of  Congress  approved  June   I,  1872,  created  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  which  is  State  action 
charged  with  the  financial  administration  of  the  preparations  of  the  Exhibition.     With  the  Florida- 
aid  of  the  two  Boards,  to  wit,  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  and  the  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance,  it  is  reasonably  expected  that  the  grand  International  Exhibition  of  1876 
in  Philadelphia  will  be  worthy  our  great  country  in  the  magnificent  display  of  the  products, 
not  only  of  our  own  land,  but  of  all  other  nations.     The  Board  of  Finance  has  already  suc- 
ceeded in  raising  sufficient  funds  (over  three  millions  being  pledged)  to  justify  the  Com- 
mission in  inaugurating  the  great  work  before  it. 

The  ground  has  been  laid  out  in  Fairmount  Park,  Philadelphia  (450  acres  having  been 
reserved  for  that  purpose),  the  plan  of  the  buildings  adopted,  and  the  work  is  now  in  such 
a  state  of  forwardness  as  to  leave  no  reasonable  doubt  of  its  completion  by  the  time  fixed 
for  the  opening  of  the  Exhibition  on  the  igth  of  April,  1876.  On  the  4th  of  July  last  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  work  had  already  been  com- 
menced, issued  his  proclamation  announcing  the  Exhibition  and  National  Celebration,  and 
commended  them  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  of  all  nations. 

In  this  great  Exhibition  Florida  should  not  be  unrepresented.  The  varied  products  of 
her  soil,  if  there  fully  set  forth,  must  and  will  necessarily  attract  attention  to  the  wonderful 
resources  that  bounteous  nature  has  lavished  upon  her.  She  will  have  an  opportunity  never 
before  offered  us  of  exhibiting  to  the  world  what  climate  and  soil  have  done  for  her.  I 
recommend  the  passage  of  a  joint  resolution  authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  State  Board 
of  five  persons  State  Commissioners,  which  should  be  composed  only  of  those  who  are 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  resources  and  products  of  the  State.  It  will  be  the  duty  of 
the  Board  to  take  charge  of  the  interest  of  this  State  and  of  its  citizens  in  matters  relating 
to  the  Exhibition,  to  disseminate  the  necessary  information,  issue  invitations  to  participate, 
receive  and  pronounce  upon  applications  for  space,  to  apportion  the  space  placed  at  its  dis- 
posal, and  all  matters  relating  to  the  approaching  Exhibition,  as  far  as  the  State  is  concerned, 
should  be  transacted  through  them. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR    M.   L.    STEARNS. 

January,  1875. 

Governor  Hart,  in  his  last  annual  message,  called  the  attention  of  the  Legislature  to  the 
importance  of  having  the  varied  products  of  Florida  properly  represented  at  the  great  Inter- 
national Exhibition  of  1876,  and  recommended  the  passage  of  a  joint  resolution  authorizing 
the  appointment  of  a  Board  of  State  Commissioners  to  take  charge  of  the  interests  of  the 
State  and  of  its  citizens  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  Exhibition.  The  Legislature,  how- 
•  .ever,  took  no  action,  and  as  the  matter  could  not  be  longer  deferred,  I  assumed  the  respon- 
sibility, in  April  last,  of  appointing  the  following  Board,  viz. :  Judge  Charles  H.  Du  Pont, 
of  Quincy;  Hon.  T.  W.  Osborn,  of  Jacksonville;  Dr.  Arthur  V.  Conover,  of  St.  Augus- 
tine; Hon.  George  E.  Wentworth,  of  Pensacola;  and  Hon.  Edward  C.  Howe,  of  Key  West. 
These  gentlemen  accepted  the  trust,  except  the  first  named,  who  declined,  and  in  his  place 
I  have  appointed  Hon.  D.  S.  Walker,  who  has  signified  his  acceptance.  I  submit  this  action 
to  your  honorable  body  for  approval,  and  ask  that  you  clothe  them  with  the  necessary 
authority  to  carry  into  full  effect  the  objects  of  their  appointment. 

I  cannot  but  express  my  surprise  and  regret  at  the  indifference  with  which  the  people 
of  Florida  seem  to  regard  this  important  Exhibition.  It  offers  an  opportunity  never  before 
presented,  and  which  may  perhaps  never  be  presented  again,  of  displaying  before  our  sister 
States  and  the  world  our  abundant,  but  as  yet  undeveloped,  agricultural  and  industrial 
resources,  and  of  placing  Florida  in  her  proper  position  as  one  of  the  most  favored  States  in 
the  Union.  The  women  of  Florida,  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  Ellen  Call  Long,  Com- 
missioner for  Florida  of  the  Women's  United  States  Centennial  Auxiliary  Association, 


J34 


INTERN  A  TIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 


si;  t,  .ution.  whose  eloquent  appeal,  issued  in  October  last,  should  have  found  a  ready  echo  in  every 
patriotic  heart,  have  already  set  to  work,  and  I  sincerely  trust  that  the  men  of  Florida  will 
not  be  long  behind  them  in  seeking  to  uphold  the  dignity  and  advance  the  fame  of  their 
beautiful  State. 


Georgia  GEORGIA. 

RESOLUTION   OF   THE   GENERAL   ASSEMBLY   OF   GEORGIA. 
Approved  March  6,  1875. 

Resolved,  That  his  Excellency  the  Governor  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  re- 
quested to  cause  the  proper  steps  to  be  taken,  under  the  direction  and  control  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  Agriculture,  for  affording  the  necessary  facilities  to  the  people  of  this  State 
for  forwarding  and  exhibiting  products  of  the  soil  and  mines,  mechanics,  and  other  resources 
of  the  State,  at  the  approaching  Centennial  Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  year  1876,  and  in  visiting  the  same;  Provided,  that  persons  receiving  the 
benefit  of  such  facilities  and  organization  be  first  required  to  pay  such  sum  as  will  cover  all 
expenses.  The  State  to  be  in  no  way  liable  for  any  expense  or  costs  incurred,  of  any  kind, 
but  the  same  to  be  borne,  exclusively,  by  the  persons  taking  the  benefits  as  aforesaid,  under 
such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  Governor  may  prescribe,  by  which,  with  combined  action, 
exhibitors  may  obtain  the  best  advantages  in  reduction  of  freights  and  passage,  order,  and 
safety  in  the  exhibition  and  care  of  the  property. 

Resolved,  further,  That  the  State  University  be  requested  to  furnish  the  proper  data  for 
the  Bureau  of  History  and  Statistics  in  the  approaching  Centennial  Exhibition,  and  for  this 
purpose  the  officers  of  the  University,  or  persons  charged  by  it  with  the  work,  have  access 
to  the  archives  and  public  library  of  the  State,  and  the  State  Geologist  be  requested  to  fur- 
nish the  necessary  surveys,  geological  information,  and  specimens  from  his  office ;  Provided, 
that  this  work  be  accomplished  with  no  expense  to  the  State,  beyond  the  actual  cost  of 
freight  and  handling  of  the  articles  and  packages  sent  by  said  University  and  the  State 
Geologist  as  aforesaid,  a  schedule  and  estimate  of  which  shall  be  made  and  filed  in  the 
Executive  Office,  and  approved  by  the  Governor  before  the  articles  are  sent. 


Idaho.  IDAHO. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE    MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR  T.  W.  BENNETT. 

December  8,  1874. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States,  by  an  Act  of  March  3,  1871,  authorized  and  made 
provision  for  duly  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  our  National  Independ- 
ence, by  holding  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  an  "  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manu- 
factures, and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine."  This  Exhibition  will  open  on  the  iQth  day 
of  April,  1876,  and  continue  six  months.  The  President,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the 
several  Governors,  has  appointed  one  Commissioner  and  one  Alternate  Commissioner  in 
each  State  and  Territory.  In  this  Territory  the  Commissioners  are  the  Hon.  Thomas  Don- 
aldson and  C.  W.  Moore,  Esq.,  gentlemen  whose  ability,  energy,  and  thorough  acquaint- 
ance with  the  subject  render  them  eminently  fitted  for  the  performance  of  the  duties 
imposed  upon  them.  And  in  pursuance  of  official  instructions  to  me,  I  have  appointed  a 
Board  of  Managers  for  this  Territory.  My  instructions  as  to  the  duties  of  this  Board  are 
as  follows,  viz. : 

"  To  provide  for  the  efficient  adjustment  of  the  preliminaries  to  the  Exhibition,  and  to 
organize  a  imiform  system  to  thii  end  throughout  the  United  States,  the  several  States  and 


APPENDIX  D.  !35 

Territories  are  invited  and  recommended  to  appoint,  as  early  as  possible,  State  Centennial  State  action 
Managers.     They  should  be  selected  entirely  with  regard  to  their  familiarity  with  the  Id  ho> 
resources,  arts,  and  products  of  their  State,  their  business  experience,  and  executive  skill. 
The  State  Managers,  with  the  United  States  Commissioner  and  Alternate  Commissioner, 
shall  constitute  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for  each  State  and  Territory. 

"  On  the  State  Board  will  devolve  all  the  responsibility  of  organizing  its  State  or  Terri- 
tory, and  of  securing  its  thorough  representation  in  the  Exhibition.  It  will  have  to  care  for 
the  interests  of  its  own  State  and  of  its  citizens  in  matters  relating  to  the  Exhibition;  to  dis- 
seminate information  about  it ;  to  issue  invitations  to  participate ;  to  receive  and  pronounce 
upon  applications  for  space ;  to  apportion  the  space  placed  at  its  disposal  among  the  exhib- 
itors from  its  State ;  and  to  supervise  such  other  details  relating  to  the  representation  of  its 
citizens  in  the  Exhibition  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  delegated  to  it  by  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission." 

This  Board  of  Managers  consists  of  the  following-named  gentlemen,  the  mention  of 
whose  names  I  am  assured  will  inspire  the  confidence  of  the  people,  viz. :  General  L.  F. 
Cartee,  Hon.  John  Hailey,  Thomas  E.  Logan,  Esq.,  J.  C.  Isaacs,  Esq.,  Thomas  Ranney, 
Esq.,  A.  Rossi,  Esq.,  C.  Jacobs,  Esq.,  Austin  Savage,  Esq.,  Boise  City;  W.  J.  Hill,  Esq., 
Silver  City;  Hon.  Ben.  Wilson,  Pioneer  City;  Hon.  L.  P.  Brown,  Mount  Idaho;  Hon. 
John  McNally,  Red  Warrior.  A  majority  of  the  Board  were  appointed  from  Boise  City  in 
order  that  a  quorum  could  always  be  had  for  business. 

The  object  of  the  Exhibition  is  a  grand  one.  As  a  celebration  of  the  great  event  which 
gave  birth  to  this  mighty  Republic,  it  is  calculated  to  inspire  every  citizen  with  the  patriotic 
resolve,  that  as  our  fathers  have  transmitted  these  free  institutions  to  us  through  the  cen- 
tury passed,  so  we  will  transmit  them  onward  through  the  century  to  come,  growing  brighter 
and  grander  as  they  go.  As  an  exhibition  of  the  arts,  products,  and  industries  of  the"  coun- 
try, its  effects  will  be  momentous  for  good  throughout  the  civilized  world.  The  Exhibition 
is  to  be  held  at  the  right  time,  and  in  the  right  place.  Through  you.  the  people's  repre- 
sentatives, I  beseech  of  them  a  hearty  co-operation,  to  the  end  that  the  great  resources  of 
Idaho  may  be  made  known  to  the  world,  and  the  success  of  the  great  enterprise  assured. 


ILLINOIS.  Illinois. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF   GOVERNOR  JOHN  L.  BEVERIDGE. 

January  6,  1874. 

I  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  the  Legislature  to  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876, 
in  Philadelphia,  and  submit  herewith  for  its  consideration  a  circular,  issued  November  12, 
1873,  ty  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  inviting  the  several  States  and  Terri- 
tories to  appoint  State  Centennial  Managers.  The  importance  of  this  Exhibition,  inter- 
national in  its  character,  commemorative  of  American  Independence,  and  associated  with 
the  honor  and  future  prosperity  of  the  nation,  demands  that  the  arts,  manufactures,  and 
products  of  the  soil  and  mines  of  Illinois  be  well  represented ;  and  I  ask  that  the  Legisla- 
ture take  early  action,  and  intimate,  by  law  or  resolution,  the  will  of  the  people  in  this  matter. 


JOINT  RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  ILLINOIS. 

Adapted  March  30,  1874. 

Whereas,  The  United  States  Centennial  Commission  has  requested  the  appointment,  in 
each  State,  of  a  State  Board  of  Managers  to  represent  their  respective  States  at  the  Interna- 
tional Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  1876;  therefore, 

Resolved  by  the  Senate,  the  House  concurring  herein.  That  the  Governor  be,  and  is 


136  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,  hereby,  authorized  to  appoint  a  State  Board  of  Managers,  consisting  of  seven  members, 
two  of  whom  shall  be  the  United  States  Centennial  Commissioners,  and  Alternate^  hereto- 
fore appointed  to  represent  the  interests  of  this  State  at  the  International  Exhibition,  to  be 
held  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  1876;  and  the  Governor  is  also  authorized  to  require  the 
State  Board  of  Managers  annually  to  report  to  him  their  proceedings  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  January,  to  be  by  him  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly ;  Provided,  that  said  Board 
of  Managers  shall  not  incur  any  expenses,  personal  or  otherwise,  on  behalf  of  the  State. 
Adopted  March  30,  1874. 

EXTRACT  FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  L.  BEVERIDGE. 

January  6,  1875. 

The  Twenty-eighth  General  Assembly,  by  resolution,  authorized  the  appointment  of  a 
State  Board  of  Managers  to  represent  Illinois  in  the  International  Exhibition,  to  be  held  in 
Philadelphia,  in  1876,  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  with 
instructions  to  report  to  this  Legislature. 

The  Board  was  appointed,  and  their  report  will  be  transmitted  to  the  General  Assembly 
when  received. 

I  wish  to  impress  upon  the  Legislature,  and  upon  the  people  of  the  State,  the  importance 
and  magnitude  of  this  International  Exhibition. 

It  will  open  on  the  iQth  day  of  April,  in  commemoration  of  the  battle  of  Lexington, 
the  beginning  of  the  Revolutionary  struggle;  it  will  close  on  the  I9th  day  of  October,  in 
commemoration  of  the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown,  the  triumph  of  American 
arms. 

It,  is  inaugurated  in  honor  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  our  independence, 
and  of  the  Centennial  year  of  our  national  existence;  and  to  exhibit  to  the  world  our  won- 
derful growth,  development,  wealth,  and  resources,  our  arts  and  industries,  our  civilization 
and  national  greatness,  and  the  glory  and  magnificence  of  American  institutions. 

Up  to  the  1 8th  of  last  December  twenty-two  foreign  Governments  had  signified  their 
intention  to  participate  in  the  Exhibition,  and  unofficial  advices  had  been  received  of  exten- 
sive preparations  being  made  in  four  others  for  a  large  display  of  their  industries. 

These  Governments  represent  both  continents,  and  are  among  the  oldest,  most  powerful, 
and  most  enlightened  nations  of  the  earth. 

Illinois  should  share  in  the  honor  and  advantages  of  this  Exhibition,  and  I  recommend 
such  action  on  the  part  of  the  General  Assembly  as  will  secure  to  the  State  a  notable  repre- 
sentation of  its  history,  industry,  art,  mechanism,  minerals,  manufactories,  and  agriculture. 


SPECIAL  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN   L.  BEVERIDGE. 

February  17,  1875. 
To  THE  HONORABLE  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES: 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  the  annual  report  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Man- 
agers for  the  year  1874.  This  Board  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  in  1874,  in  accordance 
with  the  Joint  Resolution  of  the  General  Assembly,  adopted  by  the  Senate  January  30, 
1874,  as  follows: 

[See  resolution  printed  above.] 

As  will  be  seen  by  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  they  desire,  in  the  furtherance 
of  their  duties,  an  appropriation  of  ten  thousand  dollars  from  the  State. 

In  view  of  the  near  approach  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  and  its  prospective  impor- 
tance to  the  industrial  and  other  interests  of  our  State,  I  recommend  a  proper  consideration 
of  their  request,  as  has  been  indicated  in  my  Annual  Message. 

JOHN   L.  BEVERIDGE,  Governor. 


APPENDIX  D.  137 

ACT  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF   ILLINOIS.  State  action. 

Illinois. 
April  8,  1875. 

A  BILL  for  an  Act  to  appropriate  money  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  State  Board  of  Man- 
agers to  represent  Illinois  in  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  at  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  and 
facilitate  a  proper  representation  of  the  Industries  of  this  State  in  said  Exhibition. 
Whereas,  In  accordance  with  a  Joint  Resolution  of  the  Twenty-eighth  General  Assem- 
bly, a  State  Board  of  Managers,  to  represent  the  interests  of  Illinois  in  the  Centennial  Ex- 
hibition, at  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  have  been  appointed  ;  And  whereas,  it  is  necessary  to  a 
proper  discharge  of  their  duties  that  the  State  should  provide  the  necessary  funds  to  defray 
the  expenses  thereof;  therefore, 

SECTION  i.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  people  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  represented  in  the  General 
Assembly,  That  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is 
hereby  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  State  Board  of  Managers,  appointed  to  represent 
Illinois  in  the  International  Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

SEC.  2.  The  Auditor  is  hereby  directed  to  draw  his  warrant  upon  the  Treasurer,  upon 
vouchers  approved  by  the  Governor,  for  the  expenses  incurred  by  said  State  Board  of  Man- 
agers, and  certified  by  the   President  and  Secretary  of  said  Board;  Provided,  that  the 
members  of  said  Board  of  Managers  shall  receive  no  compensation  for  their  services. 
Became  a  law  April  8,  1875. 


INDIANA.  Indiana. 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  THOMAS  A.  HENDRICKS. 

January  7,  1875. 

On  the  3d  day  of  March,  1871,  an  Act  of  Congress  was  adopted  declaring  that  "it 
behooves  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  celebrate  by  appropriate  ceremonies  the  Cen- 
tennial Anniversary"  of  the  signing  and  promulgation  of  the  Declaration  of  the  Independ- 
ence of  the  United  States ;  and  that  it  is  appropriate  to  commemorate  the  completion  of 
the  first  century  of  our  national  existence  by  an  exhibition  of  the  natural  resources  of  the 
country,  and  of  our  progress  in  those  arts  which  benefit  mankind,  in  comparison  with  older 
nations ;  and  declaring  also  that  "  the  Exhibition  should  be  a  national  celebration  in  which 
the  people  of  the  whole  country  should  participate,"  and  that  "  it  should  have  the  sanction 
of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States."  In  accordance  with  that  declaration  the  Act  of 
Congress  provided  :  "  That  an  Exhibition  of  American  and  foreign  arts,  products,  and  manu- 
factures shall  be  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six."  Provision  was  also 
made  for  a  Commission  to  execute  the  will  of  Congress  so  declared.  The  organization  has 
been  completed,  and  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  City  of  Philadelphia  have  appro- 
priated large  sums  of  money  to  aid  the  enterprise.  The  work  of  preparation  has  been 
commenced  and  is  rapidly  advancing.  The  designs  contemplate  an  Exhibition  suitable  for 
the  great  occasion. 

The  Act  of  Congress  has  committed  our  country  and  the  people  to  the  celebration.  A 
failure  would  cause  us  national  humiliation.  Success  will  gratify  our  national  pride,  and  at 
the  same  time  promote  our  prosperity  by  attracting  the  people  and  wealth  of  other  countries. 
I  recommend  that  you  make  such  provision  as  will  secure  to  the  people  of  Indiana  and 
their  interests  a  full  and  advantageous  representation. 


[NOTE. — An  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  Indiana,  approved  March  16,  1875,  appropriated 
55000  to  be  used  for  the  representation  of  the  State  in  the  Exhibition.] 


138  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  J  Q  -\fj  p^ 

Iowa 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  C.  C.  CARPENTER. 

January,  1874. 

My  predecessor  appointed  Hon.  Robert  Lc wry  and  Hon.  C.  F.  Clarkson  Commissioner 
and  Alternate  to  represent  Iowa  in  the  United  Slates  Centennial  Commission.  They  have 
performed  their  duties  with  credit  to  the  State;  and  as  the  time  approaches  for  this  grand 
Exhibition  in  commemoration  of  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  our  national  independence, 
the  greatness  of  the  undertaking  and  the  responsibility  of  those  having  it  in  charge  become 
more  and  more  apparent.  In  connection  with  this  subject  several  documents  have  been 
forwarded  to  this  office  making  suggestions  as  to  the  steps  which  it  seems  necessary  each 
State  should  take  for  itself  in  order  to  secure  a  rroper  representation  in  the  Exhibition.  I 
regard  it  as  highly  important  that  Iowa  should  make  a  creditable  exhibition  of  the  products 
of  her  soil,  art,  and  industry  in  this  great  World's  Fair,  and  will,  therefore,  at  an  early  dry 
lay  the  documents  which  have  been  transmitted  to  me  before  the  General  Assembly,  with 
such  other  suggestions  as  may  occur  to  me  as  of  importance  at  the  time. 


EXTRACT  FROM   THE  SPECIAL  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  C.   C. 

CARPENTER. 

January  31,  1874. 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES: 

In  furtherance  of  the  purpose  expressed  in  my  biennial  message,  I  transmit,  for  such 
disposition  as  you  may  deem  wise,  the  following  communications  in  regard  to  the  Centennial 
Exhibition,  viz.  :  A  letter  from  H:n.  Robert  Lowry,  Commissioner,  signed  also  by  Hon. 
C.  F.  Clarkson,  Alternate  Commissioner,  in  respect  to  the  character  and  objects  of  the 
Exhibition;  also  a  letter  from  General  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  calling  attention  to  the  steps  each  State  will  be  required  to  take  to 
secure  a  creditable  representation  therein.  I  have  also  inclosed  circulars  numbers  19,  39, 
and  50  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners,  the  last  being  entitled  "  Information  for  Exhibitors 
in  the  United  States." 

These  official  papers  will  give  the  General  Assembly,  or  any  Committee  to  which  they 
may  be  referred,  full  and  reliable  information  upon  the  salient  points  to  be  considered  in 
regard  to  this  great  National  Exhibition.  It  is,  therefore,  unnecessary  for  me  to  elaborate 
what  has  been  said  by  gentlemen  whose  sources  of  information  could  not  fail  to  give  them 
correct  knowledge  of  what  will  be  required  from  our  State  in  order  that  we  may  compare 
favorably  with  others.  There  is  one  recommendation,  however,  which,  in  view  of  my 
interpretation  of  the  truth  that  "the  laborer  is  worthy  of  his  hire,"  I  cannot  forbear  to 
make ;  and  I  desire  it  to  be  understood  that  I  do  this  from  my  own  sense  of  fairness,  as 
neither  of  the  Commissioners  has  suggested  the  desire  for  a  recommendation  of  this 
character. 

Our  Commissioners  are  eminently  fitted,  by  aptitude  and  attainments,  for  their  positions. 
Much  to  the  credit,  as  it  will  be  greatly  to  the  advantage  of  Iowa,  Mr.  Lowry  has  been 
made  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture.  Mr.  Clarkson  is  not  only  a  practical 
farmer,  but  an  intelligent  and  forcible  writer  upon  agricultural  and  other  subjects.  It 
therefore  seems  to  me,  if  these  men  give  their  time  to  this  work  (and  one  of  them,  if  not 
both,  should  devote  nearly,  if  not  quite  the  entire  interval  from  now  until  the  close  of  the 
Exhibition  in  looking  after  the  interests  of  Iowa  therein),  that  the  State  should  pay  their 
expenses.  I  do  not  regard  this  as  a  recommendation  for  a  donation  to  help  on  a  celebnuioo 


APPENDIX  D. 


139 


which  appeals  to  the  patriotic  impulses  of  every  American,  for  I  believe,  throwing  out  of   State  action 
view  every  consideration  of  patriotism,  that  the  money  expended  economically  and  carefully  Iowa- 
in  securing  a  proper  representation  of  Iowa  in  this  Exhibition  will  be  returned  to  the 

State  increased  at  least  fourfold. 

C.  C.  CARPENTER. 

EXECUTIVE  OFFICE,  January  31,  1874. 

SPECIAL   PAPERS  (ACCOMPANYING  GOVERNOR'S   MESSAGE) 

January,  1874. 

THE  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION   OF    1876,  IN   PHILADELPHIA. 

COMMISSIONERS'   LETTER. 
To  HIS  EXCELLENCY  C.  C.  CARPENTER,  Governor  of  Iowa  : 

DEAR  SIR, — In  compliance  with  your  request  to  write  you  a  letter  in  reference  to  the 
objects  and  progress  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  we  as  the  representatives  of  the  State  of 
Iowa  in  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  constituted  by  an  Act  of  Congress 
approved  March  3,  1871,  providing  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of 
American  Independence  by  holding  a  Centennial  International  Exhibition  of  the  Arts,  Manu- 
factures, and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  the  year  1876,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  most 
respectfully  submit  the  following : 

A  Commissioner  and  Alternate  from  each  State  and  Territory  are  constituted  by  an  ap- 
pointment of  the  President,  upon  recommendations  of  the  Governors  of  the  several  States 
and  Territories ;  whose  duty  it  is  to  prepare  and  superintend  a  plan  for  holding  the  Exhibi- 
tion, and  to  fix  upon  a  suitable  site  within  the  limits  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  where  the 
Exhibition  shall  be  held.  It  is  made  the  duty  of  the  Commission  to  report  to  Congress  a 
suitable  date  for  opening  the  Exhibition,  plans  for  the  reception  and  classification  of  articles 
for  exhibition,  custom-house  regulations  for  the  introduction  of  foreign  articles,  etc.  It 
appears  from  the  bill  that  Congress  at  the  time  of  its  passage  was  laboring  under  a  fit  of 
great  economy  not  always  characteristic  of  that  body.  It  provides  that  the  Commissioner 
and  Alternate  shall  receive  no  compensation  whatever,  and  that  the  United  States  shall  not 
be  liable  for  any  expenses ;  leaving  the  labor,  expenses,  and  responsibility  to  be  borne  by 
private  citizens,  with  such  aid  as  can  be  given  by  the  City  of  Philadelphia  and  the  several 
States  and  Territories.  While  the  monarchical  governments  of  the  world  have  appropriated 
millions  of  dollars  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings,  and  other  necessary  expenses,  for 
International  Exhibitions  in  their  own  countries,  and  our  Congress  has  appropriated  thou- 
sands of  dollars  to  send  Commissioners  to  their  International  Exhibitions,  it  has  not  as  yet 
appropriated  one  dollar  for  the  celebration  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  birth  of 
the  greatest  republican  government  the  world  has  ever  seen.  The  Centennial  Exhibition 
will  be  international  and  universal:  international,  inasmuch  as  all  the  nations  have  been 
officially  invited  to  participate  in  it ;  and  universal,  because  representative  of  all  arts,  in- 
dustries, and  manufactures,  and  all  the  various  results  of  human  skill,  thought,  and  imagi- 
nation. Here  will  be  spread  out  before  us  the  manufactures  of  Great  Britain, — the  source 
of  all  her  power, — with  her  noble  draught  and  fast  running  horses,  her  fine  cattle  of  Here- 
fords,  Devons,  and  Ayrshires,  her  splendid  sheep  of  Leicesters,  Cotswolds,  and  Saxony, 
her  best  breed  of  hogs.  From  France  will  come  articles  of  taste  and  utility,  exquisite  in 
design  and  perfect  in  execution,  with  her  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep,  her  sugar-beet  and 
olive  oil.  From  Russia,  iron  and  leather  no  nations  have  learned  to  excel.  From  Prussia, 
her  various  manufactured  articles,  her  splendid  wheat  and  barley.  Austria  will  be  there  with 
her  great  mineral  wealth.  Berlin  and  Munich  with  artistic  productions  in  iron  and  bronze. 
From  Turkey,  her  rich  carpets.  From  Arabia,  the  best  coffee  that  grows,  with  her  noble 
Arabian  horses.  From  Switzerland,  her  unequaled  wood-carvings  and  delicate  watch-works. 
From  Bohemia  will  come  the  perfections  of  glass-blowing  and  musical  instruments.  From 


140  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,  poor  old  Spain,  to  whose  daring  public  spirit,  nearly  four  centuries  ago,  we  owe  the  possi- 
bility of  this  hour,  will  come  the  evidence  of  greatness,  now  unhappily  faded  away  for  the 
want  of  education  among  her  people,  with  her  herds  of  cattle  and  fine  Merino  sheep. 
From  Nineveh  and  Pompeii,  the  evidence  of  the  buried  past.  From  China,  her  curious 
workmanship,  the  result  of  accumulated  ingenuity,  reaching  back  beyond  the  time  when 
history  began.  Matchless  wood-work  from  Japan.  From  Persia  will  come  her  gorgeous 
fabrics  to  diversify  and  stimulate  our  trade.  From  our  near  neighbor,  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  will  come  her  manufactured  articles  of  utility,  her  fine  horses  and  cattle,  and  her 
wheat  and  barley.  All  the  States  and  Territories  of  the  Union  will  have  adequate  space 
assigned  them  in  the  buildings  of  the  great  Centennial  Exhibition  for  the  display  of  their 
own  arts,  manufactures,  and  products  of  the  soil  and  mine. 

Iowa  will  have  a  place  assigned  to  her.  Shall  it  be  filled  by  the  rich  products  of  her 
soil,  mines,  arts,  manufactures,  or  shall  it  remain  empty  ?  It  is  estimated  that  there  will  be 
ten  millions  of  visitors  there.  We  feel  sufficient  pride  in  the  renown  of  our  own  State — 
the  noble  "  Hawk-Eye  State" — to  believe  that  the  space  assigned  to  it  will  be  visited  by  all. 
Shall  it  be  empty,  or  full ;  vacant,  or  crowded  with  articles  showing  the  immense  agricul- 
tural and  mineral  wealth  of  the  young  giant  of  the  West  ?  Citizens  of  Iowa,  the  great 
responsibility  rests  with  you.  Shall  Iowa  then  occupy  the  same  position  in  the  Centennial 
Exhibition  as  has  been  assigned  her,  as  one  of  the  richest  States  in  the  Union  in  the  pro- 
ducts of  her  soil,  the  healthfulness  of  her  climate,  her  freedom  from  State  indebtedness,  her 
humane  laws,  and  her  boundaries  in  the  largest  and  noblest  rivers  in  the  world  ;  only  tiventy- 
eight  years  old,  with  a  population  of  upwards  of  one  million  two  Jmndred  thoiisand  souls, 
with  more  miles  of  railroads  in  operation  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  except  six,  and 
with  millions  of  acres  of  her  rich,  fertile  soil  still  unoccupied  ? 

The  Centennial  Commission  have  had  four  meetings  in  Philadelphia,  have  selected  four 
hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  ground  in  Fairmoimt  Park,  have  decided  upon  the  plan  of  the 
buildings,  and  have  fixed  upon  the  day  for  opening  and  closing  the  Exhibition.  The  opening 
of  the  Exhibition  will  take  place  on  the  ipth  day  of  April,  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  of 
Lexington,  and  it  will  close  on  the  ipth  day  of  October,  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  and 
surrender  of  Yorktovvn.* 

Congress  has  also  passed  a  bill  creating  a  Board  of  Finance,  whose  duty  is  to  raise  the 
requisite  funds  to  erect  the  necessary  buildings.  The  Board  of  Finance  consists  of  four 
from  each  State  at  large,  and  two  from  each  Congressional  district.  Iowa  has  twenty-tv/o, 
selected  by  the  members  of  Congress  from  their  respective  districts.  The  following  are  the 
names  of  the  gentlemen  selected :  For  the  State  at  large :  Samuel  Murdock,  L.  W.  Ross, 
J.  M.  Shaffer,  F.  R.  West.  First  District:  James  Putnam,  Arthur  Bridgman.  Second 
District:  Milo  Smith,  John  Helsinger.  Third  District:  B.  B.  Richards,  James  H.  Easton. 
Fourth  District :  S.  H.  Curtis,  John  B.  Powers.  Fifth  District :  John  F.  Ely,  John  P. 
Irish.  Sixth  District:  H.  S.  Winslow,  H.  Tannehill.  Seventh  District:  B.  F.  Murray, 
P.  Gad  Bryan.  Eighth  District:  William  Hale,  Wayne  Stennitt.  Ninth  District:  E.  R. 
Kirk,  N.  B.  Hyatt.  The  stockholders  of  the  Board  of  Finance  have  elected  Hon.  John 
Welsh,  of  Philadelphia,  President;  Hon.  Frederick  Fraley,  of  Philadelphia,  Secretary; 
and  some  twenty-five  Directors.  Hon.  B.  F.  Allen,  of  Iowa,  and  Governor  Washburn,  of 
Wisconsin,  represent  the  Western  States  in  the  Board  of  Directors.  What  amount  of  stock 
the  people  of  Iowa  have  taken  we  do  not  know,  but  are  apprehensive  that  it  is  as  yet  very 
little.  We  do  hope  that  at  least  part  of  Iowa's  quota  will  be  taken.  California  and  Oregon 
are  fully  alive  to  the  important  interest  they  have  as  States  in  the  Exhibition,  and  are 
pledged  to  take  their  full  quota  of  stock.  Philadelphia  and  Pennsylvania  have  taken 
upward  of  three  millions  of  dollars. 

The  Centennial  Exhibition  being  national  and  in  commemoration  of  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  our  national  independence,  it  does  appear  to  us  that  Congress  should  make 

*  These  dates  were  subsequently  changed  to  May  10  and  Nov.  10. 


APPEADIX  D. 


141 


a  reasonable  appropriation  for  the  erection  of  the  necessary  buildings  for  the  Exhibition,  State  action, 
and  not  leave  the  whole  responsibility  of  raising  the  necessary  funds  to  rest  with  Pennsyl-  Iowa, 
vania.  We  have  no  authority  to  speak  for  our  Iowa  delegation  in  Congress ;  they  have  a 
habit  of  speaking  for  themselves ;  but  we  feel  assured  that  they  will  manifest  their  patri- 
otism, their  regard  for  their  dear  ancestors,  and  their  love  of  country  by  voting  for  a 
reasonable  appropriation.  As  President  Grant  has  officially  notified  all  the  nations  of  the 
earth  that  the  United  States  is  going  to  hold  a  Centennial  International  Exhibition  in  the 
year  1876,  and  has  invited  them  all  to  come  and  see,  and  has  already  been  notified  of  the 
acceptance  of  the  invitation  by  a  number  of  the  nations,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  greatest 
republican  government  the  world  has  ever  seen  will  be  fully  prepared,  panic  or  no  panic, 
to  make  such  a  display,  such  an  exhibition  of  her  greatness,  her  power,  her  arts  and  manu- 
factures, and  the  products  of  her  soil  and  mines,  as  has  never  before  been  exhibited  in  the 
world.  In  behalf  of  our  great  State,  which  we  have  the  honor  to  represent  in  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission,  we  invoke  your  assistance,  and  that  of  the  Legislature,  in 
the  work  of  providing  that  our  State  shall  on  that  important  occasion  be  thoroughly  repre- 
sented. After  examination  of  the  practice  of  previous  International  Exhibitions,  and  con- 
sidering the  particular  difficulties  imposed  in  the  present  Exhibition  by  reason  of  the  great 
extent  of  our  country  and  the  varied  nature  of  its  products,  the  Centennial  Commission 
have  concluded  that  in  no  other  way  can  a  thorough  representation  of  the  resources  of  each 
of  the  States  in  the  Union  be  so  certainly  insured  as  by  the  appointment,  under  the  auspices 
of  each  State  government,  of  a  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  to  consist  of  five, 
specially  charged  with  the  duty  of  perfecting  the  exhibit  to  be  made  by  its  own  State. 

The  objects  to  be  displayed  in  the  Exhibition  will  be  arranged  in  ten  Departments, 
named  as  follows  :* 

1.  Raw  Materials,  Mineral,  Vegetable,  and  Animal. 

2.  Materials  and  Manufactures  used  for  Food  or  in  the  Arts,  the  result  of  extracting  or 
combining  processes. 

3.  Textile  and  Felted  Fabrics;  Apparel;  Costumes  and  Ornaments  for  the  Person. 

4.  Furniture,  and  Manufactures  of  General  Use  in  Construction  and  in  Dwellings. 

5.  Tools,  Implements,  Machines,  and  Processes. 

6.  Motors  and  Transportation. 

7.  Apparatus  and  Methods  for  the  Increase  and  Diffusion  of  Knowledge. 

8.  Engineering,  Public  Works,  Architecture,  etc. 

9.  Plastic  and  Graphic  Arts. 

10.  Objects  Illustrating  Efforts  for  the  Improvement  of  the  Physical,  Intellectual,  and 
Moral  Condition  of  Man. 

It  should  be  a  matter  of  State  pride  with  us  to  see  that  Iowa  is  represented  in  as  many 
of  these  Departments  as  possible,  and  that  the  objects  she  contributes  shall  adequately  in- 
dicate her  great  resources.  It  will  also  be  a  measure  of  sound  policy  and  economy  to 
display  to  the  millions  of  visitors  who  will  assemble  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  from  our  own 
country  and  from  abroad,  such  evidence  of  the  rich  products  of  her  soil  and  mines  as  shall 
direct  to  our  vast  unbroken  prairies  an  enlarged  flow  of  immigration,  and  attract  capital 
from  abroad  to  be  invested  in  manufactures,  which  are  so  inseparably  connected  with  our 
great  agricultural  interests.  No  such  opportunity  for  making  known  to  the  world  the 
attractions  of  Iowa  is  likely  to  recur  within  the  days  of  the  present  generation.  Under 
these  circumstances  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for  Iowa  will- 
be  afforded  every  facility  for  the  satisfactory  performance  of  their  duty  which  an  enlight- 
ened public  spirit  and  liberality  can  suggest.  Other  States  are  already  in  advance  of  us  in 
this  work  of  preparation,  and  although  there  is  time  enough,  if  diligently  employed,  for 
the  collection  of  an  exhibition  in  which  our  people  may  take  pride,  yet  there  is  no  time  to 
lose.  The  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  should  be  organized  with  as  little  delay  as 

*  There  were  ultimately  seven  departments  instead  of  ten.     See  Form  No.  104,  page  60. 


I42  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  i8-]6. 

State  action,      possible,  and  should  establish  a  central  office  from  which  to  disseminate  information  to 
Iowa-  exhibitors. 

With  much  respect,  we  remain  your  obedient  servants, 
ROBERT  LOWRY,  Commissioner. 
C.  F.  CLARKSON,    Alternate  Commissioner. 
January  1874. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   IOWA. 

Approved    February  26,  1876. 

AN  ACT  to  appropriate  money  to  aid  in  exhibiting  the  resources  and  prodiicts  of  the  State  of 
Iowa  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition. 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  That  the  sum 
of  twenty  thousand  dollars  ($20,000),  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  be,  and  is 
hereby,  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for  the 
purpose  of  aiding  in  exhibiting  the  resources,  industries,  and  products  of  the  State  of  Iowa 
at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia  in  the  year  A.D.  1876. 

SEC.  2.  The  money  hereby  appropriated,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  found  necessary, 
shall  be  expended  for  said  purpose  by  the  Executive  Council,  in  such  manner  as  they  may 
direct,  and  all  claims  payable  out  of  this  appropriation  shall  be  audited  and  allowed  by  the 
Executive  Council  before  payment,  and  upon  the  audit  and  allowance  of  such  claim  or 
claims,  the  Auditor  shall  issue  his  warrant  therefor. 

SEC.  3.  All  articles  for  exhibition  procured  by  the  Executive  Council  at  the  expense  of 
the  State,  or  that  shall  be  donated  to  the  State,  shall  remain  the  property  of  the  State,  sub- 
ject to  the  control  of  the  Executive  Council,  and  at  the  close  of  said  Exhibition  said  articles, 
or  those  for  which  they  may  be  exchanged  by  the  Executive  Council,  shall  be  returned  to 
the  Capitol  of  the  State  to  be  disposed  of  as  the  General  Assembly  shall  by  law  direct,  and 
the  Executive  Council  are  hereby  authorized  to  exchange  any  of  the  articles  on  exhibition 
for  other  articles  exhibited  at  said  Exhibition  as  'in  their  discretion  they  may  deem  advisa- 
ble for  the  interest  of  the  State. 

In  all  cases  where  money  is  expended  under  this  Act  by  the  Executive  Council  in  aiding 
any  individual  or  individuals  in  preparing  or  transporting  articles  for  exhibition,  they  are 
hereby  authorized  to  make  such  contracts  with  such  individuals  in  regard  to  the  ownership 
or  disposition  of  the  articles  so  prepared,  transported,  or  exhibited,  as  the  Executive  Council 
shall  deem  best  for  the  interest  of  the  State;  but  no  such  contract  shall  in  any  manner  bind 
the  State  for  the  payment  of  any  money  beyond  the  sum  hereby  appropriated,  nor  shall  the 
State  be  or  become  liable  to  any  person  or  persons  for  the  loss,  destruction,  injury,  or  keep- 
ing of  any  articles  or  property  intrusted  to  said  Executive  Council,  to  the  State,  or  its  agents, 
for  the  purpose  of  keeping,  preparing,  transporting,  or  exhibiting,  or  for  any  other  purpose 
under  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

SEC.  4.  For  the  purpose  of  carrying  this  Act  into  effect  the  Governor  is  hereby  authorized 
to  appoint  an  Exhibition  Manager,  and  such  assistants  as  he  deems  necessary,  who  shall  give 
such  bonds  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties,  and  who  shall  perform  such  duties, 
make  such  report  and  receive  such  compensation  out  of  the  appropriation  as  the  Executive 
Council  may  prescribe ;  but  said  Manager  and  assistants  shall  in  no  event  demand,  or  receive, 
or  become  entitled  to  any  compensation  from  the  State  other  than  that  derived  or  paid  out 
of  the  money  appropriated  by  this  Act. 

SEC.  5.  The  Executive  Council  shall  at  the  close  of  said  Exhibition  make  a  full  report 
of  the  money  expended,  and  of  all  their  proceedings,  and  of  all  the  property  to  which  the 
State  becomes  entitled  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  and  file  the  same  in  the  office 
of  the  Secretary  of  State,  who  shall  lay  the  same  before  the  General  Assembly  at  its  next 
session. 


APPENDIX  D. 


143 


SEC.  6.  The  Executive  Council  are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  receive  all  such  State  action, 
donations  and  gifts  of  articles  for  exhibition,  or  moneys  as  may  be  offered  by  any  person  or  Iowa- 
persons,  and  to  disburse  and  account  for  the  same  as  herein  provided. 

SEC.  7.  This  Act  being  deemed  of  immediate  importance,  it  shall  take  effect  and  be  in 
full  force  from  and  after  its  publication  in  the  State  Register  and  Iowa  State  Leader,  news- 
papers published  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Approved  February  26,  1876. 


KANSAS.  Kansas. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF    GOVERNOR   THOMAS  A.  OSBORN. 

1874. 

A  communication  from  Hon.  John  A.  Martin,  United  States  Centennial  Commissioner  for 
Kansas,  and  Hon.  Geo.  A.  Crawford,  Alternate  Commissioner,  recommending  the  creation 
of  a  State  Board,  by  the  Legislature,  to  co-operate  with  them  in  securing  for  the  State  a 
proper  representation  of  its  resources  at  the  Centennial  International  Exhibition  to  be  held 
at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  is  herewith  laid  before  you.  The  communication  contains  many 
valuable  suggestions,  and  it  is  hoped  that  it  may  receive  that  consideration  which  the 
importance  of  the  subject  or  which  it  treats  seems  to  demand. 


ACT   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  KANSAS. 

Approved  March  9,  1874. 

Ax  ACT  providing  for  the  appointment  of  Jive  State  Centennial  Managers  for  the  Inter- 
national Exhibition  at  Philadelphia  for  1876,  and  defining  their  duties. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Kansas  : 

SECTION  I.  That  the  Governor  is  hereby  empowered  and  directed  to  appoint,  prior  to 
April  I,  1874,  five  persons  as  Sfate  Centennial  Managers  for  Kansas,  to  act  in  connection 
with  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  in  the  celebration  of  the  One  Hundredth 
Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  at  Philadelphia,  in  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  1876,  by  the  holding  of  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products 
of  the  Soil  and  Mine.  The  said  persons  so  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  shall  be  se- 
lected entirely  with  regard  to  their  familiarity  with  the  resources,  arts,  and  products  of  the 
State,  their  business  experience  and  executive  skill,  and  shall  be  residents  of  the  State 
at  the  time  of  their  appointment. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  said  State  Managers,  with  the  United  States  Commissioner  and  Alter- 
nate Commissioner  of  Kansas,  shall  constitute  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for 
the  State,  and  said  State  Board  shall  have  to  care  for  the  interests  of  the  State  and  of  its 
citizens  in  matters  relating  to  the  International  Exhibition  in  Philadelphia,  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  1876;  to  disseminate  information  about  it;  to  issue  invitations  to  participate;  to  receive 
and  pronounce  upon  applications  for  space  in  the  Exhibition;  to  apportion  the  space  placed 
at  its  disposal  among  the  exhibitors  from  the  State;  and  to  supervise  such  other  details  re 
latin^  to  the  representation  of  its  citizens  in  the  Exhibition  as  may  from  time  to  time  be 
delegated  to  it  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

SEC.  3.  That  the  State  Centennial  Managers  shall  hold  their  office  for  the  term  of  three 
years,  unless  sooner  removed  by  the  Governor  for  cause ;'  and  any  vacancy  that  may  exist 
in  the  office  of  said  State  Centennial  Managers  by  resignation,  death,  or  otherwise,  shall  at 
once  be  filled  by  the  Governor  by  the  appointment  of  a  fit  and  suitable  person  to  fill  such 
vacancy. 

SEC.  4.  The  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for  this  State  shall  occupy  the  rooms 


I44  INTERNATIONAL   EXPI1BIT10N,  1876. 

State  action.      in  the  Capitol  now  occupied  by  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  with  the  Board  of  Agri 
Kansas.  culture,  jointly. 

SEC.  5.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  publication  in  the 
Kansas  Weekly  Commonwealth. 
Approved  March  9,  1874. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  true  and  correct  copy  of  the  original  enrolled 
bill  now  on  file  in  my  office,  and  that  the  same  was  published  in  the  Weekly  Common- 
wealth, March  26,  1874. 

W.  II .  SMALLWOOD,  Secretary  of  State. 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   THOMAS   A.   OSBORN. 

January  28,  1875. 
To  THE  LEGISLATURE: 

I  transmit  herewith  a  communication  from  the  Board  of  Managers  for  this  State  of  the 
Centennial  Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  Philadelphia  in  1876.  With  the  suggestions  and 
recommendations  embraced  in  this  communication  I  cordially  concur. 

There  can  be  no  difference  of  opinion,  I  apprehend,  as  to  the  advisability  and  impor- 
tance of  the  State  being  represented  upon  the  occasion  of  that  great  anniversary.  As  a 
State,  Kansas  has  done  but  little,  directly,  to  further  the  interests  of  immigration.  The 
work  has  been  mainly  promoted  by  private  and  corporate  agencies.  Nevertheless,  the 
results  have  been  of  the  first  importance  in  contributing  to  our  rapid  progress  and  develop- 
ment. The  small  expenditures  made  by  the  State  in  this  behalf  have  certainly  produced 
remunerative  returns.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that  the  collection  and  display  of  fruits  at  the 
leading  competitive  exhibitions  of  the  Eastern  States,  the  premiums  received  for  such  dis- 
plays, and  the  laudatory  mention  of  the  same  in  the  principal  journals  of  the  country,  were 
largely  instrumental  in  directing  attention  to  the  capabilities  of  Kansas,  and  in  inducing 
immigration. 

It  is  equally  apparent  that  the  enterprise  of  the  principal  railway  companies  during  the 
last  few  years,  in  making  extensive  collections  of  the  productions  of  localities  adjacent  to 
their  lines,  and  exhibiting  them  at  the  great  industrial  expositions  of  the  country,  has  been 
productive  of  excellent  results. 

Rarely  in  the  history  of  a  State  is  so  favorable  an  opportunity  presented  for  placing  its 
advantages  before  the  world  in  an  attractive  light,  and  we  may  not  unreasonably  conclude, 
that  at  no  future  period  of  our  history  will  it  be  in  our  power  to  accomplish  so  much  for 
Kansas  at  comparative  slight  cost.  The  great  disaster  resulting  from  the  grasshopper 
visitation — a  calamity  purely  exceptional  in  its  character — will  have  no  permanent  influence 
detrimental  to  our  prosperity,  unless  unwarranted  prejudices,  affecting  the  reputation  of  the 
State  for  extensive  and  diversified  production,  shall  be  permitted  to  take  root  in  the  minds 
of  the  general  public.  I  can  conceive  of  no  more  efficient  mode  of  dispelling  unreason- 
able prejudices  of  this  character  than  by  making  at  Philadelphia,  in  the  presence  of  repre- 
sentatives from  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  such  an  illustrative  exhibition  of  our  vast  and 
varied  resources  as  it  will  be  easily  within  our  power  to  make. 

It  may  be  proper  to  suggest  that  whatever  is  to  be  done  should  be  done  promptly.  The 
collection  of  the  materials  for  exhibition,  their  arrangement,  classification,  etc.,  the  prepa- 
ration of  the  space  assigned  to  Kansas  in  the  Exhibition,  and  the  measures  necessary  to 
secure  the  co-operation  of  individual  and  corporate  enterprise,  must  all  be  attended  to 
during  the  present  year,  to  render  our  share  in  the  Centennial  in  any  degree  worthy  of  the 
State. 

THOMAS   A.   OSBORN. 


APPENDIX  D.  145 

LETTER   OF  THE   KANSAS   STATE   BOARD   OF  CENTENNIAL  State  action. 

MANAGERS. 
HON.  T.  A.  OSBGRN,  Governor,  etc. : 

DEAR  SIR, — The  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  appointed  by  authority  of  the 
Legislature,  desire  to  call  your  attention  to  the  necessity  of  an  appropriation  to  carry  on  the 
work  with  which  we  are  charged,  and  to  ask  that  you  present  this  subject  to  the  Legisla- 
ture for  its  action.  The  Centennial  Exhibition  will  open  at  Philadelphia  on  the  1 9th  of 
April,  and  will  close  on  the  igth  of  October,  1876. 

We  believe  that  a  full  exhibition  of  the  agricultural  and  industrial  products  of  Kansas 
on  that  occasion  would  be  of  great  material  benefit  to  the  State  and  its  people. 

After  full  consultation,  we  have  concluded  that  such  an  exhibition  can  best  be  made  in 
a  building  to  be  erected  on  the  Centennial  grounds,  near  the  Main  Exhibition  building,  in 
which  can  be  collected  and  exhibited,  in  a  compact  and  attractive  form,  the  best  products 
of  our  fields,  orchards,  woods,  work-shops,  mines,  etc. 

Several  other  States  contemplate  exhibitions  of  such  character,  and  we  are  assured  by 
the  Director-General  of  the  National  Exhibition  that  ample  space  will  be  assigned  to  Kan- 
sas for  this  purpose.  In  view  of  the  condition  of  our  people,  the  National  Centennial  Com- 
mission will  not  expect  from  our  State  any  subscription  to  the  general  fund  necessary  for 
conducting  such  an  enterprise ;  but  Kansas  ought  to  be  able  to  collect  and  make  a  display 
that  will  be  creditable  to  her  resources,  and  that  will  demonstrate  to  the  vast  multitude  of 
visitors  that  she  is  rich  in  all  the  elements  that  go  to  make  up  a  prosperous  Commonwealth. 

We  suggest  that  in  order  to  make  such  a  display,  the  work  of  collecting  be  entered 
upon  at  an  early  day. 

We  propose  to  collect  specimens  of  the  grains  in  the  sheaf  and  clean  grains ;  of  fruits 
and  vegetables,  making  models  of  such  as  are  so  perishable  that  they  cannot  be  kept  for 
exhibition;  samples  of  wood  growth,  fruit,  and  timber;  a  full  collection  of  botanical  and 
geological  specimens;  specimens  of  the  birds  and  animals  of  the  State;  samples  of  the 
manufactured  products  of  our  artisans,  and  such  curiosities  and  objects  of  interest  as  will 
add  to  the  value  and  increase  the  attractiveness  of  the  exhibition. 

Much  of  this  work,  as  you  will  readily  understand,  must  be  done  during  the  present 
year ;  and  to  do  it  properly,  or  at  all,  in  fact,  we  must  have  the  means  necessary  to  provide 
for  the  expense  attending  such  a  labor.  We  therefore  respectfully  request  that  you  early 
bring  the  subject,  by  a  special  message  or  otherwise,  to  the  attention  of  the  Legislature,  in 
order  that  we  may  confer  with  a  joint  committee  of  that  body  in  regard  to  this  important 
matter,  and  submit  to  them  the  plans  that  we  have  matured,  and  the  measures  necessary  to 

carry  them  out. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servants, 

(Signed)         GEO.  T.  ANTHONY,     G.  A.  CRAWFORD, 
JOHN  A.  MARTIN,      S.  T.  KELSEY. 
E.  W.  DENNIS,  A.  J.  NORTH, 

D.  J.  EVANS, 

Board  of  Commissioners. 

ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   KANSAS. 

Approved  March  6,  1875. 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  State  Centennial  Managers  to  collect  materials  and  to  preserve  and 
prepare  the  same  for  exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  in  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six, 
and  to  provide  for  defraying  the  expenses  thereof,  being  supplementary  to  chapter  forty- 
four  of  the  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Kansas  : 

SECTION  I.  The  State  Centennial  Managers,  appointed  in  pursuance  of  chapter  forty- 
four  of  the  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four,  are  hereby  authorized  and  directed 

10 


146  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,  during  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five  to  collect,  preserve,  and  prepare  for  exhi- 
bition at  Philadelphia,  in  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  in  such 
manner  as,  in  their  judgment,  shall  be  for  the  best  interest  of  the  State,  and  will  best  effect 
the  object  of  their  appointment,  materials,  including  selections  and  specimens  of  nature,  art, 
and  industry  in  Kansas,  so  as  to  represent  as  far  as  possible,  and  to  the  best  advantage,  the 
natural  and  artificial  resources  of  the  State, — the  rocks,  mines,  and  quarries;  the  prairies, 
hills,  and  forests ;  the  fields,  gardens,  and  orchards ;  the  grains,  grasses,  fruits,  and  vegeta- 
bles; the  trees,  shrubs,  and  flowers;  the  soil,  its  productions,  quality,  and  capacity,  shall  all 
be  represented  in  such  selections,  with  such  other  things  as  can  be  secured  and  preserved, 
to  the  end  that  a  complete,  thorough,  and  fair  exhibition  may  be  had  of  the  actual  and 
possible  productions  of  the  State. 

SEC.  2.  Said  Managers  shall  also  prepare  and  have  printed  for  distribution  at  the  Exhibi- 
tion a  complete  condensed  history  of  the  State,  showing  its  physical  features,  its  early  settle- 
ment, its  birds,  fishes,  and  animals,  climate,  geographical  position,  educational,  religious, 
and  charitable  institutions,  agricultural  and  manufacturing  industries,  streams  and  water- 
powers,  railroads  and  other  means  of  transportation,  growth  in  population  and  wealth, 
character  and  habits  of  the  people,  and  any  other  matters  which  will  aid  in  making  up  a 
summary  view  of  the  birth,  progress,  and  present  condition  of  the  State. 

SEC.  3.  Five  thousand  dollars  ($5000),  or  so  much  thereof  as  is  necessary,  are  hereby 
appropriated  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated  for  the  purpose 
of  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  to  be  paid  by  the  Treasurer  on  warrants  from  the 
Auditor ;  but  the  Auditor  shall  not  issue  his  warrant  for  any  moneys  appropriated  by  this 
Act  except  upon  the  filing  in  his  office  of  an  itemized  statement,  signed  by  the  President 
of  the  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  and  countersigned  by  the  Secretary  of  said  Board, 
showing  in  detail  for  what  the  expense  has  been  incurred,  and  verified  by  the  oath  of  one 
member  of  the  said  Board  of  Managers. 

SEC.  4.  This  Act  shall  take  effect,  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  publication  in  the 
statute  book. 

Approved  March  6,  1875. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  true  and  correct  copy  of  the  original  enrolled  bill 
now  on  file  in  my  office. 

THOMAS    H.  CAVANAUGH,  Secretary  of  State. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF   GOVERNOR   THOMAS  A.   OSBORN. 

January  1 1,  1876. 

The  able  and  exhaustive  report  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  is  herewith  transmitted 
to  the  Legislature. 

**-**'#'''#•'•••**        t     *  »* 

In  addition  to  the  labor  heretofore  performed  by  this  branch  of  the  Government,  it  laot 
year  had  entire  supervision  of  the  taking  of  the  census  of  the  State, — a  labor  of  by  no 
means  inconsiderable  proportions, — and  also  had  charge  of  the  details  of  the  work  of  the 
Board  of  Centennial  Managers.  The  State  Board  cannot  be  too  highly  commended  for  the 
manner  in  which  it  has  performed  its  duty. 

»***###**»* 
At  the  last  session  of  the  Legislature  an  appropriation  of  $5000  was  made  to  enable  the 
State  Board  of  Managers  to  "  preserve  and  prepare  for  exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  .  .  . 
materials,  including  selections  of  nature,  art,  and  industry  in  Kansas,  so  as  to  represent,  as 
far  as  possible,  and  to  the  best  advantage,  the  natural  and  artificial  resources  of  the  State," 
etc.  The  Board  have  performed  the  duty  assigned  to  them  with  commendable  energy  and 
efficiency.  Considerable  collections  of  cereals,  woods,  etc.,  have  been  made,  as  well  as 


APPENDIX  D.  !47 

specimens  illustrative  of  the  natural  history  of  the  State.     Several  able  writers  have  united  State  action, 
in  the  preparation  of  a  work  which  exhibits,  in  a  condensed  form,  its  varied  resources,  and  Kansas- 
the  progress  which  has  been  made  in  their  development,  together  with  a  succinct  historical 
sketch.     This  work  will  soon  be  published,  and  will  be  laid  before  you. 

It  is  manifest  that  the  public  interest  in  the  Exhibition  has  gradually  widened  and 
deepened  during  the  past  year.  It  is  equally  manifest,  however,  that  the  responsibility  for 
the  share  which  Kansas  will  have  in  that  great  enterprise  must  rest  chiefly  upon  the  State 
Government,  and  that  no  great  reliance  can  be  placed  upon  voluntary  efforts.  The  Man- 
agers have  determined — I  judge  with  the  general  acquiescence  of  the  public — that  it  would 
be  to  the  interest  of  the  State  to  erect  a  separate  building  upon  the  Exhibition  grounds  for 
the  display  of  Kansas  products,  as  well  as  for  a  general  rendezvous  for  Kansas  people. 
The  necessary  ground  has  been  set  apart,  and  a  plan  of  the  structure  agreed  upon.  To 
erect  the  building,  complete  the  collection  of  materials  for  exhibition,  defray  the  cost  of 
transportation,  meet  the  necessary  expense  for  labor,  etc.,  the  Managers  think  an  appropri- 
ation of  $25,000  will  be  requisite.  Although  the  sum  is  a  large  one,  I  believe  its  investment 
in  the  manner  proposed  would  prove  profitable  to  the  State.  Every  portion  of  the  civilized 
world  will  be  represented  at  Philadelphia,  and  it  is  within  our  capacity  to  clo  more  for  the 
promotion  of  immigration  through  this  instrumentality  than  by  years  of  ordinary  effort.  An 
Exhibition  successful  beyond  anything  the  world  has  yet  seen  seems  to  be  assured,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  our  part  in  it  will  be  an  honorable  one.  It  is  proper  to  add  that  whatever 
legislation  may  be  necessary  should  be  perfected  promptly,  in  order  that  the  construction  of 
the  building  may  be  entered  upon,  and  the  arrangements  for  the  Exhibition  completed  at  an 
early  day. 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   THOMAS   A.  OSBORN. 

STATE  OF  KANSAS,  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT, 

TOPEKA,  January  18,  1876. 
To  THE  LEGISLATURE: 

I  transmit  herewith  a  report  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  made  to  me, 
to  which  I  have  the  honor  to  recommend  the  early  and  earnest  attention  of  the  Legislature. 
The  report  embraces  a  full  exhibit  of  the  transactions  of  the  Board,  with  their  plans 
and  estimates  for  the  future.  The  subject  is  of  such  considerable  consequence,  and  the 
matter  of  a  creditable  display  at  Philadelphia  is  so  important  to  the  State,  that  I  feel  myself 
justified  in  renewing  the  recommendation  contained  in  my  annual  message,  for  the  early 
and  liberal  action  of  the  Legislature. 

THOMAS  A.  OSBORN. 

REPORT    OF    THE    STATE    BOARD    OF    CENTENNIAL    MANAGERS    OF 

KANSAS. 
OFFICE  STATE  BOARD  OF  CENTENNIAL  MANAGERS, 

TOPEKA,  January  14,  1876. 
To  THE  GOVERNOR: 

The  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  at  our  meeting  in  March  last,  reorganized 
and  elected  permanent  officers.  President,  George  T.  Anthony ;  Vice-President,  Edgar  W. 
Dennis ;  Treasurer,  A.  J.  North ;  Secretary,  Alfred  Gray.  The  Treasurer  has  given  bond 
in  the  sum  of  $  10,000,  which  has  been  approved  by  the  Board. 

But  little  practical  work  could  be  done  thus  early.  The  people  were  busy  receiving  or 
dispensing  "  aid."  There  was  depression,  gloom,  and  doubt.  At  last  came  the  prospect 
of  an  abundant  harvest. 

PREMIUMS   ON   GRAINS   AND   GRASSES. 

We  offered  premiums  of  $50  and  $25  for  the  best  and  second-best  display  of  grains  and 
grasses  in  the  stalk.  The  friendly  rivalry  was  not  as  general  as  was  expected.  Products 


148  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

» 

State  action.  of  rare  excellence  were  received  from  several  counties,  especially  from  Montgomery  and 
Crawford.  On  August  12  the  Committee  on  Awards,  consisting  of  T.  C.  Henry,  of  Dick- 
inson County,  William  Sims,  of  Shawnee,  W.  T.  Hoblitzell,  of  Marion,  and  Joshua  Wheeler, 
of  Atchison,  made  report  as  follows  : 

To  THE  STATE  BOARD  OF  CENTENNIAL  MANAGERS: 

Your  Awarding  Committee,  appointed  to  examine  and  award  the  premiums  for  the  best 
and  second-best  display  of  grains  and  grasses  in  the  stalk,  in  accordance  with  a  resolution 
adopted  by  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  at  their  meeting  on  the  i8th  and  igth 
of  May,  respectfully  report  that  they  have  performed  that  duty  under  the  rules  adopted  by 
the  Board,  and  award  the  first  premium  to  No.  16,  for  the  best  display  of  grains  and  grasses 
in  the  stalk,  and  the  second  premium  to  No.  9,  for  the  second-best  display  of  grains  and 
grasses  in  the  stalk. 

Your  Committee,  in  making  their  report,  desire  to  state  that  the  following  samples  are 
deserving  of  special  mention  : 

No.  5,  for  the  greatest  display  in  varieties  of  wheat,  containing  the  finest  specimen 
entered,  5  feet  in  height. 

No.  n,  for  the  best  display  of  flax. 

No.  8,  for  the  best  display  of  alfalfa  and  rye  (rye  6  feet  3  inches). 

No.  3,  for  the  best  specimen  of  barley,  3  feet  9  inches. 

William  Huffman,  Wabaunsee  County,  for  the  best  specimen  of  millet,  7  feet  in  height. 

D.  Murphy,  of  Topeka,  for  a  stool  of  rye  containing  60  stalks. 

A  specimen  of  timothy  4  feet  10  inches  in  height,  grown  by  Philip  Allen,  in  Delaware 
Township,  Jefferson  County,  on  upland. 

A  sample  of  cut  blue-grass,  from  Shawnee  County,  47  inches  in  length. 

Mr.  A.  T.  Stewart,  of  Winfield,  Cowley  County,  for  a  very  fine  specimen  of  wheat. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  your  Committee  desire  to  commend  specially  the  displays  con- 
tained in  entries  Nos.  3,  5,  6,  8,  and  n. 

T.  C.  HENRY,   Chairman, 
WM.  SIMS, 
W.  T.  HOBLITZELL, 
JOSHUA  WHEELER. 

-COUNTY   ORGANIZATIONS. 

To  stimulate  friendly  emulation,  insure  impartiality,  and  make  an  exhibition  representa- 
tive of  every  part  of  the  State,  we  determined  it  should  be  by  counties,  each  article  to  be 
credited  by  label  to  its  proper  county,  and  to  its  producer  or  contributor.  Circulars  were 
addressed  to  local  agricultural  societies,  proprietors  of  newspapers,  and  prominent  citizens 
of  every  occupation,  urging  the  immediate  organization  of  county  societies  for  making  the 
collection,  and  assuming  the  responsibility  of  the  display  by  the  counties.  Forms  of  con- 
stitution, in  blank,  were  furnished.  It  was  recommended  that  each  county  society  consist 
of  not  less  than  seven  members,  and  that  auxiliary  boards  be  established  in  each  town- 
ship. County  societies  were  required  to  report  to  the  Board  once  a  month,  on  blanks  fur- 
nished. 

To  insure  against  failure,  we  authorized  the  county  boards  to  employ  for  one  week,  at 
$3  per  day,  a  competent  person  in  each  county  to  collect  articles.  The  responsibility  of  the 
display  for  each  county  was  thrown  upon  the  county  society,  and  immediate  and  vigorous 
effort  was  urged.  The  response  has  not  justified  expectation.  There  are  but  twenty-five 
county  boards,  some  of  which  have  done  little  or  no  work.  A  few  have  done  well,  and 
we  have  received  some  creditable  articles  from  this  source.  We  submit  herewith,  for 
guidance  in  further  collections,  a  copy  of  instructions  given  as  to  the  kind,  quality,  quantity, 
and  condition  of  articles  required,  with  directions  for  packing  and  shipping : 


APPENDIX  D. 


149 


OFFICE  OF  STATE  BOARD  OF  CENTENNIAL  MANAGERS,  State  action. 

TOPEKA,  August,  1875.  Kansas. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  State  Centennial  Managers,  it  was  determined : 

First.  To  make  prompt  and  vigorous  efforts  to  secure,  by  counties,  creditable  collections 
for  exhibition  at  the  International  Exhibition,  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876. 

Second,  In  order  to  insure  efficiency  and  unity  of  effort,  it  was  decided  to  operate 
through  County  Centennial  Boards,  when  practicable  to  do  so. 

Third.  To  employ,  when  in  the  estimation  of  the  State  and  County  Boards  the  objects 
sought  would  be  best  subserved  thereby,  one  suitable  person,  for  a  period  of  not  exceed- 
ing one  week,  to  make  collections,  at  a  salary  not  exceeding  $3  per  day,  inclusive  of 
expenses.  When  it  is  not  practicable  for  the  State  Board  to  send  a  person  for  this  purpose, 
a  selection  will  be  made  upon  the  nomination  of  the  County  Board  where  the  work  is  to  be 
performed.  The  efficiency  of  county  organizations  in  most  cases  will  probably  render  this 
expenditure  unnecessary. 

It  is  the  policy  of  the  State  Managers  to  secure  an  exhibition  by  counties,  so  that  every 
locality  may  have  credit  for  what  it  furnishes,  and  this  expenditure  is  warranted  only  where 
the  local  Centennial  organizations  apply  for  it  in  consequence  of  the  apathetic  feeling 
existing  among  the  citizens  of  the  county. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  articles  called  for,  and  the  quantity  desired  of  each  : 

GRAINS,  GRASSES,  ETC.,  ON  THE  STALK. 

Corn. — Five  stalks,  pulled  and  retaining  the  root,  grown  on  upland.  Same  on  bottom- 
land. 

Wheat. — One  sheaf  of  each  variety,  when  it  can  be  procured.  In  no  case  should  there 
be  less  than  two  sheaves  from  a  given  county.  The  collection  may  or  may  not  include 
winter  and  spring  varieties.  Length  and  brightness  of  straw,  length  of  heads  and  plump- 
ness of  berry,  should  all  be  carefully  considered.  When  the  sheaves  are  taken  from  the 
stack,  pressed  into  a  given  shape,  let  them  retain  that  shape.  In  other  words,  do  not  per- 
mit the  heads  to  be  handled  at  all.  Let  the  good,  bad,  and  indifferent  come  just  as  they 
appear  in  a  sheaf.  They  will  be  carefully  assorted  and  arranged  here. 

Rye,  Barley,  Oats. — One  sheaf  of  each.  The  same  rules  to  be  observed  as  in  the  case 
of  wheat.  A  goodly  proportion  of  bearded  grains  are  desirable  for  festooning  and  other 
ornamentation. 

Timothy,  Clover,  Blue- Grass,  Orchard,  Hungarian,  Millet,  etc. — One  bundle  of  each, 
four  inches  in  diameter.  One  bundle  each  of  the  native  grasses. 

Flax,  Hemp,  and  Cotton. — One  bundle  of  flax  and  hemp  three  inches  in  diameter,  with 
capsules,  or  bolls,  as  perfect  as  possible.  Three  stalks  of  cotton  containing  bolls  in  different 
stages. 

Peanuts. — Three  stalks  from  each  county. 

Castor  Beans. — Two  spikes  from  each  county. 

Tobacco.- — One  hand  of  each  variety  grown  from  each  county. 

Broom- Corn. — Two  bundles  of  brush  of  each  variety  grown,  three  inches  in  diameter. 
One  bundle  to  contain  seed,  the  other  to  have  the  seed  removed. 

CORN   IN   THE  EAR,  THRASHED  GRAINS,  AND  SEEDS. 

Corn. — Twelve  ears  each  of  bottom  and  upland  corn  from  each  county,  to  include  field 
and  garden  varieties. 

Wheat,  Rye,  Barley,  and  Oats. — One-half  pint  of  each  from  each  township,  regardless 
of  variety. 

Seeds. — Flax-seed,  hemp-seed,  castor  beans,  buckwheat,  peas,  beans,  sorghum,  broom- 
corn,  timothy,  clover,  millet,  Hungarian,  orchard-grass,  blue-grass, — one-half  pint  from 
each  county. 

Peanuts. — One  pint  from  each  county  producing  the  same. 


150  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  LINT,  FIBRE,  AND  WOOL. 

Cotton  Lint. — Two  ounces  from  each  county. 
Flax  and  Hemp  Fibre. — One  pound  of  each  from  each  county. 

Wool. — One  ounce  each  of  long,  middle,  and  fine  wool  from  each  county.  Let  each 
sample  be  accompanied  with  the  name  of  the  breed  to  which  the  sheep  belonged  from  which 
it  was  taken.  The  samples  can  be  neatly  preserved  between  leaves  of  paper  until  they 
reach  the  State  Centennial  Board,  when  they  will  be  put  in  proper  shape  for  exhibition. 

MODELS. 

The  Board  determined  to  obtain  models  of  extraordinarily  fine  specimens  of  fruit  and 
vegetable  monstrosities,  when  the  specimens  can  be  secured  in  good  condition.  The 
specimens  must  be  carefully  packed  in  cotton,  straw,  hay,  rumpled  paper,  or  other  suitable 
material,  to  prevent  bruising. 

TIMBER. 

Cross-sections  of  each  kind  of  native  wood  from  each  county,  six  inches  in  length. 
Same  of  artificial  wood,  two  inches  in  length  or  thickness.     The  diameter  of  both 
native  and  artificial  is  immaterial,  but  large  growths  preferable. 

BUILDING-STONES. 

One  cube,  three  inches  in  thickness,  of  each  kind  of  building-stone,  in  each  county  of 
the  State.  At  least  one  side  to  be  polished  when  practicable.  The  common,  rough,  frag- 
mentary limestone,  which  is  abundant  and  uniform  in  nearly  every  county  in  the  State, 
need  not  be  included. 

COAL. 

One  piece  of  each  kind  of  coal,  six  inches  in  thickness,  and  as  nearly  cubical  in  form  as 
practicable,  from  each  county. 

GYPSUM. 

One  cube,  three  inches  in  thickness,  from  each  county.  Attractive  specimens  of  crys- 
tallizations are  desirable,  in  addition  to  the  cubes. 

FIRE-CLAY,    CEMENT,    POTTERS'    CLAY,    OCHRE,   AND   MINERAL   PAINT. 

One  pound  each  of  the  clay  or  stone  in  the  raw  or  unmanufactured  state,  from  each 
county  where  it  has  been  discovered.  Also,  one  brick  or  other  manufactured  article  from 
said  clays.  Samples  of  the  various  colors  of  mineral  paint,  mixed  in  oil,  on  paper  or  glass, 
one  inch  square,  are  desirable. 

LEAD. 

Specimens  both  in  ore  and  in  smelted  form  from  such  counties  as  can  furnish  the  same. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

It  is  impossible  to  enumerate  every  article  that  it  is  desirable  to  obtain.  There  are  fossils, 
petrifactions,  relics,  extraordinary  growths  of  timber,  curiosities  of  nature  and  art,  antiqui- 
ties, historical  archives,  etc.,  etc.  Correspondence  is  invited  concerning  anything  which 
may  be  deemed  meritorious,  and  which  may  not  be  enumerated  in  the  foregoing  schedule. 

GENERAL   INSTRUCTIONS. 

Bottom  and  Upland. — There  seems  to  be  some  difficulty,  in  many  counties,  in  deter- 
mining where  the  bottom  stops  and  the  upland  commences,  so  gradual  are  the  slopes.  For 
the  present  purposes  we  will  define  as  bottom-land,  all  "lands  between  the  hills  along  the 
water-courses,"  or  from  the  streams  up  the  hill-sides  to  the  cropping-out  of  limestone  forma- 
tions, which  are  characteristic  in  most  parts  of  the  State. 

Storage. — Some  suitable  store-room,  free  from  dampness,  dust,  and  mice,  should  be  ob- 
tained, where  specimens  for  the  Centennial  can  be  deposited  from  time  to  time,  and  where 
the  labeling,  packing,  and  boxing  can  be  conducted.  Do  not  permit  the  heads  of  cereals  to 
be  handled.  Fingers  are  more  destructive  than  mice. 


APPENDIX  D.  !5I 

Boxing. — The  boxes  should  be  very  strong,  and  should  completely  hide  the  samples,  s  j  State  action, 
they  cannot  be  handled.  Kansas. 

Skipping, — Ship  by  freight  in  all  cases,  except  where  the  articles  are  perishable,  inclos- 
ing by  mail  the  shipping  receipt  to  the  State  Centennial  Board,  Topeka. 

Labels. — Blank  labels,  to  designate  the  exact  location,  name,  and  post-office  address  of 
the  grower  and  donor,  together  with  the  name  of  the  specimen,  will  be  forwarded  to  each 
county. 

For  further  information,  address  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  Topeka. 

ALFRED  GRAY,  Secretary. 

OTHER   AIDS. 

We  invited  the  co-operation  of  various  civic  societies  and  industrial  organizations.  The 
reverend  clergy  were  asked  to  devote  the  Fourth  of  July  to  Centennial  services.  Sermons 
were  preached  in  most  of  the  pulpits  in  full  accord  with  the  nation's  spirit  of  gratitude  and 
thanksgiving. 

The  Press  have  given  their  powerful  aid.  At  their  meeting  in  May,  they  resolved  to 
make  their  next  excursion  to  Philadelphia,  and  to  hold  the  annual  meeting  of  "  The  Kan- 
sas Editorial  Association"  there  on  the  4th  of  next  July. 

The  ladies  are  beginning  to  render  valuable  assistance,  especially  the  Centennial  So- 
cieties of  Topeka,  Leaven  worth,  and  Atchison.  We  have  assigned  to  the  ladies  of  Kansas 
the  congenial  and  appropriate  work  of  furnishing  and  superintending  the  music,  flags,  and 
interior  decorations  for  the  Kansas  Exhibition.  The  money  raised  by  them  for  us,  unless 
they  direct  otherwise,  will  be  devoted  to  those  objects.  Their  patriotism,  often  manifested 
in  early  trials,  is  guarantee  that  their  work  will  be  well  done. 

RAILROAD    COMPANIES. 

The  railroad  companies  having  grants  of  land  were  invited  to  participate.  Their  interest 
and  their  successes  in  similar  exhibitions  make  them  desirable  auxiliaries.  The  Atchison, 
Topeka  and  Santa  Fe,  and  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  and  Gulf  Companies  have  deter- 
mined to  take  part.  Colonel  Alexander  S.  Johnson,  Land  Commissioner  of  the  first,  and 
General  John  A.  Clark,  Land  Commissioner  of  the  last-named  company,  have  met  with  us 
several  times,  and  have  already  made  large  and  highly  creditable  collections.  The  other 
companies,  much  to  our  regret,  decline  to  participate.  The  Kansas  Pacific  Company  have 
kindly  offered  the  use  of  their  collections.  It  would  be  gratifying  if  all  the  companies  would 
exhibit  products  along  their  lines  of  road.  No  effort  on  our  part  has  been  spared  to  induce 
them  to  do  so,  and  we  indulge  the  hope  that  they  will  yet  reverse  their  determination,  and 
conclude  to  take  part  in  the  Exhibition. 

EDUCATION   AND   NATURAL   HISTORY. 

General  John  Fraser,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  has  consented  to  take  charge 
of  the  Department  of  Education  and  Natural  History.  Prof.  Frank  H.  Snow,  of  the  State 
University,  supervises  the  completion  of  the  collection  of  specimens  in  entomology.  We 
have  employed  his  students,  at  a  small  compensation,  to  make  the  collection  under  his 
directions,  his  own  valuable  services  being  generously  donated.  Prof.  J.  H.  Carruth  has 
been  engaged  to  make  the  botanical  collection.  Prof.  B.  F.  Mudge  has  assisted  us  in 
geology.  The  collection  in  ornithology  is  in  charge  of  Alfred  Gray,  Secretary.  When 
completed,  these  collections  will  fully  represent  Kansas  in  their  several  departments. 

Our  Board  acts  in  conjunction  with  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  receives  valuable 
assistance  from  them  in  these  specialties,  as  in  all  our  work.  The  cases  and  collections 
they  have  will  be  available  for  our  use,  as  are  all  the  facts  and  statistics  in  their  possession. 

It  is  to  be  observed  that  in  no  event  can  the  benefits  of  the  expenditure  already  made, 
or  to  be  made,  be  lost.  Durable  articles,  whether  cases  or  collections,  will  remain  the  per- 
manent property  of  the  State.  In  the  rooms  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  after  their  return 
from  Philadelphia,  they  may  become  a  lasting  exposition  of  the  capacities  of  Kansas.  Thus 


152 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  2876. 


State  action. 
Kansas. 


amply  reimbursing  the  State  for  their  cost,  they  will  remain  a  complete  museum,  illustrating 
our  Agriculture,  Horticulture,  Pomology,  Geology,  Entomology,  Ornithology,  and  History, 
as  well  as  a  memorial  of  the  "  Centennial"  of  1876. 

We  expect  to  make  exchanges  of  samples  with  other  States  and  nations,  and  the  pro- 
ducts we  receive  in  return  will  be  similarly  preserved. 

HISTORY. 

The  law  of  March  6,  1875,  requires  a  condensed  history  of  the  State  for  distribution  at 
the  Exhibition.  In  preparation  of  this  work  we  have  invited  the  best  help.  General  D. 
W.  Wilder  has  written  upon  "General  History  of  Kansas;"  Prof.  John  A'.  Anderson, 
"Agriculture  and  Manufactures;"  T.  Dwight  Thacher,  Esq.,  "Railroads  and  Transporta- 
tion;" General  John  Fraser,  "Education;"  Prof.  Frank  H.  Snow,  "The  Natural  History 
of  Kansas ;"  and  Prof.  B.  F.  Mudge,  "  Geology."  These  able  articles  have  been  gener- 
ously donated. 

The  State  Board  of  Agriculture  have  printed  them  in  their  report  of  1875,  our  Board 
paying  pro  rata  of  the  expense.  The  volume  has  been  electrotyped,  with  all  the  maps  and 
tables,  and  the  plates  are  the  property  of  the  State.  It  is  so  arranged  that  we  can  use,  with 
out  resetting,  any  of  the  pages,  for  the  compilation  of  any  smaller  work  intended  for  free 
distribution. 

We  have  requested  Kansas  publishers  to  furnish  three  copies  of  each  newspaper  issued 
on  or  next  after  the  4th  of  July,  1875,  three  copies  of  January  I,  1876,  and  three  of  Jan- 
uary 4,  1876,  as  specimens  to  constitute  a  compendium  of  newspaper  history,  and  show  the 
present  status  of  the  art  in  Kansas;  one  file  for  the  Director-General  of  the  International 
Exhibition,  one  for  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  one  for  the  archives  of  the  State.  They 
have  complied  to  a  moderate  extent,  as  follows  : 


Garnett  Weekly  Journal,  Garnett. 

Garnett  Plaindealer,  Garnett. 

Atchison  Champion  (daily  and  weekly),  At- 

chison. 

Sentinel  and  Pioneer,  Fort  Scott. 
Brown  County  Advocate,  Hiawatha. 
Southern  Kansas  Gazette,  Augusta. 
Walnut  Valley  Times,  Eldorado. 
Chase  County  Leader,  Cottonwood  Falls. 
Chase  County  Courant,  Cottonwood  Falls. 
Wide  Awake,  Sedan. 
Columbus  Courier,  Columbus. 
Burlington  Weekly  Patriot,  Burlington. 
Girard  Press,  Girard. 
Junction  City  Union,  Junction  City. 
Dickinson  County  Chronicle,  Abilene. 
Weekly  Kansas  Chief,  Troy. 
Wathena  Reporter,  Wathena. 
The  Standard  of  Reform,  Lawrence. 
The  Evening  Standard,  Lawrence. 
Hays  Sentinel,  Hays  City. 
Ellsworth  Reporter,  Ellsworth. 
The  Holton  Recorder  and  Express,  Holton. 
The  Kansas  New  Era,  Valley  Falls. 


Lincoln  County  Patriot,  Lincoln  Centre. 

Southern  Kansas  Advance,  Chetopa. 

The  Neosho  County  Journal.  Osage  Mission. 

Osage  County  Chronicle,  Burlingame. 

The  Headlight,  Thayer. 

The  Osage  City  Free  Press,  Osage  City. 

Seneca  Courier,  Seneca. 

The  Beloit  Gazette,  Beloit. 

Newton  Kansan,  Newton. 

The  Emporia  Ledger,  Emporia. 

Linn  County  Enterprise,  Mound  City. 

Emporia  Real  Estate  Register,  Emporia. 

Kansas  Reporter,  Louisville. 

Wamego  Blade,  Wamego. 

The  Hutchinson  News,  Hutchinson. 

The  Kansas  Central  Journal,  Sal  in  a. 

Farmers'  Advocate,  Salina. 

Russell  County  Record,  Russell. 

The  Smith  County  Pioneer,  Smith  Centre. 

The  Wyandotte  Herald,  Wyandotte. 

Wabaunsee  County  News,  Alma. 

The    Commonwealth    (daily   and    weekly), 

Topeka. 
The  Topeka  Times,  Topeka. 


The  collection,  when  completed,  will  constitute  a  feature  of  the  Exhibition.  We  hope 
to  receive  files  of  all  the  journals  in  the  State. 

The  Secretary  of  the  National  Commission  suggests  that  in  each  county  the  proper  person 
shall  be  selected  by  the  county  board  or  other  authority,  who,  on  next  Fourth  of  July,  shall 


APPENDIX  D. 


'53 


deliver  at  the  county  seat  an  address,  which  shall  be  a  synopsis  of  the  history  of  ihe  county.  State  action. 
We  heartily  concur  in  the  suggestion.     In  populous  and  older  counties  a  similar  ceremony  Kansas, 
should  be  held  by  others  in  the  large  towns  and  townships,  and  thus  a  history  in  detail 
would  be  secured.     These  addresses  should  be  printed  in  uniform  size  and  style  for  bind- 
ing, and  a  copy  of  each  should  be  preserved  in  the  county  archives,  a  copy  should  be  sent 
to  the  Congressional  Library,  a  copy  to  the  National  Centennial  Commission,  and  a  copy 
to  this  Board.     As  care  and  labor  will  be  required  in  the  preparation,  the  parties  to  deliver 
the  addresses  should  soon  be  selected. 

It  is  to  be  hoped,  also,  that  publishers  will  devote  the  Fourth  of  July  issue  of  their 
papers  to  the  history,  as  they  have  done  the  January  to  the  resources,  of  their  several 
counties. 

SUPERINTENDENT,   ETC. 

County  organizations  falling  short  of  expectation,  we  employed  Mr.  Henry  Worrall,  of 
Topeka,  to  assist  in  preparing  for  the  Exhibition.  He  has  visited  portions  of  the  State, 
making  collections,  and  is  now  engaged,  with  the  necessary  assistants,  preparing  articles 
already  collected.  We  have  rented  a  building,  as  nearly  fire -proof  as  we  could  get,  for 
assorting  and  storing  products. 

A   SEPARATE   BUILDING. 

We  doubted  the  possibility  of  making  a  captivating  representation  in  the  general  build- 
ings. By  their  classification,  our  products  must  be  grouped  with  their  kind  from  larger 
States  and  nations.  However  superior  in  quality,  they  might  be  swallowed  up  in  the  larger 
display  of  wealthier  nations.  Our  success  in  inter-State  contests  heretofore  has  arisen  from 
a  genius  for  arrangement  and  ornamentation,  as  well  as  from  the  merit  of  our  products. 

We  directed  our  President,  accompanied  by  the  Vice-President,  to  visit  Philadelphia 
and  secure  the  privilege  of  arranging  our  display  in  our  own  way.  Failing  in  this,  they 
obtained  permission  to  erect  a  Kansas  building,  and  selected  a  site.  Ours  was  the  first 
application.  Thirteen  States  have  since  selected  locations,  and  are  preparing  to  erect 
similar  buildings.  Mr.  E.  T.  Carr,  of  Leavenworth,  architect,  has  generously  furnished 
plans  and  estimates  for  the  Kansas  building,  free  of  charge.  The  building  proper  will  cost 
about  ^8000.  It  is  safe  to  add  $2000  more  for  fitting  up  its  interior,  and  providing  gas, 
water,  and  drainage.  The  two  railroad  companies  participating  with  us  propose  to  bear  a 
part  of  this  expense,  proportionate  to  the  space  they  will  occupy.  At  the  close,  its  sale  will 
cover  some  portion  of  its  cost. 

The  building  is  designed  in  the  shape  of  a  Greek  cross.  Its  plan,  elevation,  and  other 
details  are  submitted  herewith. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Exhibition  grounds  are  two  and  a  half  miles  from  the  central  portions 
of  Philadelphia,  and  will  be  closed  at  night,  the  necessity  of  a  "  down-town  office"  has 
received  some  consideration.  It  would  be  city  headquarters  for  the  State  Commission,  or 
such  of  them  as  shall  be  on  duty,  and  also  for  all  Kansas  visitors.  Exhibitors,  and  others 
having  business  with  the  Commission,  or  desiring  information,  would  know  where  to  go  at 
any  and  all  hours.  All  desirable  information  as  to  hotel  and  boarding-house  accommoda- 
tions could  also  be  sought  and  imparted, — necessarily  a  convenience  in  a  crowded  city. 

We  have  gone  only  to  the  extent  of  devising  the  plan,  and  lithographing  and  selecting 
the  site  for  the  building.  We  had  been  led  to  believe,  and  have  given  it  to  be  understood, 
that  the  plans  here  indicated  would  be  carried  out.  They  were  laid  frankly  before  the 
Centennial  Committee  of  the  last  Legislature,  and  the  appropriation  was  then  made  on  the 
basis  of  the  necessity  of  the  further  expenditure  that  would  be  required.  That  appropri- 
ation, thus  made,  was  an  encouragement  to  go  on  with  the  plan  proposed.  We  have, 
therefore,  neglected  to  apply  for  space  io  the  general  buildings  within  the  time  limited. 

We  feel  assured  the  project  of  a  separate  building  will  meet  the  approval  of  the  law- 
making  power.  It  will  enable  Kansas  to  preserve  her  identity,  indulge  her  individuality, 
enlighten  public  judgment,  and  secure  success.  In  our  own  building  we  can  group  and 


154  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  blend  the  products  of  nature  and  art  for  scenic  effect;  the  interior  ornamentations,  adding 
effect  to  the  merit  of  the  collections,  will  excite  universal  comment,  and  make  the  Kansas 
headquarters  a  place  to  be  sought  and  admired.  The  music  and  flags,  to  be  furnished  by 
the  ladies,  can  there  be  used  with  advantage. 

Maps,  large  and  small,  should  illustrate  the  counties  to  which  the  products  are  to  be 
credited,  and  should  indicate  the  route  thereto. 

An  immigration  pamphlet  on  Kansas  should  be  on  hand  for  free  distribution  in  large 
quantities;  it  should  be  prepared  with  care,  and  published  in  more  languages  than  our  own. 
The  supply  of  these  should  be  equal  to  the  demand ;  it  would  be  made  up  from  maps  and 
data  already  electrotyped,  the  plates  of  which  are  owned  by  the  State.  We  have  made 
estimates  for  such  a  pamphlet,  and  its  cost  would  be  comparatively  small. 

To  carry  out  these  plans  to  the  best  advantage,  an  early  appropriation  is  desirable.  It 
will  be  necessary  to  enter  with  renewed  energy  upon  the  completion  of  our  collections  for 
those  counties  that  have  disappointed  us.  The  right  men  should  be  put  in  the  field,  at  fail- 
wages.  The  display  has  to  be  planned  to  correspond  with  the  space,  and  this  cannot  be 
done  until  we  know  from  the  amount  of  the  appropriation  what  the  character  of  our  exhi- 
bition is  to  be.  As  the  Exhibition  opens  on  the  loth  of  May,  the  building  should  be  ready 
for  the  reception  of  goods  by  the  1st  of  April. 

Two  Legislatures  having  favored  an  exhibition  by  Kansas,  an  elaborate  presentation  of 
the  advantages  to  be  derived  may  be  dispensed  with.  A  brief  summary  may  be  indulged. 

THE   MAGNITUDE   OF  THE   EXHIBITION. 

Opening  at  Philadelphia  the  loth  of  May,  and  ending  on  the  loth  of  November. 
1876,  the  "International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and 
Mine,"  will  illustrate  the  growth  of  our  industries,  and  constitute  a  memorial  to  the  founders 
of  our  prosperity.  The  first  World's  Fair  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Government,  it 
will  be  the  largest  ever  known.  Improved  facilities  of  advertising  and  travel,  railroads, 
steamships,  telegraph,  daily  post,  and  daily  press  insure  this  result.  The  leading  nations 
of  the  civilized  world,  numbering  thirty-seven,  have  accepted  the  invitation  of  our  Govern- 
ment. Eleven  are  erecting  buildings — seventeen  buildings — on  the  grounds.  And  best 
augury  of  all,  while  Kansas  was  first  to  select  a  location,  England  was  first  to  break  ground 
for  three  offices  in  sight  of  Independence  Hall.  It  is  estimated  that  two  hundred  buildings 
will  be  erected  by  nations  and  societies  within  the  inclosure.  Fairmount  Park,  the  place 
selected,  contains  over  3000  acres,  and  is  the  largest  in  the  world.  Of  this,  236  acres  are 
inclosed  for  the  purpose.  About  60  acres  of  buildings,  the  largest  and  most  suitable  ever 
devoted  to  such  purpose,  are  nearly  completed,  at  a  cost  of  about  $5,000,000.  The  total 
preparations  make  about  $8,000,000.  Railroads,  street-cars,  boarding-houses,  hotels,  and 
other  accommodations  are  provided  on  the  same  extensive  scale. 

Philadelphia  and  Pennsylvania,  city,  State,  and  citizens,  have  furnished  ninety  per  cent, 
of  the  fund, — Kansas  and  the  Government  no  part  of  it.  Congress  authorized  an  issue  of 
$10,000,000  stock,  in  shares  of  $10.  The  Board  of  Finance  apportioned,  on  the  basis  of 
26  cents  to  the  individual,  according  to  the  census  of  1870.  They  assigned  to  Kansas 
$94,500.  The  "crisis"  came,  and  later  calamities;  and  the  stock  plan,  as  to  Kansas, 
was  abandoned.  An  appeal  was  then  made  to  Congress  for  $3,000,000.  That  body  was 
content  with  providing  for  engraving  the  stock,  coining  the  medals,  admitting  goods  for 
exhibition  free  of  duty,  and  appropriating  $505,000  for  a  special  departmental  display.  The 
National  Commission  now  ask  of  Congress  $1,500,000.  Most  of  the  members  recently 
visited  the  buildings  in  a  body,  and  have  seen  how  economically  they  have  been  erected. 
We  have  felt  that  the  plighted  hospitality  and  honor  of  the  Government  is  at  stake ;  that  the 
nation  cannot,  without  shame,  leave  it  to  Philadelphia  to  entertain  the  guests  she  has  invited 
to  her  birthday  feast,  sitting  herself  a  guest  where  she  should  be  hostess.  It  is  a  meagre 
sum,  in  view  of  the  great  events  to  be  celebrated,  and  we  have  requested  our  delegation  in 
Congress  to  vote  the  appropriation.  Should  it  fail,  the  Exhibition  will  still  go  on.  The 


APPENDIX  D. 


155 


spirit  of  '76  bums  brightly  in  Philadelphia.     The  Quakers,  whose  money  restored  the  State  action, 
broken  and  scattered  army  of  Washington  in  the  darkest  night  of  the  Revolution,  are  still  Kansas' 
alive  in  their  sons.     Money  will  be  forthcoming,  and  Philadelphia,  after  one  hundred  years, 
will  prove  her  right  to  have  been  the  cradle  of  Liberty  and  the  birthplace  of  the  Nation. 

THE   PRACTICAL   MEANING  OF  THE  EXHIBITION. 

The  Exhibition  has  its  practical  meaning  for  all.  It  is  an  industrial  school  of  the 
world,  where  nations  are  patrons,  and  master-spirits  of  all  time  are  teachers.  Kansas  will 
share  alike  with  others  in  benefits  derived  from  industries  quickened,  invention  stimulated, 
skill  excited  by  rivalry,  and  art  trained  by  the  highest  models. 

For  us  of  the  West  the  Exhibition  has  its  highest  practical  value  in  the  opportunity  for 
securing  immigration.  It  will  be  an  open  mart  by  the  sea  where  the  populations  of  the 
world  will  assemble  and  look  for  our  products  in  proof  of  the  boasted  fertility  of  our  soil. 
Our  nation  was  guest  of  England,  France,  and  Austria.  Our  people  traveling  abroad  have 
told  marvelous  stories  of  the  productiveness  of  the  West.  Our  foreign-born  citizens  have 
sent  back  to  the  old  firesides  letters  filled  with  praises  of  the  new  home.  Old  friends  will 
come  from  beyond  the  ocean  to  see  for  themselves  the  practical  proofs. 

Added  to  the  interest  of  the  Exhibition,  circumstances  conspire  to  swell  the  number  of 
foreign  visitors.  The  financial  "  crisis"  has  reached  and  unsettled  Europe,  and  made  cheap 
lands  desirable.  There  are  apprehensions,  too,  among  the  masses,  of  a  general  war,  with 
its  shrinkage  of  values  and  dangers  of  impressment.  The  immigration,  therefore,  which 
had  fallen  off  one-half,  and  some  of  which  had  left  our  shores,  will  be  rapidly  returning. 
The  Exhibition  will  bring  thousands,  the  advance  guard  of  millions  to  follow. 

Kansas  needs  all  the  advantages  of  a  successful  display.  Remote  from  the  money- 
centres,  the  crash  of  the  "  panic"  came,  sweeping  away  our  values,  checking  our  immigra- 
tion, and  leaving  us  our  lands  and  our  debts.  The  devastation  of  the  locust  was  an  acci- 
dental and  passing  shadow.  Our  wealth  of  soil  and  climate  has  been  reasserted  in  abundant 
harvests,  but  the  depression  still  rests  like  a  blight  on  the  price  of  real  estate.  Immigra- 
tion has  halted,  and  investments  have  measurably  ceased.  The  bountiful  harvest  of  Eastern 
money,  growing  out  of  the  sale  of  lots  and  lands,  and  which  for  twenty  years  has  furnished 
our  best  revenue,  is  no  longer  ours. 

With  a  liberal  hand,  and  an  enterprise  that  never  hesitated  at  the  cost,  in  our  infancy 
and  our  poverty  we  have  laid  broad  and  wide  and  deep  the  foundations  of  a  State  that 
should  be  at  the  same  time  old  and  wealthy.  We  cannot  make  it  old, — we  can  make  it 
populous  and  rich. 

In  the  struggle  for  dominion  over  Nature,  our  railroads  have  outrun  wagon-roads. 
Bridges  have  led  the  van  of  travel.  School -houses  have  pioneered  settlements.  In  a 
worthy  ambition  to  carve  out  a  State  full-grown,  we  have  spread  over  the  prairie  churches, 
school-houses,  universities,  colleges,  normal  schools,  asylums,  court-houses,  State-house, 
and  all  the  accommodations  of  a  Commonwealth  with  2,000,000  of  inhabitants,  and  yet  the 
expense  is  borne  by  528,437  people.  It  is  not  surprising  that  we  are  in  debt.  We  have 
debts  of  State,  counties,  cities,  towns,  townships,  school  districts,  railroad  companies,  and 
other  corporations. 

The  question  presents  itself  whether  the  present  population,  with  its  slow  natural  increase, 
shall  carry  this  indebtedness,  or  whether  an  effort  shall  be  made  to  multiply  our  wealth  and 
population  through  immigration.  It  is  not  the  part  of  wisdom  to  stand  still.  The  settle- 
ment of  the  State  will  proportionately  reduce  taxes,  will  diminish,  by  dividing  among  others, 
the  expenses  of  schools,  churches,  etc.,  and  will  lessen  railroad  rates  by  increase  of  busi- 
ness. The  pressing  want  of  Kansas  to-day  is  men  and  money.  A  vigorous  immigration 
movement  at  the  "  Centennial"  will  secure  both. 

Within  the  boundaries  of  our  State  there  are  52,043,520  acres  of  land,  of  which  but 
4,749,900  acres  are  cultivated.  The  uncultivated  portion  is  larger  than  all  the  six  New  Eng- 


jc;6  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.      land  States, — 47,293,620  acres  of  mere  blank  prairie.     It  is  the  largest  body  of  good  lands 
Kansas.  offered  by  any  State.     On  the  west,  the  mineral  region,  covering  nearly  half  the  continent, 

insures  an  enlarging  market.  On  the  east  are  high-priced  lands  of  older  States.  Our  lands 
have  access  to  the  ports  of  the  Gulf  by  rail,  and  by  the  great  river  on  our  eastern  border. 
They  make  up  a  central  State,  already  interlaced  with  railroads.  Midway  between  the 
oceans,  and  between  the  Lakes  and  the  Gulf,  they  are  the  natural  centre  and  seat  of  polit- 
ical and  social  empire.  Kansas  has  already  led  the  way  to  great  changes  in  the  structure 
of  the  Government.  With  increased  population  in  prospect,  and  yet  other  railroads  pro- 
jected in  all  directions,  these  lands  of  Kansas  become  the  last  best  offer  in  the  market. 
Millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  them  should  be  sold  next  summer,  and  the  way  prepared  for 
the  sale  of  millions  more. 

If  to  rapid  sales  of  lands  we  can  add  wealth  and  skilled  industry,  to  erect  manufac- 
tures in  our  prostrate  cities,  towns,  and  villages,  our  State  will  enter  a  new  career  of  pros- 
perity. Money  will  cease  to  go  from  us  in  tribute  to  Eastern  manufacturers;  our  agricul- 
ture will  revive  with  home  markets ;  the  profits  of  the  producer  will  no  longer  be  wasted 
in  paying  heavy  freights  over  long  railroads  ;  the  transportation  problem  will  be  solved  ; 
towns  will  revive ;  new  settlements  be  made ;  new  fields  be  opened ;  labor  will  be  in  de- 
mand ;  property  will  have  its  value ;  debts  will  be  lessened  by  being  divided  ;  the  despond- 
ent will  take  heail ;  the  heroic  and  undaunted  builders  of  a  State  will  lead  on  to  new 
enterprises,  and  the  glad  day  of  returning  prosperity  will  have  dawned.  We  have  cheap 
breadstuffs  and  a  market  for  manufactured  goods ;  we  have  reached  the  period  when  manu- 
facturing can  profitably  begin.  The  "  Centennial"  will  afford  opportunity  to  enlist  men 
and  money. 

It  is  not  for  us  to  say  on  how  liberal  a  scale  our  Exhibition  shall  be  conducted.  We 
have  indicated  our  views  as  briefly  as  possible.  We  believe  the  more  we  expend  the  more 
will  be  returneu  in  dollars  and  cents.  It  has  been  estimated  that  each  settler  adds  about 
$1000  to  the  wealth  of  the  State.  One-twentieth  of  a  cent  added  to  the  value  of  each 
acre  of  land  in  Kansas  would  be  $26,021.  We  are  not  disposed  to  estimate  the  number  of 
immigrants  to  be  secured  and  the  amount  of  wealth  to  be  added.  We  merely  indicate  the 
basis  of  the  calculation  to  show  the  least  hopeful  that  an  exhibition  will  prove  a  safe  in- 
vestment. In  years  of  misfortune  the  State,  with  parental  care,  has  provided  seed  for  the 
sower  in  some  new  and  suffering  counties.  The  donation  was  answered  in  abundant 
harvests.  With  like  hope  of  profitable  results  for  every  portion  of  the  State,  we  may  con- 
fidently say  that  now  is  the  seed-time  for  a  bountiful  harvest  of  men  and  money.  Kansas, 
to  date,  has  appropriated  but  $5000  to  her  Bureau  of  Immigration.  What  has  been  with- 
held with  doubtful  propriety  can  now  be  given  with  better  effect  and  with  a  more  liberal 
hand.  Other  Western  States  and  Territories,  bordering  and  surrounding  us,  will  be  in  the 
field  with  their  Bureaus  of  Immigration,  their  maps  and  pamphlets,  their  products  of  every 
kind,  and  their  offers  of  cheap  lands.  They  are  making  extensive  preparations  for  the 
Exhibition.  Whether  we  shall  surpass  them  in  our  display  depends  on  the  action  of  our 
Legislature. 

CONCLUSION. 

There  is  a  view  of  this  case  above  paltry  dollars  and  cents.  But  of  its  patriotic  consid- 
erations we  have  no  need  to  speak.  They  speak  for  themselves.  The  Declaration  of 
Independence  and  the  birth  of  the  nation — twins  of  one  cradle — speak  with  the  emphasis 
of  a  hundred  years.  Kansans  need  no  invocation  of  holy  memories  to  prompt  to  duty. 
Devotion  to  a  heroic  ancestry  springs  spontaneous  here.  The  spirit  and  the  love  of  liberty 
are  native  to  the  air.  They  have  descended  with  it  as  an  inheritance.  The  hand  which 
penned  the  great  Declaration  rescued  Kansas  from  a  foreign  flag  and  gave  us  here  the 
treaty-right  by  which  we  salute  our  own,  on  soil  then  French  but  now  American.  Originally 
part  of  the  Louisiana  purchase,  Kansas,  in  her  vital  air  and  life,  partakes  of  the  spirit 
breathed  into  that  charter  of  human  rights  by  the  great  apostle  of  liberty.  And  so,  when 


APPENDIX  D.  lt)j 

her  political  existence  began,  and  Kansas  must  choose  between  Freedom  and  Slavery,  spurning  State  action, 
all  blandishments  and  intimidations,  she  boldly  chose  Freedom.  The  struggle  of  that  choice  Kan8as- 
was  not  unknown  to  the  world.  It  widened  until,  amid  the  shackles  of  four  millions  of 
slaves,  it  secured  to  liberty  a  larger  meaning,  and  to  humanity  a  higher  future.  Henceforth, 
in  the  light  of  our  interpretation,  liberty  is  no  longer  for  a  race  alone,  but  for  all  mankind. 
Kansas,  daughter  of  Jefferson,  gave  to  freedom  its  new  and  better  birth.  And  she  of  all 
should  meet  her  sister  States  at  the  family  altar — freedom's  own  shrine — and  shake  hands 
with  the  descendants  of  Washington  and  Jefferson  over  an  emancipated  country ;  and  with 
the  representatives  of  all  the  world  over  a  now  recognized  universal  brotherhood.  Make 
her  not  a  mere  guest  at  the  banquet.  Let  her  be  a  priestess  of  liberty  that  she  is,  flinging 
a  banner  out  in  the  "  eternal  blazon"  over  her  own  castle,  and  dispensing  the  blessings  and 
hospitalities  of  her  own  household. 

We  have  presented  the  case  not  for  ourselves  but  for  the  State.  Our  personal  interests 
in  this  great  event  are  only  those  of  the  humblest  citizen.  We  have  entered,  not  of  our- 
selves but  by  solicitation,  upon  a  great  but  to  us  a  thankless  work.  And  now,  having 
assumed  high  trusts,  involving  the  honor,  the  patriotic  pride,  and,  to  a  large  extent,  as  we 
believe,  the  financial  redemption  of  the  State,  we  could  not  be  silent  nor  say  less  while  the 
opportunity  passes  forever  in  which  duty  demanded  we  should  speak. 

We  are  content  to  leave  the  future  of  the  Exhibition  in  the  hands  of  the  Governor  and 
the  Legislature. 

Plans,  estimates,  and  other  matters  of  detail  are  in  readiness,  and  will  be  communicated 
to  the  Legislature  in  such  manner  as  they  may  indicate. 

GEO.  T.  ANTHONY,  A.  J.  NORTH, 
EDGAR  W.  DENNIS,  D.  J.  EVANS, 
ALFRED  GRAY,  GEORGE  A.  CRAWFORD, 

JOHN  A.  MARTIN, 

State  Centennial  Managers. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   KANSAS. 

Approved  March  I,  1876. 
AN  ACT  to  enlarge  and  further  define  the  duties  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers, 

and  to  provide  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  a  Kansas  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  A.D. 

1876,  being  supplementary  to  chapter  44  of  the  laws  of  1874,  and  chapter  68  of  the  laws 

of  1875. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Kansas  : 

SECTION  I.  That  the  Governor  is  hereby  empowered  to  increase  the  State  Board  of 
Centennial  Managers  by  the  appointment  of  four  persons  as  members  of  said  Board,  in 
addition  to  the  five  members  provided  for  in  section  I  of  chapter  44  of  the  laws  of  1874. 

SEC.  2.  The  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  are  hereby  authorized  to  erect  a 
Kansas  State  Exhibition  building  in  Fairmount  Park,  Philadelphia,  in  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania, at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars  ($10,000),  in  which  they  shall  make 
a  thorough  and  attractive  exhibition  of  the  natural  and  artificial  wealth,  capabilities,  and 
advantages  of  the  State,  as  contemplated  in  chapter  68  of  the  session  laws  of  1875,  includ- 
ing the  educational  and  charitable  institutions  of  the  State,  and  such  other  interests  of  the 
State  as  said  Board  shall  deem  advisable  to  present  at  said  Exhibition ;  Provided,  that  a 
majority  of  the  new  Board,  when  organized,  shall  decide  on  a  plan  to  be  adopted  for 
building. 

SEC.  3.  The  said  Managers  shall  dispose  of  the  Exhibition  bui'ding  to  the  best  advan- 
tage of  the  State,  and  the  proceeds  thereof  shall  be  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  State  of 
Kansas,  after  making  payment  pro  rata  to  such  associations  or  corporations  as  shall  have 
contributed  to  the  construction  of  said  building. 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  SEC.  4.  The  Managers  are  hereby  authorized  and  required  to  exchange  with  other  States 

and  nations  duplicate  specimens,  when  practicable,  and  add  such  articles  as  may  thus  be 
received  in  exchange  to  the  original  collections  from  this  State,  all  of  which,  at  the  close  of 
the  Exhibition,  shall  be  returned  by  said  Managers  to  the  agricultural  rooms  in  the  State- 
house  at  Topeka,  this  to  constitute  a  museum  and  lie  preserved  as  the  property  of  the  State. 

SEC.  5.  Said  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  shall  have  power  to  make  all  neces- 
sary contracts,  and  procure  necessary  assistance  in  the  name  of  the  State,  for  the  purpose 
of  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  Act;  but  in  no  case  to  incur  liability  beyond,  or  in 
excess,  of  the  appropriation  herein  provided. 

SEC.  6.  The  Treasurer  of  said  Board  of  Managers  shall  give  bond,  as  other  State  officers 
receiving  and  disbursing  rnoneys,  in  the  penal  sum  of  thirty  thousand /dollars,  with  good 
and  sufficient  security,  to  be  approved  by  the  Governor  and  by  the  President  and  Secretary 
of  the  Board,  said  bond  to  be  conditional  that  said  Treasurer  will  honestly,  faithfully,  and 
fully  account  for  all  moneys  which  may  come  into  his  hands  by  virtue  of  his  said  office,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  and  the  orders  of  said  Board  of  Managers;  said 
bond  shall  be  given  in  duplicate,  one  copy  to  be  filed  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Board,  and 
the  other  deposited  with  the  Secretary  of  State.  It  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  State 
Auditor  to  see  that  said  bond  is  given  and  filed  and  approved  before  any  moneys  are 
drawn  by  the  Board  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

SEC.  7.  The  said  Board  of  Managers  shall  not  audit  or  pay  any  accounts,  claims,  or 
demands  against  them,  except  upon  itemized  statements  verified  by  the  oath  of  the  person 
to  whom  payment  may  be  due,  and  for  the  purpose  of  such  verification  the  Secretary  of  the 
Board  is  hereby  authorized  to  administer  oaths.  The  Treasurer  of  said  Board  shall  not  pay 
out  any  moneys  except  upon  orders  signed  by  the  President  of  the  Board,  and  counter- 
signed and  approved  by  the  Secretary. 

SEC.  8.  Twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  are 
hereby  appropriated  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated  to  carry 
out  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  to  be  paid  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  State  on  warrants  drawn 
by  the  State  Auditor;  but  the  Auditor  shall  not  issue  his  warrant  for  any  money  appro- 
priated by  this  Act  except  upon  the  filing  in  his  office  of  a  requisition  by  the  State  Board 
of  Centennial  Managers,  signed  by  the  President  and  Secretary  of  said  Board.  Upon  the 
filing  of  said  requisition  the  Auditor  shall  issue  his  warrant  for  the  sum  named  in  the 
requisition  in  favor  of  the  Treasurer  of  said  Board.  The  money  shall  thus  be  drawn  from 
time  to  time  only  in  such  sums  as  will  be  necessary  to  meet  the  current  and  necessary 
expenses  and  disbursements  of  the  Board,  and  all  moneys  not  required  as  herein  provided 
shall  be  returned  to  the  treasury. 

SEC.  9.  Any  five  members  of  such  Board,  at  any  meeting  regularly  called  after  said 
Board  shall  have  been  organized,  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

SEC.  10.  No  compensation  shall  be  allowed  or  paid  to  any  member  of  the  Board  for 
personal  services,  beyond  a  reimbursement  of  actual  expenses  incurred  in  the  performance 
of  duties  imposed  by  law. 

Provided,  That  no  more  than  three  thousand  dollars  of  the  amount  herein  appropriated 
shall  be  expended  for  expenses  of  the  members  of  the  said  Board  in  attending  the  Exhibi- 
tion, including  transportation  to  and  from  Philadelphia,  from  the  opening  to  the  close  of 
the  same. 

SEC.  II.  The  said  Board  of  Managers  shall  make  to  the  Governor  a  full  and  detailed 
report  of  their  proceedings  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  said  report  to  be  submitted  by 
the  Governor  to  the  Legislature  at  its  next  session,  and  shall  be  also  published  with  the 
report  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  for  1876. 

SEC.  12.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  publication  in  the 
Daily  Commonwealth. 

Approved  March  r,  1876. 


APPENDIX  D. 

KENTUCKY.  State  action. 

Kentucky. 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JAMES   B.  McCREARY. 

December  31,  1875. 

The  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  is  to  be  celebrated 
in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  by  the  holding  of  a  Grand  International  Exhibition  for  the  dis- 
play of  our  arts,  products,  minerals,  manufactures,  live-stock,  etc. 

The  indications  at  present  are,  that  it  will  be  an  event  that  will  always  be  remembered 
in  the  history  of  our  Republic,  and  that  in  grandeur  of  display,  magnificence  of  arrange- 
ment, and  in  the  multitudes  that  will  assemble,  it  will  equal,  and  perhaps  surpass,  any 
similar  Exhibition  ever  held  in  the  world. 

In  addition  to  its  being  an  occasion  where,  by  the  display  of  our  most  valuable  interests, 
we  may  attract  the  attention  and  command  the  admiration  of  all  the  civilized  powers  of  the 
earth,  it  will  also  furnish  a  grand  opportunity  for  men  of  every  section  of  our  common 
country  to  come  together  in  fraternity  and  friendship,  and,  forgetful  of  the  sorrows  and 
struggles  of  the  past,  pledge  anew  their  devotion  to  Liberty,  Free  Government,  and  Equal 
Rights. 

The  reception  of  articles  for  the  Exhibition  begins  January  5,  and  ends  April  19, 1876; 
and  the  Exhibition  will  be  opened  May  10,  and  continue  every  day,  Sundays  excepted,  until 
November  10,  1876. 

The  articles  to  be  exhibited  have  been  classified  in  seven  different  departments,  as  fol- 
lows :  Mining  and  Metallurgy,  Agriculture,  Manufactures,  Education  and  Science,  Art, 
Machinery,  and  Horticulture.  In  addition  to  these,  the  Women's  Centennial  Executive 
Committee  have  raised  thirty  thousand  dollars  for  the  erection  of  a  pavilion,  in  which  to 
exhibit  every  kind  of  women's  work,  and  arrangements  have  also  been  made  upon  a  large 
scale  for  a  live-stock  exhibition. 

The  foreign  Governments  which  have  formally  agreed  to  take  part  in  this  International 
Exhibition,  and  appointed  Commissions  to  superintend  the  exhibition  of  their  citizens,  are 
Germany,  France,  Great  Britain,  Spain,  Sweden,  Persia,  China,  Egypt,  Ecuador,  Denmark, 
Japan,  Chili,  Brazil,  Bolivia,  Belgium,  Turkey,  Mexico,  the  Argentine  Confederation,  and 
sixteen  other  smaller  powers  not  necessary  to  mention,  comprising  almost  every  Government 
in  Europe,  South  America,  and  some  of  the  more  distant  Eastern  powers. 

Advisory  State  Boards,  charged  with  representation  of  their  respective  Commonwealths 
and  their  citizens  in  the  Exhibition,  have  been  officially  formed  in  thirty-three  States  of  this 
Union  and  six  Territories,  and  offices  and  headquarters  of  considerable  architectural  beauty 
have  been  constructed  by  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Virginia,  West 
Virginia,  Delaware,  Connecticut,  Michigan,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Massachusetts,  New 
Hampshire,  Kansas,  Nevada,  Wisconsin,  and  Iowa.  Thirteen  States  have  appropriate  1 
money,  ranging  from  five  thousand  up  to  one  million  and  a  half  of  dollars,  to  aid  in  the 
display  of  their  articles,  and  other  States  have  appropriated  smaller  sums. 

Kentuckians  will  naturally  ask,  What  has  Kentucky  done  toward  being  represented  at 
this  grand  gathering  of  the  States  of  our  Republic  and  of  the  civilized  nations  of  the 
world  ?  I  answer,  She  has  done  virtually  nothing.  In  the  list  of  thirty-three  States  that 
have  appointed  Advisory  Boards,  the  name  of  Kentucky  does  not  appear.  In  the  long  list 
of  States  which  have  erected  buildings  on  the  Centennial  grounds,  or  which  have  appropri- 
ated money  for  the  collection  and  display  of  articles,  Kentucky's  name  is  not  found. 

When  the  Act  of  Congress  which  provided  for  "  celebrating  the  one  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  American  independence,  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition,"  was  passed,  it 
authorized  the  creation  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  directed  that  this 
body  should  be  composed  of  two  Commissioners  from  each  State  and  Territory,  nominated 
by  the  respective  Governors,  and  commissioned  by  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
These  two  Commissioners  were  appointed  in  Kentucky,  and  that  is  all  that  has  been  done. 


!(5o  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.      There  being  no  meeting  of  the  General  Assembly  of  our  State  last  winter,  the  legislative 
Kentucky.         department  of  Kentucky  has  had  no  opportunity  to  consider  this  Exhibition  since  it  was 
established  on  a  farm  basis. 

The  estimate  that  the  world  at  large  will  form  of  the  several  States  of  our  confederation 
will  largely  depend  on  the  display  made  by  them  at  this,  our  first  National  Exhibition. 
Shall  Kentucky  fail  to  take  her  proper  place  there,  where  all  the  nationalities  of  the  world 
will  be  brought  face  to  face  ?  Shall  she  fail  to  advertise  on  this  world-wide  stage  her  arts, 
products,  minerals,  and  manufactures  ?  Have  Kentuckians  no  desire  to  encourage  immi- 
gration and  attract  capital  to  our  State  by  displaying  our  attractions  there  ? 

Are  our  inexhaustible  and  varied  minerals  more  profitable  where,  they  lie  hidden  in  the 
depths  of  the  earth  than  if  brought  forth  by  sturdy  laborers  to  build  railroads,  found  indus- 
tries, and  expand  our  commerce  and  wealth  ?  Are  our  vacant,  unoccupied  lands  more 
profitable  in  their  pristine  loveliness,  and  our  fertile  fields  more  valuable  while  half  tilled, 
than  if  they  were  peopled  with  thousands  of  thrifty  immigrants,  who  would  flock  hither  if 
they  appreciated  the  natural  advantages  of  our  Commonwealth  ?  Are  we  ashamed  of  out 
unequaled  products,  such  as  tobacco,  hemp,  corn,  wheat,  and  rye,  or  of  our  magnificent 
horses  and  cattle,  hogs  and  sheep,  that  we  should  decline  to  participate  in  this  Exhibition  ? 
These  are  questions  for  you  who  constitute  the  legislative  department  of  this  State  to 
answer.  I  recommend  that  you  promptly  make  such  enactments  as  will  cause  our  Com- 
monwealth to  be  fully  represented  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  and  that  you  make  such 
an  appropriation  of  money,  to  be  used  for  the  display  of  Kentucky's  arts,  products,  min- 
erals, manufactures,  and  live-stock,  as  in  your  wisdom  you  may  deem  proper. 


JOINT   RESOLUTIONS   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   KENTUCKY. 

Approved  February  17,  1876. 

Resolved  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky,  That  the  Gov- 
ernor is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  ten  Commissioners, — one  from  each  Congressional 
District, — who  shall  serve  without  cost  to  the  State.  N.  S.  Shaler,  the  Governor,  and  said 
Commissioners  shall  constitute  the  Kentucky  Centennial  Board,  which  is  authorized  to  take 
such  steps  and  do  all  such  things  as  to  them  shall  seem  proper  for  securing  at  the  Centen- 
nial Exhibition  at  Philadelphia  a  due  representation,  by  specimens,  publications,  and  other- 
wise, of  the  natural  resources  of  the  Commonwealth, — especially  in  timber,  coal,  lead,  iron, 
and  other  mineral  wealth, — and  of  such  other  things  as  may,  in  their  judgment,  illustrate 
the  resources  of  the  Commonwealth,  developed  and  undeveloped,  or  promote  its  interest, 
and  to  expend  at  their  discretion  for  such  purpose  such  sums  as  may  be  required,  not  ex- 
ceeding in  the  aggregate  five  thousand  dollars,  which  sum  is  hereby  appropriated,  and  such 
sum  or  sums  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury  on  warrant  drawn  by  the  Governor 
or  order  of  said  Board  at  such  time  or  times  as  shall  to  said  Board  seem  expedient,  not 
exceeding  the  amount  appropriated. 

W.  J.  STONE,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
JOHN   C.  UNDERWOOD,  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 
Approved  February  17,  1876. 

JAMES   B.  McCREARY. 

By  the  Governor :  J.  STODDARD   JOHNSON,  Secretary  of  State. 

COMMONWEALTH  OF  KENTUCKY 
OFFICE  OF  SECRETARY  OF  STATE 

I,  J.  Stoddard  Johnson,  Secretary  of  State,  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  true  copy  from 
the  original  enrolled  resolution,  entitled 


APPENDIX  D.  !6i 

"No.  31.  State  action. 

Joint  Resolution  appropriating  five  thousand  dollars  for  Centennial  purposes."  Kentucky. 

On  file  in  iny  office. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  the  seal  of 
[SEAL.]  my  office,  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  this  i8th  day  of  December,  1876,  and  in 

the  85th  year  of  the  Commonwealth. 

J.  STODDARD  JOHNSON,  Secretary  of  State. 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JAMES   B.  McCREARY. 

STATE  OF  KENTUCKY,  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT,  February  25,  1876. 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES: 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  approved  Feb- 
ruary 15,  1876,  I  appointed  ten  Commissioners,  who,  together  with  the  State  Geologist  and 
myself,  constitute  the  Kentucky  Centennial  Board. 

A  meeting  of  this  Board  was  held  at  the  Executive  office  on  Thursday,  February  24, 
1876,  "to  take  such  steps  and  do  such  things  as  seemed  proper  for  securing,  at  the  Centen- 
nial Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  a  due  representation,  by  specimens,  publication,  and  other- 
wise, of  the  natural  resources  of  the  Commonwealth,  especially  in  timber,  coal,  lead,  iron, 
and  other  mineral  wealth,  and  of  such  other  things  as  illustrate  the  resources  of  the 
Commonwealth,  developed  and  undeveloped,  or  promote  its  interest."  After  careful  con- 
sideration of  their  important  duties,  the  Commissioners  presented  to  me  the  following  com- 
munication, with  the  request  that  I  present  it  to  the  General  Assembly  of  Kentucky : 

FRANKFORT,  KENTUCKY,  February  24,  1876. 

To  HIS  EXCELLENCY  THE  GOVERNOR  OF  KENTUCKY: 

The  undersigned  Commissioners,  appointed  by  your  Excellency  to  have  duly  represented 
in  the  Centennial  Exhibition  of  Philadelphia  the  mineral,  agricultural,  and  mechanical 
interests  of  the  State,  as  provided  for  by  the  Joint  Resolution  of  the  Legislature  under  which 
we  hold  our  appointment,  beg  leave  to  respectfully  represent,  that,  after  duly  considering 
the  subject,  we  are  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  the  sum  appropriated  is  insufficient  for  the 
accomplishment  of  the  object  contemplated  in  that  efficient  manner  which  the  people  of  the 
State  have  a  right  to  anticipate.  Since  assembling  here  to-day,  we  learn  from  authoritative 
source  that  the  space  available  in  the  buildings  of  the  Exhibition  is  so  limited  as  t  -  render 
it  impossible  that  our  minerals  alone  can  be  properly  exposed,  leaving  out  all  other  objects 
of  general  interest  which  the  State  can  so  richly  supply.  The  grounds  selected  for  the 
Exhibition  are  not  yet  fully  occupied ;  but  to  open  up  our  specimens  r  nd  productions  with- 
out the  protection  of  shelter  would  be  inexpedient,  and  result  in  lamentable  disappointment. 

We  do  not  perceive  how  we  can  meet  the  expectations  of  the  Legislature  without  the 
means  are  afforded  us  of  erecting  a  building  in  which  our  display  can  be  made,  and  are 
assured  that  this  can  be  accomplished  without  any  serious  draft  upon  our  treasury.  With 
five  thousand  dollars  ($5000)  additional  appropriation,  we  have  positive  assurance  that  our 
part  in  that  grand  national  gathering  can  be  made  respectable  and  of  enduring  advantage 
to  the  State. 

We  possess,  in  very  rich  abundance,  a  great  variety  of  minerals  which  will  be  duly 
appreciated  by  the  intelligence  of  foreign  Governments  as  well  as  our  people.  Our  agricul- 
tural productions  are  of  a  character  to  excite  deep  interest  in  all  people  of  every  clime,  and 
our  mechanical  skill  will  attract  attention  from  all  observers;  and  all  that  is  needed  to  make 
this  display  very  valuable  to  Kentucky  is  the  means  to  fairly  lay  them  before  the  world. 
The  building  would  be  used  for  that  purpose  primarily,  but  is  very  essential  as  a  kind  of 
headquarters  for  Kentuckians. 

II 


1 62  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  If  your  Excelle  icy  "oncurs  with  us  in  the  suggestions  presented,  we  respectfully  ask 

><*y.         that  you  will,  by  message,  present  this  communication  to  the  Legislature,  with  such  urgency 
of  recommendation  as  may  seem  to  be  demanded  by  its  importance. 

If  favorably  viewed  by  that  honorable  body,  we  trust  that  we  shall  be  speedily  allowed 
to  carry  forward  a  measure  which  we  feel  fully  assured  will  result  to  the  great  interest  of 
the  State. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servants, 
W.  B.  MACHEN,  WILLIAM  WARFIELD, 

CLINTON  GRIFFITH,         JENNINGS  PRICE, 
E.  C.  HOBSON,  JOHN  DISHMAN, 

J.  C.  HUGHES,  FRANCIS  L.  CLEVELAND, 

Commissioners. 

This  memorial  coming,  as  it  does,  from  a  Board  of  Commissioners  representing  every 
section  of  the  Commonwealth  and  almost  every  industry  and  profession,  is  sufficient  with- 
out any  comment  from  me;  yet  the  importance  of  the  subject  and  the  great  interests  involved 
induce  me  to  add  something  to  what  I  have  said  in  a  former  message. 

You  have  already  declared  that  Kentucky  shall  be  represented  in  the  Centennial  Exhibi- 
tion. If  represented  at  all,  it  should  be  in  a  way  commensurate  with  the  wealth,  resources, 
and  greatness  of  our  State.  A  meagre  representation  is,  perhaps,  worse  than  no  representa- 
tion. States  are  vying  with  each  other  in  generous  rivalry  in  their  efforts  to  help  this 
International  Exhibition  in  which  the  arts,  products,  minerals,  manufactures,  and  live-stock 
of  the  world  will  be  represented.  The  indications  at  present  are  that  it  will  be  an  event 
that  will  be  forever  remembered  in  the  history  of  this  Republic,  and  that  in  magnificence 
of  arrangement,  grandeur  of  display,  and  the  multitude  in  attendance,  it  will  surpass  any 
similar  Exhibition  ever  held. 

Nearly  all  the  civilized  powers  of  the  earth  have,  through  the  proper  authorities,  agreed 
to  take  part  in  this  Exhibition,  and  many  of  them  have  sent  their  own  skilled  mechanics  to 
erect  suitable  buildings.  Headquarters  of  considerable  architectural  beauty,  and  commo- 
dious exhibitory  buildings,  have  been  erected  by  seventeen  States  of  this  Union,  and  almost 
every  State  and  Territory  will  participate. 

The  estimate  that  the  guests  of  the  nation,  as  well  as  citizens  of  our  sister  States,  will 
form  of  Kentucky  will  largely  depend  on  the  display  made  by  us  at  this  our  first  National 
Exhibition.  The  space  allowed  Kentucky  in  the  Centennial  buildings  already  erected  is 
entirely  inadequate  to  the  necessities  of  our  State;  and  if  anything  like  a  proper  and 
creditable  display  is  made,  we  must  increase  the  space  at  our  own  expense,  as  many  other 
States  have  done. 

The  Commissioners  from  each  of  the  Congressional  Districts  of  the  Commonwealth, 
defraying  their  own  expenses,  have  come  to  the  capital, — many  of  them  from  distant  homes, 
— and,  actuated  by  a  sense  of  duty  and  devotion  to  their  State,  ask  you  to  increase  the 
appropriation. 

The  question  presented  is  one  of  business,  and  not  of  passion  or  pleasure.  Plainly,  it 
is :  Shall  Kentucky  take  her  proper  position  when  all  the  States  of  the  Union  and  all  the 
nationalities  of  the  world  are  brought  face  to  face,  by  advertising  in  a  proper  way,  on  this 
world-wide  stage,  her  greatness  and  attractions  ? 

Our  State  is  able,  from  her  abundance,  to  spare  the  amount  asked  for ;  and,  aside  from 
the  capital  that  might  be  attracted  by  a  proper  display,  and  the  sturdy  immigrants  who  thus 
might  be  drawn  here  to  build  railroads,  found  industries,  and  expand  our  commerce  and 
wealth,  it  is  our  duty,  if  Kentucky  participates  at  all  in  this  grand  international  display,  to 
make  such  participation  worthy  of  our  people,  our  past  history,  and  our  future  hopes. 

JAMES    B.  McCREARY,  Governor  of  Kentucky. 


APPENDIX  D.  ^3 

LOUISIANA.  State  actiu. 

Louisian:.. 

SPECIAL  MESSAGE  OF   GOVERNOR   WILLIAM   P.    KELLOGG. 

STATE  OF  LOUISIANA,  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT, 

NEW  ORLEANS,  January  19,  1874. 
To  THE  HONORABLE  SPEAKER  AND  MEMBERS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES: 

On  the  third  of  March,  1871,  Congress  passed  an  Act  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  One 
Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence  by  holding  an  International  Exhibi- 
tion of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
in  the  year  1876.  The  Act  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a  Commissioner  and  an  Alter- 
nate Commissioner  from  each  State  and  Territory,  to  constitute  a  commission,  which  was 
required  to  hold  its  meetings  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  to  report  to  Congress  a  plan 
for  carrying  out  the  object  of  the  Act. 

Preliminary  measures  have  been  already  adopted  for  the  purpose. 

It  is  recommended  by  the  Centennial  Commission  that  each  State  and  Territory  appoint 
a  Board  of  Managers,  not  exceeding  five  in  number,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  thorough 
representation  of  the  products  of  industry  of  their  respective  States  and  Territories.  I  refer 
this  recommendation  to  you,  asking  that  you  give  the  subject,  favorable  consideration.  It  is 
not  proposed  that  the  members  of  the  State  Board  shall  receive  compensation.  Gentlemen 
will  doubtless  be  found  ready  to  undertake  the  duties  in  the  interests  of  the  State  without 
salary.  A  small  appropriation  may,  however,  be  needed  for  the  services  of  a  clerk  and 
other  incidental  expenses.  The  amount  necessary  will  be  inconsiderable,  and  will  be 
needed  for  two  years  only,  from  the  Fourth  of  July  next. 

WILLIAM    P.    KELLOGG,   Governor. 


JOINT   RESOLUTION   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   LOUISIANA. 
Approved  March  21,  1874. 

Whereas,  An  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  provided  for  the  National 
Celebration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States 
by  holding  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  the  Mine ; 
and 

Whereas,  The  President,  by  a  proclamation  issued  July  4,  1873,  announced  the  Cele- 
bration and  International  Exhibition,  and  commended  them  to  the  people  of  the  United 
States  and  of  all  nations ;  and 

Whereas,  The  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  a  body  created  and  its  members 
appointed  by  the  President  under  provisions  of  Act  of  Congress  above  referred  to,  in 
providing  for  an  efficient  adjustment  of  the  preliminaries  to  the  Exhibition,  and  in  order 
to  organize  a  uniform  system  throughout  the  United  States,  has  placed  upon  Centennial 
Boards  of  Managers  to  be  established  by  the  States  respectively  the  responsibility  of  secur- 
ing full  representation  of  the  products  and  resources  of  their  States  in  the  Exhibition;  of 
disseminating  information  about  it,  and  issuing  invitations  to  participate ;  of  receiving  and 
pronouncing  upon  applications  made  for  space ;  of  apportioning  the  space  placed  at  their 
disposal  among  the  exhibitors  from  their  States;  and  of  supervising  such  other  details  relating 
lo  the  representation  of  their  States  respectively  as  may  be  from  time  to  time  delegated  to 
them  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission ;  therefore, 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana  in  General  Assembly  com>ened  : 

That  the  Governor  shall  appoint  three  citizens  of  the  State,  who  shall,  with  the  United 


164 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


State  action 
Louisiana. 


States  Centennial  Commissioner  and  Alternate  for  Louisiana,  constitute  the  State  Centen- 
nial Board  of  Managers,  whose  functions  shall  continue  until  the  close  of  the  Centennial 
Exhibition  in  Philadelphia  in  1876.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  Board  of  Managers 
to  take  such  action  as  will  secure  a  full  and  thorough  representation  of  the  resources  and 
products  at  the  Exhibition,  and  perform  such  other  duties  relating  to  the  representation  of 
the  citizens  of  the  State  in  the  Exhibition  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  delegated  to  it  by  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commission ;  Provided,  that  nothing  in  this  Act  contained  shall 
be  so  construed  as  to  render  the  State  liable  for  any  pay  or  expenses  for  said  Commissioners 
or  any  persons  employed  by  them. 

(Signed)         CHARLES   W.    LOWELL,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

(Signed)         C.    C.    ANTOINE,  Lieutenant- Cover  nor  and  President  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  March  21,  1874. 

(Signed)  WILLIAM   P.   KELLOGG,  Governor  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

STATE  OF  LOUISIANA,  OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 

NEW  ORLEANS,  April  7,  1876. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  Act  is  a  true  and  correct  copy  of  the  original  on 
[SEAL.]  file  in  this  office. 

N.    DURAND,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  WILLIAM  P.  KELLOGG. 

January  3,  1876. 

An  Act  of  a  previous  Legislature  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a  State  Board  of 
Managers  to  represent  the  interests  of  the  State  at  the  Centennial  celebration  of  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  nation  in  Philadelphia  in  1876,  but  made  no  appropriation  to  defray  the 
necessary  expenses.  I  recommend  that  a  suitable  appropriation  be  made  to  maintain  the 
dignity  of  the  State. 


Maine. 


MAINE. 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  ADDRESS  OF  GOVERNOR   NELSON  DINGLEY,  JR. 

January  8,  1874. 

By  authority  of  an  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  a  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners was  appointed  by  the  President  to  prepare  and  superintend  the  execution  of  a  plan 
for  the  national  celebration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of 
the  United  States,  by  the  holding  of  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of 
the  Soil  and  Mine,  at  Philadelphia,  during  the  summer  of  1876.  The  Centennial  Com- 
mission, ably  represented  on  the  part  of  this  State  by  Hon.  Joshua  Nye  as  Commissioner, 
and  Hon.  Charles  P.  Kimball  as  Alternate  Commissioner,  have  made  most  successful  pro- 
gress in  arranging  such  an  International  Exhibition  as  will  serve  as  a  fitting  recognition  of 
so  important  a  national  event,  and  at  the  same  time  as  a  worthy  exposition  of  our  progres 
in  literature,  art,  science,  and  industry.  To  further  the  objects  of  the  Exhibition,  and  se- 
cure an  appropriate  representation  of  the  industries  of  the  several  States,  the  Commissioners 
invite  Maine  to  appoint  a  Board  of  Directors  consisting  of  five  members,  who,  with  the 
Commissioner  and  Alternate  Commissioner,  shall  constitute  the  State  Board  of  Centennial 


APPENDIX  D.  165 

Managers,  upon  whom  will  devolve  the  responsibility  of  seeing  that  the  State  is  properly  State  actio- 
represented  in  the  Exhibition,  and  all  its  interests  there  faithfully  cared  for.     I  recommend  Maine- 
that  you  authorize  the  appointment  of  such  Directors,  to  serve  without  compensation. 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  MAINE. 
Approved  February  28,  1874. 

Resolved,  That  the  Governor  be,  and  is  hereby,  authorized  to  appoint  a  Board  of  Directors 
consisting  of  five  members,  who,  with  Commissioner  and  Assistant  Commissioner,  shall  con- 
stitute the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  to  see  that  the  State  is  properly  represented 
in  the  proposed  celebration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of 
the  United  States,  by  the  holding  of  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of 
the  Soil  and  Mine,  at  Philadelphia,  during  the  summer  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
six,  said  Commissioners  to  receive  no  compensation  for  their  personal  services,  except 
necessary  expenses,  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  for  the  year  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy-four. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives,  February  26,  1874,  read  and  passed  finally. 

W.  W.  THOMAS,  JR.,  Speaker. 

In  Senate,  February  27,  1874,  read  and  passed  finally. 

J.  E.  BUTLER,  President. 
Approved  February  28,  1874. 

NELSON   DINGLEY,  JR.,  Governor. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  ADDRESS  OF  GOVERNOR   NELSON  DINGLEY,  JR. 

January,  1875. 

By  authority  of  a  resolve  of  the  last  Legislature,  a  Board  of  Directors  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  look  after  the  interests  of  the  State  with  reference  to  the  proposed  Centennial 
Exhibition  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  and  to  aid  in  promoting  the  success  of  the  celebration 
of  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  nation's  existence. 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MAINE. 
Approved  February  10,  1875. 

Resolved,  That  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  be  appropriated  for  the  use  of  the  Maine 
Centennial  Commission,  and  the  same  be  at  the  disposal  of  the  said  Board,  under  the  order 
of  the  Governor  and  Executive  Council,  subject  to  the  same  restrictions  as  imposed  in  the 
resolve  of  the  Legislature  approved  February  twenty-eighth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
four. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives,  February  8,  1875,  read  and  passed  finally. 

W.  W.  THOMAS,  JR.,  Speaker. 
In  Senate,  February  9,  1875,  read  and  passed  finally. 

.EDMUND   F.  WEBB,  President. 
Approved  February  10,  1875. 

NELSON   DINGLEY,  JR.,  Governor. 


1 66  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.         EXTRACT   FROM   THE  ADDRESS  OF  GOVERNOR   SELDEN   CONNOR. 

Maine. 

January,  1876. 

The  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and 
Mine,  to  be  held  in  Philadelphia  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  States,  bids  fair  to 
constitute  a  worthy  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independ- 
ence. Preparations  have  been  made  on  the  most  extensive  scale,  and  are  rapidly  approach- 
ing completion ;  and  so  many  assurances  of  intention  to  participate  have  been  received  from 
the  governments  and  people  of  the  civilized  world,  as  to  indicate  that  the  American  Con- 
gress of  Industry  will  at  least  equal  those  which  have  been  held  by  other  countries.  No 
more  appropriate  celebration  of  the  greai  event  could  have  been  devised.  The  establish- 
ment of  a  government  of  the  people  not  only  secured  the  happiness  and  prosperity  which 
we  enjoy,  but  sent  abroad  an  influence  which  has  manifested  itself  in  the  amelioration  of 
ihe  political  condition  of  the  people  of  other  lands,  and  is  constantly  and  surely  extending. 
It  is  fitting,  therefore,  that  we  should  invite  all  nations  to  join  in  the  commemoration  of  the 
birthday  of  freedom, — to  enter  the  lists  in  the  modern  "  Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,"  where 
kings  of  mind  and  knights  of  labor  contend  in  friendly  rivalries. 

It  engages  the  honor  of  our  State  and  citizens  to  put  forth  every  effort  to  secure  a  full 
representation  of  the  resources  and  productions  of  Maine,  since,  whether  rightfully  or  not, 
the  guests  of  the  nation  will  judge  of  the  importance  and  capability  of  each  State  from  the 
display  it  makes  at  what  appears  to  be  its  chosen  time  and  place. 

The  Commissioners  appointed  by  the  State  have  co-operated  with  those  of  the  general 
Board,  and  have  succeeded  in  awakening  such  an  interest  and  enrolling  so  many  exhibitors 
that  they  already  confidently  anticipate  that  the  extent,  variety,  and  attractiveness  of  her 
contributions  will  entitle  Maine  to  a  creditable  position  among  her  sister  States.  The  seven 
departments,  Mining,  Manufactures,  Education  and  Science,  Art,  Machinery,  Agriculture, 
and  Horticulture,  which  form  the  classification  of  articles  in  the  Exhibition,  will  all  have 
some  representation  from  our  State,  though  necessarily  a  limited  one  in  some  classes.  The 
assured  contributions  of  woolen  and  cotton  textile  fabrics,  granite,  slate,  feldspar,  iron, 
machinery,  agricultural  implements,  canned  products,  and  articles  manufactured  from  wood 
pulp,  are  numerous  and  extensive.  Add  to  these  such  contributions  of  cattle  and  horses, 
cereals,  fruits,  dairy  products,  grasses,  native  woods,  and  samples  of  the  shipbuilder's  art 
as  the  State  is  capable  of  furnishing, — and  it  is  hoped  that  they  may  be  obtained, — and  the 
aggregate  must  constitute  a  more  interesting  exhibition  of  our  resources  and  industries  than 
the  State  has  ever  witnessed. 

I  am  confident  that  you  will  consult  the  sentiment  of  the  people,  by  appropriating  such 
a  sum  in  this  behalf  as  the  Commissioners  shall  in  their  estimate  show  to  be  necessary  to 
defray  the  general  expenses  proper  to  be  borne  by  the  State. 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MAINE. 

Approved  February  22,  1876. 

Resolved,  That  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  be  appropriated  for  the  befitting  expo- 
sition of  Maine's  resources  at  the  forthcoming  International  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  to 
be  expended,  or  so  much  thereof  as  shall  be  necessary,  under  the  care  and  direction  of  the 
State  Centennial  Commission,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Governor  and  Council. 
In  the  House  of  Representatives,  February  21,  1876,  read  and  passed  finally. 

FREDERICK    ROBIE,  Speaker. 

In  Senate,  February  22,  1876,  read  and  passed  finally. 

THOMAS   W.  HYDE,  President. 
•  Approved  February  22,  1876. 

SELDEN   CONNOR,   Governor. 


APPENDIX  D.  167 

RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   MAINE. 

Approved  February  23,  1876. 

Resolved,  That  the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  appropriated  for  the  purpose  of  paying  the  expenses  of  the 
Governor  and  staff  in  attending  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives,  February  23,  1876,  read  and  passed  finally. 

FREDERICK  ROBIE,  Speaker. 
In  Senate,  February  23,  1876,  read  and  passed  finally. 

THOMAS   W.  HYDE,  President. 
Approved  February  23,  1876. 

SELDEN   CONNOR,  Governor. 


MARYLAND.  Maryland. 

JOINT  CENTENNIAL  COMMITTEE   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  MARY- 
LAND. 

BY  THE  SENATE, 

January  18,  1876. 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  DELEGATES: 

We  propose,  with  the  concurrence  of  your  honorable  body,  the  appointment,  by  the 
President  of  the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  of  a  Joint  Committee, 
consisting  of  seven  members  upon  the  part  of  the  Senate,  and  seven  upon  the  part  of  the 
House  of  Delegates,  to  be  constituted  a  "  Committee  on  the  Centennial,"  to  whom  shall  be 
referred  for  consideration  all  matters  appertaining  to  the  participation  by  the  State  in  the 
celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independence ;  which  Com- 
mittee shall  have  leave  to  report  by  bill  or  otherwise. 

The  President  has  appointed  on  the  part  of  the  Senate,  Messrs.  Stevens,  Dennis,  Walsh, 
Cooper,  Ford,  Suit,  and  Steiner. 

By  order, 
AUGUSTUS  GASSAWAY,  Secretary. 


BY  THE  HOUSE  OF  DELEGATES, 

January  19,  1876. 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE: 

We  have  received  your  message  proposing  to  appoint  a  Joint  Committee  of  seven  on 
the  Centennial,  and  respectfully  concur  therein. 

We  name  as  members  of  the  Committee  on  part  of  the  House,  Messrs.  Smith,  of  Dor- 
chester, Loane,  Brooke,  Hodges,  Rusk,  Purnell,  and  Dodson. 

By  order, 

MILTON  Y.  KIDD,  Chief  Clerk. 
[Which  was  read,  assented  to,  and  sent  to  the  Senate.] 


Resolved  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  That  the  Joint  Committee  on  the  Cen- 
tennial be,  and  they  are  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  aid,  assist,  and  co-operate  with 
United  States  Centennial  Commissioners  from  this  State,  under  their  direction  and  control, 
in  all  proper  efforts  toward  the  representation  of  the  State  of  Maryland  in  its  participation 
in  the  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independence,  to  be  held  in 
the  City  of  Philadelphia  during  the  ensuing  year;  Provided,  however,  that  the  said  Com- 


1 68  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.      mittee  shall  themselves  pay  all  expenses  that  may  be  incident  to  their  duties,  and  shall  in 
Maryland.         RQ  way  be  empOwere(j  to  contract  liabilities  u  hatever  against  the  State. 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSIONERS  FOR  MARYLAND  TO 
THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  MARYLAND. 

BALTIMORE,  January  31,  1876. 

DEAR  SIR, — Having  been  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  nom- 
ination of  his  Excellency  the  Governor  of  Maryland,  Commissioners,  on  the  Commission 
authorized  to  be  constituted  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  Act  of  Congress  to  provide  for  cele- 
brating the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an  Inter- 
national Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine ;  and  having 
seen  that,  in  accordance  with  the  suggestions  of  Governor  Carroll,  a  Committee  of  the 
Legislature  of  Maryland,  of  which  you  are  Chairman,  has  been  appointed,  in  view  of 
having  Maryland  properly  represented  on  this  occasion,  we  have  thought  that  it  would  not 
be  out  of  place  to  address  you,  in  anticipation  of  the  action  of  your  Committee. 

Although  ranking,  in  point  of  size,  among  the  smaller  States  of  the  Union,  there  is 
perhaps  not  one  whose  arts,  manufactures,  and  products  of  the  soil  and  mine  are  more 
varied,  or  which  would  more  reputably  and  honorably  contribute  to  the  coming  Exhibition 
in  Philadelphia. 

In  the  commercial  world  the  credit  of  Maryland  stands  second  to  none.  In  the  great 
European  money  markets  her  public  securities  are  well  known  and  as  highly  valued. 
But  this  world,  that  we  refer  to,  is  a  very  narrow  one  compared  to  that  which  will  be  repre- 
sented from  all  quarters  of  the  globe  during  the  ensuing  summer  at  the  Centennial  celebra- 
tion ;  and  it  is  to  this  wider  world  that  we  would  have  Maryland  make  known  the  resources 
.which  have  given  her  the  credit  due  to  the  energy,  ingenuity,  skill,  and  perseverance  which 
have  turned  to  such  good  account  the  happy  circumstances  of  her  soil  and  climate. 

The  present  is  an  opportunity  never  to  occur  again.  Other  exhibitions,  similar  in 
character,  may  take  place,  but  they  will  want  the  attractiveness  of  this.  The  two  hun- 
dredth anniversary  may  be  the  next;  there  can  be  none  before  it.  It  is  a  remote  and  may 
be  an  uncertain  future  for  coming  generations ;  but  we  have  hold  of  the  present,  we  are 
sure  of  that,  and  Maryland  would  not  be  true  to  her  good  name  and  fame  were  she  not 
to  be  represented  in  a  manner  corresponding  to  her  means,  her  opportunities,  and  her 
patriotism. 

One  of  the  Commissioners,  in  a  recent  visit  to  Philadelphia,  obtained  information  that 
is  not  without  interest,  looking  to  the  probable  expense  of  such  a  representation  of  Mary- 
land as  would  be  proper  under  the  circumstances,  and  the  conclusion  to  which  both  have 
come  is  that  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  would  not  at  all  exceed  what  may  be  set  down  as 
necessary. 

The  Commissioners  neither  ask  nor  will  receive  compensation  for  their  services,  but 
such  a  collection  of  the  arts,  manufactures,  and  products  of  the  soil  and  mine  of  the  State, 
as  their  appointment  contemplates,  does  not  make  itself,  nor  can  the  interest  or  the  oppor- 
tunities of  individuals  be  relied  on  to  furnish  it.  It  must  be  gathered  by  special  agencies, 
and  these  must  be  paid. 

It  must  not  be  distributed  sporadically  through  the  vast  halls  that  have  been  erected, 
a  roll  of  cotton  duck  in  one  place,  a  case  of  shoes  in  another,  copper  from  the  bare  hills  in 
another,  iron  from  Alleghany  in  another,  models  of  the  fish  of  Maryland  here,  specimens 
of  the  woods  there:  all  should  be  collected,  arranged,  classified,  and  attended  in  one  place, 
a  work  requiring  intelligence  of  a  high  order,  which  must  also  be  paid  for ;  and  when  the 
Maryland  collection  is  complete,  it  should  be  in  charge  of  one  or  more  persons  capable  of 
describing  it  properly  and  securing  for  it  that  consideration  among  the  tens  of  thousands 
of  visitors,  which  will  be  its  due  if  Maryland  does  herself  justice.  Then  it  must  be  watched, 
and  labor,  more  or  less  in  connection  therewith,  will  be  necessary  during  the  entire  Exhi- 


APPENDIX  D.  i6g 

bition,  and  in  disposing  of  the  articles  exhibited,  and  removing  them  when  the  Exhibition  State  action, 
is  over.  Maryland. 

Clerical  services  also  will  be  wanted  to  keep  the  accounts  of  expenditures,  and  attend  to 
correspondence  with  exhibitors  from  Maryland  and  others,  and  in  addition  must  be  paid  for. 

Willing  as  the  Commissioners  might  be,  they  would  be  utterly  incompetent,  even  phys- 
ically, to  do  a  tithe  of  what  would  be  necessary  in  these  various  respects. 

Then,  again,  it  has  seemed  to  the  Commissioners,  after  obtaining  information  upon  the 
spot,  that  the  proper  transaction  of  what  may  be  called  the  business  of  their  appointment 
requires  that  there  should  be  a  temporary  building,  reputable  in  appearance,  for  the  offices 
of  those  whom  the  Commissioners  might  employ,  which  might  be  used  by  the  Governor 
and  such  State  officials  as  might  have  occasion  to  resort  to  it  during  the  continuance  of  the 
Exhibition,  and  which  should  also  contain  one  or  more  reception-rooms  for  the  visitors  from 
Maryland,  where  they  might  feel  they  had  a  right  to  be,  and  over  which  the  flag  of  Mary- 
land should  at  all  times  be  flying. 

To  those  who  have  never  visited  the  Centennial  grounds,  it  may  seem  strange  that  all 
this  preparation  is  suggested  even,  and  there  may  be  some  who  think  that  the  whole  Exhi- 
bition may  be  seen  in  a  few  hours'  walk.  But  when  it  is  borne  in  mind  that  in  extent  of 
ground,  in  multitude  and  magnitude  of  buildings,  and  in  variety  of  subjects  exhibited,  the 
Centennial  area  and  buildings,  and  their  contents,  will  exceed  anything  of  the  sort  yet 
known  in  the  world,  it  will  more  readily  be  believed  that  a  building  which  might  be 
regarded  as  a  sort  of  resting-place  and  home  for  Marylanders  in  the  midst  of  this  vast 
collection  of  peoples  and  their  products  will  be  not  unwelcome,  even  if  we  were  careless 
of  the  fact  that  the  Maryland  building  would  add  to  the  conspicuousness  of  the  State  on 
this  occasion. 

As  you  must  have  observed  in  the  newspapers,  other  States  have  made  this  provision, 
both  for  business  and  comfort;  and  our  best  judgment  recommends  its  adoption  by 
Maryland. 

In  these  remarks  we  do  not  pretend  to  say  that  the  manufacturers,  farmers,  miners,  and 
citizens  of  Maryland  would  not  find  room  in  the  vast  halls  at  Philadelphia  for  what  they 
send  there,  even  though  the  State  gives  not  one  dollar  to  concentrate  the  collection  and 
supervise  it,  nor  is  it  denied  that  Marylanders,  under  any  circumstances,  may  find  the  great 
Exhibition  a  good  business  card,  affecting  their  future  sales,  or  otherwise  promoting  their 
interests ;  but  we  do  say  that  we  have  greatly  underrated  the  pride  of  our  people  if  they 
would  be  altogether  comfortable  in  owing  the  opportunity  of  advancing  their  fortunes  to 
Pennsylvania  outlay,  when  their  own  State  had,  while  willing  to  reap  the  benefit,  refused 
to  contribute  to  the  expense. 

Nor  are  we  prepared  to  say  that  even  less  than  the  sum  named  might  not  to  some  extent 
secure  a  respectable  representation  on  this  occasion ;  but,  even  as  we  write,  so  many  causes 
of  necessary  outlay,  not  enumerated  above,  occur  to  us,  that  we  would  rather  see  the  amount 
increased  than  reduced. 

With  the  sum  suggested,  we  believe  that  a  collection  can  be  concentrated  in  the  halls 
of  the  Centennial  of  which  every  Marylander  will  be  proud,  while  the  convenience  of  every 
Maryland  visitor  will  be  consulted  and  promoted. 

With  less  it  is  much  feared  that  the  Maryland  locality  might  probably  be  the  last  that 
Marylanders  might  desire  to  call  particular  attention  to. 

It  is  proper  to  add,  in  conclusion,  that  whatever  is  done  by  the  State  should  be  done 
quickly.  Even  now  the  collection  of  what  is  to  be  exhibited  should  be  in  progress. 

The  Exhibition  opens  on  the  loth  of  May,  and  the  intervening  time  is  none  too  long  for 
a  suitable  and  reputable  preparation.  Most  respectfully, 

JOHN   H.  B.  LATROBE,  Commissioner, 
SAMUEL   M.  SHOEMAKER,  Alternate, 

United  States  Centennial  Commissioners  for  the  State  of  Maryland. 
To  HON.  FRANK   P.  STEVENS,  Chairman. 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Staleaction-  ACT   OF   THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MARYLAND. 

Maryland. 

Approved  March  23,  1876. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  proper  representation  of  the  State  of  Maryland  at  the  celebration 
of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  independence. 

SECTION  I .  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  That  the  sum  of  fifteen 
thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
appropriated  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the  expenses  incident  to  the  representation  of  the 
manufactures,  the  products  of  the  soil  and  mines,  of  the  State,  and  its  progress,  at  the 
International  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  the  present  year. 

SEC.  2.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  sum  so  appropriated  shall  be  disbursed  by  and 
under  the  direction  of  John  H.  B.  Latrobe  and  Samuel  M.  Shoemaker,  or  their  successors, 
Commissioners  on  tne  Commission  authorized  and  constituted  under  and  by  virtue  of  an 
Act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  American  Independence,  and  that  said  Commissioners,  or  their  successors, 
are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  expend  the  said  sum  of  money,  or  so  much  thereof 
as  may  be  necessary,  for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  in  their  discretion,  and  the  Comptroller  is 
hereby  directed  to  draw  warrants  upon  the  Treasurer  for  such  sums  as  said  Commissioners 
may  require,  not  exceeding  the  amount  herein  appropriated,  and  the  Treasurer  be,  and  is 
hereby,  directed  to  pay  the  same. 

SEC.  3.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  this  Act  shall  take  effect  from  the  date  of  its  approval 
by  the  Governor. 


ADDRESS   BY   THE   GOVERNOR   OF   MARYLAND. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT,  ANNAPOLIS,  October  2,  1876. 
To  THE  PEOPLE  OF  MARYLAND: 

The  Executive  of  this  State  has  been  officially  notified  by  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commissioners  that  the  igth  of  October  will  be  especially  set  apart  "  for  the  delivery  of  the 
address  commemorative  of  Maryland's  share  in  the  Declaration  which,  one  hundred  years 
ago,  separated  the  thirteen  colonies,  now  the  United  States,  from  the  Government  of  Great 
Britain." 

In  view  of  the  prominent  and  patriotic  position  maintained  by  the  State  of  Maryland  in 
the  struggle  that  secured  our  freedom,  it  is  desirable  that  she  should  be  fitly  represented 
among  her  sister  States,  who  shared  the  trials  of  those  eventful  days,  and  therefore  a  cordial 
invitation  is  extended  to  all  who  take  an  interest  in  the  past  history  and  future  welfare  of 
this  Commonwealth,  to  be  present  at  the  ceremonies  which  will  designate  "  Maryland  Day" 
at  the  great  Centennial  Exhibition. 

The  States  have  vied  with  each  other  in  their  efforts  to  do  honor  to  the  wonderful 
creation  at  Philadelphia,  which  has  placed  the  wealth  and  resources  of  the  world  before  our 
eyes,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  town  and  city  authorities,  together  with  the  press  through- 
out the  State,  will  co-operate  in  making  the  occasion  well  worthy  of  the  memories  it  is 
intended  to  renew. 

JOHN  LEE  CARROLL,  Governor. 
JOHN   H.    B.    LATROBE, 
SAMUEL   H.   SHOEMAKER. 
Commissioners,  Baltimore  City,  Md. 


APPENDIX  D.  j^j 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   ADDRESS   OF  GOVERNOR   WILLIAM   GASTON. 

January  7,  1875. 

The  year  upon  which  we  are  now  entering  will  be  one  of  peculiar  interest  to  the  Amer- 
ican people,  and  especially  to  the  people  of  our  own  Commonwealth,  as  it  completes  the 
century  from  the  opening  scenes  of  the  waV  of  the  Revolution.  The  one  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  igth  of  April,  1775,  the  day  "  which  made  conciliation  impossible  and  inde- 
pendence certain"  in  the  conflict  between  Great  Britain  and  her  colonies,  will  be  celebrated 
by  the  people  of  Massachusetts  during  the  term  for  which  we  have  been  elected. 

On  the  seventeenth  day  of  June,  1775,  occurred  that  great  historic  event,  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill.  Its  one  hundredth  anniversary  will  be  celebrated  on  the  seventeenth  day  of 
June,  1875,  m  a  nianner  worthy  of  the  dignity  of  such  an  occasion. 

I  am  sure  that  you  will  unite  with  me  in  the  hope  and  the  endeavor  that  this  Centennial 
year  shall  be  made  the  occasion  for  quenching  party  animosities,  reviving  patriotic  senti- 
ments, and  devoting  ourselves  in  the  spirit  of  our  fathers  to  the  public  service. 

I  take  pleasure  in  communicating  to  you  an  invitation  from  the' inhabitants  of  the  town 
of  Concord  to  the  two  branches  of  the  General  Court,  to  be  present  as  the  guests  of  the 
town  on  the  igth  of  April  next  and  take  part  in  a  fitting  commemoration  of  the  events 
which  make  the  day  famous.  A  similar  invitation  from  Concord  was  accepted  by  your  pre- 
decessors twenty-five  years  ago,  and  I  commend  this  invitation  to  your  favorable  consider- 
ation. 

Nearly  a  century  has  elapsed  since  at  Philadelphia  "  the  representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  general  Congress  assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the 
World  for  the  rectitude  of  their  intentions,"  did,  "  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the 
good  people  of  the  colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  declare  that  the  United  Colonies  were 
and  of  right  ought  to  be  free  and  independent  States."  "  And  for  the  support  of  that 
declaration"  they  did,  "  with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Providence, 
mutually  pledge  to  each  other  their  lives,  their  fortunes,  and  their  sacred  honor." 

To  the  celebration  of  this  great  event,  which  will  occur  in  Philadelphia  in  the  year 
1876,  I  invite  the  attention  of  the  Legislature. 

As  we  are  passing  from  the  first  century  of  our  existence  as  free  and  independent  States, 
and  are  about  stepping  upon  the  threshold  of  the  second,  it  certainly  is  an  appropriate  time 
for  us  to  look  back  to  our  early  history,  and  seek  from  it,  as  we  well  may,  a  guide  for  the 
future. 

This  Centennial  anniversary  will  be  of  incalculable  benefit,  if  it  shall  recall  to  our  minds 
that  primitive  time,  when  high  office  was  held  as  a  great  and  sacred  trust,  and  when  official 
position  was  sought  for  the  opportunity  which  it  furnished  for  honest  and  faithful  public 
service,  and  not  as  a  means  of  personal  emolument  or  gain. 

This  celebration  will  be  one  in  which  all  parts  of  the  country  can  cordially  unite.  The 
memory  of  this  grand  event  can  awaken  no  emotions  except  those  of  pride,  either  in  the 
North  or  in  the  South,  in  the  East  or  in  the  West.  Its  celebration  belongs  to  the  whole 
country.  Here  all  can  stand  on  common  ground,  and  can,  as  heirs  of  a  common  glory, 
rejoice  together.  This  celebration  will  fail  in  one  of  the  purposes  which  ought  to  be  accom- 
plished by  it,  if  it  shall  not  tend  to  allay  sectional  hatred  and  sectional  strife,  and  to  give 
new  life  to  the  spirit  of  that  ancient  patriotism  which  had  no  boundary  lines  except  those 
of  the  whole  country.  If  it  shall  tend  to  any  large  extent  to  accomplish  such  results,  then 
the  fourth  day  of  July,  1876,  will  be  a  day  worthy  of  future  remembrance. 


Ij2  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Massachusetts 

Approved  May  19,  1875. 

Resolved,  That  the  Governor  and  Council  are  hereby  authorized  to  take  such  steps  and 
do  all  such  things  as  to  them  shall  seem  proper  for  securing  at  the  Exhibition  at  Philadel- 
phia a  due  representation  of  the  different  arts,  industries,  and  institutions  of  the  Common- 
wealth, and  to  expend  at  their  discretion  for  such  purpose  such  sums  as  may  be  required, 
not  exceeding  in  the  aggregate  fifty  thousand  dollars,  which  is  hereby  appropriated ;  and 
such  sum  or  sums  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury,  on  warrant  drawn  by  the 
Governor,  at  such  time  or  times  as  shall  to  him  seem  expedient,  not  exceeding  the  amount 
appropriated. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  ADDRESS  OF  GOVERNOR  ALEXANDER  H.  RICE. 

January  6,  1876. 

The  most  interesting  event  in  America  during  the  current  year  will  undoubtedly  be  the 
great  Exhibition  of  the  products  of  the  industry  of  all  nations,  at  Philadelphia.  In  nothing 
is  the  progress  of  the  world  so  measured  and  exemplified  as  in  the  development  of  the  arts, 
and  in  the  application  of  science  thereto.  And  perhaps  there  is  no  moving  tendency  more 
salutary  and  effective  than  the  commingling  of  different  nationalities  in  the  competition 
for  supremacy  in  those  material  results  which  inure  to  the  wealth,  the  comfort,  and  the 
happiness  of  mankind.  Such  exhibitions  as  that  in  contemplation  are  known  to  have  stimu- 
lated all  kinds  of  industry  in  European .  countries ;  and,  beside  the  benefit  to  be  derived 
by  our  capitalists  and  workmen,  it  is  worthy  of  a  great  and  progressive  nation  that  the 
Centennial  anniversary  of  its  birth  shall  be  commemorated  by  the  triumphs  of  peace,  rather 
than  by  the  loud  and  fiery  clangor  of  war. 

Modern  discoveries  applied  to  the  purposes  of  locomotion  and  electric  communication 
have  realized  to  us  the  common  brotherhood  of  men,  and  the  substantial  unity  of  all 
nations,  in  the  most  comprehensive  aspect  of  human  interest.  Mountains  and  oceans  are 
now  but  ridges  and  ferries  on  the  lines  of  communication,  and  the  once  measureless  conti- 
nent is  but  a  ribbon  of  earth,  over  which  the  message  flies  with  the  velocity  of  thought. 
Nature  has  sufficiently  diversified  industry  by  the  varied  gifts  of  soil,  climate,  and  mineral 
deposit,  to  make  their  culture,  fabrication,  and  exchange  the  profitable  employment  of  men. 
While  each  nationality  has  been  for  years,  perhaps  for  a  century,  pursuing  its  own  line  of 
discovery  and  application,  what  can  be  more  beneficial  and  more  instructive  than  that  all 
shall  come  together  at  last  for  an  interchange  of  thought,  as  well  as  of  merchandise ;  to 
rub  off  the  asperities  and  jealousies  which  distance  and  separation  engender,  and  to  culti- 
vate those  friendly  sentiments  and  that  mutual  esteem  which  may  precede  the  beating  of 
swords  into  plowshares  and  of  spears  into  pruning-hooks  ? 

The  response  to  the  call  of  our  national  Government  to  join  in  this  international  display 
has  been  so  general  that  we  may  expect  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  important  collections 
of  the  objects  of  utility  and  beauty  that  has  ever  been  gathered.  The  Legislature  of  last 
year  appropriated  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  "  securing  at  the 
Exhibition  at  Philadelphia  a  due  representation  of  the  different  arts,  industries,  and  institu- 
tions of  this  Commonwealth;"  and  in  pursuance  thereof  the  Governor  and  Council  ap- 
pointed three  Commissioners  or  agents  to  carry  out  the  objects  of  the  appropriation.  This 
sum,  perhaps,  exhibits  the  extent  to  which  the  Legislature  trusted  in  the  pride  and  patriot- 
ism of  the  people  of  the  Commonwealth  to  enter  by  voluntary  effort  and  contribution  into 
such  a  representation  as  should  be  worthy  of  their  attainments  and  of  their  renown.  The 
Commissioners  above  referred  to  have  been  assiduous  in  the  use  of  the  means  placed  at 
their  command ;  and  those  appointed  by  the  national  Government  have  also  made  encour- 


APPENDIX  D. 


173 


aging  progress  in  securing  the  co-operation  of  manufacturers,  mechanics,  and  inventors,  to  State  action, 
prepare  and  forward  specimens  of  their  skill  and  handicraft.  Massachusetts 

The  educational  institutions  of  the  State  are  preparing  a  thorough  exhibit  of  their  plan 
of  operations,  and  I  trust  that  the  facilities  for  training  the  young  for  the  service  of  life,  by 
means  of  primary,  high,  normal,  and  industrial  schools,  academies,  institutes,  and  colleges, 
will  be  completely  represented.  It  is  especially  desired  that  the  organization  of  Massa- 
chusetts as  a  State  should  be  accurately  reported  upon  at  this  time  in  her  history ;  and  I 
would  urge  upon  the  officers  having  charge  of  the  various  departments  of  her  civil  economy, 
to  prepare  the  most  thorough  and  elaborate  illustrations  of  what  the  State  has  done  and  is 
doyig,  and  the  theory  and  plans  upon  which  her  efforts  in  this  direction  have  been  based. 

I  need  hardly  remind  you,  Senators  and  Representatives,  that  above  and  beyond  the 
gathered  industries  of  all  nations  and  of  every  clime,  there  will  be  one  suggestive  and 
transcendent  contribution  to  this  grandest  of  Exhibitions, — one  element  which  surpasses 
the  inventor's  cunning  and  the  craftsman's  skill,  and  which  we  gladly  believe  will  survive 
when  all  the  material  monuments  of  human  greatness  have  crumbled  into  dust  or  moulded 
into  decay ;  it  is  the  life  of  this  Republic,  new-born  every  hour  in  the  affections  of  the 
American  people, — strengthened  and  defended  by  increasing  millions  scattered  over  the 
acres  of  our  vast  domain, — the  inspiration  of  our  patriotism ;  let  it  be  also  the  sustaining 
hope  of  freedom  and  progress  throughout  the  world. 


MICHIGAN.  Michigan. 

ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MICHIGAN. 

Approved  April  28,  1875. 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  paying  the  expenses  of  the  supervision  of  such  products  of  soil  and 

mine,  works  of  art,  and  manufactured  articles,  as  the  citizens  of  Michigan  may  send  to 

the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  Philadelphia,  State  of  Pennsylvania,  during  the 

year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

SECTION  I .  The  People  of  the  State  of  Michigan  enact,  That  the  Governor  is  hereby 
authorized  to  appoint  a  Board  of  Managers,  consisting  of  four  persons,  representing  the 
agricultural,  pomological,  mining,  and  manufacturing  interests  of  this  State,  whose  duty  it 
shall  be  to  supervise  the  forwarding  to  the  place  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  in  Philadel- 
phia, to  be  held  between  the  months  of  April  and  October  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred 
and  seventy-six,  all  such  articles,  whether  of  art,  or  the  products  of  soil  and  mine,  or  of 
manufactures,  that  any  of  the  citizens  of  Michigan  may  desire  to  send  to  such  Exhibition, 
and  shall  provide  storage  for  them  at  the  place  of  shipment,  and  make  such  arrangements 
for  freight  and  conveyance  as  shall  best  serve  the  interest  of  the  owners  of  said  articles. 
Provided,  that  the  cost  of  transportation  shall  be  paid  by  the  owners  of  said  articles. 

SEC.  2.  The  members  of  said  Board  of  Managers  shall  be  entitled,  for  their  services,  to  a 
sum  sufficient  to  defray  their  actual  and  necessary  disbursements  in  the  discharge  of  their 
duties,  and  for  personal  expenses  while  actually  engaged  in  the  performance  of  the  duties 
of  said  Board. 

SEC.  3.  That  the  sum  of  seven  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as 
may  be  necessary,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  appropriated  from  the  general  fund  for  the 
purpose  of  paying  the  expenses  of  said  Board  as  above  described. 

SEC.  4.  Upon  satisfactory  vouchers  of  expenses  incurred,  exhibited  by  the  Managers  to 
the  Governor,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Auditor-General,  upon  the  requisition  of  the 
Governor,  to  draw  his  warrant  on  the  State  Treasurer  for  such  sum  or  sums,  not  exceeding 
the  amount  hereby  appropriated,  as  may  be  necessary,  to  be  used  for  the  purpose  herein- 
before prescribed. 


State  action. 
Michigan. 


174 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


SEC.  5.  The  Governor  shall  be  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  shall  have 
power  to  remove  any  of  said  Managers,  for  good  and  sufficient  cause,  and  to  appoint  others 
in  their  place. 

SEC.  6.  This  Act  shall  take  immediate  effect. 

Approved  April  28,  1875. 


Minnesota.  MINNESOTA. 

EXTRACT   FROM    THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR    HORACE  AUSTIN. 

January,  1873. 

The  plan  proposed  for  a  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  our  national 
existence  by  an  International  Exhibition  of  industry  and  the  arts  is  receiving  the  increased 
attention  its  importance  deserves. 

Considering  that  the  happy  rescue  of  the  nation's  life  from  the  perils  of  internal  dissen- 
sion has  vindicated  the  character  of  popular  government  throughout  the  world,  as  well 
from  the  fears  of  its  friends  as  the  hopes  of  its  enemies,  and  that  the  present  age  is  embla- 
zoned rather  with  the  victories  of  peace  than  the  trophies  of  war,  it  would  seem  peculiarly 
fitting  that  the  rounded  century  of  the  nation's  happy  existence  should  be  crowned  with  a 
display  of  the  fruits  of  those  industries  and  arts  to  which  it  so  largely  owes  its  prosperity 
and  its  proud  position  among  the  nations  of  the  world. 


ACT  OF   THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MINNESOTA. 

Approved  March  9,  1875. 
A   BILL  to  secure  for  the  State  a  proper  representation  of  its  Resources,  Products,  and 

Manufactures  at  the  International  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  in  i8jd. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Minnesota  : 

SECTION  I.  The  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary, 
is  hereby  appropriated  out  of  the  State  treasury,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  State  Board 
of  Centennial  Managers  heretofore  appointed,  consisting  of  Pennock  Pusey,  Philip  S.  Harris, 
and  Paris  Gibson,  to  make  a  proper  display  of  the  mineral,  agricultural,  and  natural 
resources  of  our  State,  and  of  its  manufactures  and  products,  at  the  International  Exhibi- 
tion at  Philadelphia,  in  1876. 

SEC.  2.  Said  money  shall  be  expended  on  the  order  of  said  Commissioners,  in  such  way 
as  they  shall  deem  will  best  accomplish  the  object  expressed  in  the  first  section,  and  best 
conduce  to  the  advantage,  reputation,  and  interests  of  the  State  in  said  Exhibition ;  Pro- 
vided, that  no  part  of  said  amount  shall  be  used  as  pay  for  services  rendered  by  said  Board. 

SEC.  3.  Said  Board  shall  report  to  the  Governor,  prior  to  the  next  session  of  the  Legis- 
lature, their  action,  and  a  statement  of  the  means  used  by  them  to  accomplish  the  objects  of 
their  appointment. 

SEC.  4.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR    C.    K.   DAVIS. 

January  7,  1876. 

The  Legislature  at  its  last  session  appointed  a  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners,  and 
made  a  small  provisional  appropriation  to  enable  them  to  enter  upon  their  work.  It  appears 
from  their  report  that  they  have  taken  steps  to  collect  a  cabinet  of  ores,  minerals,  fossils, 


APPENDIX  D.  175 

soils,  and  building-stones  of   the  State,  and  specimens  of   our  forest    trees  and  plants.  State  action 
They  have  succeeded  by  personal  efforts  in  awakening  a  lively  interest  among  our  manu-  MinneM)la' 
facturers.     They  express  very  emphatically  their  conviction  that  the  occasion  is  one  which 
should  be  met  by  the  State  as  a  State,  and  they  recommend  an  appropriation  of  $32,000 
for  that  purpose.     They  recommend  us  to  follow  the  example  of  oth-jr  Western  States,  and 
to  erect  a  building  to  be  exclusively  used  for  the  exhibition  of  our  contributions. 

We  are  now  at  the  beginning  of  the  hundredth  year  of  our  National  Independence. 
For  one  century  the  idea  of  self-government  as  embodied  in  o»ir  Constitution  has  been  sub- 
jected to  all  the  tests  which  try  the  stability  of  nations,  and  it  has  withstood  them  all. 
Foreign  war,  territorial  aggrandizement,  the  canker  of  peace,  the  disintegrating  influence 
of  slavery,  civil  dissension  ending  in  civil  war,  have  by  turns  attacked  our  institutions  with 
all  their  powers  of  destruction,  only  to  leave  those  institutions  firmer  and  more  glorious 
than  before. 

At  Philadelphia,  in  1776,  it  was  pronounced  that  all  men  are  created  equal  and  that  all 
governments  derive  their  just  power  from  the  consent  of  the  governed,  and  it  is  now  pro- 
posed that  at  that  city  in  the  year  1876  the  nations  of  the  earth  shall  meet  in  commemora- 
tion of  that  event  and  vie  in  exposition  of  the  products  of  art  and  industry. 

This  occasion  is  one  which  appeals  for  recognition  to  every  patriotic  heart.  This  com- 
memorative act  is  to  be  performed  at  a  time  when  our  country  is  at  peace  with  all  nations; 
when  the  animosities  of  fraternal  strife  are  nearly  effaced  by  the  sweet  oblivion  of  restored 
love  for  our  country;  when  statesmen  from  every  State  are  laboring  together  to  make  the 
assurance  of  our  future  doubly  sure;  when  no  word  is  heard,  no  argument  spoken,  for  dis- 
memberment of  the  Union,  when  every  thought  is  for  its  perpetuity ;  when  the  influence 
of  education  has  suffused  the  very  being  of  every  citizen  of  the  Republic ;  when  art  and 
science,  keeping  pace  with  the  advance  of  our  country  in  prosperity,  exhibit  their  results  on 
every  hand,  not  only  in  the  luxurious  appliances  of  civilization,  but  also  in  the  satisfaction 
of  the  daily  wants  of  life. 

You  will  find  upon  inquiry  that  other  States  have  made  liberal  appropriations  with  which 
to  enable  them  to  take  their  part  in  this  historic  pageant  with  dignity  and  propriety ;  and  I 
trust  that  Minnesota  will  appear  among  her  sisterhood  in  such  guise  that  no  comparison  will 
put  her  to  shame. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   INAUGURAL  ADDRESS   OF   GOVERNOR  JOHN  S. 

PILLSBURY. 
January  7,  1876. 

It  is  difficult,  in  my  judgment,  to  exaggerate  the  importance  to  Minnesota  of  a  full 
presentation  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  to  commence  in  May  next,  of  her  varied  and 
ample  products.  Of  the  event  itself,  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  it  will  and  ought  to 
prove  to  Americans,  at  least,  the  most  significant  occurrence  of  the  century.  Other  nations 
have  had  Industrial  Exhibitions  evidencing  the  achievements  of  the  arts  and  sciences,  and 
attesting  the  progress  of  the  age.  Ours  will  commemorate  a  nation  created  and  a  nation 
saved.  It  will  exhibit  not  merely  the  progress  of  the  original  members  of  the  Union,  but 
the  matured  industries  of  new  States.  Jt  will  not  only  vindicate  the  character  of  popular 
institutions,  but  array  the  agencies  by  which  the  laboring  man  of  to-day  possesses  more 
comforts  than  did  the  monarchs  of  past  ages.  Except  for  the  use  of  steam,  the  most  potent 
agency  in  material  achievements,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the  entire  Northwest  would  yet  have 
remained  a  wilderness.  Is  it  not  fitting  that  Minnesota  should  pay  a  tribute  to  the  agency 
to  which  she  owes  her  existence,  and  add  to  the  display  of  a  nation  of  which  she  is  so 
prosperous  a  member?  She  should  esteem  it  a  privilege  to  bear  part  and  lot  in  such  an 
Exhibition. 

But  from  a  more  practical  view,  the  opportunity  afforded  to  encourage  immigration,  by 


176 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


State  action. 
Minnesota. 


an  exhibition  of  agricultural  and  industrial  products,  and  of  other  evidences  of  the  re- 
sources and  attractions  of  our  State,  will  be  so  extraordinary,  that  to  neglect  it  will  be,  in 
my  opinion,  a  grave  mistake.  Most  of  the  neighboring  States  which  compete  with  us  for 
immigration  are  erecting  separate  buildings  upon  the  Centennial  grounds  for  the  exclusive 
display  of  their  own  products.  Would  it  not  be  a  matter  of  policy  for  Minnesota  to  follow 
that  example  ?  As  it  is  an  event  not  likely  to  occur  again  within  the  lifetime  of  any  person 
now  in  existence,  so  it  is  not  likely  that  the  century  will  furnish  another  occasion  justifying 
so  clearly  an  adequate  expenditure  for  the  realization  of  its  highest  purpose.  The  matter 
is  commended  to  your  consideration  with  a  recommendation  for  such  prompt  and  just  action 
as  will  secure  the  end  desired. 


Mississippi.  MISSISSIPPI. 

ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MISSISSIPPI. 

Approved  April  6,  1874. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  efficient  adjustment  of  the  preliminaries  to  the  Centennial  Exhi- 
bition, and  to  create  a  State  Centennial  Board  of  Managers. 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Mississippi,  That  the  Governor 
shall  appoint  five  citizens  of  the  State  of  Mississippi  who  shall,  in  connection  with  the 
Commissioners  and  Alternate  Commissioners  of  this  State,  constitute  a  State  Centennial 
Board  of  Managers. 

SEC.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  State  Board  to  organize 
the  State  in  such  a  manner  as  to  secure  its  thorough  representation  in  the  Exhibition.  They 
will  have  the  care  and  interests  of  the  State  and  its  citizens  in  matters  relating  to  the  Exhi- 
bition, to  disseminate  information  about  it,  to  issue  invitations  to  participants,  to  receive  and 
pronounce  upon  applications  for  space,  to  appropriate  the  same  placed  at  its  disposal  among 
the  exhibitors  from  this  State,  and  to  supervise  such  details  relating  to  the  representations 
of  its  citizens  in  the  Exhibition  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  delegated  to  it  by  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission. 

SEC.  3.  Be  itfttrther  enacted,  That  after  the  election  of  one  of  its  members  as  Presi- 
dent, and  one  member  to  act  as  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  they  may  establish  an  office  for 
the  transaction  of  their  business  in  Jackson,  or  such  other  place  as  will  best  suit  their  con- 
venience. 

SEC.  4.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  this  Act  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after 
its  passage. 

[NOTE. — By  Act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  March  6,  1875,  being  the  Act  making 
appropriations  for  1875,  there  was  appropriated  "  For  State  Centennial  Board,  five  thousand 
dollars  ($5000.)"] 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  ADELBERT  AMES. 

January,  1876. 

At  the  last  session  of  the  Legislature  an  appropriation  of  five  thousand  dollars  ($50001 
was  made  for  the  use  of  the  Centennial  Board  in  preparing  for  a  proper  representation  of 
the  products  of  the  State  at  the  International  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia this  year. 

The  Act  of  the  Legislature  making  the  appropriation  provides  that  the  Board  shall  make 
reports  from  time  to  time  of  their  action  in  the  use  and  expenditure  of  the  same.  A  portion 
of  the  appropriation  was  applied  to  the  payment  of  Centennial  premiums  at  the  recent  State 


ATTEND IX  D. 

Fair.     Other  expenses  have  been  incurred ;  a  detailed  statement  of  which  will  be  furnished  State  action. 
in  the  report  of  the  officers  of  the  State  Board.  Mississippi. 

I  recommend  a  liberal  appropriation,  that  there  may  be  a  creditable  exhibition  of  the 
products  and  interests  of  the  State. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MISSISSIPPI. 

Became  a  law  by  limitation,  March  13,  1876. 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  the  efficient  adjustment  of  the  pre- 
liminaries to  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  and  to  create  a  Centennial  Board  of  Manag.rsJ* 
approved  April  6,  1874. 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Mississippi,  That  an  Act  en- 
titled "An  Act  to  provide  for  the  efficient  adjustment  of  the  preliminaries  to  the  Centennial 
Exhibition,  and  to  create  a  Centennial  Board  of  Managers,"  approved  April  6,  1874,  be 
and  the  same  is  hereby  amended  as  follows  :  Strike  out  the  word  "  Governor"  in  the  second 
and  third  lines  of  Section  I,  and  insert  in  lieu  thereof  the  words,  "the  President/^ tern. 
of  the  Senate,"  and  after  the  word  "  appoint,"  in  the  third  line,  insert  the  following  words: 
"  four,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House." 

SEC.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  all  appointments  heretofore  made  under  the  provisions 
of  the  above-recited  Act  be  and  they  are  hereby  declared  null  and  void ;  Provided,  That 
nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  invalidate  any  action  of  said  Board  hereto- 
fore had  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  said  Act. 

SEC.  3.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  all  Acts  and  parts  of  Acts  in  conflict  with  this  Act  be 
and  the  same  are  hereby  repealed,  and  that  this  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from 
and  after  its  passage. 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MISSISSIPPI. 

Approved  April  14,  1876. 

A  JOINT  RESOLUTION  in  relation  to  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners, 
WJiereas,  The  number  of  Centennial  Commissioners  may  be  increased  without  addi- 
tional expense ;  therefore, 

Be  it  Resolved  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Mississippi,  That  the  Governor  be  au- 
thorized to  appoint  six  additional  persons  as  members  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial 
Commissioners  immediately  after  the  passage  of  this  Act. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  J.  M.  STONE. 

January,  1877. 

Agreeably  to  an  Act  passed  at  your  last  session,  the  Centennial  Board  of  Managers  for 
this  State  was  re-organized.  Fifteen  gentlemen,  representing  various  industrial  pursuits 
and  residing  in  different  portions  of  the  State,  were  commissioned.  The  former  Board  had 
already  contracted  for  the  erection  of  a  building  at  Fairmount  Park,  intended  as  a  head- 
quarters for  visitors  from  Mississippi.  The  new  Board  ratified  the  contract,  and  the  build- 
ing was  ready  at  the  opening  of  the  Exhibition  on  the  loth  of  May.  This  building  was 
erected  by  the  "  Mississippi  Valley  Industrial  Company"  of  McComb  City,  and  the  lumber 
used  in  its  construction  represented  sixty-eight  varieties  of  timber  grown  in  Pike  and  Lin- 
coln Counties.  I  am  informed  by  the  Managers  and  many  visitors  that  it  was  one  of  the 
most  attractive  State  buildings  in  the  Park. 

The  limited  time  and  the  limited  appropriation  at  the  disposal  of  the  new  Board  pre- 
12 


State  action. 
Mississippi. 


178 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 


vented  a  full  exhibit  ot  our  State  products  and  industries  at  the  Exhibition :  still,  a  credit- 
able display  was  entered,  and  first  honors  were  awarded  the  Mississippi  Mills  at  Wasson,  and 
the  Whitfield  Manufacturing  Company  at  Corinth,  for  several  classes  of  fabrics  exhibited  by 
those  establishments. 

The  Board  of  Managers  will  submit  to  you  a  detailed  statement  of  expenditures  per- 
taining to  the  Exhibition,  and  their  report  will  show  that  although  the  appropriation  was 
limited  to  five  thousand  dollars,  a  considerable  portion  was  unexpended  and  has  been 
returned  to  the  State  Treasury. 


Missouri.  MISSOURI. 

MESSAGE  OF   GOVERNOR   SILAS   WOODSON. 

January  7,  1874. 

In  November  last  I  received  a  communication  from  the  Hon.  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director- 
General  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  which  I  beg  to  lay  before  you,  and 
ask  you  to  take  such  steps  in  reference  to  the  suggestions  found  in  it  as  you  in  your  wisdom 
may  think  best.  The  International  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  will  perhaps  equal, 
if  it  does  not  excel,  anything  of  the  kind  that  has  preceded  it  in  the  annals  of  history.  Not 
only  will  the  States  of  the  American  Union  strive  to  excel  each  other  in  the  displays  of  their 
productions,  skill,  and  genius,  but  our  people  as  a  people,  for  the  first  time  under  favorable 
auspices,  will  be  brought  into  competition  with  the  nationalities  of  the  civilized  world.  An 
epitome  of  America  will  be  presented  at  the  Exhibition.  In  a  word,  our  people,  resources, 
productions,  power,  skill,  genius,  and  capabilities  are  to  be  exhibited  to  the  gaze  of  man- 
kind. What  our  country  really  is,  will  for  the  first  time  be  witnessed,  known,  and  appre- 
ciated by  the  nations  of  the  earth.  From  what  is  seen  of  us,  and  as  exhibited  at  Philadel- 
phia in  1876,  we  are  to  be  known  and  judged  from  the  centre  to  the  extreme  verge  of 
civilization.  I  confess  that  I  not  only  feel  great  interest  in  seeing  the  nation  acquit  itself 
with  honor  upon  the  occasion,  but  I  am  still  more  anxious  to  see  Missouri  occupying  the 
front  rank  when  brought  into  competition  with  her  sister  States.  Missouri,  if  she  wills  it, 
can  make  a  finer  display,  and  win  greater  distinction  in  many  respects,  than  any  other  State. 
Her  mineral  resources  are  more  varied  and  richer  than  those  of  any  other.  The  skill  and 
genius  of  her  artists  are  unsurpassed,  whilst  her  agricultural  products  will  scarcely  be  rivaled. 
It  is  for  you  to  say  what  steps  shall  be  taken  to  have  our  beloved  State  fairly  represented 
upon  the  grand  occasion  to  which  your  attention  has  been  called.  Herewith  I  send  you 
the  report  of  the  Commissioner  and  Alternate  of  Missouri  upon  the  subject. 


Montana, 


MONTANA. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   B.  F.  POTTS. 

January,  1873. 

The  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independence  will  be 
held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876.  A  great  International  Exhibition  of  the 
products  of  the  mines,  soil,  manufactures,  and  the  arts  will  be  a  prominent  feature  of  the 
celebration.  The  President  of  the  United  States  has  appointed  a  Commissioner  and  an 
Alternate  to  represent  this  Territory  at  the  Exhibition.  I  recommend  that  you  provide  a 
sufficient  appropriation  to  enable  our  citizens  to  place  on  exhibition  such  products  of  the 
Territory  as  will  properly  represent  the  great  riches  of  our  mines  and  soil. 


APPENDIX  D. 

SPECIAL   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   B.  F.  POTTS.  State  action 

Montana. 

January,  1874. 

To  THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY: 

I  have  the  honor  to  submit  for  your  information  a  letter  from  the  Hon.  Daniel  J.  Mor- 
rill,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission,  together 
with  information  for  exhibitors,  and  a  proclamation  of  the  President  of  the  United  States 
announcing  the  time  and  place  of  holding  the  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufac- 
tures, and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  year  1876. 

I  commend  this  subject  to  your  most  favorable  consideration,  and  trust  you  will  not  hesi- 
tate to  provide  by  appropriate  legislation  for  giving  the  products  of  Montana  a  prominent 
place  at  said  Exhibition. 

I  suggest  the  appointment  of  a  Board  composed  of  some  of  the  most  influential  citizens 
of  the  Territory,  to  aid  in  the  collection  of  the  products  of  the  Territory,  to  be  forwarded  as 
early  as  the  autumn  of  1875  to  Philadelphia. 

Respectfully, 

B.  F.  POTTS,  Governor. 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   B.   F.   POTTS. 

January  5,  1874. 
To  THE  LEGISLATIVE  ASSEMBLY: 

I  desire  to  again  call  your  attention  to  the  importance  of  making  an  appropriation  to 
defray  the  expenses  of  placing  Montana  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  other  Territories  at 
the  Centennial  Celebration  in  1876. 

The  question  is  with  you  whether  Montana  shall  be  known  in  the  Celebration.  If  the 
resources  of  Montana  are  properly  represented,  it  will  do  more  to  make  her  wealth  known 
to  the  world,  and  attract  capital  and  immigrants,  than  anything  else  that  is  in  the  power  of 
the  Legislature  to  do.  I  respectfully  request  that  you  take  favorable  action  on  the  subject. 


CONCURRENT   RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   MONTANA. 

Approved  February  13,  1874. 

Resolved,  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  the  Council  concurring,  That  the  sum  of  five 
thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
appropriated  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  Territorial  treasury,  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to 
defray  the  expense  of  packing  and  transporting  such  articles  as  in  the  judgment  of  the 
persons  hereafter  named  are  appropriate  and  worthy  to  be  exhibited  at  the  International 
Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  1876,  and  to  defray  the  expenses  of 
arranging  such  department  as  may  be  assigned  to  the  Territory  of  Montana  at  said  Exhi- 
bition by  the  managers  thereof,  and  that  the  Territorial  Auditor  be,  and  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  draw  his  warrants  on  the  Territorial  Treasurer  in  favor  of  William  H.  Claggett, 
Patrick  A.  Largey,  and  Emma  Bowen,  or  any  one  of  them,  upon  the  order  of  two  of 
them,  at  such  time  or  times  as  they  may  request,  and  in  such  sum  or  sums  as  they  may 
desire,  so  that  in  the  aggregate  the  foregoing  sum  is  not  exceeded,  and  the  parties  aforesaid 
occupying  relations  of  trust  in  various  capacities  to  said  Exhibition  and  the  connection  of 
this  Territory  therewith,  this  resolution  shall  be  interpreted  and  held  to  insure  to  the  suc- 
cessors of  the  parties  aforesaid,  in  said  trust,  or  any  of  them,  for  the  uses  and  purposes 
aforesaid. 


l8o  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  NEBRASKA. 

Nebraska. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   INAUGURAL  ADDRESS   OF  GOVERNOR 
R.   W.   FURNAS. 

January  10,  1873. 

Congress  has  provided  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American 
Independence,  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products 
of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  1876.  Each  State  and  Terri- 
tory of  the  Union  will  be  expected  to  send  its  peculiar  products,  illustrating  its  resources, 
both  developed  and  undeveloped,  thus  affording  an  opportunity  of  comparing  their  industrial 
condition  and  capabilities.  The  President  of  the  United  States  has  appointed  two  Com- 
missioners for  each  State.  It  will  be  incumbent  upon  the  respective  States  themselves  to 
provide  means  by  which  they  will  be  properly  represented.  The  undertaking  commends 
itself  to  the  support  and  sympathy  of  the  American  people,  and  I  trust  our  State  will  be 
fully  represented.  To  this  end  some  suitable  legislation  would  be  appropriate. 


Nevada  NEVADA. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   L.  R.  BRADLEY. 

January  8,  1873. 

A  law  of  Congress,  approved  June  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two,  authorizes 
the  organization  of  a  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  composed  of  members  from  the  differ- 
ent States  and  Territories,  apportioned  according  to  their  representation  in  Congress.  Their 
duties  are  to  raise  by  subscriptions  to  stock  authorized  by  that  law  the  sum  of  ten  mil- 
lion dollars,  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  into  effect  a  law  approved  March  third,  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy-one,  creating  a  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners,  whose  duties  are 
to  make  all  needful  preparations  for  the  celebration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of 
American  Independence,  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures, 
and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

The  quota  of  stock  allotted  to  Nevada  is  eleven  thousand  and  twenty  dollars,  which  I 
earnestly  hope  may  be  subscribed  by  our  citizens.  This  is  not  intended  as  a  donation,  but 
as  a  subscription  to  the  stock  above  referred  to.  It  is  probable  that  the  money  subscribed 
will  be  fully  reimbursed,  and  a  fair  rate  of  interest  returned  with  the  principal. 

It  is  sincerely  to  be  wished  that,  whatever  other  States  may  do,  the  young  State  of 
Nevada  may  fully  respond  to  the  call  made  upon  the  patriotism  of  her  citizens. 

I  have  nominated  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  for  appointment  as  Commis- 
sioner and  Alternate  Commissioner  to  represent  Nevada,  Hon.  William  W.  McCoy,  of 
Lander  County,  and  Hon.  James  W.  Haincs,  of  Douglas.  Commissions  to  these  gentle- 
men have  been  issued  by  the  Department  of  State. 

The  law  creating  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  names  for  this  State  F.  A.  Tritle,  of 
Storey,  J.  W.  Haines,  of  Douglas,  C.  H.  Eastman,  of  Washo,  and  B.  H.  Meder,  of  Ormsby. 
For  Nevada,  as  Congressional  District,  Frank  Tilford,  of  White  Pine,  and  S.  H.  Wright, 
of  Ormsby.  To  the  above-named  gentlemen  is  assigned  the  raising  of  Nevada's  quota. 

This  occasion  will  call  together  upon  the  day  of  our  Centennial  jubilee  a  greater  number 
of  persons  than  have  ever  assembled  on  this  planet  at  any  time  in  its  known  history. 


APPENDIX  D.  X8l 

ACT  OF   THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   NEVADA.  State  actum. 

Approved  March  5,  1875. 
The  people  of  the  State  of  Nevada,  represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  do  enact  as  follows  : 

SECTION  I.  The  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  in  United  States  gold  coin,  out  of  any 
money  in  the  general  fund  of  the  State  treasury,  or  which  may  hereafter  be  therein,  is 
hereby  taken  out  of  said  general  fund  and  made  into  one  to  be  known  as  the  Centennial 
fund,  and  said  fund  shall  be  drawn  upon  for  purposes  in  this  Act  specified,  and  none 
other.  Expenditures  of  money  from  said  fund  shall  be  under  the  direction  and  control  of 
the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners  of  this  State,  and  shall  be  made  for  the 
securing,  labeling,  classifying,  packing,  and  transportation  of  appropriate  mineralogical 
specimens  from  this  State  for  exhibition  in  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  at  Philadelphia,  in 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

SEC.  2.  Said  fund  hereby  created  may  be  drawn  upon  by  said  State  Board  of  Centen- 
nial Commissioners  in  advance  of  actual  expenditure  when  made  to  appear  to  be  necessary, 
upon  application  to  and  approval  by  the  State  Board  of  Examiners  of  this  State,  properly 
certified  by  said  Board  of  Examiners  to  the  State  Controller,  who  shall  thereupon  draw  his 
warrant  for  the  amount  on  the  State  Treasurer,  payable  out  of  the  Centennial  fund  in  favor 
of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners,  and  the  Treasurer  shall  pay  the  same  ; 
Provided,  that  the  State  Board  of  Examiners  shall,  before  certifying  any  such  application, 
require  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners  a  good  and  sufficient  bond,  to  be 
approved  by  the  State  Board  of  Examiners,  for  the  faithful  expenditure  and  accounting  for, 
or  the  return  to  the  State  treasury  of  this  State  of  all  money  so  advanced  therefrom. 

SEC.  3.  All  claims  against  this  State  for  expenditures  of  moneys  under  the  provision., 
of  this  Act  shall  be  certified  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  said  Board  of  Centennial 
Commissioners  to  the  State  Board  of  Examiners ;  and  the  latter  Board,  if  it  approve,  shall 
certify  said  claim  or  claims  to  the  Controller  of  State. 

SEC.  4.  When  any  advance  is  made,  as  in  this  Act  provided  for,  the  Controller  of  State 
shall  charge  the  amount  thereof  to  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners  aforesaid. 

SEC.  5.  When  any  claim  against  the  State  shall  be  presented,  under  the  provisions  of 
this  Act,  to  the  State  Board  of  Examiners,  it  shall  be  specified  thereon  whether  or  not  the 
same  has  been  paid  out  of  a  previous  advance  of  money  made  by  the  State,  pursuant  to  this 
Act ;  and  if  it  be  a  claim  so  paid,  the  Controller  of  State  shall  credit  it  against  the  previous 
charge  or  charges  made,  as  provided  in  section  four  of  this  Act;  and  if  it  be  a  claim  not  so 
paid,  he  shall  draw  his  warrant  for  the  amount  thereof,  in  favor  of  the  claimant,  on  the 
State  Treasurer,  payable  out  of  the  Centennial  Fund,  and  the  Treasurer  shall  pay  the  same- 

SEC.  6.  The  State  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners  may  apply  moneys  appropriated 
by  this  Act  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  and  having  at  said  Centennial  Exhibition  a  quartz- 
mill,  to  be  operated  at  least  one  day  in  each  week  during  said  Centennial  Exhibition,  in  the 
reduction  of  such  ores  as  may  be  furnished  by  citizens  of  this  State  for  that  purpose. 

SEC.  7.  Such  mineralogical  specimens  as  shall  be  exhibited  from  this  State,  pursuant  to 
this  Act,  shall  be  donated  by  said  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners,  on  behalf  of  this 
State,  to  the  National  Cabinet,  at  Philadelphia,  at  the  close  of  said  Centennial  Exhibition. 

SEC.  8.  Said  Board  of  Centennial  Commissioners  shall  make  a  full  and  detailed  report 
and  statement  of  their  proceedings  and  expenditures,  pursuant  to  this  Act,  to  the  Governor 
of  this  State,  who  shall  transmit  the  same  to  the  Legislature  at  the  next  regular  session 
thereof. 

SEC.  9.  Any  part  of  the  Centennial  Fund  created  by  this  Act  not  expended  as  herein 
provided,  shall  revert  to  the  General  Fund  of  the  State. 

SEC.  10.  No  officer  of  this  State  shall  receive  from  the  State  any  compensation  for  any 
service  rendered  or  labor  performed  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 


State  action 

New 

Hampshire. 


182 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 
NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 


JOINT   RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 

Approved  July  14,  1871. 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  General  Court  convened :  That 
the  Governor,  with  four  other  persons,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with  the 
consent  of  the  Council,  shall  be  a  Committee  for  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  to  co-oper- 
ate with  Committees  from  other  States  upon  the  subject  of  the  Centennial  Celebration  at 
Philadelphia,  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six,  said  Committee  to 
stand  until  that  time,  and  to  report  at  each  intervening  Legislature,  and  make  such  sugges- 
tions and  recommendations  from  time  to  time  to  the  Legislature  as  they  may  think  proper. 


JOINT   RESOLUTION   OF   THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 

Approved  July  3,  1875. 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  General  Court  convened:  That 
the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  be  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury,  to  be 
expended  by  his  Excellency  the  Governor  and  the  -Honorable  Council  at  such  times  as  they 
may  think  proper  in  the  purchase  of  the  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  incor- 
porated by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 


JOINT   RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 

Approved  July  3,  1875. 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  General  Court  convened :  That 
to  enable  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  to  participate  in  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Phila- 
delphia, in  1876,  in  a  manner  becoming  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States,  and  to  make 
the  necessary  arrangements  therefor,  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  to  be  expended 
under  the  direction  of  the  Centennial  Committee  of  New  Hampshire,  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereby,  appropriated  for  that  purpose ;  and  the  Governor  is  hereby  authorized  to  draw  his 
warrant  therefor. 


JOINT   RESOLUTION   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 

Approved  July  20,  1876. 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  General  Court  convened :  That 
his  Excellency  the  Governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Council,  be,  and  hereby  is, 
authorized  to  approve  and  pay  such  bills  as  in  their  judgment  are  judicious  and  reasonable 
for  promoting  the  best  interest  of  the  State  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  not  to  exceed 
fifteen  hundred  dollars ;  and  the  same  is  hereby  appropriated  from  any  money  not  other- 
wise appropriated  in  the  treasury. 


New  Jersey.  NEW    JERSEY. 

EXTRACT  FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR  JOEL   PARKER. 

January  13,  1874. 

In  1871  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  passed  an  Act  providing  for  the  celebration 
of  the  one   hundredth  anniversary  of  American    Independence.      It  was  determined    to 


APPENDIX  D. 


183 


celebrate  the  event  in  the  city  where  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  signed,  by  an  State  action. 
International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  the  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine.  New  Jerscy- 
Soon  after  the  passage  of  the  Act  above  referred  to,  a  corporate  body  called  the  "  United 
States  Centennial  Commission,"  consisting  of  representatives  from  each  State  and  Territory, 
was  organized,  charged  with  the  duty  of  maturing  a  plan,  and  selecting  a  site  for  the  Exhi- 
bition. 

In  1872  the  "  Centennial  Board  of  Finance"  was  incorporated.  The  members  of  that 
body  in  the  various  States  and  Territories  were  to  procure  subscriptions  to  capital  stock, 
amounting  in  all  to  ten  millions  of  dollars,  with  which  it  was  designed  to  erect  buildings 
and  conduct  the  Exhibition  on  a  scale  of  magnificence  and  grandeur  becoming  a  great  nation, 
and  the  importance  of  the  event  to  be  commemorated.  The  New  Jersey  Corporators  held 
several  meetings,  appointed  agents  to  procure  subscriptions,  and  issued  an  address  to  the 
people  explaining  the  object,  and  urging  subscriptions  to  the  stock  allotted  as  the  just  pro- 
portion of  this  Commonwealth.  I  regret  to  be  obliged  to  state  that  the  response  anticipated 
has  not  been  made  to  that  appeal. 

In  the  mean  time  Congress  enacted  that  whenever  the  President  of  the  United  States 
should  be  informed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  that  provision  had  been 
made  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings,  and  for  the  exclusive  control  of  the  Exhibition 
by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  he  should  make  proclamation  of  the  same, 
setting  forth  the  time  and  place  when  and  where  the  Exhibition  would  open,  and  that  he 
should  communicate  to  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  all  nations  copies  of  his  proclama- 
tion, with  such  regulations  as  might  be  adopted  by  the  Commissioners,  for  publication  in 
their  respective  countries.  On  the  24th  day  of  June  last  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 
upon  certificate  on  behalf  of  the  Centennial  Commission  and  the  Finance  Committee  to  the 
effect  that  such  provision  had  been  made,  so  informed  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  on  the  third  day  of  July  the  President  officially  proclaimed  that  the  Exhibition  would 
be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  to  be  opened  on  the  igth  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  closed  on  the  ipth  day  of  October  of  the  same  year, 
and  in  behalf  of  this  Government  and  people  commended  the  Celebration  and  Exhibition 
to  all  nations. 

From  the  above  brief  recital  of  the  initial  steps  that  have  been  taken,  it  will  be  ob- 
served that  the  Government  and  people  of  the  United  States  are  committed  to  the  success 
of  the  Exhibition.  Should  it  fail,  the  country  would  be  disgraced  in  the  eyes  of  the  civil- 
ized world,  and  every  American  citizen  would  feel  humiliated.  It  is  time  that  the  people 
should  be  made  to  understand  and  realize  that  the  success  or  failure  of  the  Centennial 
Exhibition  depends  upon  present  action.  The  arrangements  for  so  grand  an  enterprise  on 
so  extensive  a  scale  cannot  be  made  in  a  day,  a  month,  or  a  year.  It  is  not  wise  for  us  to 
shut  our  eyes  to  the  fact  that  the  plan  inaugurated  by  Congress  to  raise  the  necessary  funds 
has  not  succeeded  as  was  hoped,  and  that  something  must  speedily  be  done  to  insure  that 
result.  It  is  true  that  the  people  of  Pennsylvania,  especially  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
have  responded  nobly  with  material  aid.  It  was  through  the  liberality  of  the  authorities 
and  citizens  of  Philadelphia  that  the  President  of  the  United  States  was  able  to  announce 
that  the  Exhibition  would  be  held,  but  that  announcement  was  based  upon  the  expectation 
that  the  people  of  other  sections  of  the  country  would  add  to  their  generous  contributions. 
Only  a  sufficient  sum  was  subscribed  to  justify  the  commencement  of  the  great  work,  and 
it  was  not  supposed  that  it  would  be  left  to  one  city  or  one  State  to  complete  it. 

I  am  satisfied  that  the  failure  of  the  people  of  New  Jersey  thus  far  to  take  an  active 
part  in  promoting  the  success  of  the  Exhibition  has  resulted  in  a  great  degree  from  an 
impression  that  the  time  for  action  had  not  come.  Surely  Jerseymen  cannot  be  indifferent 
to  the  object.  No  State  in  the  Union  sacrificed  more  to  maintain  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence than  New  Jersey,  and  none  has  derived  greater  benefits  from  the  institutions 
founded  upon  that  instrument.  She  gave  to  the  cause  of  liberty  her  blood,  her  wisdom, 
and  her  treasure.  She  was  the  highway  of  contending  armies  throughout  the  Revolutionary 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,  war.  There  is  scarcely  an  acre  of  soil  within  her  borders  that  was  npt  trod  by  the  foot  of 
New  Jersey,  fae  invader.  There  was  scarcely  a  family  that  did  not  mourn  its  heroic  dead,  who  fell  that 
the  Declaration  might  remain  a  living  power  for  the  diffusion  of  free  principles  throughout 
the  world  in  all  coming  time.  The  descendants  of  Revolutionary  sires  certainly  do  not 
need  urging  in  such  a  cause.  As  soon  as  they  realize  the  magnitude  of  the  undertaking, 
and  that  what  is  to  be  done  must  be  done  quickly,  they  will  contribute  their  full  share 
toward  its  accomplishment. 

It  will,  however,  take  time  to  obtain  subscriptions  and  collect  funds  from  the  people, 
and  it  is  evident  that  the  plan  devised  by  Congress,  already  so  long  delayed  in  execution, 
will  not  alone  produce  the  required  amount  soon  enough  to  answer  the  purposes  of  the 
Centennial  Commission.  To  secure  such  an  exhibition  as  the  occasion  demands  the  General 
Government  must  at  once  appropriate  a  sum  of  money  sufficiently  large  to  enable  the  Com- 
missioners to  proceed  promptly  and  actively  to  carry  forward  their  plans  for  the  construction 
of  the  necessary  buildings,  trusting  to  the  States  and  to  the  people  to  supplement  the  amount 
until  the  requisite  sum  be  obtained.  Congress  inaugurated  the  movement  under  national 
auspices,  and  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  announced  to  all  nations  that  the  Ex- 
hibition will  be  held;  the  people  desire  that  it  shall  be  held,  and  they  expect  Congress  to 
make  such  provision  as  will  not  only  insure  it  against  possibility  of  failure,  but  render  it  at 
least  equal  to  any  international  exhibition  that  has  been  held  in  any  part  of  the  world.  To 
that  end  I  recommend  the  passage  of  resolutions  requesting  the  Senators  and  Representatives 
in  Congress  from  this  State  to  favor  and  vote  for  such  appropriation. 

I  also  recommend  the  passage  of  an  Act  giving  authority  for  the  appointment  of  five 
"  State  Centennial  Managers,"  who,  with  the  United  States  Commissioner  for  this  State 
and  the  Alternate  Commissioner,  shall  constitute  a  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  to 
provide  for  the  arrangement  of  preliminaries,  give  information  to  the  people  so  as  to  secure 
a  thorough  representation  of  the  State  in  the  Exhibition,  apportion  space  among  exhibitors, 
arid  supervise  generally  the  New  Jersey  department.  An  appropriation  should  be  made 
to  cover  the  incidental  expenses  of  such  Board  of  Managers.  The  State  Geologist  should 
also  be  authorized  and  instructed  to  collect  and  arrange  the  minerals  of  the  State  for  exhi- 
bition. Resolutions  should  be  passed  commending  the  object  to  the  people,  requesting 
them  to  subscribe  for  stock,  and  recommending  the  holding  of  meetings  in  every  part  of 
the  State  to  insure  a  full  exposition  of  our  varied  manufactures  and  products. 

The  way  proposed  is  the  proper  one  to  celebrate  the  Centennial  year  of  American 
Independence.  Mere  military  parades  and  illuminations  would  not  be  sufficient.  The  true 
method  is  to  hold  a  grand  international  exhibition,  and  give  to  all  the  nations  of  the 
earth  ocular  demonstration  of  what  a  hundred  years  of  republican  government  has  here 
done  to  develop  art,  science,  and  skilled  labor. 

It  is  also  proper  that  the  great  celebration  should  commence  on  the  anniversary  of  the 
first  battle  of  the  Revolution,  of  Lexington,  and  close  on  the  anniversary  of  the  final  victory 
at  Yorktown. 

It  is  most  fitting  that  the  nation  should  hold  its  Centennial  in  the  city  of  its  birth,  where 
the  great  chart  of  freedom  was  prepared,  signed,  and  promulgated.  There  the  representa- 
tives of  every  State  and  Territory  will  meet  around  the  altar  at  which  their  forefathers 
met,  renew  their  allegiance,  and  in  the  presence  of  all  nations  rejoice  that  they  still  have  a 
united  country. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

Approved  March  5,  1874. 

AN  ACT  relating  to  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  American  Independence. 
Whereas,  It  is  proposed  by  the  people  and  Government  of  the  United  States  that  the 
Centennial  Anniversary  of  American  Independence  shall  be  celebrated  by  a  great  Inter- 


APPENDIX  D. 


I85 


national  Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  Philadelphia,  with  the  view  of  exhibiting  to  the  world  the  c;tate  action, 
progress  made  by  the  Republic  in  one  hundred  years ;  And  whereas,  by  an  Act  of  Con-  New  Jersey. 
gress  approved  June  first,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-two,  a  Centennial  Board 
of  Finance  was  created  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  the  funds  necessary  to  erect  buildings 
and  meet  the  expenses  of  the  Exhibition ;  And  whereas,  the  said  proposed  Exhibition  being 
entirely  national  in  its  character,  and  for  the  equal  benefit  of  the  whole  Union,  and  intended 
to  celebrate  and  commemorate  that  great,  memorable,  and  decisive  event,  the  declaration 
of  our  independence  as  a  nation,  it  is  but  right  and  proper  that  it  should  be  celebrated  in 
a  manner  commensurate  with  our  character  and  greatness  as  a  people  and  a  nation,  and 
that  all  the  means  necessary  to  properly  inaugurate  it  should  be  promptly  provided ;  there- 
fore, admitting  these  facts,  and  recognizing  the  obligation  and  duty  that  rests  upon  this 
State  to  do  its  part  in  providing  the  means  necessary  to  enable  the  Centennial  Board  of 
Finance  to  proceed  with  the  work, 

1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  That 
the  Governor,  Comptroller,  and  Treasurer  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  authorized  and  directed 
in  behalf  of,  and  in  the  name  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  to  subscribe  for  ten  thousand 
shares  of  the  Centennial  stock,  at  the  par  value  of  ten  dollars  each,  which  stock,  as  soon 
as  issued  by  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  shall  become  the  property  of  the  State,  and 
be  held  by  the  Treasurer  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  State. 

2.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  Treasurer  of  the  State  is  hereby  directed  to  pay  out  of 
any  funds  in  the  treasury  the  installments  upon  such  stock  so  subscribed,  as  the  same  may 
become  due  and  payable, — that  is  to  say,  twenty  per  cent,  thereof  on  the  1st  day  of  April 
next,  and  twenty  per  cent,  thereof  every  three  months  thereafter,  until  the  whole  of  the  said 
stock  so  subscribed  for  shall  be  fully  paid ;  Provided,  that  no  part  of  the  money  appropriated 
by  this  Act  shall  be  paid  until  sufficient  money  shall  be  subscribed  or  appropriated  either  by 
the  national  Government,  the  States,  by  corporations  or  individuals,  or  by  all  combined,  to 
make  the  proposed  Exhibition,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Governor,  Comptroller,  and  Treasurer, 
a  success  as  a  national  Exhibition.     And  provided  further,  that  if  in  the  judgment  of  the 
Governor,  Comptroller,  and  Treasurer  the  success  of  the  Exhibition  shall  not  be  assured 
before  the  1st  day  of  April  of  the  present  year,  that  then  in  that  event  the  first  installment 
of  twenty  per  cent,  on  the  said  stock  shall  be  paid  on  the  first  day  of  the  next  month  after 
such  assurance  shall  be  attained,  and  the  remaining  installments  thereof  every  three  months 
thereafter  until  the  whole  shall  be  paid. 

Approved  March  5,  1874. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   INAUGURAL  ADDRESS  OF  GOVERNOR  JOSEPH 

D.  BEDLE. 

January  19,  1875. 

The  people  ought  not  to  overlook  the  importance  of  securing  to  our  State  a  representa- 
tion in  the  National  Centennial  commensurate  with  her  dignity,  her  history,  and  growth; 
and  to  encourage  and  arrange  for  it,  it  is  desirable  that  provision  be  made  at  this  session 
for  the  appointment  of  a  suitable  Commission.  New  Jersey  was  among  the  foremost  in  the 
great  work  of  independence,  and  her  valor,  her  struggles,  and  her  battle-fields  have  made 
her  renowned.  No  State  has  had  a  more  varied  or  substantial  development.  By  none  is 
she  excelled  in  her  industries,  her  agriculture,  her  internal  commerce,  her  mines  devel- 
oped, her  homes,  her  institutions  of  learning  and  charity,  her  system  of  laws,  or  her  pa- 
triotism, virtue,  and  intelligence ;  and  in  none  should  there  be  greater  ardor  and  voluntary 
effort  by  her  citizens  to  give  success  and  character  to  the  great  celebration  of  the  century. 


1 86  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   NEW  JERSEY. 

New  Jersey. 

Approved  April  8,  1875. 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  appointment  of  a  Centennial  Board  for  /his  State,  and  to  define 

its  duties. 

1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  That 
there  shall  be  appointed  for  this  State,  on  nomination  by  the  Governor,  to  be  confirmed  by 
the  Senate,  seven  persons,  who  shall  be  residents  of  the  State,  who,  with  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commissioner  and  Alternate  from  New  Jersey,  shall  constitute  "  The  New 
Jersey  Centennial  Board." 

2.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  "  The  New  Jersey  State  Centennial 
Board"  to  co-operate  with  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  in  encouraging  and 
forwarding  the  objects  of  the  International  Exhibition  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six, 
authorized  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and 
especially  to  organize,  prepare,  superintend,  and  have  the  general  management  of  the  New 
Jersey  department  of  the  said  Centennial  Exhibition. 

3.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  to  accomplish  the  objects,  stated  in  the  next  preceding  sec- 
tion it  shall  be  the  duty  of  "The  New  Jersey  State  Centennial  Board"  to  disseminate 
throughout  this  State  information  regarding  said  proposed  Exhibition ;  to  take  measures  to 
secure  the  co-operation  of  scientific,  agricultural,  mechanical,  manufacturing,  and  other  asso- 
ciations in  the  several  counties;  to  appoint  co-operative  local  committees  (where  the  people 
of  the  locality  do  not  appoint)  representing  the  respective  industries  of  the  State ;  to  stimu- 
late local  action  designed  to  make  the  New  Jersey  department  of  the  Exhibition  worthy 
the  State ;  to  encourage  the  production  of  articles  suitable  for  exhibition ;  to  render  assist- 
ance in  furthering  the  finance  and  other  interests  of  the  Exhibition,  and  furnishing  informa- 
tion to  the  United  States  Centennial  Commissionand  to  the  people  of  the  State  on  all  subjects 
connected  with  the  success  thereof. 

4.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  Board  shall  continue  until  such  time  after  the  close 
of  the  said  Exhibition  as  will  be  necessary  to  complete  and  settle  the  business  connected 
therewith,  not  later  than  the  first  day  of  January,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-seven. 

5.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  members  of  said  Board  shall  not  receive  any  compensa- 
tion for  their  services. 

6.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  to  pay  the  necessary  expenses  attending  and  consequent  upon 
the  discharge  of  their  duties,  and  to  enable  the  State  Geologist  to  prepare  and  arrange  for 
exhibition  specimens  of  the  minerals  of  the  State  and  other  articles  belonging  to  his  de- 
partment, and  for  such  aid  and  assistance  as  shall  be  necessary  to  carry  out  the  objects  of 
this  Act,  there  be  hereby  appropriated  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  and  that  out  of  the 
same  there  shall  be  paid  so  much  as  shall  be  necessary  to  defray  the  expenses  as  aforesaid, 
to  be  paid  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  State  upon  the  warrant  of  the  Comptroller  upon  being 
certified  by  the  President  of  said  Board, — the  whole  amount  paid  not  to  exceed  ten  thou- 
sand dollars. 

7.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  this  Act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


EXTRACT  FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOSEPH   D.  BEDLE. 

January  1 1,  1876. 

The  Commissioners  have  been  very  diligent  in  providing  for  a  proper  representation  of 
the  State  at  the  Centennial  in  Philadelphia.  No  State  will  reap  a  more  durable  benefit 
from  the  Exhibition  than  this.  The  appropriation  of  last  session  is  inadequate  to  meet 


APPENDIX  D. 


187 


their  necessary  expenditures ;  considerable  of  it  will  be  consumed  in  the  work  of  the  Geo-  State  action, 
logical  Board,  in  gathering  and  preparing  its  mineral  and  other  specimens.     These  will  be  Ncw  Jcrscy- 
of  permanent  advantage  after  the  Exhibition,  as  it  is  intended  to  arrange  and  preserve  them 
in  the  State-house.     The  Commissioners,  alike  with  those  of  several  other  States,  are  erect- 
ing a  building  for  the  common  use  of  the  people  of  this  State  on  the  Centennial  grounds. 
Such  accommodation  will  be  indispensable  in  the  very  nature  of  things,  considering  how 
many  from  this  State,  by  reason  of  its  proximity,  will  visit  the  Exhibition.     I  recommend  a 
further  appropriation  to  enable  the  Commissioners  to  complete  their  duties  under  the  law, 
and  the  construction  of  the  building. 

This  year  is  not  only  the  one  hundredth  of  the  nation,  but  of  our  constitutional  existence 
as  a  State.  The  Constitution  under  which  we  lived  and  grew  in  strength  until  1844,  was 
adopted  July  2,  1776.  Surely,  we  cannot  fail  to  appropriately  mark  a  period  like  this  in 
our  history. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 
Approved  February  15,  1876. 

SUPPLEMENT  TO  AN  ACT  entitled  "An  Act  to  authorize  the  appointment  of  a  Centennial 
Board  for  this  State,  and  to  define  its  duties."  Approved  April  eighth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  seventy-Jive. 

1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  That 
for  the  purposes  contemplated  in  the  Act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement,  the  further  sum  ot 
ten  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated,  to  be  paid  by  the  Treasurer  of  this  State,  upon 
the  warrant  of  the  Comptroller,  certified  by  the  President  of  the  said  Board  of  Commissioners. 

2.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  this  Act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 
Approved  March  15,  1876. 

AN  ACT  to  secitre  a  representation  of  the  educational  interests  of  New  Jersey  at  the  Centen- 
nial Exhibition. 

1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Neiu  Jersey,  That 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  State  Board  of  Educaticn  to  secure  a  proper  exhibit  of  the  edu- 
cational interests  of  this  State  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 

2.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the  expenses  incurred  in  securing 
said  exhibit,  a  sufficient  sum,  not  to  exceed  four  thousand  dollars,  is  hereby  appropriated,  to 
be  paid  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  State,  on  warrant  of  the  Comptroller,  upon  being  certified 
by  the  President  and  Secretary  of  said  Board. 

3.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  this  Act  shall  go  into  effect  immediately. 


NEW     MEXICO.  New  Mexico 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  SAMUEL  B.  AXTELL. 

December  6,  1875. 

It  is  proper  to  call  your  attention  to  the  Centennial  annirersary  of  our  existence  as  a 
nation,  and  to  the  Exhibition  of  the  world's  industries  in  connection  with  it  at  Philadelphia 
next  year.  It  is  certainly  desirable  that  New  Mexico  be  properly  presented  there.  We  are 


!88  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,  rich  in  minerals,  and  samples  of  our  grains  would  attest  the  richness  of  the  soil  of  New 
New  Mexico.  Mexico;  our  wines  would  show  us  to  be  a  grape-growing  country,  and  many  curious  and 
ingeniously  wrought  fabrics  would  show  our  skill  and  industry.  The  various  officers,  both 
Territorial  and  county,  connected  with  the  Exhibition,  are  exerting  themselves  to  their 
utmost  to  make  these  collections ;  it  remains  with  you  to  provide  the  means  for  their  trans- 
portation. I  do  not  know  what  amount  will  be  needed,  but  we  are  no  longer  poor,  and  can 
well  afford  to  stand  honorably  by  the  side  of  our  sister  States  and  Territories  in  the  world- 
renowned  Exhibition. 


New  York  NEW     YORK. 

CONCURRENT   RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   NEW  YORK. 

Passed  April  21,  1871. 
CONCURRENT  RESOLUTION  relative  to  Centennial  celebration  of  the  independence  of  the 

United  States  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

Resolved  (if  the  Senate  concur),  That  John  T.  Hoffman,  Governor  of  this  State,  and 
three  persons  to  be  appointed  by  him,  the  Hon.  Allen  C.  Beach,  Lieutenant-Governor,  and 
five  members  of  the  Senate  to  be  appointed  by  him,  the  Hon.  William  Hitchman  (the 
Speaker  of  this  House),  and  seven  members  of  the  Assembly  to  be  appointed  by  him,  shall 
be  a  Committee  of  the  State  of  New  York  to  co-operate  with  Committees  of  other  States 
upon  the  subject  of  the  Centennial  celebration  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States, 
to  be  held  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six ;  and 
said  Committee  fhus  appointed  to  act  until  the  end  of  such  celebration.  They  are  hereby 
required  to  report  to  each  intervening  Legislature,  and  make  such  recommendations  and 
suggestions  to  the  Legislature  from  time  to  time  as  they  may  think  proper  and  expedient  in 
reference  to  said  Centennial  celebration.  The  said  Committee  thus  appointed  shall  bear 
and  pay  its  own  expenses,  so  that  no  charge  for  the  same  shall  be  made  against  the  State. 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK. 
IN  ASSEMBLY,  April  21,  1871. 
The  foregoing  resolution  was  duly  passed. 

By  order  of  the  Assembly. 

C.  W.  ARMSTRONG,  Clerk. 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK. 
IN  SENATE,  April  21,  1871. 
The  foregoing  i-esolution  was  duly  passed. 

By  order  of  the  Senate. 

HIRAM    CALKINS,  Clerk. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF  GOVERNOR   JOHN   A.  DIX. 
January  6,  1874. 

On  the  3d  March,  1871,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  passed  an  Act  to  provide  for 
celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an  In- 
ternational Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  1876. 

The  Act  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a  Commissioner  and  an  Alternate  Com- 
missioner from  each  State  and  Territory,  to  constitute  a  Commission,  which  was  required  to 
hold  its  meetings  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  to  report  to  Congress  a  plan  for  carrying 
out  the  object  of  the  Act. 


APPENDIX  D. 


189 


Preliminary  measures  have  been  already  adopted  for  the  purpose,  and  the  President  of  state  action, 
the  United  States  has  issued  his  proclamation  commending  the  Celebration  and  Exhibition  New  York. 
to  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  to  all  nations  who  may  be  pleased  to  take  part  in 
them. 

It  is  now  recommended  by  the  Centennial  Commission  that  each  State  and  Territory 
appoint  a  Board  of  Managers,  not  exceeding  five  in  number,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing 
their  respective  States  and  Territories,  and  of  securing  a  thorough  representation  of  the 
products  of  industry  of  each  in  the  Exhibition. 

Several  of  the  States  have  entered  with  earnestness  upon  the  work,  and  it  is  greatly  to 
be  desired  that  it  should  be  carried  out  in  a  manner  which  will  be  creditable  to  the  country. 
In  order  that  the  products  of  our  own  industry  may  be  advantageously  exhibited,  a  State 
Board  seems  to  be  indispensable.  It  is  not  proposed  that  the  members  should  have  any 
compensation,  and  it  is  not  doubted  that  gentlemen  can  be  found  who  will  undertake  the 
service  for  the  purpose  of  insuring  a  proper  representation  of  the  State  at  an  Exhibition  in 
which  our  States  and  Territories  and  foreign  countries  will  take  part.  But  it  ought  not  to 
be  expected  that  they  should  do  more  than  pay  their  own  personal  expenses.  The  labor 
of  preparing  and  managing  the  exhibits  of  the  States  is  very  great,  and  cannot  be  per- 
formed without  the  aid  of  a  secretary  and  clerk,  and  without  incurring  expenditures  for 
the  rent  of  an  office  and  some  incidental  objects.  These  expenditures  must  be  borne  by 
the  State  if  such  a  Board  is  created.  The  amount  need  not  exceed  seven  or  eight  thousand 
dollars  a  year  for  the  term  of  two  years  from  the  Fourth  of  July  next. 


CONCURRENT   RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  NEW  YORK. 

Passed  April  30,  1874. 

CONCURRENT  RESOLUTION  authorizing  the  Governor  to  appoint  Commissioners  to  represent 
the  State  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition. 

Whereas,  His  Excellency  the  Governor  recommends,  in  his  annual  message,  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Board  of  Commissioners  to  represent  this  State  and  its  industrial  and  other  interests 
in  the  Centennial  Exhibition  soon  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia;  and 

Whereas,  The  Managers  of  said  Exhibition  advise  that  each  State  shall  select  a  Com- 
mission, not  exceeding  five  in  number,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  their  respective  States 
and  securing  a  suitable  representation  of  the  same  in  the  Exhibition ;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved  (if  the  Senate  concur),  That  the  Governor  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
appoint  five  citizens  to  be  Commissioners,  who  shall  represent  the  State  of  New  York  in  all 
matters  connected  with  or  pertaining  to  the  Centennial  Exhibition.  The  said  Commissioners 
to  receive  no  compensation  for  their  services  or  expenses.  In  addition  to  the  Commissioners 
herein  provided,  the  Commissioners  and  Alternates  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  for  the  State  at  large  shall  be  included  in  the  Commission  herewith  created. 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK. 
IN  ASSEMBLY,  February  18,  1874. 
The  foregoing  resolution  was  duly  passed. 

By  order. 

JOHN  O'DONNELL,  Clerk. 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK. 
IN  SENATE,  April  30,  1874. 
The  foregoing  resolution  was  duly  passed. 

By  order. 

HENRY  A.  GLIDDEN,  Clerk. 


1 90  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  SPECIAL   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   SAMUEL  J.   TILDEN. 

New  York. 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK. 
EXECUTIVE  CHAMBER,  ALBANY,  April  2,  1875. 
To  THE  LEGISLATURE: 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  a  memorial  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society, 
praying  that  it  may  be  charged  with  the  preparation  of  a  memorial  volume  exhibiting  the 
progress  of  the  State  during  the  past  century,  for  the  purposes  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition 
at  Philadelphia. 

(Signed)  SAMUEL  J.  TILDEN. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Passed  June  7,  1875  ;  by  a  two-thirds  vote. 

AN  ACT  atithorizing  the  appointment  of  Centennial  Commissioners. 
The  people  of  the  State  of  New  York,  represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  do  enact  as  follows  : 

SECTION  I.  The  Governor  is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  seven  citizens  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  to  serve  without  pay,  who  shall  constitute  a  State  Centennial  Board  for  the 
State  of  New  York,  who,  co-operating  with  the  Centennial  Commission,  appointed  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  in  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  an  Act  of  Congress  in 
relation  LO  the  holding  of  an  International  Exhibition  in  commemoration  of  the  one  hun- 
dredth anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  approved  March  third,  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy-one,  and  as  far  as  practicable  conforming  to  its  general  rules  and  regu- 
lations, shall  adopt  measures  to  promote,  perfect,  and  forward  a  complete  representation  of 
the  arts,  manufactures,  and  other  productions  of  this  State,  to  be  displayed  in  said  Inter- 
national Exhibition. 

SEC.  2.  The  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated,  or  so  much 
thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  to  pay  the  proper  expenses  incident  to  the  performance  of  the 
duties  imposed  upon  said  Board. 

SEC.  3.  All  laws  heretofore  passed  relating  to  this  subject  are  hereby  repealed. 

SEC.  4.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK,  •» 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE,  / ss' 

I  have  compared  the  preceding  with  the  original  law  on  file  in  this  office,  and  do  hereby 
certify  that  the  same  is  a  correct  transcript  therefrom  and  of  the  whole  of  said  original  law. 

DIEDRICH   WILLERS,  JR.,  Secretary  of  State. 


EXTRACT  FROM   AN   ACT  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

1876. 

APPROPRIATION  made  by  the  Legislative  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  included  in  chap- 
ter /9j>  of  the  laws  of  18^6,  entitled  "  An  Act  making  appropriations  for  certain  expenses 
of  Government  and  supplying  deficiencies  in  former  appropriations" 
For  the  State  Centennial  Board  appointed  in  pursuance  of  chapter  five  hundred  and 
twenty-five  of  the  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five,  the  sum  of  eight  thousand 
dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary  to  be  expended  by  said  Board  in  providing 
for  the  exhibition  of  the  products  of  the  Dairymen's  Association  of  this  State,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  said  Association  at  the  national  Centennial  Exhi- 
bition at  Philadelphia,  and  for  the  expenses  attending  the  same ;  but  nc  part  of  said  sum 
shall  be  paid  for  the  personal  expenses  or  services  of  said  Executive  Committee. 


APPENDIX  D.  lgl 

NORTH    CAROLINA.  St.* action. 

North 

SPECIAL   MESSAGE   OF  GOVERNOR   TOD   R.  CALDWELL.  Carolina. 

October  30,  1873. 
To  THE  HONORABLE  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY: 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  for  your  consideration  a  communication  from  the 
Hon.  Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  on  the  4th  July,  1876. 

In  transmitting  the  communication,  together  with  accompanying  papers,  it  affords  me 
pleasure,  as  a  North  Carolinian  and  a  son  of  one  of  the  original  thirteen  colonies,  whose 
services  were  so  conspicuous  in  the  memorable  struggle  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  by  which 
our  country  was  declared  to  be  a  free  and  independent  nation,  to  ask  your  favorable  aid  in 
rendering  the  Centennial  Celebration,  commemorative  of  the  heroic  exploits  of  our  fore- 
fathers and  the  subsequent  grandeur  of  our  country,  a  success,  to  which  we  and  our  pos- 
terity may  for  all  time  revert  with  feelings  of  pleasure  and  pride. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

TOD   R.  CALDWELL,  Governor. 


RESOLUTION   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  NORTH   CAROLINA. 
Ratified  March  22,  1875. 

Whereas,  On  the  fourth  day  of  July,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six,  the 
Centennial  of  American  Independence  will  be  celebrated  in  Philadelphia,  where  the  great 
Declaration  was  made;  And  whereas,  it  is  proposed  at  that  time  to  gather  up  the  industries 
of  the  States  and  to  show  their  resources  to  a  world  assembled ;  And  "whereas,  at  this  most 
proper  time  to  bury  the  animosity  of  past  years,  and  in  brotherly  kindness  to  commence  the 
march  of  another  century,  North  Carolina,  present  at  the  birth,  ought  not  to  be  absent  from 
the  manhood  festival  of  American  freedom ;  therefore, 

Be  it  resolved  by  the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina,  That  our  State  ought  to  be 
represented  in  the  Centennial  Celebration,  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia,  in  the  persons  of  her 
sons  and  daughters,  and  in  the  exhibition  of  her  resources,  her  products,  and  her  manufac- 
tures. That  we  recommend  to  the  people  to  fill  up  the  North  Carolina  department  in  this 
great  Exhibition  with  a  bountiful  supply  of,  and  varied  products,  and  go  themselves  to  this 
peaceful  reunion  of  a  reconciled  people,  and  assist  in  the  opening  of  a  new  century  of 
prosperity  and  peace. 


OHIO.  Ohio. 

EXTRACT  FROM   THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  EDWARD   F.  NOYES. 

January  5,  1874. 

It  having  been  decided  to  celebrate  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  our  National 
Independence  by  a  grand  exhibition  of  the  industry  and  resources  of  the  country,  it  is 
desirable  that  provision  for  this  important  event  be  made  upon  a  scale  commensurate  with 
the  dignity  of  the  occasion.  Foreign  nations  are  already  signifying  their  acceptance  of  the 
invitation  of  our  Government,  while  exhibitors  in  this  and  other  countries  arc  applying  for 
necessary  space.  To  make  the  Exhibition  such  a  success  as  shall  present  our  young  Repub- 
lic to  the  Governments  of  the  Old  World  in  the  most  favorable  light, — such  a  display  as  shall 
attract  the  attention  and  command  the  admiration  of  the  whole  civilized  world, — a  largo 


1 92  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,  amount  of  money  will  be  required.  In  order  to  raise  the  necessary  funds,  and  for  other 
purposes,  the  Centennial  Commission  appeals  to  the  patriotic  impulses  and  generous  spirit 
of  all  our  people.  Certainly  no  State  in  the  Union  has  greater  cause  for  gratitude  and  pride 
than  Ohio,  with  her  three  million  inhabitants  and  her  abounding  wealth.  It  is  hoped  the 
rich  and  the  poor  alike,  each  according  to  his  means,  will  contribute  something  toward  car- 
rying out  the  designs  of  the  Commission.  To  facilitate  this,  Hon.  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director- 
General  of  the  Centennial,  a  citizen  of  our  own  State,  asks  for  the  appointment  of  State 
Boards  to  co-operate  with  the  National  Board  of  Commissioners. 

I  would,  therefore,  earnestly  recommend  that  provision  be  made  for  appointment,  by 
my  successor,  of  such  State  Board,  and  that  an  appropriation  of  five  thousand  dollars  be 
made  to  defray  the  expenses  thereof,  including  the  cost  of  travel,  postage,  clerk  hire,  etc. 
I  am  convinced  this  is  the  least  sum  which  will  answer  the  purpose. 

It  is  hoped  Ohio  will  not  be  behind  her  sister  States  in  the  manifestation  of  her 
patriotism. 


ACT   OF   THE   GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  OF  THE   STATE  OF  OHIO. 

Passed  February  18,  1874. 
AN  ACT  to  establish  a  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers. 

Whereas,  Congress  did  provide,  by  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  celebrating 
the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an  International 
Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  M,ine,  in  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,"  approved 
March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  for  the  appointment  of  Commissioners  to 
promote  and  control  the  exhibition  of  the  national  resources  and  their  development,  and  the 
nation's  progress  in  arts  which  benefit  mankind,  and  to  suggest  and  direct  appropriate  cere- 
monies by  which  the  people  of  the  United  States  may  commemorate  that  memorable  and 
decisive  event,  the  Declaration  of  American  Independence  by  the  Congress  of  the  United 
Colonies,  assembled  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  fourth  day  of  July,  Anno  Domini 
seventeen  hundred  and  seventy-six  ;  and 

Whereas,  The  United  States  Centennial  Commissioners,  organized  under  said  Act,  have 
recommended  the  immediate  formation  of  State  and  Territorial  representatives,  to  act  with 
their  Commissioner  and  Alternate  as  a  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for  each  State 
and  Territory,  upon  whom  shall  devolve  the  responsibility  of  organizing  the  State,  and 
securing  its  thorough  representation  in  the  Exhibition,  in  accordance  with  the  rules  and 
regulations  for  exhibitors  adopted  by  the  said  Commission ;  therefore, 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Ohio  :  That  the  Gov- 
ernor is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  appoint  five  suitable  persons,  familiar  with 
the  resources,  arts,  products,  and  capabilities  of  the  State,  who,  with  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commissioner  and  Alternate  of  this  State,  shall  constitute  and  be  the  State  Board 
of  Centennial  Managers  for  the  State  of  Ohio. 

SEC.  2.  That  upon  said  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  so  constituted  shall  devolve 
the  responsibility  of  organizing  the  State,  and  of  securing  its  thorough  representation  in  the 
International  Exhibition  of  1876.  It  shall  also  have  special  charge  of  the  interests  of  this 
State  and  the  citizens  thereof  in  matters  relating  to  the  Exhibition ;  shall  obtain  and  dis- 
seminate information  through  the  State  in  regard  to  the  Exhibition ;  and  generally  to  super- 
vise such  other  details  relating  to  the  representation  of  the  industries  and  products  of  this 
State  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  delegated  to  it  under  the  rules  and  regulations  adopted 
by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

SEC.  3.  That  said  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  shall,  immediately  after  their 
appointment,  organize,  by  electing  from  its  own  number  a  President,  Secretary,  and  Treas- 
urer, whose  term  of  office  shall  be  one  year,  and  until  their  successors  shall  be  duly  quali- 


APPENDIX  D.  I93 

fied,  and  adopt  such  by-laws,  rules,  and  regulations  for  its  own  government,  and  for  the  State  action, 
government  of  its  officers,  as  may  be  deemed  expedient ;  Provided,  the  same  shall  not  be  O1"0- 
inconsistent  with  any  laws  of  this  State  or  the  rules  and  regulations  adopted,  or  which  may 
hereafter  be  adopted,  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission ;  Provided  further,  the 
said  Centennial   Managers  shall   receive   no  compensation  for  their  personal  or  official 
services. 

SEC.  4.  The  said  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  shall  make  a  report  to  each 
session  of  the  Legislature  of  its  operations,  and  such  other  matters  in  relation  to  the  Exhi- 
bition as  may  be  deemed  of  general  interest ;  and  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  is 
hereby  appropriated  for  the  expenses  of  said  Board,  to  be  paid  on  warrants  drawn  by  the 
President  of  the  Board,  under  resolution  thereof,  on  the  Treasurer,  attested  by  him,  and 
approved  by  the  Governor ;  and  the  State  Treasurer  is  hereby  directed  to  pay  the  same  on 
said  orders  so  drawn,  attested,  and  approved,  out  of  any  money  belonging  to  the  general 
revenue  fund  not  otherwise  appropriated.  And  said  Board  shall  make  no  expenditure  and 
contract  no  obligation  in  excess  of  the  amount  herein  appropriated. 

SEC.  5.  This  Agt  shall  take  effect  on  its  passage. 

GEO.  L.  CONVERSE,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
ALPHONSO    HART,  President  of  the  Senate. 
Passed  February  18,  1874. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  WILLIAM  ALLEN. 

December  I,  1874. 

In  pursuance  of  the  Act  of  February  18,  1874,  creating  a  State  Board  of  Centennial 
Managers,  five  eminent  citizens  of  Ohio  were  appointed  to  constitute  the  Commission. 
They  have  completed  their  organization  and  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
assigned  to  them. 


EXTRACT  FROM   AN  ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  OHIO. 

Passed  March  30,  1875. 
AN  ACT  making  Appropriations  for  the  Fiscal  Year  1875  and  First  Quarter  of  the 

Fiscal  Year  1876. 
For  Centennial  Managers : 

To  pay  expenses  of  the  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  to  be  paid  on  warrants  drawn 
by  the  President  of  the  Board  under  resolution  thereof  on  the  Treasurer,  attested  by  him, 
and  approved  by  the  Governor,  and  the  Auditor  of  State  is  hereby  directed  to  draw  his 
warrant  on  the  State  Treasurer  for  the  payment  of  the  same  on  orders  so  drawn,  attested 
and  approved,  seven  thousand  five  hundred  dollars ;  and  said  Board  shall  make  no  expendi- 
ture and  contract  no  obligation  in  excess  of  the  amount  appropriated  for  its  use. 


EXTRACT  FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF  GOVERNOR   WILLIAM   ALLEN. 

January  3,  1876. 

We  have  now  entered  upon  the  Centennial  year  of  our  national  existence.  The  efforts 
which  have  been  made  to  insure  a  proper  celebration  of  the  important  events  at  the  city  of 
the  nation's  birth  have  been  crowned  with  great  success.  The  principal  nations  of  the 
world  have  signified  their  intention  to  participate,  through  their  representatives  at  the 
national  capital,  and  the  President  of  the  United  States,  in  his  recent  message,  has  recom- 
mended to  Congress  that  it  more  fully  invest  it  with  national  significance. 

The  different  States  of  the  Union  are  vying  with  each  other  in  friendly  and  patriotic 

'3 


194  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 

State  action,  rivalry  in  the  effort  to  make  a  creditable  exhibition  of  their  growth  and  resources ;  and 
Ohio,  the  third  in  population  and  wealth,  and  the  equal  of  any  in  its  natural  resources, 
should  not  lack  in  appreciation  of  the  interesting  event,  or  lag  in  its  efforts  to  make  such 
an  exhibition  as  will  give  it  its  proper  place  in  the  rank  of  States. 

Our  efficient  Board  of  State  Centennial  Managers  have  been  laboring  with  great  energy, 
and  are  cheered  by  the  belief  that  their  efforts  have  been  successful  in  creating  an  interest 
which  will  insure  such  a  representation  as  will  be  a  matter  of  pride  to  every  citizen  of  the 
State.  I  respectfully  recommend  that  you  grant  them  such  reasonable  aid  as  they  may 
require,  to  complete  their  arrangements  and  secure  the  success  of  their  labor. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE   INAUGURAL  ADDRESS  OF  GOVERNOR  RUTHER- 
FORD  B.  HAYES. 
January  10,  1876. 

Agreeing  generally  with  the  sentiments  of  Governor  Allen's  recent  message,  I  desire 
especially  to  concur  in  what  is  said  on  the  subject  of  the  national  Centennial  celebration. 

No  community  in  the  world  has  been  permitted  by  Providence  to  enjoy  more  largely 
the  blessings  conferred  on  mankind  by  the  great  event  of  1776  than  the  people  of  Ohio. 
Ohio  and  her  interests  had  no  existence  a  hundred  years  ago.  They  are  the  growth  of 
less  than  a  century.  The  people  naturally  wish  that  their  State,  and  her  history  and  her 
advantages,  should  be  widely  known.  No  other  such  opportunity  for  their  exhibition  will 
probably  occur  for  several  generations. 


EXTRACT   FROM  AN  ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  OHIO. 

1876. 

AN  ACT  making  Appropriations  for  the  Fiscal  Year  1876,  etc. 

For  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers : 

To  pay  the  expenses  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  thirty-three  thousand 
dollars  (and  said  Board  shall  make  no  expenditure  and  contract  no  obligation  in  excess  of 
the  amount  appropriated  herein  for  its  use),  to  be  paid  upon  certificates  drawn  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  under  resolution  thereof  upon  the  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  attested  by 
the  said  Treasurer  and  approved  by  the  Governor ;  Provided,  that  there  shall  be  expended 
from  the  above  sum  not  exceeding  eight  thousand  dollars  under  direction  of  said  Board, 
for  the  preparation  of  a  full  exposition  of  the  school  system  of  Ohio,  and  a  history  of  the 
benevolent,  penal,  and  reformatory  institutions  of  the  State,  as  well  as  of  similar  institutions 
supported  by  counties  or  cities,  and  the  State  shall  o\vn  all  books  bound  or  published  fiom 
the  proceeds  of  this  appropriation  and  the  manuscripts  thereof,  and  shall  have  the  sole 
right  to  apply  for  and  dispose  of  the  copyrights  of  the  same. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  RUTHERFORD  B. 

HAYES. 

January  2,  1877. 

The  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  have  completed  the  work  intrusted  to  them,  and  it 
is  a  satisfaction  to  know  that  the  part  taken  by  the  people  of  Ohio  in  the  National  Exhibi- 
tion at  Philadelphia  was  highly  creditable  to  the  State.  The  appropriations  made  by  the 
General  Assembly  have  been  carefully  and  economically  expended,  and  when  the  affairs  of 
the  Board  are  closed  up,  a  balance  of  several  thousand  dollars  will  be  left  unexpended. 
The  entire  number  of  Ohio  exhibits  was  1000,  of  which  250  received  awards,  a  proportion 
larger  than  was  obtained  by  any  other  State  for  the  same  class  of  articles.  The  jury  on 


APPENDIX  D.  I95 

collective  State  exhibits  (individual  exhibits  not  coming  within  the  line  of  their  duties)  State  action, 
recommended  in  their  reports  awards  to  Ohio  as  follows :  Ohio. 

1.  For  a  State  building  on  the  Centennial  grounds,  of  excellent  design  and  workman- 
ship, constructed  with  materials  exclusively  from  Ohio  and  by  workmen  from  that  State, 
and  containing  contributions  of  building-stone  from  nearly  every  quarry  in  the  State,  with 
glass  made  from  Ohio  sandstone. 

2.  For  a  large  collection,  by  the  State  Archaeological  Society,  of  mound-builders'  re- 
mains and  other  antiquities  relating  to  prehistoric  man. 

3.  For  a  large  collection  of  the  vast  mineral  resources  of  the  State,  with  their  primary 
derivations,  and  especially  from  the  Hanging  Rock  iron  region,  the  Tuscarawas,  Mahoning, 
Hocking  Valley,  and  Perry  County  coal  and  iron  regions,  also  including  excellent  specimens 
of  salt  and  bromine. 

4.  For  a  complete  exhibition  of  the  woods  of  the  State. 

5.  For  an  extensive  exhibition  of  the  cereals  of  the  State. 

6.  For  a  complete  display  of  many  varieties  of  fruits  from  24  different  counties. 

7.  For  an  exceedingly  interesting  exhibition  of  the  educational  system  of  the  State, 
embracing,  all  departments  of  education. 

8.  For  a  large,  elaborate,  and  exceedingly  valuable  geological  map  of  Ohio,  with  many 
excellent  features  deserving  special  commendation. 


OREGON.  Oregon. 

ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  OREGON. 

Approved  October  24,  1872. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  paying  the  expenses  of  the  Commissioner  and  Commissioner  Substi- 
tute for  the  State  of  Oregon  in  attending  the  sittings  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  as  follows  : 

SECTION  I.  There  shall  be,  and  is  hereby,  set  apart  from  any  money  in  the  Sttite 
treasury,  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  four  thousand  ($4000)  dollars,  to  be  used 
in  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  Commissioner  and  Commissioner  Substitute  for  Oregon,  in 
attending  the  sessions  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  during  the  years  1872  and 
1876  inclusive. 

SEC.  2.  When  the  audited  bills  of  the  said  Commissioners  are  presented,  the  Secretary 
of  State  shall  draw  warrants  for  the  respective  amounts  in  favor  of  said  Commissioners. 
Such  warrants  shall  be  paid  by  the  State  Treasurer  from  the  fund  provided  for  in  this  Act ; 
Provided,  that  the  aggregate  amount  paid  in  any  one  year  shall  not  exceed  one  thousand 
($1000)  dollars. 

SEC.  3.  Whereas  the  Commissioner  Substitute  for  Oregon  has  already  attended  one 
meeting  of  the  United  States  Commission,  at  his  own  private  expense,  the  Secretary  of  State 
is  authorized  to  draw  a  warrant  on  the  fund  provided  in  this  Act  in  favor  of  said  Commis- 
sioner Substitute,  when  said  Commissioner  Substitute  shall  present  his  bill  of  expenses  duly 
audited. 

SEC.  4.  The  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  and  Treasurer  shall  audit  all  claims  on  this 
fund  by  the  Commissioner  and  Commissioner  Substitute. 

SEC.  5.  As  there  has  been  some  expense  incurred  by  the  Commissioner,  and  a  meeting 
of  the  Commission  is  shortly  to  take  place,  this  Act  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  its 
passage  and  approval  by  the  Governor. 


196  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  EXTRACT   FROM    THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   L.    F.    GROVER. 

Oregon. 

September,  1876. 

The  grand  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  in  commemoration  of  the  one  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  our  national  existence,  to  which  the  nations  of  the  world  have  accepted  an 
invitation  to  be  present,  has  not  been  without  significance  to  Oregon,  nor  without  distinc- 
tion to  her  peerless  products. 

Under  the  Act  of  Congress  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  nomi- 
nation of  the  Governors  of  the  several  States,  to  appoint,  for  each,  a  Commissioner  and  a 
Commissioner  Alternate,  to  assume  the  general  management  of  the  Exhibition,  I  had  the 
honor  to  nominate  for  Oregon  James  W.  Virtue,  of  Baker  County,  as  Commissioner,  and 
Andrew  J.  Dufur,  of  Multnomah  County,  as  Commissioner  Alternate,  who  were  duly 
appointed.  The  former  having  been  so  much  engaged  in  private  business  as  not  to  be  able 
to  attend  the  Exhibition,  the  duties  of  Commissioner  have  been  devolved  on  the  latter.  And 
I  take  special  pleasure  in  thus  publicly  commending  the  devoted  manner  and  distinguished 
success  with  which  these  duties  have  been  performed. 

No  test  of  superiority  in  products  can  possibly  be  more  satisfactory  than  an  immediate 
comparison  of  such  products  in  a  general  exhibition  where  the  best  of  all  countries  are 
collected  together.  This  opportunity  for  Oregon  has  occurred  at  Philadelphia,  and,  unless 
universal  report  is  much  mistaken,  our  Commissioner  will  leave  the  Exhibition  with  honors 
and  premiums  for  several  of  the  leading  products  of  our  generous  soil.  The  occasion  has 
added  character  to  the  State,  and  will  greatly  assist  in  adding  population.  The  appropri- 
ation of  $4000,  made  four  years  ago,  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  Commissioner  in  attend- 
ing the  meetings  of  the  General  Board  at  Philadelphia,  has  now  been  exhausted.  The 
articles  placed  on  exhibition  have  been  collected  by  the  personal  exertions  of  the  Commis- 
sioner, aided  by  several  other  patriotic  citizens,  in  a  voluntary  way,  and  limited  sums  of 
money  have  been  subscribed  by  the  citizens  of  Portland  and  other  localities,  in  aid  of  the 
enterprise. 

But  there  exists  a  considerable  margin  of  necessary  expenses  connected  with  the  Exhi- 
bition, which  have  been  assumed  and  paid  by  individuals,  and  by  the  Commissioner,  which 
should  be  assumed  and  paid  by  the  State.  In  addition  to  this,  so  honorable,  useful,  and 
successful  services  as  have  been  rendered  by  the  Commissioner  at  Philadelphia  should  not 
remain  unremunerated.  The  assumption  of  these  expenses  by  the  State,  and  an  allowance 
of  a  reasonable  per  diem  compensation  to  the  Commissioner,  is  especially  recommended. 
Specific  accounts  in  the  premises  will  be  laid  before  your  honorable  body. 

On  the  request  of  the  Board  of  General  Management,  that  the  Governor  of  each  State 
appoint  one  of  its  citizens  to  deliver,  during  the  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  an  address,  em- 
bodying the  outlines  of  State  history  and  an  account  of  its  geography,  soil,  climate,  and  re- 
sources, as  a  distinctive  feature  of  the  occasion,  I  appointed  Hon.  Henry  H.  Gilfry  to  speak 
on  behalf  of  Oregon.  The  duty  was  performed  with  honor  to  the  State  and  credit  to  him- 
self. This  address  will  be  published  among  the  permanent  transactions  of  the  Exhibition. 


PC,,  sylvan.  PENNSYLVANIA. 

CONCURRENT  RESOLUTION  OF  REQUEST  TO  THE  CONGRESS  OF  THE 

UNITED    STATES. 

The  following  concurrent  resolution  was  offered  in  the  House  of  Representatives  Feb-. 
ruary  2,  1870,  considered  and  agreed  to,  and  it  was  ordered  that  the  Clerk  present  the  .same 
to  the  Senate  for  concurrence  : 


APPENDIX  D. 


197 


IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES,  February  2,  1870. 

Pcnnsylvam 

Whereas,  The  Franklin  Institute  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  has  memorialized  the 
Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  as  follows: 
To  THE  SELECT  AND  COMMON  COUNCILS  OF  THE  CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA  : 

The  Franklin  Institute,  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  (the  first  founded  of  institutions 
of  its  kind  in  this  country),  being  mindful  of  what  may  conduce  to  the  credit  and  pros- 
perity of  the  city  of  its  location,  has  resolved,  throu  jh  its  Board  of  Managers,  that  it  will 
be  expedient  to  celebrate  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  our  national  existence  by  an  Inter- 
national Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  to  be  held 
upon  the  grounds  which  it  is  hoped  may  be  obtained  within  Fairmount  Park  for  this  purpose. 

It  would  seem  eminently  proper  that  such  an  Exhibition  should  be  the  form  of  celebra- 
tion selected,  and  that  this  city  should  be  the  spot  chosen  by  the  nation  for  a  national 
celebration  at  that  time. 

Here  was  written  and  given  to  the  world  that  Declaration  which  called  our  nation  into 
existence ;  here  the  laws  which  guided  its  infancy  first  took  shape ;  here  it  began  its  march 
to  benefit  the  human  race.  Under  the  same  laws  then  established,  and  in  the  nation  then 
created,  all  arts  and  sciences  have  progressed  in  an  unparalleled  degree,  and  it  is  believed 
that  the  form  of  celebration  indicated  would  be  emblematic  of  their  progress. 
•  The  historical  relations  alone  of  our  city  should  entitle  it  to  selection  for  such  a  cele- 
bration ;  but  apart  from  the  claim  as  the  birthplace  of  our  Government,  its  geographical 
position,  its  railroad  and  navigation  facilities,  and  its  abundant  means  of  accommodation 
for  large  numbers  of  strangers,  all  add  to  its  claim  and  fitness  to  be  selected  for  such  a 
purpose. 

In  consecmence  of  these  considerations,  the  subscribers  have  been  appointed  a  committee 
to  bring  the  subject  to  your  notice,  and  to  request  that  your  honorable  bodies  will  memorial- 
ize Congress  upon  the  subject,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  that  aid  which  will  make  such 
an  Exhibition  truly  international  in  its  character. 

WM.  SELLERS, 

F.  FRALEY, 

COLEMAN  SELLERS, 

ENOCH  LEWIS, 

B.  H.  MOORE,  Committee. 

And  whereas,  The  said  Councils  have  passed  the  following  resolution : 

RESOLUTION   TO    PROVIDE    FOR    THE    APPROPRIATE    CELEBRATION    OF    THE    CENTENNIAL 
ANNIVERSARY   OF  AMERICAN   INDEPENDENCE. 

Resolved  by  the  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  That  an  Inter- 
national Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine  would  be  an 
appropriate  mode  of  celebration  for  the  Centennial  anniversary  of  our  national  existence. 

Resolved,  That  Philadelphia,  from  its  accessibility,  both  domestic  and  foreign,  from  its 
ability  to  accommodate  a  large  transient  population,  as  well  as  provide  ample  ground  con- 
venient of  access,  and  from  having  been  the  original  seat  of  the  National  Government, 
would  be  the  most  appropriate  place  for  such  an  Exhibition. 

Resolved,  That  a  joint  special  committee  of  nine  from  each  chamber  be  appointed  to 
present  these  resolutions  to  Congress,  and  to  solicit  legislation  to  further  the  object  in  view. 

And  whereas,  It  would  seem  eminently  proper  that  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  should 
use  every  effort  to  assist  in  obtaining  from  Congress  the  necessary  action  to  insure  said 
celebration  being  truly  international,  and  held  at  our  great  metropolis,  as  above  recited  and 
contemplated  ;  therefore, 

Be  it  resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  General  Assembly  met,  That  they  hereby  most  heartily  approve  of  and  indorse 


j^S  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,      the  above-recited  communication  from  the  Franklin  Institute  and  resolutions  of  the  Councils 
Pennsylvania.    of  the  City  of  Philadelphia;  and  in  furtherance  thereof, 

Resolved,  That  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  most  respectfully  requested 
and  solicited  to  take  such  appropriate  action  as  will  carry  into  effect  the  "  Celebration  of 
the  Centennial  anniversary  of  American  Independence,"  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  a 
great  and  truly  international  character,  by  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Pro- 
ducts of  the  Soil  and  Mine  as  will  fully  demonstrate  the  rapid  march  of  improvement. 

Resolved,  That  a  joint  committee  of  six  be  appointed  to  tender  their  official  co-opera- 
tion with  the  committee  appointed  by  the  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  carrying 
out  the  purposes  of  said  resolution. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  and  preamble  be  forwarded  to  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States,  and  also  to  the  Select  and  Common 
Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

[The  above  resolution  was  read  in  the  Senate,  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Federal 
Relations,  and  having  been  considered  and  concurred  in,  was  returned  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  with  amendments.  The  House  of  Representatives  duly  concurred  with 
the  Senate  in  its  amendments,  and  Messrs.  Johnston  (Philadelphia),  Adaire,  and  Schnat- 
terley  were  appointed  as  the  committee  aforesaid  on  the  part  of  the  House,  whereupon 
Messrs.  Henszey,  Olmsted,  and  Buckalew  were  appointed  on  the  part  of  the  Senate.] 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR  JOHN   W.  GEARY. 

EXECUTIVE  CHAMBER,  HARRISBURG,  March  3,  1871. 

To  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH  OF 

PENNSYLVANIA  : 

GENTLEMEN, — During  the  last  session  of  the  Legislature  of  this  Commonwealth,  a  joint 
Committee  visited  Washington  City  to  urge  upon  Congress  the  propriety  of  holding  a 
National  Industrial  Exhibition  at  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  1876,  in  honor  of  the 
one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independence.  In  response  to  these  solicitations, 
and  like  efforts  by  the  city  authorities  of  Philadelphia  and  the  active  co-operation  of  our 
Representatives  in  Congress,  an  Act  has  been  passed  by  Congress  giving  to  the  proposed 
celebration  the  sanction  and  encouragement  of  the  National  Government,  and  a  copy  of 
that  Act  is  herewith  inclosed  for  information.  The  whole  State  of  Pennsylvania  will  be 
honored  and  benefited  by  the  holding  of  the  Celebration  and  Exhibition  within  its  borders. 
The  great  material  wealth  and  industrial  interests  of  every  section  of  the  Commonwealth 
will  be  brought  prominently  to  the  attention  of  the  civilized  world,  and  our  farmers, 
mechanics,  and  artisans  will  be  enabled  to  learn  much  from  the  opportunities  thus  afforded ; 
and  our  State  will  be  specially  honored  in  having  public  attention  again  directed  to  the 
conspicuous  part  she  acted  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle  for  National  Independence. 

Pennsylvanians  who  have  labored  to  secure  this  favorable  action  of  Congress,  and 
Representatives  in  Congress  from  other  States  who  generously  conceded  to  this  State  and 
to  Philadelphia  this  proud  distinction,  look  to  the  Legislature  now  in  session  for  such 
indorsement  and  pecuniary  aid  as  the  interest  and  character  of  the  occasion  demands. 
Public-spirited  and  patriotic  men  who  will  act  as  Commissioners  are  willing  to  give  their 
time,  labors,  and  influence  to  make  the  grand  Exhibition  a  success,  but  they  have  a  right  to 
look  to  the  State  for  such  encouragement  and  appropriations  as  will  defray  the  expenses 
necessarily  incident  to  a  proper  and  efficient  discharge  of  the  important  duties  devolving 
upon  them.  Gratified  at  what  has  been  already  done,  impressed  with  the  great  importance 
of  the  movement,  and  desirous  that  the  occasion  shall  be  made  one  ever  memorable  in  the 


APPENDIX  D. 


199 


history  of  the  State  and  nation,  I  earnestly  invoke  the  liberal  and  hearty  co-operation  of  State  action, 
the  Legislature.  Pennsylvania. 

JOHN   W.  GEARY. 

[The  foregoing  message  was  transmitted  to  the  Legislature  on  the  3d  day  of  March, 
A.D.  1871,  and,  with  the  accompanying  copy  of  Act  of  Congress,*  was  read  and  referred  to 
the  Committees  on  Federal  Relations.] 


JOINT   RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  March  8,  1871. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  relative  to  a  Centennial  Celebration  at  Philadelphia. 
Be  it  Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  mety  That  the  Governor  and  three  persons  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  him,  William  A.  Wallace  and  James  H.  Webb,  Speakers  of  the  Senate  and 
House,  with  three  members  of  each  branch  of  the  Legislature  to  be  appointed  by  the  Speakers 
of  the  Senate  and  House,  respectively,  shall  be  a  Committee  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania 
to  co-operate  with  Committees  from  other  States  and  local  Committees  upon  the  subject  of  the 
Centennial  Celebration  at  Philadelphia  in  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six ;  said 
Committee  to  stand  until  that  time,  and  to  report  to  each  intervening  Legislature,  and  make 
such  suggestions  and  recommendations  from  time  to  time  to  the  Legislature  as  they  may 
think  proper  and  expedient  in  reference  to  said  Centennial  Celebration. 

JAMES   H.  WEBB,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
WILLIAM   A.  WALLACE,  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  eighth  of  March,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy- 
one. 

JNO.  W.  GEARY. 


SPECIAL  MESSAGE  OF   GOVERNOR  JOHN  W.   GEARY. 

EXECUTIVE  CHAMBER,  HARRISBURG,  March  20,  1871. 

To  THE  HONORABLE  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  COM- 
MONWEALTH OF  PENNSYLVANIA: 

GENTLEMEN, — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  in  compliance  with  the  Joint  Reso- 
lution, approved  March  8,  1871,  providing  for  the  organization  of  "  a  committee  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania  to  co-operate  with  other  State  and  local  committees  upon  the  subject  of  the 
Centennial  Celebration  at  Philadelphia,"  in  the  year  1876, 1  have  appointed  Colonel  William 
Phillips,  of  Pittsburg,  William  T.  Horstman,  Esq.,  and  Colonel  William  McMichael,  of 
Philadelphia,  as  members  of  the  Committee,  in  addition  to  those  named  in  the  Resolution. 
The  Committee  thus  constructed  has  held  preliminary  meetings  and  made  preparations  to 
push  forward  vigorously  the  objects  contemplated  by  the  Legislature  in  their  appointment. 
In  order  that  they  may  have  at  command  the  necessary  facilities  for  accomplishing  the  im- 
portant duties  assigned  them,  I  most  respectfully  suggest  that  a  liberal  appropriation  be 
made  to  meet  all  requisite  and  indispensable  expenses. 

JOHN  W.  GEARY. 

[The  foregoing  message  was  transmitted  to  the  Legislature  on  the  2ist  day  of  March, 
A.D.  1871,  and  read  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Finance  in  the  Senate,  and  laid  on 
the  table  in  the  House  of  Representatives.] 

*  For  text  of  Act  of  Congress,  see  Appendix  C,  page  101. 


200  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.      CONCURRENT  RESOLUTION  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pennsylvania. 

April  6,  1871. 

Whereas,  The  Select  Joint  Committee  of  the  Virginia  Legislature,  appointed  to  confer 
with  the  authorities  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  relative  to  the  Cen- 
tennial Celebration,  will  visit  the  Capitol  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Legislature  to-day ; 
therefore, 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  That  the  Joint  Committee  of  the 
Legislature  on  the  Centennial  Celebration  be  instructed  to  receive  the  Committee  of  the 
Virginia  Legislature,  and  express  to  them,  on  behalf  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Penn- 
sylvania, its  appreciation  of  the  prompt  and  patriotic  action  of  Virginia  in  joining  in  the 
commemoration  of  the  anniversary  of  American  Independence. 

[The  foregoing  Concurrent  Resolution,  originating  in  the  Senate  April  6,  1871,  was  read, 
considered,  and  concurred  in  by  the  House  of  Representatives  on  the  same  day.] 


RESOLUTION    OF    THE    HOUSE    OF    REPRESENTATIVES   OF    PENNSYL- 
VANIA. 

April  6,  1871. 

Whereas,  The  Select  Joint  Committee  of  the  Virginia  Legislature,  appointed  to  confer 
with  the  authorities  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  relative  to  the  Cen- 
tennial Celebration,  has  visited  the  capital  of  the  State ;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  courtesies  of  this  House  are  hereby  extended  to  said  Joint  Com- 
mittee, and  a  committee  of  two  be  appointed  by  the  Chair  to  wait  upon  the  members  of  said 
Committee,  and  invite  them  to  the  privileges  of  the  floor. 

[  Ordered,  That  Messrs.  Reinochl  and  Boileau  be  the  said  Committee.] 


CONCURRENT  RESOLUTION  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

May  3,  1871. 

Resolved  (if  the  Senate  concur),  That  there  be  three  additional  members  of  each  House 
added  to  the  Centenary  Commission,  appointed  by  the  Speaker,  to  confer  with  other  States 
on  the  subject  of  the  Centenary  anniversary  to  be  holden  in  Philadelphia. 

[The  foregoing  concurrent  resolution,  having  originated  in  and  passed  the  House  of 
Representatives  May  3,  1871,  was  read,  considered,  and  concurred  in  by  the  Senate  on  the 
same  day.] 


EXTRACT  FROM  AN  ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  May  27,  1871. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  Government  and  other  general  and 
specific  appropriations  for  the  year  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy- one. 

#  *  -fr******** 

SECTION  662.  *  *  *  For  the  expenses  of  the   Committee    created   under  the   Joint 

Resolution,  approved  March  the  eighth,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-one,  in 

relation  to  the  Centennial  Celebration  at  Philadelphia,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 

seventy-six,  five  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  to  be  paid  on 


APPENDIX  D.  201 

warrants  drawn  by  the  Governor  and  attested  by  the  Speakers  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  State  action. 
Representatives ;  and  the  State  Treasurer  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  pay  the  same  Pennsylvania, 
on  said  orders. 

*  *********  * 

JAMES    H.WEBB,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
WILLIAM  A.  WALLACE,  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 
Approved  the  2;th  day  of  May,  A.D.  1871. 

JNO.  W.  GEARY. 


RESOLUTION   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Resolved  (if  the  House  of  Representatives  concur),  That  there  be  three  additional  mem- 
bers of  each  House  added  to  the  Centenary  Commission,  appointed  to  confer  with  other 
States  on  the  subject  of  the  Centenary  anniversary,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
two  members  of  each  House  to  be  appointed  by  the  Speakers,  and  they,  with  the  Speakers 
of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  shall  constitute  said  additional  members. 

[The  foregoing  resolution  was  agreed  to  in  the  Senate  on  March  8,  1872,  and  was  read, 
considered,  and  concurred  in  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  March  29,  1872.] 


JOINT  RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  April  3,  1872. 
JOINT  RESOLUTION  ratifying  the  appointment  of  additional  members  of  the  Senate  and 

House  of  Representatives  upon  the  Centenary  Commission. 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  General  Assembly  mett  That  the  appointment  of  the  Senators  and  members  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  appointed  under  resolution  of  the  House  of  May  third,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-one,  and  of  the  Senate  of  May  third,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  seventy-one,  authorizing  the  appointment  of  additional  members  of  the 
Centenary  Commission,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  ratified  and  confirmed. 

WILLIAM    ELLIOTT,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
JAMES   S.  RUTAN,  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  third  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-two. 

JNO.  W.  GEARY. 

EXTRACT  FROM   AN  ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  April  3,  1872. 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  Government  and  other  general  and 

specific  appropriations  for  the  year  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 

seventy-two. 

**********  * 

SECTION  59.  *  *  *  For  the  expenses  and  contingencies  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Centennial  Celebration,  ten  thousand  dollars,  to  be  paid  on  the  certificate  of  the  Governor 
of  the  Commonwealth. 

**********  * 

WILLIAM    ELLIOTT,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
JAMES   S.  RUTAN,  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  third  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy- 
two. 

JOHN   W.  GEARY. 


202  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  W.   GEARY. 

Pennsylvania. 

January,  1873. 

On  the  fourth  of  July,  1876,  the  nation  will  have  completed  the  first  century  of  its 
existence.  The  design  to  celebrate  that  great  event  in  a  becoming  manner  doubtless  com- 
mends itself  alike  to  your  intelligent  appreciation  of  the  blessings  of  liberty  and  independ- 
ence, and  your  highest  sentiments  of  patriotic  pride  and  gratitude. 

Already  the  preliminary  £teps  of  the  design  have  been  taken,  and  toward  its  happy 
realization  the  people  of  the  entire  country  are  looking  with  profound  interest  and  pleasure. 
By  a  combination  of  circumstances,  well  known  in  history,  in  the  metropolis  of  our  State 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  proclaimed,  and  the  Constitution  subsequently  adopted. 
That  city  has,  therefore,  very  naturally  been  selected  as  the  scene  of  the  proposed  Centen- 
nial Celebration  and  International  Exhibition. 

A  popular  manifestation  of  this  kind  should  correspond  to  the  character  of  the  event  to 
be  celebrated.  It  will  be  the  first  Centennial  celebration  of  our  national  existence, — the 
greatest  event  that  can  possibly  occur  in  the  lifetime  of  any  living  American ;  it  will  be  the 
first  International  Exhibition  ever  given  in  honor  of  republican  government,  and  will  exhibit 
the  effect  of  our  institutions  in  promoting  wealth,  intelligence,  and  happiness.  The  cere- 
monies of  this  unprecedented  occasion  should  be  noted  for  spontaneous  enthusiasm,  universal 
enlistment  of  popular  sentiment,  and  a  more  impressive  grandeur  than  has  ever  heretofore 
been  witnessed.  The  enterprise  which  cannot  fail  to  interest  the  whole  country  must  prove 
unusually  attractive  to  Philadelphians,  and  scarcely  less  so  to  the  whole  people  of  the 
Commonwealth ;  and  it  is  certainly  to  be  expected  that  they  will  be  peculiarly  distinguished 
for  earnestness  and  zeal  in  its  support.  The  city  having  thus  far  borne  all  the  expenses 
attending  the  organization  and  meetings  of  the  United  States  Commissioners,  and  having 
extended  to  them  graceful  courtesies  and  liberal  hospitality,  it  may  be  well  now  to  consider 
what  the  State  may  do  to  advance  the  cause,  and  what  further  action  or  aid  in  the  premises 
may  be  expected  from  the  General  Government. 

Naturally  desiring  to  have  no  financial  trusts  in  this  connection,  and  feeling  the  need 
of  an  executive  arm  capable  of  performing  the  many  business  functions  essential  to  the 
success  of  the  undertaking,  the  National  Commissioners  asked  Congress  to  authorize  the 
organization  of  a  corporation  under  the  title  of  the  "  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,"  with 
a  capital  stock  amounting  to  ten  million  dollars,  divided  into  shares  of  ten  dollars  each, 
with  the  power  of  acquiring  and  holding  such  real  and  personal  estate  as  may  be  needed  in 
carrying  into  effect  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871. 

An  Act  embodying  these  privileges  was  promptly  passed  by  Congress,  June  I,  1871,  and 
under  it  books  for  the  subscription  of  the  stock  have  been  opened  in  each  State  and  Ter- 
ritory, and  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Finance  will  probably  be  completed  before  the 
adjournment  of  the  Legislature.  The  quota  of  stock  allotted  to  Pennsylvania  will  be 
promptly  taken,  and  more  than  this  its  people  cannot  do  until  the  hundred  days  prior  to  the 
organization  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  in  which  the  subscription  books  are  required  to  be 
kept  open  in  each  State  and  Territory,  shall  have  elapsed ;  after  which  time  any  stock  not 
taken  should,  if  not  called  for  by  others,  be  promptly  subscribed  by  our  citizens.  Under 
the  eleventh  article  of  the  Constitution,  the  State  is  prohibited  from  subscribing  for  stocks 
or  lending  its  credit  for  any  other  object  than  the  payment  of  its  own  debt,  or  for  the  pur- 
pose of  military  defense.  But  it  can  and  should  make  such  a  special  donation  as  would 
inspire  popular  confidence,  excite  the  emulation  of  other  States,  and  insure  the  prompt 
commencement  of  the  work  upon  a  scale  commensurate  with  its  importance.  The  eighth 
section  of  the  original  Act  of  Congress  authorizing  the  Exhibition  provides  "  that  whenever 
the  President  shall  be  informed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  that  provision 
has  been  made  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings  for  the  purpose,  and  for  the  exclusive 
control  of  the  Commission  herein  provided  for,  of  the  proposed  Exhibition,  the  President 
shall,  through  the  Department  of  State,  make  proclamation  of  the  same,  setting  forth  the 


APPENDIX  D. 


203 


time  at  which  the  Exhibition  will  open,  and  the  place  at  which  it  shall  be  held;  and  he  State  action, 
shall  communicate  to  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  all  nations  copies  of  the  same,  p' 
together  with  such  regulations  as  may  be  adopted  by  the  Commissioners,  for  publication  in 
their  respective  countries." 

The  provisions  authorizing  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Finance,  and  the  formal 
proclamation  of  the  national  and  international  character  of  the  Exhibition,  is  deferred  until 
the  Governor  of  this  Commonwealth  can  make  the  required  report  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States.  I  would,  therefore,  recommend  to  your  honorable  bodies  to  make  a  suffi- 
cient appropriation  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings  for  hold- 
ing the  Exhibition,  to  be  under  the  control  of  the  National  Commission  in  accordance  with 
the  Act  of  Congress. 

I  would  further  recommend  that  your  "Committee  on  Federal  Relations"  consider  the 
propriety  of  asking  Congress  to  make  an  appropriation  for  such  necessary  expenses  of  the 
National  Commissioners  as  will  enable  them  to  work  with  efficiency.  The  members  are 
national  officers  charged  with  a  trust  of  great  responsibility,  and  engaged  in  an  enterprise 
in  which  the  reputation  of  the  country  is  directly  involved.  Our  Government,  which  ex- 
pended a  large  sum  of  money  in  promoting  the  Paris  Exhibition,  certainly  will  not  treat 
the  agents  to  whom  it  has  committed  the  task  of  preparing  a  memorial  of  its  birth  upon  its 
own  soil,  in  the  form  of  an  International  Exhibition  of  the  Arts  of  Modern  Civilization, 
with  such  parsimony  as  would  deprive  them  of  their  proper  influence,  dignity,  and  inde- 
pendence. 

The  State  Commissioners  heretofore  appointed  under  the  Acts  of  the  Legislature  have 
made  no  report  of  their  transactions,  and  may  not  have  yet  found  their  sphere  of  useful- 
ness. They  can  render  much  service  to  the  United  States  Commissioners  and  to  the  Board 
of  Finance  by  obtaining  subscriptions  of  stock,  and  promoting  such  organization  of  the  in- 
dustries of  the  State  as  would  contribute  to  the  success  of  the  Exhibition,  and  present  an 
appropriate  display  of  the  wealth  and  resources  of  the  Commonwealth.  This  great  na- 
tional enterprise  appeals  as  well  to  local  pride  as  to  common  patriotism ;  it  must  be  suc- 
cessful,— the  nation  has  decreed  it ;  and  since  to  Pennsylvania  has  been  assigned  the  honor 
of  having  the  Celebration  take  place  on  her  soil,  she  must  and  will  see  to  it  that  it  shall  not 
fail.  I,  therefore,  earnestly  solicit  for  it  not  only  your  aid  but  also  the  thoughtful  and  zeal- 
ous support  of  all  social,  industrial,  scientific,  educational,  and  religious  associations,  and 
that  of  all  good  citizens  who  have  at  heart  the  honor,  perpetuity,  and  happiness  of  our 
common  country. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  INAUGURAL  ADDRESS  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN 

F.  HARTRANFT. 

January  21,  1873. 

The  necessity  for  immediate  action  on  the  part  of  our  people  to  insure  the  success  of  the 
Centennial  Exhibition  must  be  realized  by  every  thinking  man.  Its  failure  will  be  to  our 
lasting  shame ;  its  success  must  redound  to  the  honor  and  permanent  benefit  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. Located  in  our  metropolis,  which  is  fast  moving  to  the  front  of  the  manufac- 
turing cities  of  the  world,  affording  an  opportunity  to  display  the  products  and  resources 
of  our  State,  and  opening  to  foreigners  new  channels  of  information  as  to  our  character 
and  enterprises,  it  certainly  is  the  imperative  duty  of  every  citizen  who  loves  his  State  to 
lend  his  countenance  and  support  to  this  great  Exhibition.  The  dignity  and  good  name  of 
the  Commonwealth  are  at  stake.  Let  us  not  forfeit  these  by  a  lack  of  public  spirit  or  by 
mistaken  economy.  Any  proper  plan  the  Legislature  may  see  fit  to  adopt  to  aid  this  national 
undertaking  shall  receive  the  hearty  concurrence  of  the  Executive. 


204  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  RESOLUTION   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Resolved  (if  the  House  of  Representatives  concur),  That  both  branches  of  the  Legisla- 
ture shall  meet  informally  in  the  hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives  at  seven  and  a  half 
o'clock  this  evening,  to  hear  the  Committee  from  the  National  Centennial  Commission. 

[The  foregoing  resolution,  originating  in  and  passing  the  Senate,  was  concurred  in  by 
the  House  of  Representatives,  and  adopted  January  28,  1873.] 


ACT   OF   THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  March  27,  1873. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  a  permanent  Centennial  Exhibition  building  for  the  people  of  the. 
Commonwealth  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That  the  sum  of  one  million  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereby,  appropriated  for  the  erection  of  a  permanent  Centennial  Exhibition  building  for  the 
people  of  this  Commonwealth  and  for  the  use  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  American 
Independence,  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  in- 
corporated by  Act  of  Congress,  to  be  paid,  however,  only  as  hereinafter  provided.  No  larger 
sum  than  shall  be  received  into  the  State  Treasury  on  account  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary 
fund  hereinafter  provided  for  shall  be  paid  by  the  State  Treasurer  on  account  of  the  permanent 
Centennial  Exhibition  building,  during  the  present  year,  and  not  exceeding  three  hundred 
thousand  dollars  shall  be  paid  of  the  amount  hereby  appropriated  during  the  year  Anno 
Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-four,  and  not  more  than  three  hundred 
thousand  dollars  during  the  year  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy- 
five,  and  the  residue  of  one  million  dollars  shall  be  paid  on  or  before  the  fourth  day  of 
July,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six ;  Provided,  that  the  moneys 
herein  appropriated  are  in  no  event  to  be  drawn  from  or  out  of  the  revenue  of  the  Common- 
wealth which,  under  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  State,  are  set  apart  for  payment  of 
the  State  debt;  and  if  from  any  cause  the  revenue  especially  provided  as  a  Centennial 
Anniversary  fund  by  the  fifth  section  of  this  Act  shall  be  insufficient  to  provide  the  whole 
moneys  appropriated,  no  more  money  than  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
dollars  shall  be  paid  from  the  State  treasury  to  the  purposes  aforesaid. 

SEC.  2.  Before  any  part  of  the  money  hereby  appropriated  shall  be  paid,  satisfactory- 
evidence  shall  be  furnished  to  the  State  Centennial  Supervisors  hereinafter  named  that  at 
least  one  million  dollars  of  bona  fide  responsible  private  subscriptions  shall  have  been  made 
within  the  City  of  Philadelphia  to  the  capital  stock  of  the  said  United  States  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance,  which  shall  be  officially  certified  to  the  Governor  by  the  said  Super- 
visors, and  a  sum  not  less  than  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  shall  have  been  appropriated 
by  the  municipal  authorities  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  to  be  applied -to  the  erection  of  the 
permanent  Centennial  Exhibition  building  hereinafter  provided  for,  and  a  contract  shall 
have  been  executed  by  the  said  Centennial  Board  of  Finance ;  and  the  Centennial  Board 
of  Finance  incorporated  by  Act  of  Congress,  with  the  State  Centennial  Supervisors  herein- 
after named,  the  Commissioners  of  Fairmount  Park,  and  the  representatives  of  the  City  of 
Philadelphia,  as  the  authorities  of  said  city  shall  appoint  for  the  purpose,  stipulating  that 
a  permanent  fire-proof  building  shall  be  erected  in  Fairmount  Park  as  part  of  the  Centen- 
nial Exhibition  buildings,  to  cost  not  less  than  one  million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
which  building  shall  remain  in  Faimount  Park  perpetually  as  the  property  of  the  people 
of  this  Commonwealth  for  the  preservation  and  exhibition  of  national  and  State  relics 
and  works  of  art,  industry,  mechanism,  and  products  of  the  soil,  mines,  et  cetera,  of  this 
State,  and  that  it  shall  be  kept  open  perpetually  after  the  year  Anno  Domini  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  seventy-six  for  the  improvement  and  the  enjoyment  of  the  people  of 


APPENDIX  D. 


205 


this  Commonwealth,  under  such  regulations  as  the  Fairmount  Park  Commissioners  and  the  State  action. 

State  Centennial  Supervisors  and  the  proper  representatives  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  Pennsylv»ni! 

shall  from  time  to  time  prescribe;    but  such  regulations  shall  at  all  times  afford  equal 

facilities  and  privileges  to  all  the  people  of  this  Commonwealth  without  regard  to  locality, 

condition,  or  race,  which  contract  shall  be  approved  by  the  Governor  of  the  State  before  it 

shall  be  deemed  valid.     After  the  Centennial  Anniversary  Exhibition  shall    have  closed, 

the  said  Park  Commissioners  and  State  Supervisors  and  the  proper  representatives  of  the 

City  of  Philadelphia  may  admit  into  said  building  the  works  of  art,  products  of  industry, 

et  cetera,  from  any  other  State  or  Government  under  such  regulations  as  may  be  deemed 

just  and  proper;  but  there  shall  be  no  discrimination  between  the  several  States  of  this 

Union  nor  between  the  Governments  of  the  world. 

SEC.  3.  Alexander  Henry,  J.  Gillingham  Fell,  and  John  O.  James,  of  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia, William  M.  Lyon  and  John  II.  Shoenberger,  of  the  County  of  Allegheny,  George 
R.  Messersmith,  of  Franklin  County,  William  Bigler,  of  the  County  of  Clearfield,  Ario 
Pardee,  Sr.,  of  the  County  of  Luzerne,  and  John  H.  Ewing,  of  the  County  of  Washington, 
be,  and  they  are  hereby,  appointed  State  Centennial  Supervisors,  who  shall,  in  addition 
to  the  powers  and  duties  hereinbefore  prescribed,  formally  approve  the  design,  plans,  and 
specifications  for  said  permanent  Centennial  Exhibition  building,  and  report  the  same,  with 
their  approval,  to  the  Governor ;  and  they  shall  formally  approve  any  contract  or  contracts 
for  the  erection  of  said  building,  and  for  materials  for  the  same,  and  also  report  such  con- 
tract or  contracts,  with  their  approval,  to  the  Governor;  and  no  part  of  the  money  hereby 
appropriated  shall  be  paid  until  such  design,  plans,  specifications,  and  contract  or  contracts 
shall  have  been  officially  approved  by  said  Supervisors,  and  so  certified  to  and  approved  by 
the  Governor.  When  said  Supervisors  shall  certify  to  the  Governor  that  the  labor  done 
and  materials  furnished  for  said  building  amount  to  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  the  Governor  shall  draw  his  warrant  on  the  State  Treasurer  in  favor  of  the  Treas- 
urer of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  for  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  thereafter  whenever 
the  said  Supervisors  shall  certify  to  the  Governor  that  the  additional  work  done  and  ma- 
terials furnished  amount  to  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  that  the  money 
previously  paid  has  been  fully  and  properly  applied,  he  shall  draw  his  warrant  in  like 
manner  for  fifty  thousand  dollars,  if  so  much  shall  remain  unpaid,  in  accordance  with  the 
stipulation  for  the  annual  payments  contained  in  the  first  section  of  this  Act;  and  when  said 
Supervisors  shall  certify  that  said  Centennial  Exhibition  building  is  complete,  that  the  full 
sum  of  one  million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  has  been  expended  on  the  same,  and  that 
the  previous  payments  have  been  fully  and  properly  applied,  the  residue  of  one  million 
dollars  shall  be  paid  as  hereinbefore  directed,  but  no  larger  amount  shall  be  paid  during 
any  one  year  than  is  provided  in  the  first  section  of  this  Act. 

SEC.  4.  Said  Board  of  State  Centennial  Supervisors  shall  elect  one  of  their  number  as 
President,  and  shall  appoint  a  Secretary,  who  shall  keep  a  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
Board,  and  file  a  complete  duplicate  of  the  same  with  the  Governor  at  the  close  of  each 
year;  any  vacancy  occurring  in  the  Board  shall  be  filled  by  the  said  Board,  but  no  person 
shall  be  chosen  to  fill  any  such  vacancy  without  receiving  five  votes ;  and  any  of  said  Super- 
visors may  be  removed  at  any  time  by  the  Governor  on  address  of  a  majority  of  both  branches 
of  the  Legislature.  Said  Board  shall  not  exercise  any  authority  or  control  over  the  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition  building  during  the  Centennial  Anniversary  Exhibition,  but  said  perma- 
nent building  shall,  during  such  Exhibition,  be  under  the  same  control  and  direction  of 
the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  as  the  other  buildings  erected  by  said  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance. 

SEC.  5.  That  in  order  to  provide  revenue  to  enable  the  State  to  meet  the  appropriation 
hereinbefore  made,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  July,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  seventy-three,  all  street  passenger  railway  companies  now  incorporated  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia  shall  make  return  to  the  State  Treasurer,  under  oath  of  the  proper 
officers,  stating  the  gross  receipts  of  each  of  said  companies  from  the  passage  of  this  Act 


206  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  until  said  return  is  made,  and  like  quarterly  returns  shall  be  made  by  said  companies 
Pennsylvania,  thereafter  until  the  first  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-seven  inclusive ;  and  with  each  report  there  shall  be  paid  by  said  street  passenger 
railway  companies  to  the  State  Treasurer  three  per  centum  of  such  gross  receipts,  which 
revenue  shall  be  placed  by  the  State  Treasurer  to  the  credit  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary 
fund;  and  all  moneys  paid  by  said  State  Treasurer,  on  account  of  the  appropriations  here- 
inbefore made,  shall  be  paid  out  of  said  Centennial  Anniversary  fund  until  the  same  is 
exhausted,  and  the  residue,  if  any,  required  to  be  paid  during  any  one  year,  shall  be  paid 
out  of  any  moneys  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated.  On  the  first  day  of  April, 
Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-seven,  the  tax  upon  the  gross  re- 
ceipts of  said  railroad  companies  shall  cease  and  determine.  Any  of  said  street  passenger 
railway  companies  which  shall,  within  thirty  days  after  the  passage  of  this  Act,  file  with  the 
State  Treasurer  an  official  acceptance  of  its  provisions,  shall  thereupon,  each  and  every 
of  them,  be  released  from  any  penalty  or  penalties  to  which  they,  or  any  of  them,  might  be 
liable  under  any  proceeding  in  law  or  equity  for  any  violation  of  the  provisions  of  their 
charters  respectively  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  Act ;  and  the  faith  of  the  State  is  hereby 
pledged  to  such  accepting  companies  that  the  legal  rate  of  fares  said  companies  are  now 
authorized  to  collect  shall  not  be  reduced  by  legislative  enactment  before  the  first  day  of 
April,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-seven.  Any  street  passenger 
railway  companies  incorporated  after  the  passage  of  this  Act  shall  also  report  their  gross 
receipts  and  pay  the  tax  on  the  same  from  and  after  they  commence  to  carry  passengers,  as 
hereinbefore  provided. 

W.  ELLIOTT,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
*  GEO.  H.  ANDERSON,  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  twenty-seventh  day  of  March,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred 

and  seventy-three. 

JOHN   F.   HARTRANFT. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  F.  HARTRANFT. 

January,  1874. 

The  progress  of  the  work  of  preparation  for  the  Centennial  is  realizing  fully  the  expec- 
tations of  our  people.  The  distinguished  gentlemen  charged  with  the  details  of  this  vast 
undertaking  are  striving  zealously,  with  great  intelligence  and  industry,  to  perfect  all  the 
arrangements  in  a  manner  commensurate  with  the  important  and  conspicuous  position  our 
Republic  occupies  among  the  nations  of  the  earth.  A  becoming  regard  for  the  dignity  and 
honor  of  the  country,  we  can  hope,  will  now  induce  the  General  Government  and  all  the 
States  to  extend  to  the  Commission  such  material  aid  as  will  secure  this  enterprise  from 
every  possibility  of  failure.  The  City  of  Philadelphia,  whose  generosity  in  different  ways 
in  behalf  of  the  Centennial  has  elicited  commendation  from  all  quarters,  ceded  to  the  Com- 
mission an  eligible  site  in  the  midst  of  her  beautiful  park,  whereon  the  proposed  buildings 
for  the  Exhibition,  the  plans  for  which  have  been  adopted,  are  to  be  erected.  This  site 
was  formally  transferred  and  dedicated  to  its  special  uses  on  the  4th  of  July  last,  in  the 
presence  of  a  large  concourse  of  citizens.  Upon  that  occasion  proclamation  of  the  Presi- 
dent was  made,  wherein  the  Celebration  and  Exhibition  were  commended  to  the  people  of 
the  United  States,  and  a  cordial  invitation  given  to  all  nations  who  may  be  pleased  to  take 
part  therein. 

With  this  act  the  project  became  a  national  one,  and  co-operation  was  invited  and  ex- 
pected from  the  whole  nation  ;  and  it  is  a  pleasure  to  observe  that  the  different  States  and 
Territories  are  earnestly  moving  with  a  view  to  such  contributions  as  will  place  the  Cele- 
bration not  only  upon  a  sound  financial  basis,  but  make  it  a  successful  exhibition  of  their 
various  resources  and  industries.  To  stamp  the  Centennial,  however,  with  the  character  of 
a  national  enterprise,  it  must  receive  assistance  direct  and  substantial  from  the  National 


APPENDIX  D.  207 

Government.     Congress  must  set  the  seal  of  its  approbation  upon  the  work  of  the  Com-  State  action, 
mission,  and  manifest  not  only  an  interest  in  this  great  undertaking,  but  a  determination  P™n»ylvanim. 
that  in  its  proportions  and  grandeur  the  American  Exhibition  shall  eclipse  all  those  which 
have  preceded  it  in  Europe,  as  the  development  of  our  resources,  the  expansion  of  our  grand 
railway  system,  and  the  diversified  employment  of  the  arts  and  sciences  in  all  the  avenues 
of  our  industry  surpass  those  of  the  Old  World. 

Pennsylvania  must  not  neglect  this  opportunity  for  the  display  of  her  rich,  varied,  and 
inexhaustible  products,  nor  relax  her  efforts  to  rescue  the  Exhibition  from  every  mischance 
to  which  indifference  or  distrust  may  expose  it.  It  is  true  her  contributions  have  been  large, 
but  she  must  not  forget  that  the  nation  has  signally  honored  her  people  by  designating  her 
metropolis  as  the  place  for  the  proposed  Celebration,  and  she  must  show  by  renewed  exer- 
tions that  she  appreciates  the  distinction. 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR  JOHN  F.    HARTRANFT. 

EXECUTIVE  CHAMBER,  HARRISBURG,  January  15,  1874. 

To  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH  OF  PENN- 
SYLVANIA : 

GENTLEMEN, — My  views  upon  the  important  subject  of  the  accompanying  communica- 
tion have  been  fully  expressed  in  my  annual  message  to  your  honorable  bodies  at  the 
opening  of  the  present  -session.  I  desire,  however,  to  call  your  attention  to  the  urgent 
necessity  of  prompt  action  on  the  part  of  the  Legislature  to  secure  the  objects  named  in 
this  communication,  so  that  the  great  work  of  preparing  for  the  Centennial  may  proceed 
without  delay,  and  the  proper  buildings  be  erected  and  made  ready  for  the  reception  of  the 
arts,  products,  and  manufactures  of  the  world  in  1876. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 

[The  communication  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  message  is  as  fellows :] 

ROOMS  OF  STATE  CENTENNIAL  SUPERVISORS,  904  WALNUT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA. 

January  10,  1874. 
To  HIS  EXCELLENCY  JOHN  F.  HARTRANFT,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  : 

SIR, — The  Board  of  Slate  Centennial  Supervisors  brought  into  existence  by  an  Act  of 
the  Legislature,  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for  a  permanent  Centennial  Exhibition  build- 
ing for  the  people  of  the  Commonwealth,"  bearing  date  March  27,  1873,  and  embracing 
the  names  of  Alexander  Henry,  J.  Gillingham  Fell,  John  O.  James,  John  H.  Shoenberger, 
William  M.  Lyon,  John  H.  Ewing,  G.  H.  Messersmith,  Ario  Pardee,  and  William  Bigler, 
do  hereby,  in  accordance  with  the  aforesaid  law,  respectfully  submit  the  following  report, 
to  wit :  It  may  not  be  improper  to  remark,  in  the  first  place,  that  the  purpose  of  the  law 
establishing  the  Board  of  Supervisors  was  to  secure  the  erection  of  a  building  at  Fairmount 
Park  for  the  use  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  during  the  Celebration  and 
Exhibition  in  1876,  which  should  be  permanent,  and  should  at  the  close  of  the  Exhibition 
remain  the  property  of  the  State  and  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  whilst  it  should  stand 
through  coming  generations  in  memory  of  the  Declaration  of  American  Independence,  it 
should  be  used  as  a  State  and  national,  and  even  international  museum,  in  which  should  be 
displayed  the  arts,  manufactures,  and  products  of  this  and  other  civilized  nations. 

Over  the  erection  and  management  of  this  building  the  Board  of  Supervisors  are  to 
have  such  part  and  care  as  is  provided  for  in  the  law  hereinbefore  mentioned.  This  Board 
was  organized  on  the  8th  of  May  last  by  the  selection  of  William  Bigler  as  President,  and 
William  Duane  as  Secretary,  and  at  the  same  time  Alexander  Henry,  J.  Gillingham  Fell, 
John  H.  Shoenberger,  John  H.  Ewing,  and  William  Bigler  were  constituted  an  Executive 
Committee. 


208  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  Among  the  duties  that  first  claimed  the  attention  of  the  Board  was,  that  of  approving 

Pennsylvania.  a  Design  and  plans  and  specifications  for  the  permanent  Exhibition  building.  The  perform- 
ance of  this  duty  was  seriously  delayed,  for  the  reason  that  no  one  of  the  designs  brought 
out  under  the  competitive  system  adopted  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  was 
satisfactory  to  this  Board  or  to  the  Commission  itself.  That  presented  by  Messrs.  Collins 
&.  Autenreith  was  in  some  particulars  acceptable  as  to  style,  but  the  size  was  inadmissible, 
and  the  estimated  cost  was  seriously  in  advance  of  the  sum  appropriated  by  the  State,  and 
City  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  erection  of  the  building.  After  proper  deliberation  by  the 
United  States  Commission  and  this  Board,  it  was  decided  to  employ  Messrs.  Collins  & 
Autenreith,  under  the  direction  of  A.  T.  Goshorn,  of  the  Commission,  and  Mr.  Henry  and 
Mr.  Bigler,  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  to  produce  a  modification  of  their  original  design. 
This  resulted  in  the  production  of  a  design  highly  satisfactory,  and  which  was  approved  by 
the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  on  the  i8th  of  December,  and  referred  to  the 
Board  of  State  Supervisors,  which,  on  the  9th  instant,  expressed  its  views  thereon  by  the 
adoption  of  the  following  resolution,  to  wit: 

"  Rtsolved,  That  the  modified  design,  plans,  and  specifications  for  a  permanent  Centen- 
nial Exhibition  building,  as  prepared  by  Messrs.  Collins  &  Autenreith,  architects,  and  as 
presented  to  this  Board  on  the  igth  ult.,  by  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General,  accompanied 
with  the  recommendation  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission,  modified  still  further  by  certain  suggestions  of  the  architects  as  to  the  material 
to  be  used,  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  accepted  and  approved  as  the  designs,  plans,  and 
specifications  for  a  permanent  Centennial  Exhibition  building,  provided  for  by  an  Act  of 
the  Legislature  of  the  State,  dated  March  27,  1873,  the  means  for  the  erection  of  which 
are  to  be  furnished  by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  And  this 
Board,  not  doubting  that  the  $1,500,000  heretofore  appropriated  by  the  State  and  the  City 
of  Philadelphia  for  the  erection  of  said  building  will  be  furnished  as  needed  and  called 
for  during  the  years  1874,  1875,  and  1876,  do  further  earnestly  recommend  that  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission  and  the  Board  of  Finance  proceed  to  contract  for  the  erec- 
tion of  said  building  at  the  earliest  date  practicable." 

It  is  also  proper  to  inform  you  that  the  contract  defining  the  uses  and  purposes  of  the 
permanent  Centennial  Exhibition  building,  and  fixing  the  conditions  on  which  it  may  be 
erected  in  Fair-mount  Park,  as  required  by  the  fourth  section  of  the  Act  creating  this  Board, 
is  in  process  of  execution,  and  will  be  presented  for  your  approval  within  a  brief  period. 

There  is  now  nothing  in  the  way  of  the  commencement  of  the  erection  of  the  perma- 
nent Centennial  building  and  the  prosecution  of  the  work  thereon  to  a  prompt  completion 
except  the  complications  which  have  arisen  about  the  sources  of  revenue,  set  apart  to  meet 
part  of  the  appropriation  made  by  the  State.  In  advising  the  United  States  Centennial 
Board  of  Finance  to  proceed  with  the  work  without  delay,  we  have,  as  you  will  perceive, 
assumed  that  this  difficulty  will  be  so  adjusted  as  to  furnish  the  Finance  Board  with  the 
whole  amount  of  a  million  of  dollars,  as  needed  at  different  dates  during  the  years  1874, 
1875,  ancl  l876- 

Nothing  short  of  this  will  insure  success.  The  City  of  Philadelphia  has  set  apart  five 
hundred  thousand  dollars  for  this  work,  which,  together  with  the  million  of  dollars  appro- 
priated by  the  Act  of  March  27,  1873,  will  make  one  million  and  a  half,  being  the  lowest 
cost  which  the  law  permits. 

We  hope  you  will  not  account  it  out  of  place,  if  a  number  of  your  fellow-citizens 
engaged  in  this  work  as  a  labor  of  love,  that  they  express  to  you  the  earnest  solicitude  they 
feel  on  the  subject.  There  is  still  time  enough,  and  only  enough,  remaining  to  have  the 
Memorial  Building  ready  for  the  uses  of  the  National  Celebration  and  Exhibition.  But  there 
is  no  longer  room  for  delay.  All  obstacles  in  the  way  of  a  prompt  execution  of  contracts 
for  the  erection  of  the  buildings  should  be  removed  without  hesitation.  Admonished  by 
what  occurred  at  London,  Paris,  and  Vienna,  we  are  profoundly  impressed  with  the  im- 
portance of  nmple  time  for  the  erection  of  the  building,  and  feel  it  a  duty  to  make  every 


APPENDIX  D.  209 

reasonable  effort  to  begin  the  work  so  promptly  as  to  insure  its  completion  in  time  for  the  State  action. 
Exhibition.  Pennsylvania. 

And  in  this  connection  it  may  not  be  improper  to  remark  that  the  design  for  the  Main 
Exhibition  building,  definitely  agreed  upon  some  weeks  since  by  the  United  States  Commis- 
sion, is,  in  our  opinion,  one  of  peculiar  merit.  It  is  purely  original,  and  quite  dissimilar 
to  the  style  heretofore  used  in  Europe.  The  building  will  manifestly  be  susceptible  of  a 
high  degree  of  utilization  for  exhibition  purposes,  and,  what  is  also  of  great  importance,  it 
will  be  moderate  in  cost,  and  can  be  rapidly  erected. 

In  view  of  the  prominent  part  our  State  is  to  have  in  all  this,  we  earnestly  invoke  your 
effective  aid  in  securing,  with  as  little  delay  as  may  be,  the  legislation  necessary  to  make 
the  State's  part  of  the  Centennial  work  a  marked  triumph.  In  your  message  you  very 
properly  suggest  that  Pennsylvania  will  be  greatly  honored  in  having  the  celebration  of  the 
first  Centennial  Anniversary  of  Independence  within  her  limits,  and  that  is  true ;  and  she 
should  thereby  be  inspired  to  the  greater  effort  in  the  work,  not  only  because  of  the  honor 
done  her  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  but  because  of  the  greater  damage  that  will 
come  to  her  reputation  should  she  fail  of  success. 

We  can  readily  see  why  some  might  object  to  the  expenditure  of  a  large  sum  of  money 
for  a  temporary  celebration  and  exhibition.  But  the  Memorial  Hall  is  to  be  a  permanent 
and  sightly  structure,  and  whilst  answering  the  purposes  of  the  United  States  Centennial 
Commission  for  the  Celebration  and  Exhibition  in  1876,  it  is  to  become  a  great  national  and 
international  museum,  wherein  are  to  be  displayed  the  works  of  art,  manufactures,  and  the 
natural  products  of  this  and  other  countries.  The  State  might  have  properly  erected  here- 
tofore a  building  for  such  purposes. 

The  Acts  of  Congress  have  given  to  the  Centennial  work  a  national  character,  and  the 
proclamation  of  the  President,  enunciated  on  the  4th  day  of  July  last,  not  only  perfected  . 
this  character  of  nationality,  but  gave  the  Exhibition  a  status  eminently  international,  for  he 
therein  presented  for  the  consideration  of  all  other  nations  the  purpose  of  the  United  States 
to  celebrate  the  close  of  the  first  hundred  years  of  American  Independence,  by  means  of  a 
grand  display  of  the  arts,  manufactures,  natural  products,  at  the  same  time  cordially  inviting 
the  co-operation  of  the  respective  Governments  of  these  nations  in  the  proposed  Inter- 
national Exhibition.  Quite  a  number  of  the  Governments  so  invited  have  already  signified 
their  intention  to  embrace  the  civility  thus  extended  to  them,  and  unite  in  the  Exhibition. 

Under  such  a  state  of  facts  we  are  sure  that  you  will  agree  with  us  that  there  is  but  one 
result  that  can  be  properly  entertained  by  our  people,  and  that  is  reasonable  success.  Any- 
thing short  of  this  will  bring  dishonor  and  reproach  to  the  whole  nation,  and  especially  to 
Pennsylvania.  The  good  name  of  a  people  is  above  the  value  of  money,  and  the  Govern- 
ment must  not  permit  tarnish  to  come  to  the  character  of  Americans  for  no  higher  reason 
than  to  save  a  pittance  to  its  treasury. 

If  the  United  States  fail  to  carry  out  on  a  befitting  scale  what  the  Government  and 
people  have  promised  to  do  in  this  matter  of  an  International  Exhibition,  no  American 
would  thereafter  dare  to  become  an  exhibitor  at  a  similar  exhibition  in  any  other  country. 

The  humiliation  and  reproach  that  would  flow  from  such  a  condition  of  things  would 
be  more  than  citizens  of  the  United  States  could  endure. 

We  close  with  the  remark  that  we  never  have  doubted,  and  do  not  now  doubt,  that  the 
Legislature  and  the  Government  at  Harrisburg  will  do  whatever  is  needful  to  insure  success 
to  the  State's  part  of  the  Centennial  work. 

WILLIAM  BIGLER,  President,  JOHN  H.  SHOENBERGER, 

ALEXANDER  HENRY,  WILLIAM  M.  LYON, 

J.  GILLINGHAM    FELL,  G.  R.  MESSERSMITH, 

JOHN  O.  JAMES,  JOHN  H.  EWING, 

ARIO    PARDEE. 

[The  message,  with  the  accompanying  communication,  was  referred  to  the  Committee 
on  Finance.] 

14 


2IO  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pennsylvania. 

Whereas,  The  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  has  appropriated  the  sum  of  one  million 
dollars,  and  the  City  of  Philadelphia  the  sum  of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  permanent  Centennial  Memorial  Building,  to  be  part  of  the  structure  for  the  Inter- 
national Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876,  and  to  be  under  the  exclusive  direction  of  the 
management  of  the  Exhibition; 

And  whereas.  The  City  of  Philadelphia  has  made  an  additional  appropriation  of  one 
million  dollars  to  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  and  more  than  one  million  five  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars  have  been  pledged  by  private  subscriptions  in  the  City  of  Philadel- 
phia, making  an  aggregate  of  over  four  millions  already  received  for  an  enterprise  that 
invites  the  generous  support  of  the  whole  nation ;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  appeals  with  confidence  to  Congress  to  respond 
to  the  noble  example  of  our  Commonwealth,  on  behalf  of  the  whole  people  of  the  country, 
by  promptly  making  the  appropriation  asked  for,  and  thus  crown  with  the  grandest  success 
this  just  tribute  to  the  beneficence  and  progress  of  free  government. 

[The  foregoing  resolution  was  twice  read,  considered,  and  adopted,  in  the  Senate,  May 
4,  and  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  May  5,  1874.] 


A   SUPPLEMENT  TO   AN  ACT   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   PENNSYL- 
VANIA. 

Approved  May  14,  1874. 

A  SUPPLEMENT  to  the  Act  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  a  permanent  Centennial  Exhibi- 
tion bttilding  for  the  people  of  the  Commonwealth,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia"  approved 
the  twenty-seventh  day  of  March,  Anno  Domini,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-three. 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authoritv 
of  the  same,  That  the  appropriation  of  one  million  dollars  for  the  erection  of  a  permanent 
Centennial  Exhibition  building  for  the  people  of  this  Commonwealth,  and  for  the  use  of  the 
Centennial  anniversary  of  American  Independence,  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States 
Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  incorporated  by  Act  of  Congress,  made  by  the  first  section 
of  the  Act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement,  shall  be  paid  out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury 
not  otherwise  appropriated,  in  manner  following,  to  wit :  When  monthly  statements  shall 
have  been  presented  to  the  Governor  as  hereinafter  provided,  of  the  expenditures  made  for 
the  permanent  Exhibition  building,  monthly  payments  shall  be  made  on  such  statements,  but 
not  more  than  fifty  thousand  dollars  shall  be  paid  in  any  one  monthly  statement,  nor  shall 
more  than  three  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  be  payable  on  such  statements  in  any 
one  year ;  the  United  States  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  shall  make  monthly  statements 
to  the  State  Centennial  Supervisors  of  the  expenditures  made  for  the  said  permanent  Ex- 
hibition building  for  materials,  labor,  and  services  in  the  erection  of  said  building  for  the 
preceding  month ;  and  said  Supervisors  shall  make,  or  cause  to  be  made,  an  examination 
into  said  statements,  and  if  they  shall  approve  the  expenditures  made  and  the  accounts  for 
the  same,  they  shall  so  certify  the  statement  to  the  Governor,  or  if  they  find  such  statements 
or  any  of  them  incorrect,  they  shall  correct  them  and  certify  them  as  so  corrected,  and  the 
Governor  shall  thereupon  draw  his  warrant  on  the  State  Treasurer  for  two-thirds  of  the 
amount  so  certified,  subject,  however,  to  the  limitations  as  to  amounts  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided; and  said  Supervisors  shall  also  certify  in  like  manner  such  monthly  statements  to  the 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia;  Provided,  however,  that  this  Act  shall  not  be  construed 
to  appropriate  any  money  for  the  erection  of  the  said  permanent  Centennial  Exhibition 


APPENDIX  D.  211 

building  until  at  least  one  million  dollars  of  bona  fide  responsible  subscriptions  shall  have  State  action, 
been  made  within  the  City  of  Philadelphia  for  the  Centennial  anniversary  Exhibition  build-  Pennsylvania, 
ings  in  stock  or  otherwise,  which  shall  be  officially  certified  to  the  Governor  by  said  Supervi- 
sors, and  a  sum  of  not  less  than  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  shall  have  been  appropriated 
by  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  to  be  applied  exclusively  to  the  erection  of  the  permanent 
Centennial  Exhibition  building  provided  for  by  the  Act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement;  And 
provided  further,  that  nothing  contained  in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  to  appropriate  a 
greater  sum  in  the  aggregate  than  one  million  dollars,  nor  in  any  event  shall  the  State  here- 
after be  called  upon  or  held  liable  to  appropriate  any  other  or  greater  sum  than  that  herein- 
before provided  for. 

SEC.  2.  So  much  of  the  Act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement  as  is  inconsistent  with  the 
provisions  of  this  Act  is  hereby  repealed. 

H.  H.  McCORMICK,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
B.  B.  STRANG,  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  fourteenth  day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-four. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  F.    HARTRANFT. 

January  6,  1875. 

As  the  time  approaches  for  the  Centennial  celebration  of  the  nation's  independence,  a 
broader  and  more  generous  sympathy  with  its  objects  is  apparent,  while  a  more  general 
disposition  is  shown  to  make  the  Exhibition  on  that  occasion  not  only  a  faithful  represen- 
tation of  our  various  natural  and  industrial  resources,  but  to  manifest  as  well  that  when  the 
nation's  pride,  dignity,  or  honor  are  concerned,  the  American  people  move  with  a  common 
impulse  and  have  a  common  interest.  It  has  been  conceded,  from  its  inception,  that  the 
Exhibition  must  have  the  sanction  and  authority  of  all  the  States  if  it  would  be  clothed 
with  the  character  of  a  national  enterprise,  and  the  number  of  .the  States  that  have  already 
enlisted  in  the  cause  discloses  the  prevalence  of  this  opinion,  and  the  desire  for  harmony 
and  unity  of  action.  The  Centennial  must  be  constructed  out  of  materials  furnished;  from 
the  whole  Union,  or  its  beauty  will  be  marred  and  its  symmetry  destroyed.  We  owe  it  tu 
ourselves,  humanity,  and-  liberty  to  demonstrate  that  the  full  development  of  a  country  and 
its  resources,  the  education  of  the  masses,  the  grandest  achievements  of  science,  the  most 
abundant  fruits  of  industry,  the  blessings  of  religion,  and  the  amplest  protection  to  life  and 
property  can  all  be  secured  by,  and  are  consistent  with,  the  largest  share  of  freedom  to 
man.  We  are  to  show  that  what  the  combined  wisdom  of  ages  and  all  nations  endeavored 
and  failed  to  obtain, — a  system  of  government  uniting  under  its  authority  forty  millions  of 
free  people,  with  no  other  restraints  than  those  imposed  by  their  own  will,  has  had  a  trial 
of  one  hundred  years,  a  century  crowded  with  triumphs  in  peace  and  war,  and  unexampled 
for  the  progress  and  development  of  those  arts  that  are  useful  and  help  adorn  human  nature. 
Is  not,  therefore,  the  interest,  pride,  and  patriotism  of  every  American  engaged  to  make  the 
Centennial,  in  its  proportions  and  grandeur,  a  true  reflex  of  the  intelligence,  genius,  and 
habits  of  our  people,  the  magnitude  of  our  resources,  and  the  benefits^ of  our  institutions? 
This  is  the  scope  and  intention  of  the  Celebration,  and,  if  we  mistake  not  the  sentiments  of 
the  people  of  the  country,  every  State  and  Territory  will  be  represented' in- the  Exhibition 
in  the  manner  that  will  best  display  its  wealth,  industries,  and  characteristics,  and  with  the 
more  comprehensive  view  of  making  the  Centennial  truly  national  and  American.  That 
the  products  of  foreign  countries  will  be  largely  represented  is  assured  by  the  number  and 
character  of  the  nations  that  have  signified  their  intention  to,  contribute,  and  the  liberal 
appropriations  they  have  made  to  provide  for  suitable  display.  There  has  been  no  abate- 
ment of  zeal  in  the  efforts  of  the  gentlemen  in  charge  of  this  national;  undertaking,  nor  any 


212  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Mate  action,  cessation  in  their  labors  to  diffuse  a  proper  understanding  of  its  purposes  and  uses.  No 
Pennsylvania.  apprehension  of  failure  has  ever  seized  them ;  neither  have  they  been  'disarmed  by  un- 
friendly and,  at  times,  unjust  criticism,  nor  deluded  by  plausible  suggestions  that  might 
have  turned  them  aside  from  the  supreme  object  for  which  they  have  striven.  To  their 
talents,  dignity  of  character,  and  untiring  energy  the  country  will  be  indebted  for  a  large 
measure  of  the  success  of  the  Centennial,  and  in  what  remains  for  them  to  do,  these  quali- 
ties should  banish  distrust  and  command  for  them  confidence  and  support.  The  work 
upon  the  buildings  intended  for  the  Exhibition  is  progressing  rapidly,  and  the  structure,  in 
its  architecture  and  proportions,  will  be  a  credit  to  the  nation.  The  space  to  be  allowed 
has  been  carefully  allotted  to  each  country,  and  ample  provision  made  that  the  articles  ex- 
hibited will  be  properly  and  fully  displayed,  while  every  facility  will  be  afforded  for  the 
examination  of  our  own  products.  Philadelphia  is  enlarging  her  accommodations  for  the 
entertainment  of  guests.  The  neighboring  cities  afford  innumerable  opportunities  of  a  like 
kind ;  the  extensive  park,  where  the  Centennial  buildings  are  located,  is  every  day  adding 
to  its  natural  beauty  with  the  contributions  of  art,  with  which  public  and  private  liberality 
is  adorning  its  avenues,  and  the  welcome  accorded  those  who  attend  the  Exhibition  will  be 
in  keeping  with  the  traditional  hospitality  of  the  people  of  Pennsylvania,  and,  we  trust,  will 
reflect  honor  upon  the  whole  nation. 


SPECIAL   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  F.    HARTRANFT. 

EXECUTIVE  CHAMBER,  HARRISBURG,  PENNSYLVANIA,  February  2,  1875. 
To  THE  HONORABLE  THE  SENATE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA: 

GENTLEMEN, — I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  a  copy  of  a  communication 
received  by  me  from  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General  United  States  Centennial  Commis- 
sion, to  which  your  attention  is  respectfully  invited. 

J.    F.  HARTRANFT. 

[The  communication  referred  to  in  the  above  message  is  as  follows :] 
INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

PHILADELPHIA,  January  30,  1875. 
To  HIS  EXCELLENCY  JOHN  F.  HARTRANFT,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  : 

SIR, — In  behalf  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  I  have  the  honor  to  direct 
your  attention  to  several  subjects  connected  with  the  International  Exhibition  of  1876,  of 
great  importance  to  your  Commonwealth,  and  for  which  provision  should  be  made  this  year. 

It  has  already  become  manifest  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  articles  to  be  exhibited 
will  be  provided  for  in  a  creditable  manner  by  the  manufacturers  and  producers  of  the 
several  States.  But  there  remain  large  classes  of  objects  whose  collection  is  essential  to  a 
complete  representation  of  the  material  and  social  condition  of  the  community,  yet  which 
it  is  not  to  the  interest  or  within  the  power  of  an  individual  to  collect ;  of  this  description 
are  the  unwrought  natural  resources  of  the  land,  such  as  its  minerals,  soils,  woods,  vegeta- 
tion, etc.  It  is  so  largely  upon  their  wealth  in  this  direction  that  the  growth  of  States 
depends,  that  this  department  of  the  Exhibition  will  be  critically  studied  by  those  interested 
in  the  problems  of  immigration  and  of  the  investment  of  capital.  On  merely  economical 
grounds  every  State  would  do  well  to  provide  liberally  for  the  thorough  and  exhaustive 
representation  of  the  actual  and  possible  products  of  its  soil. 

Another  department  that  should  be  inaugurated  and  prepared  under  the  auspices  of  the 
State  Governments  is  that  which  may  be  termed  the  historical  and  statistical.  Unless  done 
by  official  authority  there  will  not  be  a  complete  representation  of  such  matters  as  the  history 
of  the  early  settlement  of  the  State,  its  physical  features,  climate,  geographical  position, 
government,  law  and  punishment  of  crime,  system  of  State  and  municipal  taxation,  revenue 


APPENDIX  D.  213 

and  expenditures,  benevolent  institutions  and  charities,  education,  scientific,  industrial,  State  action 
commercial,  learned  and  religious  societies,  agricultural  and  manufacturing  interests,  the  P 
extent  and  effects  of  railroads  and  other  means  of  transportation,  the  history  and  growth 
in  population  and  wealth  of  the  State.     All  these  subjects,  among  others,  ought  to  be  so 
represented  as  to  afford  a  summary  view  of  the  history,  progress,  and  present  condition  of 
every  State.     Unless  this  is  accomplished  the  Exhibition  will  seriously  fail  in  that  part  of 
its  purpose  which  contemplates  a  representation  of  the  nation's  growth  during  the  first 
century  of  its  existence.     Official  resources  only  are  adequate  to  the  satisfactory  execution 
of  the  task  thus  proposed. 

It  is  hoped,  therefore,  that  each  of  the  States,  either  by  legislative  action  or  otherwise, 
will  adopt  such  measures  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  to  empower  existing  organizations 
or  agencies  to  be  created  to  prepare  an  exhibition  of  its  native  resources  and  moral  and 
political  advancement  as  herein  indicated.  A  collective  representation  of  this  character 
will  not  only  be  interesting  as  illustrating  the  prosperity  of  the  country,  but  will  also  be 
of  inestimable  value  for  preservation  in  the  archives  of  the  nation,  as  a  correct  history  of  the 
birth  and  progress  of  the  several  communities  that  have  contributed  during  the  century  to 
the  growth  and  strength  of  the  Union  of  States. 

How  far  your  State  will  participate  in  these  suggestions  is  a  question  that  I  have  the 
honor  to  most  respectfully  submit  and  recommend  to  your  early  consideration. 
Your  obedient  servant, 

A.  T.  GOSHORN,  Director- General. 

[The  foregoing  message  and  communication  were  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Centen- 
nial Affairs.] 


ACT  OF   THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  April  12,  1875. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  appointment  of  a  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for  the 
International  Exhibition  of  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy -six,  and  make  appro- 
priation to  defray  the  expenses  thereof. 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority 
of  the  same,  That  the  Governor  is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  appoint  five  suit 
able  persons  from  different  sections  of  the  State,  familiar  with  the  resources,  arts,  products, 
history,  and  capabilities  of  the  State,  who,  with  the  United  States  Centennial  Commissioner 
and  the  Alternate  Commissioner  from  Pennsylvania,  shall  constitute  and  be  the  State 
Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for  this  State. 

SEC.  2.  That  upon  said  State  Board  shall  devolve  the  responsibility  of  organizing  the 
State,  and  of  securing  its  thorough  representation  in  the  International  Exhibition  of  the 
year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six  ;  and  it  shall  also  have  special  charge  of  the  interests 
of  this  State  and  the  citizens  thereof  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  Exhibition,  shall  obtain 
and  disseminate  information  throughout  the  State  in  regard  to  the  purposes  and  objects  of 
the  Exhibition,  and  shall  generally  supervise  such  details  and  arrangements  as  may  be  re- 
quired for  a  full  and  proper  representation  of  the  products,  industries,  resources,  and  history 
of  the  Commonwealth,  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  that  have  been  adopted  or  may 
hereafter  be  adopted  for  holding  the  Exhibition  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commis- 
sioners. 

SEC.  3.  That  said  State  Board  shall  meet  within  twenty  days  after  the  appointment,  on 
a  call  issued  for  such  meeting  by  the  Governor,  and  shall  elect  one  of  its  members  to  be 
President,  and  another  of  them  to  be  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  who  shall  hold  their  offices 
during  the  pleasure  of  the  Board ;  they  shall  meet  at  least  once  in  each  month,  and  four 


214  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBIJION,  1876. 

State  action,      members  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business ;  they  shall  have  power  to 
Pennsylvania,    make  rules  and  regulations  for  their  own  government,  and  may  delegate  to  the  President, 
or  any  member,  the  performance  of  such  specific  duty  as  may  promote  the  object  for  which 
the  Board  is  appointed ;  vacancies  occurring  in  the  Board  shall  be  filled  by  new  appoint- 
ments made  by  the  Governor. 

SEC.  4.  That  said  Board  shall  make  report  of  its  proceedings  to  the  Legislature  at  each 
of  its  sessions,  and  in  such  reports  shall  make  such  suggestions  as  may  be  deemed  advisable 
for  fully  providing  for  the  complete  and  proper  representation  of  the  interests  of  the  State 
in  the  Exhibition,  and  for  securing  the  hearty  co-operation  of  the  people  therein. 

SEC.  5.  That  the  Governor,  State  Treasurer,  and  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  shall 
constitute  a  permanent  Advisory  Committee  of  said  Board,  with  the  right  to  appoint  its 
own  Secretary,  at  such  compensation  as  it  may  designate,  to  which  Committee  shall  be  re- 
ferred all  communications  from  Governors  or  Executive  Officers  of  other  States  of  the 
Union,  and  such  Committee  may  participate  in  all  the  deliberations  of  the  State  Board. 

SEC.  6.  That  so  much  of  any  law  or  resolution  as  are  hereby  supplied  be,  and  the  same 
are  hereby,  repealed. 

SAMUEL    F.  PATTERSON,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
JOHN    LATTA,  President  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  twelfth  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-five. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 

EXTRACT   FROM    THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  F.  HARTRANFT. 

January  4,  1876. 

Whatever  misgivings  have  hitherto  possessed  the  public  mind  about  the  success  of  the 
Centennial  are  now  happily  dissipated,  and  it  is  evident  the  country  has  awakened  to  the 
conviction  that  the  Exhibition,  instead  of  being  merely  local,  with  which  character  the 
indifferent  and  distrustful  would  have  invested  it,  will  transcend  in  dignity  and  magnitude 
any  of  the  Exhibitions  that  have  preceded  it  in  Europe. 

It  becomes  Pennsylvania,  therefore,  to  bestir  herself,  and  strive  to  have  a  full  repre- 
sentation of  her  resources  and  industries  on  exhibition.  The  Commonwealth  has  made 
vast  contributions  of  means,  and  the  energies  of  many  of  her  best  citizens  have  been  cease- 
lessly devoted  to  the  promotion  of  the  enterprise,  and  she  will  be  false  to  her  best  interests 
if  the  display  she  makes  is  not  creditable  to  her  people  and  in  keeping  with  her  position 
among  the  States.  Every  city,  town,  county,  and  township  that  has  a  product,  whether  of 
the  soil  or  manufactory,  should  take  care  that  it  has  a  place  in  the  Exhibition.  Our  min- 
eral resources  should  all  be  shown,  and  our  iron,  oil,  coke,  lumber,  railroad,  ship-building, 
and  all  manufacturing  interests  should  be  fitly  represented.  Every  beneficial,  trade,  and 
commercial  association  should  have  charts  or  designs  to  show  their  purposes  or  benefits. 
The  collections  of  scientific  and  art  societies  should  be  exhibited,  and  our  penal  and 
reformatory  institutions,  and  those  of  charity,  beneficence,  and  learning,  should  in  some 
manner  illustrate  their  management.  Opportunities  should  be  afforded  to  study  our  forms 
of  government,  public  and  private  improvements  in  buildings,  churches,  bridges,  water-, 
gas-,  and  other  works,  and  every  means  and  facility  furnished  to  the  strangers  to  become 
acquainted  with  the  character,  extent,  and  variety  of  our  products,  and  the  advantages  of 
our  State  as  a  place  of  residence  and  a  field  for  enterprise. 

To  make  this  display  will  require  constant  and  unremitting  work  on  the  part  of  indi- 
viduals, firms,  and  companies  during  the  short  time  that  remains  before  the  Exhibition 
opens,  and  public  and  private  liberality  should  combine  to  effect  this  object.  In  conform- 
ity with  an  Act  passed  at  your  last  session,  the  Executive  appointed  a  commission  of  gen- 
tlemen to  be  intrusted  with  the  superintendence  and  collection  of  the  exhibition  which 
Pennsylvania  shall  make  at  the  Centennial.  To  perform  this  duty  it  is  obvious  they 


APPENDIX  D. 


215 


must  have  financial  aid,  and  when  we  consider  how  vast  and  multiform  must  be  its  labors,  State  action, 
and  the  short  time  left  to  discharge  the  same,  the  sum  allowed  to  defray  the  expenses  should  Penns>'lvani;l 
be  liberal,  and  commensurate  with  the  important  share  the  Commonwealth  has  taken  in 
this  great  national  enterprise.     The  character  of  the  gentlemen  who  were  appointed  is  a 
surety  that  the  exhibition  of  the  State  will  be  all  that  zeal  and  fidelity  to  its  interests  can 
make  it,  if  means  are  afforded  them  to  fulfill   the  purposes  of  their  appointment,  and  I 
recommend  that  an  appropriation  therefor  be  made  at  once. 

In  this  connection  it  is  proper  your  attention  should  be  invited  to  the  necessity  of 
making  provision  for  the  transportation  and  encampment  of  the  military  of  the  State  at 
some  period  of  the  Exhibition,  so  that  suitable  display  may  be  made  of  this  branch  of  the 
public  service.  Several  of  the  States  are  making  extensive  preparations  in  this  direction, 
and  the  military  feature  of  the  Exhibition  promises  to  be  creditable  to  the  volunteer  system 
of  the  country.  The  various  commands  throughout  the  Commonwealth  are  perfecting 
themselves  in  drill  and  discipline  with  a  view  to  this  encampment,  and  I  feel  assured  the 
appearance  and  bearing  of  our  soldiers  will  reflect  honor  upon  our  State.  The  troops  from 
this  State  will  probably  be  encamped  for  a  period  of  ten  days  or  two  weeks  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Exhibition,  to  serve  without  pay,  and  supply  their  own  rations,  but  through  the 
proper  authorities  they  ask  that  the  State  will  furnish  them  with  transportation  to  and  from 
the  Exhibition,  and  provide  shelter  for  them  while  in  camp.  When  we  consider  what  little 
compensation  the  National  Guard  receives  for  its  services,  this  reasonable  request  of  the 
commands  that  will  muster,  numbering  perhaps  eight  thousand  men,  will,  I  am  confident, 
meet  with  your  favor. 


RESOLUTION   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Resolved  (if  the  House  of  Representatives  concur),  That  our  Senators  be  instructed,  and 
our  members  of  Congress  requested  to  vote,  for  the  bill  now  pending,  making  an  appropria- 
tion of  one  million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  to  be  held 
in  the  City  of  Philadelphia;  and  that  the  Governor  be  requested  to  communicate  this  reso- 
lution to  our  members  in  Congress  under  the  seal  of  the  State. 

[The  foregoing  resolution,  originating  in  and  passing  the  Senate  January  13,  1876,  was 
concurred  in  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  adopted  on  the  same  day.] 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Whereas,  The  Hon.  John  W.  Forney,  United  States  Centennial  Commissioner  in 
Europe,  having  recently  returned  from  nearly  two  years'  most  valuable  service  in  behalf  of 
the  Centennial  Exhibition  ;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the  President  to  confer  with  Colonel 
Forney,  and  request  him  to  repeat  before  the  Legislature,  whenever  it  will  suit  his  conven- 
ience, his  address  upon  the  subject  of  his  "  Centennial  Experience  in  Europe." 

[The  foregoing  preamble  and  resolution  were  adopted  by  the  Senate,  March  2, 1876,  and 
similar  ones  were  considered  and  agreed  to  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  March 
3,  1876.] 

[In  pursuance  of  the  foregoing  resolution,  it  was  ordered  that  Messrs.  Jones,  Strang, 
Herr,  Nagle,  and  Yerkes,  on  the  part  of  the  Senate,  and  Messrs.  Talley,  Stotzer,  Monaghan, 
Leach,  and  Huhn,  on  the  part  of  the  House,  should  form  the  said  Committee. 


IN  THE  SENATE,  March  8,  1876. 

Mr.  Jones,  from  the  Special  Committee  appointed  to  wait  upon  Hon.  John  W.  Forney, 
and  request  him  to  deliver  before  the  Legislature  his  address  on  his  "  Centennial  Experi- 
ence in  Europe,"  made  a  report,  which  was  read,  as  follows,  viz. : 


2i6         .  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   2876. 

State  action.  That  they  first  forwarded  to  Colonel  Forney  a  copy  of  the  preamble  and  resolution 

Pennsylvania.  ajOpted  by  the  Senate  on  the  2d  instant.  Your  Committee,  with  a  similar  Committee  of 
the  House  of  Representatives,  then  called  upon  Colonel  Forney  at  his  residence  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  it  affords  us  pleasure  to  say  that  he  has  accepted  the  joint  invitation  of  the 
Senate  and  House. 

The  time  designated  for  the  delivery  of  the  address  is  Tuesday,  March  14,  1876,  at 
eight  o'clock  P.M.,  in  the  hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

HORATIO   GATES  JONES, 
B.  B.  STRANG, 
A.  J.  HERR, 
E.  W.  DAVIS, 
D.  A.  NAGLE, 
HARMAN   YERKES. 

[A  similar  report  to  the  above  was  duly  signed,  and  submitted  to  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives by  the  Committee  appointed  by  the  same,  in  the  above  matter.  Whereupon  the 
following  resolution  was  adopted  on  the  same  day,  March  6,  1876:  ] 

Resolved,  That  the  hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives  be  granted  on  the  evening  of 
the  1 4th  instant  for  the  purpose  stated  in  the  above  report. 


ACT   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  March  28,  1876. 
AN  ACT  making  an  appropriation  to  pro-vide  for  an  educafional  display  at  the  Centennial 

Exhibition,  and  to  erect  a  suitable  school-house  or  other  building  for  the  purpose. 
SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority 
of  the  same,  That  the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated  out  of  any 
moneys  unappropriated  in  the  State  treasury  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  proper  display 
of  the  educational  interests  of  the  Commonwealth  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  be  held 
in  Philadelphia,  and  for  erecting  a  suitable  school- house  or  other  building  in  which  to  pre- 
sent the  same;  Provided,  that  at  the  close  of  the  Exhibition  the  building  so  erected  shall 
be  sold  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  be 
returned  to  the  treasury. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  money  appropriated  under  this  Act  shall  be  payable  to  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction,  who  is  hereby  intrusted  with  authority  to  expend  the  same 
for  the  purposes  herein  named,  and  whose  accounts  are  to  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the 
Auditor-General,  and  settled  in  the  usual  manner. 

SAMUEL   F.   PATTERSON,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
ELISHA   W.  DAVIS,  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  twenty-eighth  day  of  March,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  seventy-six. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 


SUPPLEMENT   TO   AN   ACT  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  March  30,  1876. 

A  SUPPLEMENT  to  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  the  appointment  of  a  State  Board 
of  Centennial  Managers  for  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  and  defray  the  expenses  thereof." 
SECTION  I.   He  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority 
of  the  same,  That  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  to 


APPENDIX  D.  217 

fulfill  the  purpose  of  their  appointment  and  perform  the  duties  imposed  upon  them  by  the  State  action. 
Act  of  the  twelfth  of  April,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five,  entitled  "An  Act  for  the  Pennsylvania, 
appointment  of  a  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for  the  International  Exhibition  of 
the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  make  appropriations  to  defray  the  expenses 
thereof,"  the  sum  of  forty  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated,  or  so  much  thereof  as 
may  be  necessary,  to  be  paid  out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  Board  of  Commissioners  shall,  immediately  after  the  passage  of  this 
Act,  cause  to  be  erected  on  the  grounds  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  a  suitable  building 
for  the  accommodation  and  convenience  of  the  people  of  Pennsylvania,  which  shall  be  fur- 
nished and  provided  with  proper  attendants  during  the  period  the  Exhibition  shall  remain 
open. 

SEC.  3.  That  the  money  shall  be  paid  only  as  required,  and  after  proper  vouchers  are 
filed,  certified  by  the  President  of  the  Board,  and  settled  in  the  office  of  the  Auditor-Gen- 
eral ;  Provided,  that  no  part  of  the  money  shall  be  paid  the  Commissioners  as  compen- 
sation ;  and  at  the  expiration  of  said  Centennial  Exhibition,  the  State  Board  of  Managers 
are  hereby  instructed  to  sell  said  building  and  furniture,  and  return  the  proceeds  to  the 
State  Treasurer. 

SEC.  4.  That  before  any  contract  for  the  erection  of  the  building  shall  be  made,  the  con- 
tractor therefor  shall  execute  a  bond,  with  sufficient  sureties,  conditioned  for  the  completion 
of  the  same  before  the  day  of  opening  of  the  Exhibition,  said  bond  to  be  approved  by  the 
Advisory  Committee  of  the  State  Board  on  behalf  of  the  State;  the  expenses  of  said 
Advisory  Committee,  as  authorized  by  the  fifth  section  of  the  Act  of  April  twelfth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy-five,  to  be  paid  on  the  warrant  of  the  Governor ;  And  provided  further, 
lhat  a  Committee  of  five  from  the  Senate  and  five  from  the  House  of  Representatives,  to 
be  appointed  by  the  Speakers,  are  hereby  authorized  to  act  in  conjunction  with  the  State 
Board  of  Centennial  Managers  and  the  Advisory  Committee  of  the  State  Board  in  the  con- 
struction and  general  management  of  the  building  authorized  to  be  erected  by  this  Act. 
SAMUEL  F.  PATTERSON,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
ELISHA  W.  DAVIS,  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  thirtieth  day  of  March,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-six. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  April  7,  1876. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  canvas,  transportation,  and  grounds  for  the  purposes 
of  the  Centennial  encampment  of  the  National  Guard. 

Whereas,  It  is  desirable  that  the  troops  of  the  State  shall  be  encamped  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  grounds  ; 

And  whereas,  It  is  right  and  proper  that  they  should  be  furnished  with  shelter  and 
land  for  such  purpose ;  therefore, 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority 
of  the  same,  That  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be 
necessary,  be,  and  is  hereby,  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  canvas  for  the  quartering 
and  accommodation  of  the  troops,  the  same  to  be  and  remain  the  property  of  the  State. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  further  sum  of  thirty-five  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may 
be  necessary,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  appropriated  for  the  transportation  and  carriage 
of  troops  to  and  from  their  respective  localities  to  said  encampment  and  return,  and  for  the 
payment  also  of  the  rental  for  the  occupation  of  such  grounds  as  may  be  necessary  for  their 
accommodation,  and  the  expenses  incidental  thereto. 


2i8  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  SEC.  3.  That  the  disbursements  and  drawing  of  such  moneys  hereby  appropriated  shall 

be  ma(je  by  the  direction  of  the  State  Military  Board,  under  the  same  provisions  as  is  now 
provided  by  law  for  other  military  purposes ;  Provided,  however,  that  no  contract  shall  be 
made  for  any  of  the  purposes  hereinbefore  indicated  until  the  said  Board  shall  first  have 
approved  the  same,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  it  may  prescribe. 

SAMUEL   F.  PATTERSON,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
JOHN    LATTA,  President  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  seventh  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-six. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  JOURNAL  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

April  18,  1876. 

Resolved  (if  the  Senate  concur),  That  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  accept 
the  invitation  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  to  be  present  at  the  opening  of 
the  International  Exhibition,  on  the  roth  day  of  May  next,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia ; 
and  that  the  Clerks  of  the  respective  Houses  be  directed  to  communicate  the  same  to  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  to  make  such  arrangements  as  may  be  necessary 
to  cany  the  same  into  effect. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  April  20,  1876. 

AN  ACT  for  the  regulation  of  International  Exhibitions  held  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  "within  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  and  pre- 
venting seizure  of  articles  and  goods  deposited  on  exhibition  thereat. 

SECTION  I .  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority 
of  the  same,  That  no  process  of  attachment,  execution,  sequestration,  replevin,  distress,  or 
any  kind  of  seizure,  shall  be  served  or  levied  upon  articles,  goods,  wares,  merchandise,  or 
property  of  any  description  while  the  same  is  on  exhibition  or  deposited  by  exhibitors  at 
any  International  Exhibition  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  within  any  city  or  county  of  this  Commonwealth ;  nor  shall  such  property  be  subject 
to  attachment,  seizure,  levy,  or  sale  for  any  cause  whatsoever,  in  the  hands  of  the  authorities 
of  such  Exhibition,  or  otherwise. 

SAMUEL   F.  PATTERSON,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
JOHN    LATTA,  President  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  twentieth  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-six. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 


ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF   PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  May  4,  1876. 
AN  ACT  to  make  the  tenth  day  of  May,  one  thoiisand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six,  a  legal 

holiday. 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  attthority 
of  the  same,  That  the  tenth  day  of  May,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  seventy-six,  shall  be  deemed  and  proclaimed  as  a  public  holiday,  and  shall  ba 


APPENDIX  D.  2,9 

duly  observed  as  such ;  the  payment  of  all  notes,  checks,  bills  of  exchange,  and  other  instru-  State  action 
ments  negotiable  by  the  laws  of  this  Commonwealth,  and  becoming  payable  on  said  tenth  Pennsylvania, 
day  of  May,  shall  be  deemed  to  become  due  on  the  day  next  preceding  the  aforementioned 
day  on  which  said  preceding  day  demand  of  payment  may  be  made ;   and  in  case  of  non- 
payment or  dishonor  of  the  same,  protest  may  be  made,  and  notice  given,  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  if  such  notes,  checks,  bills  of  exchange,  or  other  instruments  fell  due  on  the  day  of 
such  demand;   and  the  rights  and  liabilities  of  all  parties  concerned  therein  shall  be  the 
same  as  in  other  cases  of  like  instruments  legally  proceeded  with;   Provided,  that  nothing 
herein  contained  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  render  void  any  demand,  notice  of  protest 
made  or  given,  or  other  act  done,  as  heretofore,  at  the  option  of  the  holder. 

SAMUEL    F.  PATTERSON,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

JOHN    LATTA,  President  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  fourth  day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight   hundred  and 
seventy-six. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 


EXTRACT   FROM   AN  ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Approved  May  13,  1876. 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  expenses  required  by  an  Act  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for  the 
continuance  of  the  education  and  maintenance  of  the  destitute  orphans  of  the  deceased 
soldiers  and  sailors  and  the  destitute  children  of  permanently  disabled  soldiers  and  sailors 
of  the  State." 

SECTION  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority 
of  the  same,  *  *  *  and  it  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the  further  duty  of  the  Superin- 
tendent to  prescribe  the  kind  of  clothing  to  be  worn  by  the  children  of  said  orphan  schools* 
and  to  see  that  each  receive  an  amount  of  the  full  value  of  twenty-five  dollars;  and  he  is 
further  authorized  to  permit  as  many  of  the  orphan  children  as  may  be  convenient  to  visit 
the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  some  proper  time  during  its  continuance,  and  defray  the 
expenses  thereof  out  of  the  money  herein  appropriated. 

SAMUEL  F.  PATTERSON,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
ELISHA  W.  DAVIS,  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate. 

Approved  the  thirteenth  day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-six. 

J.  F.  HARTRANFT. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  F.  HARTRANFT. 

January  3,  1877. 

Pennsylvania  is  indebted  to  the  voluntary  zeal  and  energy  of  the  School  Department, 
seconded  by  efforts  of  educators  and  teachers  throughout  the  State,  for  the  creditable  edu- 
cational exhibit  at  the  Centennial.  In  the  short  space  of  three  months  the  hall  was  erected 
and  the  immense  mass  of  material  suitably  arranged, — a  work  involving  an  amount  of 
labor  from  the  Superintendent  and  his  assistants  which  is  worthy  of  all  praise.  The  Exhi- 
bition awakened  renewed  interest  in  educational  matters,  and  will  undoubtedly  be  the  means 
of  invigorating  and  improving  our  schools. 

I  have  heretofore  earnestly  pointed  out  the  growing  necessity  for  industrial  art  education. 
First,  through  the  public  schools  by  the  introduction  of  mechanical  and  free-hand  drawing; 
secondly,  by  night  schools  for  adults;  and,  thirdly,  by  special  schools  of  industrial  design 
for  all  classes.  Museums,  art  galleries,  and  other  public  collections  are  also  important 
forces  in  industrial  education.  Such  institutions  in  England,  France,  Germany,  and  other 


220  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  European  countries  are  regarded  as  an  essential  element  in  national  progress,  and  are  mostly 
Pennsylvania.  uncjer  the  patronage  of  the  Government.  Intelligence  is  becoming  more  and  more  a  most 
important  element  in  every  department  of  industry.  In  this  respect  our  educational  system 
is  wholly  deficient.  It  turns  out  lawyers,  doctors,  preachers,  and  professional  men  in  super- 
abundance, while  there  is  a  startling  dearth  of  intelligent  farmers,  manufacturers,  miners, 
and  mechanics.  A  few  of  the  States  have  started  forward  in  the  cause  of  industrial  edu- 
cation by  introducing  drawing  into  their  public  schools,  and  providing  museums  and  schools 
of  design.  The  large  and  varied  industries  of  Pennsylvania  demand  a  similar  liberality. 
The  Centennial  year  has  brought  us  the  opportunity  and  placed  the  materials  for  beginning 
at  our  disposal.  The  Geological  Survey  of  the  State  has  collected  a  "  mass  of  specimens 
which  is  now  hid  away  in  boxes  and  wholly  useless,  instead  of  being  a  source  of  instruc- 
tion to  the  people."  The  Pennsylvania  Museum  and  School  of  Industrial  Art,  modeled 
after  the  celebrated  South  Kensington  Museum  of  London,  has  secured  Memorial  Hall  in 
which  to  form  an  art-library ;  special  collections,  illustrative  of  industrial  processes,  and  a 
thorough  system  of  instruction  in  the  arts  of  design  as  applied  to  manufactures,  accom- 
panied by  general  and  technical  lectures.  In  this  they  are  about  to  place  the  nucleus  of  a 
collection  gathered  in  the  rich  field  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  intended  to  promote  the 
improvement  of  American  industrial  art.  I  trust  these  efforts  will  not  escape  your  notice. 
Some  means  ought  to  be  devised  to  make  available  the  rich  collection  of  the  Geological 
Survey.  And  you  will  no  doubt  seriously  consider  whether  in  the  case  of  the  Museum  and 
Industrial  School,  the  State  ought  not  to  extend  a  hand  to  place  upon  a  firm  foundation  a 
work  of  so  much  public  utility. 

The  Centennial  Celebration  has  attracted  particular  attention  to  State  history,  with  the 
gratifying  result  that  this  Commonwealth  has  not  been  behind  others  in  providing  liberally 
for  the  preservation  of  its  true  sources.  The  twenty-nine  volumes  of  Records  and  Archives 
(1681-1790)  published  under  the  supervision  of  the  late  Samuel  Hazard,  the  five  volumes 
of  Bates's  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  (1861-1865),  and  the  more  recent  publica- 
tion of  four  volumes  of  a  second  series  of  Archives,  contain  a  large  body  of  valuable  ma- 
terials by  that  means  placed  beyond  the  possibility  of  destruction.  The  labors  of  the  His- 
torical Society  of  Pennsylvania  in  this  direction  are  worthy  of  especial  notice.  Its  well- 
managed  publication  fund  has  contributed  to  historical  resources  the  Correspondence  of 
Penn  and  Logan ;  the  History,  by  Acrelius,  of  our  Swedish  Settlers  upon  the  Delaware 
before  the  Time  of  Penn ;  Heckewelder's  Indian  Nations ;  and  the  Historical  Map  of 
Pennsylvania,  published  in  1875. 

#*#*»*##"##. 
The  Centennial  closed  amid  general  commendation.  Nothing  can  be  conceived  more 
admirable  than  the  temper  in  which  it  was  undertaken  and  the  manner  in  which  it  was 
carried  out.  In  size,  interest,  and  attendance  it  is  admitted  to  have  surpassed  all  previous 
Exhibitions.  Many  things  contributed  to  this  signal  success.  The  co-operation  of  other 
States  and  the  United  States  and  the  cordial  good  will  of  foreign  nations  materially  aided 
the  enterprise.  But  the  main  cause  is  to  be  found  in  the  untiring  energy  and  zeal,  the  pru- 
dence, judgment,  and  ability  of  the  distinguished  managers,  and  in  the  unexampled  liber- 
ality and  hospitality  of  the  people  of  Pennsylvania  and  Philadelphia.  Throughout  the 
Exhibition  the  utmost  good  order  prevailed,  and  its  associations  have  powerfully  strength- 
ened the  reciprocal  good  will  of  the  nations  of  the  earth. 

The  results  have  been  great  and  far-reaching.  It  has  deepened  and  widened  the  public 
mind  at  home,  and  contributed  to  a  better  understanding  and  higher  opinion  of  our  nation 
abroad.  It  has  been  an  exhibition  not  only  of  the  material  products  of  our  institutions  in 
the  necessities,  comforts,  and  luxuries  of  civilized  life  so  lavishly  displayed,  but  it  has  also 
shown  the  mental  characteristics  which  are  at  once  the  source  and  security  of  the  same  in- 
stitutions, the  patriotism  and  liberality,  the  love  of  law  and  order,  and  the  superior  average 
intelligence  of  the  American  people.  It  has  brought  the  work  of  our  people  into  compar- 
ison with  that  of  civilized  nations,  and  in  summing  up  what  we  have  done  has  discovered 


APPENDIX  D. 


221 


to  us  the  direction  in  which  we  must  proceed.     It  has  crowned  the  century  with  unalloyed  State  action, 
satisfaction,  and  we  can  enter  upon  the  work  of  the  future  with  the  confidence  and  hope  Pennsy|vania- 
derived  from  the  progress  of  the  past. 

The  past  year  was  the  Centennial  of  the  State  as  well  as  of  the  nation.  It  is  natural  to 
review  the  progress  of  the  century ;  to  trace  the  rise  of  the  useful  and  ornamental  arts,  and 
to  mark  the  changes  that  have  taken  place  in  society.  At  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth 
century  the  province  contained  about  four  hundred  thousand  inhabitants.  The  population 
scarcely  extended  beyond  the  Susquehanna,  except  a  few  settlements  that  straggled  into 
the  wilderness  and  held  a  precarious  existence  amid  hostile  tribes  of  Indians  and  the  diffi- 
culties of  communicating  with  the  more  populous  regions.  The  people  were  chiefly  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits ;  a  few  in  the  East  were  manufacturers  and  merchants,  and 
the  rude  distilleries  of  the  West  turned  the  products  of  that  region  into  merchandise. 
There  were  faint  traces  of  the  mining,  manufacturing,  and  lumber  interests  of  the  present 
day ;  and  only  a  suspicion  existed  of  the  incalculable  treasures  buried  in  the  earth.  The 
means  of  disseminating  intelligence  and  knowledge  were  scanty,  and  while  the  higher 
classes  were  educated  and  refined,  illiteracy  was  common  among  the  people.  A  hundred 
years  have  wrought  a  wonderful  change.  The  population  has  increased  tenfold,  the  area 
under  cultivation  a  hundredfold,  and  wealth  almost  beyond  comparison.  Thousands  of 
miles  of  canals  and  railroads  intersect  the  Commonwealth.  Immense  mining,  manufac- 
turing, agricultural,  and  carrying  enterprises  give  employment  to  the  toiling  millions  of  the 
State.  All  the  products  of  the  earth  are  within  our  reach :  fuel  and  provisions  are  brought 
to  our  doors,  gas  and  water  are  in  our  houses,  and  the  news  of  the  world  of  yesterday  is 
laid  on  our  breakfast-tables  in  the  morning.  Thousands  of  schools  and  colleges  are  scat- 
tered over  the  State,  and  the  post  is  burdened  daily  with  millions  of  letters  attesting  the 
general  diffusion  of  knowledge.  The  people  are  more  intelligent,  freer,  and  happier,  more 
cheerful,  tolerant,  and  liberal.  The  charges  of  modern  degeneracy  are  refuted  by  the  clear 
testimony  of  a  hundred  years.  The  cant  of  politics  is  a  willful  perversion  of  the  truth  of 
history.  Comparing  1876  with  1776,  it  is  apparent  that  we  have  advanced  not  only  in 
population  and  wealth,  but  in  freedom,  in  intelligence,  in  morals,  and  in  general  welfare. 
*#*#*#*### 

On  the  whole,  a  candid  review  of  the  situation  will  justify  our  hopes  and  awaken  our 
gratitude.  No  man  can  regard  the  satisfactory  growth  of  this  State  without  feelings  of 
pride  and  thankfulness.  No  man,  certainly,  can  undertake  to  legislate  for  so  many  millions 
and  such  vast  interests  without  a  sense  of  dependence  and  accountability  to  God,  who  has 
guided  the  Commonwealth  to  greatness  and  prosperity  through  the  vicissitudes  of  a  hun- 
dred years.  Invoking  His  blessing  and  guidance,  let  us,  then,  address  ourselves  to  the 
task  of  retrieving  past  errors,  perfecting  past  efforts,  and  devising  just  and  salutary  laws  to 
assist  the  people  in  their  further  progress. 

JOHN   F.  HARTRANFT. 

EXECUTIVE  CHAMBER,  HARRISBURG,  January  3,  1877. 


RHODE  ISLAND.  Rhode  island 

EXTRACT  FROM   THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  SETH   PADELFORD. 

January  2,  1872. 

In  January  last  I  laid  before  you  communications  from  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  accompanied  by  an 
Act  of  Congress,  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American 
Independence,  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products 
of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876. 

.  The  Act  referred  to  requires  that  each  State  may  send  one  delegate  to  prepare  and 


222  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action,  superintend  the  execution  of  the  plan  for  holding  the  Exhibition,  to  be  appointed  by  the 
1  President  of  the  United  States  on  the  nomination  of  the  Governors  of  the  States.  The 
State  of  Pennsylvania  has  also  invited  this  State  to  send  Commissioners  to  co-operate  with 
the  Commissioners  of  Pennsylvania  and  other  States  to  aid  in  carrying  into  effect  the  plan 
proposed.  I  submit  these  papers  again  for  your  consideration,  as  by  the  Act  of  Congress 
the  Commissioners  are  required  to  be  appointed  previous  to  March  3,  1872. 


RESOLUTION   OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   RHODE   ISLAND. 

Passed  February  8,  1872. 

RESOLUTION  providing  for  the  nomination  of  Commissioners  to  represent  this  State  at  the 
celebration  of  the  Centennial  anniversary  of  American  Independence  at  Philadelphia. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  nominated  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  in  Grand  Com- 
mittee, one  delegate,  "  whose  duty  with  the  delegates  from  other  States  it  shall  be,"  in 
accordance  with  an  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  "to  prepare  and  superin- 
tend the  execution  of  a  plan  for  holding  an  International  Exhibition,  and  after  conference 
with  the  authorities  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  to  fix  upon  a  site  where  the  Exhibition  shall 
be  held." 

Resolved,  That  there  shall  also  be  nominated  to  the  President,  in  Grand  Committee,  one 
Commissioner,  who  shall  assume  the  place  and  perform  the  duties  of  the  previously  nomi- 
nated delegate  in  case  such  delegate  is  unable  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Commission. 


EXTRACT   FROM    THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   SETH    PADELFORD. 

January  13,  1873. 

The  subject  of  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States, 
at  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  was  brought  before  the  General  Assembly  at  its  last  January  ses- 
sion, and  a  committee  of  two  gentlemen,  one  from  Newport  and  the  other  from  Providence, 
was  appointed  to  co-operate  with  the  authorities  of  Philadelphia  in  carrying  out  any  plans 
that  might  be  adopted  to  insure  the  success  of  the  contemplated  Exhibition. 

This  Exhibition  is  intended  to  surpass  any  ever  held  in  the  United  States. 

I  have  received  several  communications  on  the  subject,  which  will  be  laid  before  you 
for  such  action  as  may  be  deemed  necessary. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR   HENRY   LIPPITT. 

January,  1876. 

No  influence  is  more  potent  to  heal  the  wounds  of  the  late  war  than  the  personal  meeting 
of  the  Northern  and  Southern  people  to  celebrate  the  glories  of  our  common  country.  The 
most  important  of  these  occasions  will  occur  this  year  in  Philadelphia.  The  arrangements 
are  now  so  complete  that  the  success  of  the  enterprise  is  assumed.  Most  of  the  nations  of 
the  earth  will  be  represented  by  their  products  and  their  citizens.  The  reputation  of  the 
nation  is  at  stake.  The  States  are  vying  with  each  other  in  a  generous  rivalry  to  help  the 
common  cause..  Rhode  Island  must  not  lose  her  prestige  in  the  struggle.  Through  the 
rnists  of  over  a  hundred  years  the  burning  of  the  Gaspee  beacons  the  first  blow  for  freedom. 
The  troops  in  the  Federal  camp  before  Boston,  that  of  all  others  were  marked  by  their 
discipline,  their  equipments,  and  by  their  effectiveness,  was  the  battalion  from  Rhode 
Island,  led  by  Nathaniel  Greene.  Among  the  first  to  enter  Washington  to  defend  the 
nation's  liberties,  armed,  provisioned,  equipped,  and  in  condition  without  a  halt,  to  attack 


APPENDIX  D. 


223 


the  enemy,  was  a  regiment  from  Rhode  Island.    She  sent  Perry  to  Lake  Erie, — and  Barton  State  action, 
to  capture  Prescott.     Our  ancestors  contributed  liberally  to  the  nation's  needs.     Many  of   Rhodc  Island, 
them  gave  their  lives  to  make  the  nation  free.     In  the  darkest  hours  they  persevered,  and 
finally  obtained  for  us  the  freedom  we  have  enjoyed.     They  fought  and  won ;  it  is  for  us 
to  celebrate  their  glorious  deeds.    Something  has  already  been  done  in  this  direction.    The 
women  of  Rhode  Island,  always  patriotic,  have  earned  for  the  cause  many  thousand  dol- 
lars.    For  the  assistance  they  have  already  rendered,  and  for  that  to  be  derived  from  their 
uncompleted  efforts,  they  are  entitled  to  the  greatest  praise. 

Our  excellent  educational  system  should  be  exhibited.  Those  of  other  States  are  to  be 
displayed  with  great  care,  and  ours  should  certainly  be  in  the  collection.  As  we  shall  gain 
by  the  study  of  other  systems,  ours  will  in  like  degree  add  something  to  the  nation's 
knowledge  of  the  educational  problem  of  to-day. 

Some  of  our  manufacturing  interests  are  to  be  well  represented,  and  if  the  others  will 
lake  advantage  of  the  time  that  yet  remains,  we  shall  be  proud  of  our  exhibit.  In  the 
centre  of  Machinery  Hall,  furnishing  all  the  power  for  the  myriad  machines  about  it,  will 
stand  a  Rhode  Island  engine. 

One  of  our  manufacturers  proposes  to  set  up  a  complete  manufactory  in  the  Centennial 
buildings,  and  to  produce  from  the  raw  material  the  manufactured  product  in  all  its  excel- 
lence. Others  will  carry  to  the  Exhibition  the  various  wares  their  skill  has  produced.  To 
give  them  the  aid  that  other  States  are  extending  to  their  citizens,  an  early  appropriation  is 
needed.  It  is  for  you  to  say  in  what  condition,  and  under  what  auspices,  the  State  shall 
appear  at  the  nation's  birthday  celebration. 


RESOLUTION  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF   RHODE   ISLAND. 

Passed  March  3,  1876. 

RESOLUTION  making  an  appropriation  to  secure  a  creditable  representation  of  the  State  at 
the  National  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 

Resolved,  That  the  Governor  and  the  State  Centennial  Commission  are  hereby  au- 
thorized to  expend  a  sum  not  exceeding  in  all  seventy-one  hundred  dollars,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  paying  expenses  already  incurred  by  said  Commission,  and  in  securing  a  creditable 
representation  of  the  industrial  and  educational  interests  of  the  State  at  the  National  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition  to  be  holden  in  Philadelphia,  and  the  said  sum  of  seventy-one  hundred 
dollars,  or  such  portion  thereof  as  may  be  required,  is  hereby  appropriated  for  said  pur- 
poses, and  the  General  Treasurer  is  directed  to  pay  the  same  upon  the  orders  of  the  Governor 
and  said  Commission. 


CIRCULAR   ISSUED   BY   THE   GOVERNOR   OF   RHODE   ISLAND. 


STATE    OF    RHODE    ISLAND. 
Rhode  Island  Week  at  Philadelphia,  First  Week  in  October. 

SEVENTH  OF  THE   SKR1F.S   OF   CENTENNIAL    RECEPTIONS  TO   BE  GIVEN   BY  THE  GOVERNORS 
OF  THE  THIRTEEN   ORIGINAL   STATES. 

His  Excellency  HENRY  LIPPITT,  Governor  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  -vill  hold 
a  Reception  at  the  Rhode  Island  State  Building,  in  the  Centennial  grounds,  Philadelphia, 
on  Thursday,  the  fifth  of  October,  1876. 


224  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,   1876. 

State  action.  EXECUTIVE   DEPARTMENT,  PROVIDENCE,  Sept.   l8,  1876. 

All  citizens  of  Rhode  Island,  and  all  natives  of  the  State,  or  their  descendants,  now 
residing  in  other  sections  of  the  United  States,  are  cordially  invited  to  be  present  at  the 
above-named  reception ;  also,  all  who  are  allied  by  birth  to  those  who  distinguished  them- 
selves in  our  Revolutionary  struggle,  or  are  in  any  way  connected  with  or  interested  in  the 
history  of  the  State,  either  in  the  past  or  present,  are  invited  to  assist  in  making  the  day 
memorable  and  historic. 

All  city  and  town  authorities,  and  the  press  of  the  State,  are  earnestly  invited  to  co- 
operate in  making  the  occasion  creditable  alike  to  the  State  and  to  their  constituencies. 

HENRY  LIPP1TT,   Governor. 

J.  M.  ADDEMAN,  Secretary  of  State. 


VIRGINIA. 

FROM    THE    APPENDIX    TO    THE    MESSAGE    OF    GOVERNOR  JAMES   L, 

KEMPER. 
December  6,  1876. 

COMMONWEALTH  OF  VIRGINIA, 
GOVERNOR'S  OFFICE,  RICHMOND,  7th  October,  1876. 
J.  E.  PEYTON,  ESQ.  : 

SIR, — According  to  the  promise  made  to  you  some  days  ago,  I  respond  now  to  the  very 
cordial  and  flattering  invitation  you  then  bore  to  me  from  the  Centennial  Commission. 

In  behalf  of  the  Commission  you  propose  that  I  issue  my  proclamation  inviting  the 
people  of  Virginia  and  their  descendants  and  relatives  in  other  States  to  meet  me,  in  my 
official  character,  at  a  reception  to  be  held  within  the  Centennial  grounds,  on  the  Ipth 
instant,  the  anniversary  of  the  British  surrender  at  Yorktown.  You  express  the  opinion 
that  such  a  proclamation,  and  the  reception  held  in  pursuance  of  it,  by  the  Governor  of  the 
oldest  of  the  original  thirteen  States,  would  attract  a  vast  concourse,  perhaps  one  or  two 
hundred  thousand  persons  or  more,  to  the  National  Exhibition,  and  would  be  attended  with 
results  of  enduring  and  patriotic  interest  to  the  entire  country. 

Duly  and  most  respectfully  appreciating  the  honor  of  this  invitation,  and  anxious  to 
decide  rightly  every  question  connected  with  it,  I  have  reserved  the  subject  for  a  brief 
period  of  reflection. 

I  beg  you  to  be  assured,  sir,  that  I  am  ever  ready  to  devote  all  the  resources  at  my 
command  to  the  task  of  restoring  peace  and  propagating  fraternal  good  will  over  our  com- 
mon country,  and  I  have  not  failed  to  contribute  the  utmost  in  my  power  to  the  success  of 
the  Centennial  Exhibition  and  Celebration. 

You  are  aware  that  in  my  last  annual  message  to  the  Legislature  of  this  State  I 
earnestly  urged  that  body  to  make  such  appropriation  for  the  purpose  as  would  convey  an 
official  recognition  by  Virginia  of  the  Centennial  enterprise,  and,  at  the  same  time,  insure 
a  full  exhibition  of  our  resources  in  connection  with  it.  That  recommendation  was 
thoroughly  considered  and  finally  rejected.  It  was  thought  the  State  could  not  honestly 
afford  an  appropriation  even  for  such  a  purpose.  This  Commonwealth  had  been  the  prin- 
cipal theatre  of  the  recent  four  years'  war,  and,  in  the  course  of  it,  had  been  scourged, 
stripped,  desolated,  and  trampled  by  more  than  a  million  of  armed  men.  Our  losses  anc 
sufferings  very  far  exceeded  those  of  any  other  State.  Struggling  ever  since  with  adversity, 
borne  down  with  heavy  public  and  private  indebtedness,  and  unable  even  yet  to  meet  all 
the  interest  accruing  upon  it,  Virginia  declined  to  incur  the  cost  of  taking  part  in  the  Cen- 
tennial because  her  poverty,  and  not  her  will,  forbade  the  diversion  of  any  portion  of  he* 
revenues  to  that  object. 


APPENDIX  D.  22  S 

This  adverse  action  of  the  Legislature  was  in  response  to  the  question  I  submitted  for  its  State  action. 
determination.     To  contravene  it  now  would  involve  not  only  a  breach  of  the  faith,  in  Vlrsima- 
which  the  submission  was  made,  but  disrespect  to  the  department  whose  judgment   I 
invoked. 

If  I  should  accede  to  your  request ;  if  the  part  proposed  to  be  borne  by  me  could  avail 
anything;  and  if  our  combined  efforts  should  succeed  in  drawing  to  Philadelphia  such  a 
concourse  of  Virginians  as  you  expect,  then  I  would  be  partly  instrumental  in  causing  this 
impoverished  people  to  spend,  in  connection  with  the  Centennial  and  beyond  their  State,  a 
very  large  sum  of  money  :  whereas  the  same  people,  through  their  law-making  power,  have 
just  declared  their  inability  to  contribute  even  a  small  sum  to  that  object.  I  would  be 
assuming  to  do,  or  to  join  others  in  doing,  on  a  great  scale  in  one  form,  what  I  have  been 
authoritatively  forbidden  to  do  on  a  small  scale  in  another  form.  I  would  be  assisting  in 
the  indirect  application  from  this  State  of  some  millions  of  dollars  to  an  object  substantially 
the  same,  or  cognate  to  the  same,  for  which  the  Legislature  refused  a  direct  appropriation 
of  a  few  thousands. 

Nor,  in  my  opinion,  is  it  right  in  itself  that  I  should  exert  any  supposed  official  influence 
in  stimulating  the  people  of  Virginia  to  increase  the  contributions  they  are  now  making 
with  a  liberal  hand  in  this  direction.  They  are  doubtless  well-wishers  of  yourself  and  your 
associate  investors  in  the  Centennial  enterprise ;  but  whatever  might  induce  them  to  incur 
the  extraordinary  expenditure  now  proposed,  would  serve  but  to  diminish  unduly  the  reduced 
means  they  have,  in  order  to  augment  your  comparative  abundance.  Those  really  able  to 
visit  the  Exhibition  have  gone  or  will  go,  and  their  going  is  very  properly  determined 
without  regard  to  any  movements  of  mine.  None  others  in  justice  to  themselves  can  go; 
and  I  would  not  if  I  could  attract  to  Philadelphia  those  who,  in  view  of  their  necessities  at 
home,  ought  not  to  go  at  all. 

Moreover,  while  such  a  proclamation  as  you  suggest  seems  to  be  warranted  by  usage  in 
some  of  the  States,  it  would  be  notable  in  Virginia  as  extra-official  and  without  authority, 
and  it  would  contravene  rules  and  limitations  which  here,  for  a  hundred  years,  have  been 
held  inviolable. 

In  declining  to  participate  officially  in  the  Centennial  exercises,  I  am  content  to  know 
that  neither  my  presence  nor  absence  affects  any  inter-State  or  inter-sectional  or  political 
relations  or  interests.  Nevertheless,  I  hold  myself  free  to  change  any  of  my  conclusions 
whenever  it  becomes  proper  to  do  so.  You  and  others  inform  me  it  is  proposed  that  the 
chief  executive  officers  of  all  the  States  and  Territories  shall  meet  together  in  Philadelphia 
before  the  close  of  the  Centennial,  and  that  such  representatives  of  all  the  States,  other 
than  Virginia,  are  expected  to  be  present.  In  that  improbable  event  I  would  not  be  willing 
that  exceptional  absence  on  the  part  of  Virginia  should  cause  her  to  be  misunderstood,  or 
should  be  the  solitary  incident  to  mar  the  completeness  of  such  an  occasion. 

Let  no  man  do  Virginia  the  wrong  to  suppose  that  she  measures  the  value  of  the  Cen- 
tennial, or  estimates  current  events,  by  any  selfish  or  merely  material  standard.  It  is  true 
that,  passing  through  a  period  of  embarrassment,  she  recognizes  the  obligation  as  one  of 
paramount  importance  to  enforce  the  sternest  economy  in  order  to  pay  her  debt  and  vindi- 
cate her  plighted  faith  ;  yet  Virginia  is  no  step  behind  her  foremost  sisters  in  patriotic  efforts 
to  advance  the  progress,  the  peace,  and  the  liberties  of  a  Union  now  constitutionally  indis- 
soluble. With  regretful  composure,  without  abating  her  known  spirit  of  conciliation,  she 
beholds  the  untimely  sectional  animosities  and  reproaches  which,  provoked  by  no  act  of 
hers,  have  marred  the  noblest  design  of  the  Centennial  celebration.  All  the  world  knows 
that  no  laggard  heart  inspires  Virginia.  Her  absence  from  Philadelphia  shall  speak  for  her 
with  not  less  significance  than  her  presence.  Standing  beside  her  own  ancient  hearthstone; 
scarred,  afflicted,  poor;  but  with  her  brow  uplifted;  with  pure  and  unfaltering  faith;  with 
unquailing  honor  and  unbroken  pride;  Virginia  speaks  Centennial  greetings  of  affection  to 
all  her  sister  States.  To  Massachusetts  she  sends  greeting  in  the  name  of  the  great  Vir- 
ginian who  first  unsheathed  his  sword  on  Cambridge  Common  as  leader  of  the  armies  of 

'5 


226 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


State  action. 
Virginia. 


Washington 
Territory. 


the  Revolution.  She  greets  the  States  of  the  great  Northwest,  whose  territory  she  gave  as 
a  more  than  imperial  dowry  to  the  youthful  Union.  She  greets  Philadelphia,  the  cradle  of 
independence  and  the  birthplace  of  federal  Union,  to  which  a  Virginia  statesman  gave  the 
grandest  of  its  historic  glories.  And,  in  the  voice  and  spirit  of  a  hundred  years  ago,  she 
speaks  for  a  Union  of  patriotic  and  heroic  hearts ;  for  our  common  liberties ;  for  a  Govern- 
ment deriving  its  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed ;  for  equal  right  and  im- 
partial justice  to  all  sections,  States,  and  men ;  and  she  craves  of  all  that  for  the  support 
of  these  principles,  "  with  a  firm  reliance  on  Divine  Providence,  we  mutually  pledge  to 
each  other  our  lives,  our  fortunes,  and  our  sacred  honor." 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  yours  respectfully, 

JAMES   L.  KEMPER. ' 


WASHINGTON   TERRITORY. 

EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   ELISHA   P.  FERRY. 

October  9,  1873. 

The  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence  will  be  celebrated  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  year  1876,  by  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures, 
and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine.  The  President  of  the  United  States,  in  accordance 
with  the  Act  of  Congress  providing  for  this  Exhibition,  has  appointed  Commissioners  from 
each  State  and  Territory  to  prepare  and  carry  out  plans  for  the  Exhibition.  Hon.  Elwood 
Evans  has  been  appointed  Commissioner,  and  Hon.  A.  S.  Abernethy  Alternate  Commis 
sioner,  from  this  Territoiy.  The  former  attended  the  annual  session  of  the  Commission  in 
the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  May  last.  Considerable  progress  has  been  made  by  the  Com- 
mission, and  from  the  plans  adopted  and  the  general  interest  manifested,  we  have  reason 
to  believe  that  this  Exhibition  will  surpass  in  magnitude  and  importance  every  other  that 
has  ever  been  held  in  this  or  any  other  country. 

Washington  Territory  and  its  productions  should  be  fully  represented  at  this  Exhibition. 
No  better  opportunity  can  ever  be  offered  to  enable  us  to  show  to  the  world  the  products 
of  our  mines,  our  forests,  our  fields,  our  orchards,  our  gardens,  and  the  progress  we  have 
made  in  arts  and  manufactures.  The  Exhibition  will  open  on  the  IQth  of  April,  and  close 
on  the  i Qth  of  October,  1876.  I  earnestly  recommend  that  a  liberal  appropriation  be 
made  to  defray  any  necessary  expense  that  may  be  incurred  to  secure  a  representation  at 
the  annual  session  of  the  Commission,  and  a  full  co-operation  by  this  Territory  with  the 
other  Territories  and  States  in  this  grand  and  patriotic  undertaking. 


EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MESSAGE  OF   GOVERNOR   ELISHA   P.  FERRY. 

October  5,  1875. 

The  attention  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  world  is  strongly  directed 
towards  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  which  will  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  from  the 
eleventh  day  of  May  to  the  eleventh  day  of  November  next.  The  design  of  the  Exhibition 
is  to  commemorate  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and 
to  exhibit  to  the  nations  of  the  world  the  wonderful  and  unparalleled  progress  of  the  great 
American  Republic  in  the  short  period  of  a  single  century.  Whether  Washington  Terri- 
tory is  represented  or  not  will  be  of  little  importance  to  the  Exhibition.  If  we  do  not 
avail  ourselves  of  an  opportunity  which  may  never  occur  again  to  exhibit  our  productions, 
the  loss  will  be  our  own.  Every  State  and  every  other  Territory  will  probably  unite  in 
this  Celebration,  and  it  will  be  a  matter  of  deep  regret  to  our  people  if  the  space  allotted  to 
our  Territory  shall  remain  vacant.  It  is  indispensably  necessary  that  an  appropriation  be 
made  in  order  to  secure  a  full  and  proper  representation  of  the  products  of  our  forests^ 
our  farms,  and  our  mines ;  and  I  earnestly  commend  this  subject  to  your  consideration. 


APPENDIX  D. 


227 


WEST     VIRGINIA.  Suuracnon. 

West  Virginia. 

SPECIAL    MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR  JOHN   J.  JACOB. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT,  December  i,  1873. 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE  AND  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  DELEGATES: 

Under  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for 
celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an 
International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  1876,"  the  President  of  the 
United  States  was  authorized  to  appoint,  upon  the  nominations  of  the  Governors  of  the  re- 
spective States,  one  Commissioner  and  one  Alternate  for  each  State.  For  this  State  I  nom- 
inated in  September,  1871,  the  Hon.  A.  R.  Boteler,  of  Jefferson,  as  Commissioner,  and  A. 
J.  Sweeney,  Esq.,  of  Wheeling,  as  Alternate,  and  they  were  subsequently  appointed  by  the 
President.  Commissioners  and  Alternates  were  in  like  manner  appointed  for  the  other 
States  and  Territories.  And  I  am  much  gratified  to  know  that  the  two  gentlemen  who  were 
appointed  on  behalf  of  this  State  have  taken  a  leading  and  active  part  in  the  Commission 
of  which  they  are  honored  members.  The  Commission  thus  constituted  has  organized  and 
commenced  operations  by  devising  plans  for  this  Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876  on  a  scale 
of  magnificence  commensurate  with  the  glory  and  growth  of  our  grand  Republic.  In 
this  grand  Exhibition,  which  is  intended  at  once  to  celebrate  the  Anniversary  of  our  Inde- 
pendence as  a  nation,  and  our  progress  as  a  people  in  arts,  in  manufactures,  in  agriculture,  and 
in  mining,  it  is  most  desirable  that  West  Virginia  may  occupy  no  mean  position.  With  the 
view  of  having  the  State  handsomely  represented  in  her  products  at  this  Exhibition,  Mr. 
Boteler  recommends  the  appointment  of  agents  on  the  part  of  the  State,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  visit  every  county  of  the  State  and  collect  together  articles  suitable  for  exhibition. 
The  communication  of  Colonel  Boteler  I  transmit  herewith ;  it  presents  in  handsome  terms 
the  objects  and  purposes  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition.  I  also  transmit  a  communication  of 
the  Hon.  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission, 
in  which  he  recommends  the  appointment  of  State  Boards  in  each  State,  whose  duty  shall 
be  to  procure  "  representations  of  the  natural  resources  and  industrial  progress  of  the  State." 
I  earnestly  recommend  that  you  authorize  either  the  appointment  of  a  "  State  Board,"  as 
suggested  by  Mr.  Goshorn,  or  State  agents,  as  advised  by  Colonel  Boteler.  The  letter  of 
Colonel  Boteler  so  strongly  presents  the  necessity  of  some  action  on*  the  part  of  the  State 
that  I  deem  it  unnecessary  to  press  the  subject  further  upon  your  attention. 

JOHN  J.  JACOB. 


SHEPHERDSTOWN,  JEFFERSON  COUNTY,  W.  VA.,  November  i,  1873. 
To  HIS  EXCELLENCY  JOHN  J.  JACOB,  Governor  of  IVest  Virginia  : 

DEAR  SIR, — By  to-day's  express  I  have  the  pleasure  of  sending  you  a  box  containing 
folio  photographs  of  all  the  various  plans,  with  their  accompanying  estimates  and  explana- 
tions, which  have  been  submitted  for  the  proposed  Centennial  Exhibition  buildings  at 
Philadelphia,  in  1876. 

In  transmitting  these  copies  to  your  Excellency  for  such  disposition  of  them  as  you  your- 
self may  prefer,  I  take  occasion  respectfully  to  suggest  that,  in  view  of  the  grave  importance 
of  having  the  numerous  natural  resources  and  diversified  industrial  interests  of  our  State 
fully  and  fitly  represented  at  the  approaching  Centennial  Exhibition,  it  will  be  necessary 
for  the  Legislature  to  authorize  some  suitable  provision  for  that  purpose  at  its  present  ses- 
sion, as  only  two  years  remain  in  which  to  make  the  preliminary  arrangements  for  a  proper 
display  on  that  occasion  of  our  products,  arts,  and  industries. 

Apart  from  those  patriotic  considerations  which  it  is  hoped  will  enlist  the  hearty  sym- 
pathy and  support  of  every  American  citizen  in  behalf  of  an  appropriate  commemoration  of 


228  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Srate  action  the  close  of  the  first  century  of  our  national  existence,  to  which  the  country  is  fully  committed 
West  Virginia.  by  the  Act  of-  congress  and  the  Proclamation  of  the  President,  it  will  be  almost  impossible 
to  overestimate  the  positive  and  permanent  benefits  which  West  Virginia  will  derive  from 
the  contemplated  Exhibition  (which  is  to  be  the  main  feature  of  the  Celebration),  by  making 
it  the  medium  of  proving  to  the  world  that  the  vast  extent  and  variety  of  her  undeveloped 
resources  present  extraordinary  inducements  for  the  introduction  of  foreign  capital  and  for 
its  profitable  investment  amongst  us  in  every  department  of  operative  industry.  The  Ex- 
hibition will  open  on  the  nineteenth  of  April,  the  anniversary  of  Lexington,  and  close  on 
the  nineteenth  of  October,  the  anniversary  of  Yorktown. 

During  the  six  months  of  its  continuance,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  it  will  be  visited  by  ten 
millions  of  people,  that  being  the  number  of  visitors  to  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris 
in  1867. 

No  such  opportunity,  therefore,  has  ever  been  offered  or  is  likely  again  to  occur  for  an 
effective  display,  under  such  favorable  auspices,  of  the  productive  capabilities  of  our  State, 
which  need  only  to  be  widely  known  to  be  properly  appreciated  and  promptly  utilized,  so 
that  it  will  be  worse  than  folly  not  to  avail  ourselves  of  it  to  our  utmost  ability. 

Whilst  the  Centennial  Exhibition  is  designed  chiefly  to  illustrate  the  growth  of  our 
country  during  the  first  hundred  years  of  its  independence,  and  to  express  its  progress  in 
all  that  benefits  mankind  under  the  fostering  influences  of  its  free  institutions,  it  will  not 
be  merely  an  American  display,  but  international  and  universal  as  well,  to  which  the  whole 
world  has  been  formally  invited  to  contribute  in  friendly  competition. 

Your  Excellency  is  aware  that  all  the  principal  nationalities  of  Europe — England, 
France,  Russia,  Prussia,  Holland,  Belgium,  and  Austria — have  held  their  grand  Exhibi- 
tions, each  increasing  in  interest  and  importance  over  its  predecessor,  and  all  constantly 
crowded  when  open  with  intelligent  and  inquiring  observers  from  every  quarter  of  the 
globe.  You  know  what  vast  resources  and  boundless  wealth  have  been  put  in  requisition 
to  make  them  useful  and  attractive ;  how,  besides  the  natural  products  of  the  earth,  the 
creations  of  inventive  genius,  the  discoveries  of  science,  the  achievements  of  mechanism, 
the  triumphs  of  art,  and,  in  short,  everything  that  could  show  improvement  in  the  world- 
wants,  which  could  lessen  labor  of  human  hands  and  lighten  the  load  on  human  hearts, 
have  been  brought  together  on  those  occasions,  which  the  highest  nobility  have  esteemed 
it  an  honor  to  be  permitted  to  manage,  and  which  have  always  been  inaugurated  with 
gorgeous  ceremonies' under  the  immediate  patronage  of  majesty  itself. 

In  the  field  of  these  world- dazzling  demonstrations  the  United  States  is  about  to  enter 
the  lists  and  compete  for  the  palm  of  supremacy.  The  contest  will  not  be  alone  between 
the  great  old  empires  of  Europe  and  the  youngest  born  of  nations,  but  also  between  the 
rival  forms  of  their  Governments;  so  that  if  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  1876  shall  be 
pronounced  a  failure,  the  American  Republic  will  fall  in  the  estimation  of  mankind,  and 
monarchies  be  proclaimed  the  form  of  government  that  calls  forth  the  energies  and  develops 
the  highest  capabilities  of  a  people. 

There  is,  consequently,  every  incentive  to  make  our  International  Exhibition  creditable 
to  our  country,  instructive  to  our  people,  attractive  to  the  world,  and  in  every  way  worthy 
of  the  great  event  it  is  intended  to  commemorate. 

The  continent  is  beginning  to  stir  with  the  busy  notes  of  preparation.  The  national 
Congress,  the  President  and  his  Cabinet,  the  Legislatures  of  thirty  States,  the  leading  cities, 
prosperous  towns,  and  lonely  villages  have  already  taken  action  in  the  premises,  and  it  now 
becomes  a  question  of  pressing  importance  what  part  will  West  Virginia  be  prepared  to  take 
in  the  proposed  commemorative  Exhibition  of  1876. 

Entertaining,  as  I  do,  implicit  confidence  in  the  patriotism,  intelligence,  and  public 
spirit  of  the  people  of  my  native  State,  I  have  no  fear  of  their  failing  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  opportunities  of  the  occasion,  and  of  their  contributing  to  the  West  Virginia  compart- 
ments of  the  Centennial  buildings  very  many  most  valuable  and  interesting  evidences  of 
their  skill,  taste,  and  enterprise.  But  it  will  not  do  in  this  important  matter  to  rely  exclu- 


APPENDIX  D.  229 

sively  upon  the  unaided  and  unorganized  efforts  of  our  fellow-citizens,  who  have  the  same  State  action, 
facilities  of  intercommunication  as  the  people  of  the  States  of  the  Union.  Wcst  Vlr*inia- 

I,  therefore,  most  respectfully  submit  to  your  Excellency  the  policy  and  propriety  of  your 
bringing  this  subject  to  the  attention  of  the  Legislature  for  such  action  as,  in  the  judgment 
of  its  members,  may  best  promote  the  interests  and  honor  of  our  State  in  connection  with 
the  Centennial.  My  own  idea  is  that  at  least  a  sufficient  appropriation  should  be  made  to 
secure  the  services  of  one  or  two  competent  and  energetic  agents,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
visit  every  county  in  the  State  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  therefrom  suitable  specimens  of 
their  respective  minerals,  timber,  and  other  natural  products,  which  should  be  properly 
prepared  for  the  Exhibition,  to  be  accompanied  by  concise  statistical  explanations  in  pam- 
phlet form  for  gratuitous  distribution. 

The  specimens  thus  obtained  from  our  fields,  fruits,  mines,  and  mountains  can  be  re- 
claimed after  the  close  of  the  Exhibition  as  the  property  of  the  State,  and,  if  deposited  in 
the  Capitol,  or  in  the  cabinet  of  our  University,  would  constitute  a  most  valuable  collection 
for  future  reference,  in  which  the  resources  of  each  county  would  appear  and  make  their 
own  appeal  to  the  spectator  in  a  more  forcible  and  satisfactory  mode  than  mere  words 
could  do. 

Knowing  the  interest  that  your  Excellency  feels  in  the  success  of  the  Centennial,  and 
how  solicitous  you  are  that  West  Virginia  shall  not  be  behind  her  sister  States  in  making  a 
creditable  and  characteristic  display  upon  the  occasion,  I  offer  no  apology  for  troubling  you 
with  this  communication. 

I  am,  with  sincere  regard,  most  respectfully  your  obedient  servant, 

ALEXANDER    R.   BOTELER. 


SPECIAL  MESSAGE   OF  GOVERN    R  JOHN  J.   JACOB. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT,  CHARLESTON,  February  8,  1875. 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE  AND  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  DELEGATES  : 

The  International  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  1876,  to  celebrate 
the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independence,  must  awaken  a  lively  interest 
in  all  parts  of  the  Union.  This  Exhibition  will  open  before  the  meeting  of  the  next  Legis- 
lature, and  therefore  it  «is  of  prime  importance  that  some  action  should  be  taken  at  the 
present  session  providing  for  the  part  that  West  Virginia  is  to  take  in  this  magnificent  dis- 
play of  the  productions  of  the  civilized  world.  I  believe  it  would  cause  great  regret  and 
mortification  among  our  people  if  the  State  should  fall  behind  our  sister  States  in  this  Exhi- 
bition merely  for  the  want  of  timely  preparation.  I  have,  therefore,  felt  it  to  be  my  duty 
to  call  your  attention  to  the  subject,  trusting  that  it  may  be  your  pleasure  to  take  prompt 
action  in  the  premises. 

I  transmit  herewith  a  copy  of  a  communication  addressed  to  me  by  the  Hon.  A.  T. 
Goshorn,  Director-General  of  the  Centennial  Commission,  and  invite  special  attention  to 
his  views.  I  also  refer  you  to  a  special  message  and  the  accompanying  correspondence 
made  to  the  last  Legislature,  December  I,  1873;  il  ma7  be  found  in  House  Journal,  page 
333.  These  papers  will  explain  the  objects  to  be  gained  by  legislation. 

If  it  should  be  your  pleasure  to  adopt  the  suggestions  made  in  them,  I  recommend  that 
you  either  make  a  special  appropriation  or  authorize  the  Civil  Contingent  Fund  to  be  used, 
to  a  limited  extent,  to  meet  expenses  necessarily  incident  to  any  plan  that  you  may  adopt. 

JOHN  J.   JACOB. 


230  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.          EXTRACT   FROM   THE   ANNUAL   MESSAGE   OF   GOVERNOR   JOHN  J. 

West  Virginia.  JACOB. 

November  10,  1875. 

During  your  last  session  I  made  a  communication  to  you  in  relation  to  the  Centennial 
Exhibition  to  be  held  in  Philadelphia,  recommending  suitable  action  on  your  part  looking 
to  a  proper  representation  of  the  State  in  this  great  enterprise.  The  Senate  passed  a  bill 
on  this  subject,  but  it  was  not  reached  in  the  House.  A  State  Board  of  Managers,  recently 
appointed,  have  been  actively  engaged  in  the  effort  to  awaken  public  interest  in  the  matter, 
and  in  securing  specimens  from  all  parts  of  the  State  for  exhibition.  They  have  without 
compensation  or  the  expectation  of  compensation  very  intelligently  and  energetically  per- 
formed their  duties.  But  expense  must  necessarily  be  incurred ;  a  secretary  must  be  em- 
ployed, freights  paid,  besides  other  items  of  outlay.  A  very  large  number  of  our  citizens 
will  visit  the  Exhibition,  and  the  Board  of  Managers  propose  to  erect  on  the  grounds  a 
temporary  building  as  "  headquarters"  for  all  citizens  of  the  State  ;  a  place  where  they  can 
procure  without  cost  all  information  which  strangers  in  a  great  crowd  of  people  so  much 
need.  I  deem  no  argument  on  my  part  necessary  to  show  the  importance  of  making  an 
appropriation  adequate  to  the  wants  to  be  supplied,  as  I  feel  assured  that  you  are  in  sym- 
pathy with  me  in  this  undertaking.  From  year  to  year  we  devote  a  very  large  portion  of 
the  revenue  to  the  education  of  the  young,  the  care  of  the  insane,  to  the  deaf  and  dumb 
and  blind,  and  to  the  restraint  and  punishment  of  criminals.  It  will  be  a  small  concession 
to  the  farmer,  the  mechanic,  the  manufacturer,  and  the  miner,  to  the  active  energetic  classes 
who  create  the  wealth  of  the  State  and  pay  the  taxes  in  this  our  Centennial  year,  to  make 
an  appropriation  that  will  inure  to  their  benefit. 


ACT  OF   THE    LEGISLATURE   OF  WEST  VIRGINIA. 
Approved  December  14,  1875. 

1.  That  there  shall  be  a  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  consisting  of  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commissioners  for  the  State  of  West  Virginia  and  five  persons  appointed 
by  the  Governor  of  the  State,  who  shall  fill  any  vacancy  that  may  occur  in  said  Board. 

2.  That  the  Board  shall  appoint  one  or  more  persons  in  each  county  of  the  State  for 
the  purpose  of  collecting  materials  for  exhibition  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  be  held 
in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  1876;  and  it  shall  cause  to  be  printed  such  proper  blanks 
and  circulars  as  maybe  necessary  for  instruction  and  guidance  in  collecting  and  forwarding 
specimens,  employ  agents  to  classify,  arrange,  and  prepare  for  exhibition  all  materials, 
whether  natural,  scientific,  or  mechanical,  which  may  be  available  for,  and  significant  of, 
the  resources  of  West  Virginia,  and  do  all  things  which,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board,  may 
best  serve  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  State  at  the  Centennial. 

3.  That  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  appropriated  to 
carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  to  be  drawn  by  order  of,  and  disbursed  by  the  Gov- 
ernor to  the  said  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  on  its  requisition,  for  the  defraying 
of  the  actual  expenses  incurred  by  it ;  Provided,  that  all  bills  and  accounts  before  paid  shall 
be  audited  and  approved  by  the  Governor. 

4.  That  the  said  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  shall  render  an  account  of  their 
disbursements  of  the  money  so  drawn  by  them  to  the  Governor,  as  provided  for  in  the  last 
section,  who  shall  report  to  the  next  Legislature. 

5.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  from  its  passage. 


APPENDIX  D. 


231 


SPECIAL  MESSAGE  OK   GOVERNOR  JOHN  J.  JACOB.  Sute  action. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT,  February  9,  1877. 
GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE  AND  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  DELEGATES: 

I  respectfully  transmit  herewith  the  report  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers, 
showing  the  operations  and  expenditures  of  the  Board.  The  total  amount  of  expenditures 
was  $21,033.55,  but  there  was  realized  from  the  sale  of  the  building  and  furniture,  etc., 
$1362.02;  consequently,  of  the  appropriation  of  $20,000  the  sum  of  $19,687.53  was  drawn 
out  of  the  treasury,  leaving  a  balance  of  $312.47  unexpended.  I  also  submit  a  list  of  the 
requisitions  made  on  this  appropriation,  together  with  the  vouchers  for  the  same.  The 
report  of  the  Board  is  so  full  and  concise  that  little  remains  to  be  said  by  me.  The  Cen- 
tennial Managers  freely  gave  their  time  and  valuable  services  to  the  State  without  com- 
pensation. The  very  short  time  given  them  to  prepare  for  the  great  Exhibition  required 
promptness,  energy,  and  activity;  and  so  well  did  they  discharge  their  duties,  that  in  point 
of  substantial  merit  no  State  in  the  Union  was  better  represented  than  West  Virginia. 
Some  other  States  made  more  ambitious  and  attractive  displays,  but  none  excelled,  and  few 
equaled,  our  own  State  in  the  exhibition  of  the  solid  and  substantial  elements  of  wealth. 

I  am  well  satisfied  that  the  position  which  the  State  took  in  this  Exhibition  will  result 
in  marked  benefit  to  the  State ;  probably  the  same  amount  of  money  could  not  have  been 
expended  in  any  other  way  so  advantageously. 

The  Board  of  Managers  recommend  that  provision  be  made  for  a  geological  survey  of 
the  State.  I  heartily  concur  in  the  recommendation.  Our  greatest  sources  of  wealth  are 
to  be  found  beneath  the  surface  of  the  soil,  and  I  know  not  how  the  public  interests  can  be 
better  promoted  than  by  such  a  survey  made  by  scientific  men.  The  condition  of  the  reve- 
nue will  not  permit  it  for  the  present,  but  suitable  provision  might  be  made  for  future 
operations  in  this  direction. 

JOHN  J.  JACOB. 


WISCONSIN.  Wisconsin. 

ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE   OF  WISCONSIN. 

Approved  March  3,  1875. 

The  people  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  do  enact  as 
follows : 

Whereas,  By  an  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  provision  was  made  for 
celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  the  Products  of 
the  Soil  and  Mine  of  this  country,  in  comparison  with  the  products  of  older  nations;  and 

Whereas,  A  Centennial  Commission,  consisting  of  representatives  from  each  State  and 
Territory,  was  authorized  to  be  appointed  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  Act ;  and 

WJiereas,  That  Commission  has  made  progress  with  the  preparation  for  an  International 
Exhibition,  to  open  on  the  loth  day  of  May,  1876,  and  to  close  on  the  loth  day  of  Novem- 
ber in  the  same  year ;  and 

WJiereas,  The  President  of  the  United  States,  by  proclamation,  on  the  4th  day  of  July, 
1873,  announced  the  Exhibition  and  National  Celebration,  and  commended  them  to  the 
people  of  the  United  States  and  of  all  nations;  and 

WJiereas,  A  large  number  of  foreign  Governments  have  signified  their  intention  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  Exhibition ;  and 

Whereas,  It  is  deemed  essential  that  Wisconsin,  with  its  vast  resources  in  agricultural, 
mineral,  lumbering,  manufacturing,  and  other  products  and  industries,  should  be  fully 
represented  in  such  industrial  Exhibition; 


232  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  SECTION  I.  The  Governor  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin  is  hereby  authorized  and  requested 

Wisconsin.  to  appOint  a  Board  of  State  Centennial  Managers,  to  consist  of  five  persons.  That  the 
United  States  Centennial  Commissioner  and  the  United  States  Alternate  Centennial  Com- 
missioner shall  be  ex-offido  members  of  the  said  Board  of  State  Centennial  Managers 
hereby  created,  in  addition  to  the  five  persons  authorized  to  be  appointed. 

SEC.  2.  The  duties  of  the  said  Board  of  State  Centennial  Managers  shall  be :  To  dissem- 
inate information  regarding  the  Exhibition ;  to  secure  the  co-operation  of  industrial,  scien- 
tific, agricultural,  and  other  associations  in  the  State ;  to  appoint  co-operative  local  com- 
mittees, representing  the  different  industries  of  the  State;  to  stimulate  local  action  on  all 
measures  intended  to  render  the  Exhibition  successful,  and  a  worthy  representation  of  the 
industries  of  the  country;  to  encourage  the  production  of  articles  suitable  for  the  Exhibi- 
tion; to  distribute  documents  issued  by  the  Centennial  Commission  among  manufacturers 
and  others  in  the  State ;  to  render  assistance  in  furthering  the  financial  and  other  interests 
of  the  Exhibition;  to  furnish  information  to  the  Commission  on  subjects  that  may  be  referred 
to  the  Board;  to  care  for  the  interests  of  the  State  and  of  its  citizens  in  matters  relating  to 
the  Exhibition ;  to  receive  and  pronounce  upon  applications  for  space ;  to  apportion  the  space 
placed  at  its  disposal  among  the  exhibitors  from  the  State,  and  to  supervise  such  other  details 
relating  to  the  representation  of  citizens  of  Wisconsin  in  the  Exhibition  as  may  from  time 
to  time  be  delegated  to  it  by  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission. 

SEC.  3.  The  Board  of  State  Centennial  Managers  hereby  created  shall  meet  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  April,  1875,  at  the  Capitol,  in  Madison,  and  organize  by  electing  one  of  its 
members  President  of  the  Board,  and  by  the  election  of  a  Secretary  and  such  other  officers, 
and  by  the  adoption  of  such  by-laws  and  regulations  for  its  government  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  work  committed  to  its  charge. 

SEC.  4.  The  members  of  the  Board  of  State  Centennial  Managers  provided  for  in  the 
first  section  of  this  Act  shall  receive  from  the  State  no  compensation  for  their  services.  The 
expenses  necessarily  incurred  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  imposed  on  said  Board  of  State 
Centennial  Managers  in  the  transaction  of  its  business,  procuring  printing,  etc.,  shall  be 
paid  by  the  State,  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  two  thousand  dollars.  No  account  shall  be 
allowed  and  paid  until  an  itemized  bill  shall  be  presented  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  by 
him  examined;  and  if  in  his  estimation  the  expenditures  charged  for  are  just,  reasonable, 
and  proper,  he  shall  audit  such  account,  and  draw  his  warrant  upon  the  State  Treasurer  for 
the  payment  of  the  same. 

SEC.  5.  There  is  hereby  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  State  treasury,  not  other- 
wise appropriated,  a  sufficient  sum  to  pay  the  drafts  provided  for  in  the  preceding  section 
of  this  Act;  Provided,  however,  that  the  whole  amount  drawn  under  the  provisions  of  this 
Act  shall  not  exceed  two  thousand  dollars. 

SEC.  6.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage  and 
publication. 

Approved  March  3,  1875. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  HARRISON  LUDINGTON. 

January  13,  1876. 

You  will  recognize  the  importance  of  providing  for  the  adequate  representation  of 
Wisconsin  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  which  is  to  take  place  at  Philadelphia  during  the 
present  year,  both  as  a  matter  of  State  pride  and  for  more  substantial  considerations.  The 
occasion  will  afford  an  excellent  opportunity  to  display  the  resources  and  products  of  the 
State,  and  to  attract  hither  capital  and  immigration.  Nearly  all  of  the  States  have  appro- 
priated liberal  sums  for  the  purpose,  and  Wisconsin  should  be  creditably  represented,  or 
not  at  all.  I  submit  to  your  generosity  and  patriotism  to  appropriate  such  an  amount  as 
shall  seem  to  you  to  be  sufficient,  to  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial 
Managers,  leaving  it  to  them  to  determine  how  it  shall  be  expended. 


APPENDIX  D.  233 

ACT  OF  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  WISCONSIN.  State  action. 

Wisconsin. 
Approved  March  3,  1876. 

The  people  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  do  enact  as 
follows  : 

SECTION  I.  There  is  hereby  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  State  Board  of  Centennial 
Managers,  out  of  any  money  in  the  general  fund  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of 
twenty  thousand  dollars,  to  be  drawn  from  the  State  treasury  on  the  proper  draft  or  voucher 
of  said  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers,  as  the  same  may  be  from  time  to  time  needed 
for  the  purpose  of  arranging  for  and  making  a  proper  exhibition  of  the  products,  resources, 
and  advantages  of  the  State  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  from  May  10  to 
November  10,  1876.  The  Stale  Treasurer  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin  is  hereby  made  ex 
officio  a  member  of  said  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  and  the  Treasurer  thereof, 
and  in  no  event  shall  the  State  be  liable  for  expenditures  incurred  in  behalf  of  said  Exhibi- 
tion to  a  greater  amount  than  has  been,  and  is  here,  appropriated ;  Provided,  that  no  pur- 
chase shall  be  made  for  the  said  Exhibition  on  behalf  of  the  State,  by  the  said  Board  of 
Centennial  Managers,  without  the  same  being  first  approved  by  the  Governor;  Provided 
further,  that  all  accounts  shall  require  the  approval  of  the  Governor  before  presentation 
for  payment. 

SEC.  2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  Board  of  Managers  to  securely  keep,  and  safely 
return  to  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  all  articles  that  may  be  purchased  or  procured  by  said 
Board  and  taken  from  the  State  for  such  Exhibition,  to  be  deposited  in  such  departments 
of  the  State  Capitol  or  other  public  buildings  as  the  Legislature  of  1877  may  direct.  The 
Superintendent  of  Public  Property  shall  receive,  receipt  for,  and  safely  keep,  all  articles  so 
returned,  subject  to  the  disposition  of  the  said  Legislature  of  1877. 

SEC.  3.  The  said  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  shall  make  a  detailed  report  to  the 
Legislature  of  1877  of  all  expenditures  incurred  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  and  file 
all  accounts,  vouchers,  records,  and  papers  connected  with  their  management,  as  soon  after 
the  loth  day  of  November,  1876,  as  possible,  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  Said 
Boa'rd  of  Centennial  Managers  shall  also  report  to  the  Legislature  of  1877  a  full  and  com- 
plete list  of  the  articles  taken  or  exhibited  at  the  said  Exhibition  from  Wisconsin,  and 
returned  to  the  State  as  in  this  Act  provided. 

SEC.  4.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage  and 
publication. 


DAKOTA.  Dakota 

PROCLAMATION   OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  L.  PENNINGTON. 
February  16,  1874. 

Whereas,  By  an  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  provision  is  made  for  the 
national  celebration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United 
States,  by  the  holding  of  an  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil 
and  Mine  ;  and  a  proclamation  was  issued  by  the  President  July  4,  1873,  announcing  the 
Exhibition  and  National  Celebration,  commending  them  to  the  people  of  the  United  States 
and  of  all  nations ; 

And  whereas,  The  Act  of  Congress  provided  for  the  organization  of  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission,  "  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  prepare  and  superintend  the  execution 
of  a  plan  for  holding  the  Exhibition;" 

And  whereas,  Upon  the  nomination  of  the  Governors,  the  President  has  appointed  Com- 
missioners for  the  several  States  and  Territories, — Hon.  George  A.  Batchelder  having  been 
appointed  Commissioner,  and  Hon.  Solomon  L.  Spink,  Alternate,  for  Dakota; 


234  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  And  tv7iereas,  In  a  circular  issued  by  Commissioner  A.  T.  Goshorn,  Director-General 

of  said  International  Exhibition,  at  Philadelphia,  November,  1873,  apian  of  State  and  Ter- 
ritorial organization  is  recommended  as  follows : 

"  To  provide  for  the  efficient  adjustment  of  the  preliminaries  to  the  Exhibition,  and  to 
organize  a  uniform  system  to  this  end  throughout  the  United  States,  the  several  States  and 
Territories  are  invited  and  recommended  to  appoint,  as  early  as  possible,  State  Centennial 
Managers,  not  exceeding  five  in  number.  They  should  be  selected  entirely  with  regard  to 
their  familiarity  with  the  resources,  arts,  and  products  of  their  State,  their  business  experi- 
ence, and  executive  skill.  The  State  Managers,  with  the  United  States  Commissioners  and 
Alternate  Commissioners,  shall  constitute  the  State  Board  of  Centennial  Managers  for  each 
State  and  Territory. 

"  On  the  State  Board  will  devolve  all  the  responsibility  of  organizing  its  State  or  Terri- 
tory, and  of  securing  its  thorough  representation  in  the  Exhibition.  It  will  have  to  care 
for  the  interests  of  its  own  State  and  of  its  citizens  in  matters  relating  to  the  Exhibition ; 
to  disseminate  information  about  it;  to  issue  invitations  to  participate;  to  receive  and  pro- 
nounce upon  applications  for  space ;  to  apportion  the  space  placed  at  its  disposal  among  the 
exhibitors  from  its  State  ;  and  to  supervise  such  other  details  relating  to  the  representation 
of  its^citizens  in  the  Exhibition  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  delegated  to  it  by  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission.  It  is  of  extreme  importance  that  the  State  Boards  shall  be 
organized  and  at  work  at  the  earliest  day  possible.  It  is  hoped  that  all  may  have  been 
appointed  before  April  I,  1874;" 

And  whereas,  It  is  desirable  that  in  accordance  with  the  above  recommendation  a 
Board  be  appointed  and  organized  to  superintend  the  interests  of  Dakota  in  the  said  Inter- 
national Exhibition  without  delay;  and  as  there  will  be  no  session  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  of  the  Territory  until  December,  1874;  now,  therefore, 

I,  John  L.  Pennington,  Governor  of  the  said  Territory  of  Dakota,  do  appoint  and 
proclaim  Hon.  F.  J.  Dewitt,  Yankton  County ;  Hon.  E.  W.  Miller,  Union  County ;  Hon. 
A.  F.  Shaw,  Minnehaha  County ;  Hon.  Walter  J.  S.  Trail,  Grand  Forks  County ;  Hon. 
W.  A.  Burleigh,  Bon  Homme  County;  as  constituting  the  said  Territorial  Board,  and 
do  enjoin  upon  them  a  speedy  organization  for  the  purposes  contemplated  by  their  appoint- 
ment. 

And  it  will  be  the  pleasure  of  the  Executive,  as  he  will  deem  it  to  be  his  duty,  to  lay 
the  subject  before  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Territory,  at  its  next  session,  and  recom- 
mend that  such  appropriation  be  made  as  will  enable  the  Commissioners  and  State  Board 
to  render  the  part  taken  by  them  in  this  great  National  Exhibition  creditable,  both  to  them- 
selves and  to  the  people  of  the  Territory  whom  they  represent. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  signed  my  name,  and  caused  to  be  affixed  hereunto  the 
Great  Seal  of  the  Territory  of  Dakota. 

Done  at  Yankton,  the  capital  of  said  Territory,  this  sixteenth  day  of  February, 
[SEAL.]  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-four. 

JOHN   L.  PENNINGTON,  Governor  of  Dakota  Territory. 

OSCAR   WHITNEY,  Secretary. 


MESSAGE  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN  L.  PENNINGTON. 

December  7,  1874. 

The  Centennial  Exhibition,  which  it  is  proposed  to  hold  in  Philadelphia  in  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  to  celebrate  and  commemorate  the  one  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  American  Independence,  is  attracting  the  attention  not  only  of  the  entire  people 
of  our  own  country  but  of  all  the  civilized  nations  of  the  world,  and  it  is  expected  that  all 
the  Christian  powers  of  the  earth  will  be  represented  in  this  great  jubilee  on  the  occasion  of 
this  first  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  freest  and  greatest  nation  of  the  earth. 


APPENDIX  D. 


235 


While  we  cannot  expect  to  compete  with  the  States,  or  even  with  the  older  Territories,  State  action, 
in  contributions  to  that  vast  collection,  still  we  can  contribute  something,  and  I  imagine 
that  every  patriot  Dakotian  will  desire  that  there  be  a  Dakota  department  in  this  greatest  of 
all  world's  exhibitions. 

Impresssecl  that  such  would  be  the  wishes  of  our  people,  and  in  obedience  to  an  invi- 
tation by  the  Commissioners  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  all  the  States  and  Territories 
to  appoint  a  Board  of  Managers,  not  to  exceed  five  in  number,  to  represent  the  interests  of 
their  respective  constituencies  in  the  said  Exhibition,  I  appointed,  by  proclamation,  on  the 
1 6th  day  of  February,  1874,  Hon.  F.  J.  Dewitt,  Hon.  E.  W.  Miller,  Hon.  A.  F.  Shaw, 
Hon.  Walter  J.  S.  Trail,  and  Hon.  W.  A.  Burleigh  to  constitute  the  said  Board  for  this 
Territory. 

I  respectfully  request  that  your  honorable  body  recognize  this  Board  of  Managers,  and 
clothe  them  with  all  the  necessary  authority  to  co-operate  with  the  Commissioners  appointed 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States  in  giving  Dakota  a  respectable  representation  in  this 
great  International  Exhibition. 


PROCLAMATION  OF  GOVERNOR  JOHN   L.  PENNINGTON. 

TERRITORY  OF  DAKOTA,  EXECUTIVE  OFFICE, 

YANKTON,  March  6,  1876. 

The  following  letter,  resolutions,  and  proceedings  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Com- 
mission, requesting  the  Executive  of  this  Territory  to  appoint  suitable  persons  to  prepare 
addresses,  etc.,  have  been  received  at  this  Department,  and,  together  with  the  appointments 
hereinafter  made,  are  published  for  the  information  of  the  public : 

« INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  1876. 

"  UNITED  STATES  CENTENNIAL  COMMISSION, 

"PHILADELPHIA,  February  21,  1876. 

"  SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  herewith  copy  of  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission  at  the  session  held  in  Philadelphia,  May  21,  1875. 

"  Should  your  Excellency  take  any  action  thereon,  I  respectfully  request  to  be  informed 
at  your  earliest  convenience,  to  enable  me  to  lay  the  information  before  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  March  22  next. 

"  I  am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

"  J.  L.  CAMPBELL,  Secretary. 
"  HON.  J.  L.  PENNINGTON,  Governor,  Yankton,  Dakota. 

"EXTRACT   FROM   THE   MINUTES. 

"  Friday,  May  21,  1875. 

"  Mr.  Coldwell,  of  Tennessee,  submitted  the  following  resolution,  recently  adopted  by  the 
State  Commission  of  Tennessee  : 

"Resolved,  That  this  Commission,  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  Tennessee  and  now 
organized  and  in  session,  recommend  to  the  National  Centennial  Commission  to  designate 
and  set  apart  a  particular  day  during  the  Exhibition  on  which  each  State  shall  be  heard 
through  its  chosen  representatives,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State,  in  an 
address  on  the  history  and  growth  of  the  State  in  wealth,  population,  etc.,  embracing  agri- 
cultural, manufacturing,  mineral,  and  other  statistics  of  the  State,  to  the  end  that  these 
addresses  maybe  published  together  in  book  form,  for  distribution  in  the  United  States  and 
foreign  countries,  and  that  the  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Coldwell  be  requested  to  bring  the  matter 
before  the  Commission,  at  Philadelphia,  at  its  next  meeting. 


236  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

State  action.  "  Mr.  Coldwell  moved  that  it  be  referred  to  a  committee  of  three.     Agreed  to. 

Dakota.  « -p^g  Qjair  announced  the  Committee  to  consist  of  Messrs.  Prosser,  of  Tennessee ; 

Atwood,  of  Wisconsin ;  and  Cleveland,  of  New  Jersey. 

"  Mr.  Prosser,  of  Tennessee,  from  the  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  resolution 
recommending  the  setting  apart  days  for  the  several  States,  submitted  the  following  report : 
"The  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  resolution  offered  by  Mr.  Coldwell,  of  Ten- 
nessee, beg  leave  to  report  that  they  have  considered  the  same,  and  unanimously  recom- 
mend that  the  Exe«utive  Committee  be  requested  to  carry  out  the  object  of  the  resolution, 
and  that  the  Governors  of  the  respective  States  and  Territories  be  invited  to  appoint  suitable 
persons  to  prepare  addresses,  and  that  appropriate  days  may  be  set  apart  during  the  term 
of  the  Exhibition  for  the  delivery  of  the  said  addresses. 

"W.  F.  PROSSER, 
"DAVID  ATWOOD, 
"  O.  CLEVELAND,  Committee. 
"  The  report  was  accepted  and  adopted." 

Recognizing  the  importance  of  having  full  and  correct  reports  of  the  resources  and 
advantages  of  this  Territory  prepared,  to  be  delivered  in  an  address  or  in  addresses  before 
the  Centennial  Exhibition,  and  to  be  embraced  in  the  book  referred  to  in  the  resolution,  to 
be  published  for  distribution  in  the  United  States  and  foreign  countries ;  I  have,  therefore, 
in  pursuance  of,  and  in  compliance  with,  the  foregoing  resolution  of  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission,  appointed  as  a  commission  to  prepare  and  deliver  addresses  during 
the  International  Exhibition,  on  the  history  and  growth  of  Dakota  in  wealth,  population, 
etc.,  embracing  agriculture,  manufacturing,  mineral,  educational,  and  other  statistics  of  the 
Territory,  the  following-named  persons:  Hon.  S.  L.  Spink,  Hon.  George  H;  Hand,  Hon. 
M.  K.  Armstrong,  Hon.  F.  J.  Cross,  and  General  W.  H.  H.  Beadle. 

Done  at  Yankton,  the  capital  of  the  said  Territory,  this  the  sixth  day  of  March,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

JOHN  L.  PENNINGTON. 
By  the  Governor:  GEO.  H.  HAND,  Secretary  of  the  Territory. 


[NOTE. — It  is  possible  that  executive  or  legislative  action  took  place  in  other  States 
than  those  named  in  the  foregoing  Appendix.  The  Governors  of  all  the  States  and  Terri- 
tories were  requested  to  furnish  information  of  the  kind  above  given.  No  reply,  however, 
was  received  from  the  Governors  of  California,  Missouri,  Nebraska,  Tennessee,  Utah,  and 
Wyoming.] 


APPENDIX  E. 


APPENDIX  E. 


ACTION  OF  MUNICIPAL  AND   CORPORATE  BODIES.          Mu»iapd 

action. 
'  Philadelphia. 


CITY   OF    PHILADELPHIA. 

MEMORIAL  TO   CONGRESS. 

February  24,  1870.- 

MEMORIAL  OF  THE  SELECT  AND  COMMON  COUNCILS  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  THE  FRANK- 
LIN INSTITUTE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  AND  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTA- 
TIVES OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  FOR  THE  APPROPRIATE  CELEBRATION  OF  THE  CENTEN- 
NIAL ANNIVERSARY  OF  AMERICAN  INDEPENDENCE  AT  PHILADELPHIA,  JULY  4,  1876. 

To  THE  HONORABLE  THE  SENATE  AND  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES: 

The  Declaration  of  Independence  having  been  written  and  signed  by  its  patriotic  authors 
in  Philadelphia,  and  its  promulgation  to  the  world  first  made  in  that  city,  and  as  the  Cen- 
tennial Anniversary  of  that  memorable  and  decisive  epoch  in  our  country's  history  is  nearly 
approaching,  it  behooves  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  prepare  for  its  celebration  by 
such  demonstrations  and  appropriate  ceremonies  as  may  become  a  nation  so  rapidly  risen 
from  struggling  infancy  to  a  position  of  power  and  prosperity  as  at  once  to  command  the 
respect  of  all  Governments  and  the  admiration  of  the  world. 

In  order,  therefore,  to  stimulate  a  pilgrimage  to  the  Mecca  of  American  nationality,  the 
home  of  American  independence,  on  an  occasion  so  worthy  of  commemoration,  it  has  been 
wisely  suggested  that  prominent  amongst  the  features  for  celebrating  our  One  Hundredth 
Anniversary  there  should  be  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Pro- 
ducts of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  as  thereby  we  may  illustrate  the  unparalleled  advancement  in 
science  and  art,  and  all  the  various  appliances  of  human  ingenuity  for  the  refinement  and 
comfort  of  man,  in  contrast  with  the  meagre  achievements  of  a  century  past. 

For  the  fulfillment  of  this,  where  so  fitting  a  spot  as  the  cradle  of  our  country's  liberty, 
or  when  the  time  as  on  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  year  her  freedom  had  its  birth  ? 

In  furtherance  of  an  undertaking  truly  national  in  its  character  and  so  commendable 
in  spirit,  the  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Frank- 
lin Institute,  and  the  Legislature  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  have  each  ap- 
pointed committees,  who,  clothed  with  authority  to  act  from  the  bodies  they  represent, 
respectfully  solicit  Congress  by  its  action  to  recognize  the  fact  that  the  City  of  Philadelphia 
is,  and  of  right  should  be,  the  place  to  hold,  and  that  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  seventy-six  would  be  the  time  to  inaugurate,  an  Exhibition  of  the  industry  of  all  nations. 

When  such  action  as  your  wisdom  may  deem  proper  shall  have  been  taken  in  order  to 


238 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Municipal 

action. 

Philadelphia. 


place  the  grand  design  under  your  fostering  care  and  control,  it  is  hoped  the  President  of 
the  United  States  will  be  authorized  in  due  time  to  invite  the  participation  of  all  Govern- 
ments. 

Respectfully  submitted. 


A.  H.  FRANCISCUS, 
WM.  BUMM, 
GEO.  W.  PLUMLY, 
DANIEL  P.  RAY, 
J.  C.  GILBERT,  M.D., 
JOHN  J.  HARGADON, 
LOUIS  WAGNER, 
President  Common  Council, 


E.  A.  SHALLCROSS,  JOHN  COCHRAN, 


SAMUEL  G.  KING, 
GEORGE  A.  SMITH, 
GEORGE  J.  HETZELL, 
THOMAS  A.  BARLOW, 
SAML.  W.  CATTELL, 
President  of  Select  Council. 


R.  W.  SHIELDS, 
GEORGE  W.  NICKELS, 
A.  KLINE, 
GEO.  W.  HALL, 
JOHN  BARDSLEY, 
JOHN  L.  SHOEMAKER, 
Chairman, 


Committee  of  the  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  Philadelphia. 

FRED.  FRALEY,  B.  H.  MOORE, 

ENOCH  LEWIS,  J.  VAUGHAN  MERRICK, 

WM.  SELLERS,  Chairman. 

Committee  of  Franklin  Institute. 


A.  WILSON  HENSZEY, 
ARTHUR  G.  OLMSTEAD, 
CHARLES  R.  BUCKALEW, 
CHARLES  H.  STINSON, 

Speaker  of  the  Senate. 


ALEXANDER  ADAIRE, 
T.  B.  SCHNATTERLY, 
R.  JOHNSTON,  Chairman, 
BUTLER    B.    STRANG, 

Speaker  of  the  House. 


JOHN  L.  SHOEMAKER,  Chairman  of  Joint  Committees. 

Attest:  BENJAMIN  H.  HAINES,  Clerk  of  Select  Council  of  Philadelphia  and  of  the 

Joint  Committees. 
PHILADELPHIA,  February  24,  1870. 


ORDINANCE   OF   THE   CITY   OF   PHILADELPHIA. 
Approved  October  30,  1871. 

AN  ORDINANCE  to  provide  for  the  first  meeting  and  organization  of  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  and  to  make  an  appropriation  therefor. 

SECTION  i.  The  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  do  ordain,  That 
the  Commissioners  appointed  under  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  entitled 
"  An  Act  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Inde- 
pendence, by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products 
of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,"  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  requested  to  meet  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia  on  the  fourth  day  of  March,  A.D.  1872,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing, 
carrying  out  the  second  section  of  said  Act,  and  such  other  business  as  they  may  deem 
advisable. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  Centennial  Committee  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  shall  cause  a  copy 
of  the  foregoing  report  and  this  ordinance  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Commissioners  of  each 
State  and  Territory,  and  to  the  Executive  of  each  State  and  Territory  who  has  not  yet 
made  such  appointment,  together  with  a  copy  of  the  Act  of  Congress. 

SEC.  3.  That  said  Committee  is  also  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  make  the  neces- 
sary arrangements  for  carrying  out  this  Ordinance,  and  the  sum  of  twenty-rive  thousand 
dollars  shall  be  appropriated  out  of  the  income  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  for  the  year 
1872  to  defray  the  expenses  thereof. 


APPENDIX  E.  239 

All  bills  to  be  approved  by  said  Committee,  and  the  warrants  therefor  to  be  drawn  by  Municipal 
the  Mayor.  actlon- 

HENRY   HUHN,  President  of  Common  Council. 
SAMUEL   W.  CATTELL,  President  of  Select  Council. 
Attest:  BENJAMIN   H.    RAINES,  Clerk  of  Select  Council. 

Approved  this  thirtieth  day  of  October,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  seventy-one  (A.D.  1871). 

DANIEL   M.    FOX,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  MAYOR  OF  THE  CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

October  30,  1871. 

This  certifies  that  the  foregoing  Ordinance,  entitled  "  An  Ordinance  to  provide  for  the 
first  meeting  and  organization  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  to  make 
an  appropriation  therefor,"  is  a  true  copy,  of  said  Ordinance  as  passed  by  the  Select  and 
Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  this  day  approved  by  me. 

In  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  City  of  Phila- 
[SEAL.]         delphia  the  day  and  year  aforesaid. 

DANIEL   M.    FOX,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 


LETTER   OF   PHILADELPHIA   CENTENNIAL  COMMITTEE  TO   U.  S.  CEN- 
TENNIAL COMMISSIONERS. 
SELECT  COUNCIL  CHAMBER,  PHILADELPHIA,  November  15, 1871. 

DEAR  SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  a  copy  of  the  Act  of  Congress  en- 
titled "  An  Act  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American 
Independence,  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products 
of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year 
1876,"  together  with  copies  of  a  report  of  the  Centennial  Committee  of  the  Councils  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  an  Ordinance  of  the  city,  approved  by  the  Mayor  October  30,  1871,  entitled 
"  An  Ordinance  to  provide  for  the  first  meeting  and  organization  of  the  United  States  Cen- 
tennial Commission,  and  to  make  an  appropriation  therefor."* 

In  this  connection,  I  take  the  liberty  of  stating  that  the  local  Committee  of  the  city 
have  taken  such  preliminary  steps  as  seemed  advisable  for  placing  in  as  forward  a  condition 
as  possible  the  arrangements  for  this  great  event,  with  a  view  of  submitting  the  result  of 
their  labors  to  the  United  States  Commissioners  when  they  assemble,  should  they  desire  the 
same;  as  to  them  the  Act  of  Congress  assigns  the  du  y  "to  prepare  and  superintend  the 
execution  of  a  plan  for  holding  the  Exhibition." 

If  there  are  any  suggestions  which  you  may  think  proper  to  make,  the  Committee  will 
be  greatly  obliged  if  you  will  forward  them  to  my  address  at  your  earliest  convenience. 

Very  respectfully  your  obedient  servant, 
JOHN    L.    SHOEMAKER,  Chairman  of  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  Committ  f. 

To ,  United  States  Centennial  Commissioner  for 

[COPY  OF  REPORT.] 

PHILADELPHIA,  October  26,  1871. 
To  THE  SELECT  AND  COMMON  COUNCILS  OF  THK  CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA: 

GENTLEMEN, — Your  Committee  on  Centennial  Celebration  at  this  time  respectfully 
beg  leave  to  make  the  following  report: 

Wiereas,  By  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  3, 1871,  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for 
celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  by  holding  an  In- 

*  Sec  foregoing  Ordinance  of  October  30,  1871. 


240  INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 

Municipal          ternational  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the 
pCt!on'  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 

six,  it  is  enacted  in  the  second  and  third  sections  thereof  as  follows : 

"  That  a  Commission,  to  consist  of  not  more  than  one  delegate  from  each  State  and  from 
each  Territory  of  the  United  States,  whose  functions  shall  continue  until  the  close  of  the 
Exhibition,  shall  be  constituted,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  prepare  and  superintend  the  exe- 
cution of  a  plan  for  holding  the  Exhibition,  and,  after  conference  with  the  authorities  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  to  fix  upon  a  suitable  site  within  the  corporate  limits  of  said  city 
where  the  Exhibition  shall  be  held. 

"  That  said  Commissioners  shall  be  appointed  within  one  year  from  the  passage  of  this 
Act  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  nomination  of  the  Governors  of  the  States 
and  Territories  respectively." 

And  whereas,  A  large  majority  of  said  Commissioners  have  been  duly  appointed,  and 
the  time  designated  for  the  completion  of  said  Commission  will  have  expired  by  the  fourth 
day  of  March  next; 

And  as  in  the  absence  of  any  direct  provision  in  said  Act  for  their  first  meeting  or 
organization,  and  expenses  incident  thereto,  there  should  be  some  early  and  definite  action 
on  the  part  of  the  City ; 

Your  Committee  therefore,  after  frequent  interviews  with,  and  communications  from, 
various  members  of  the  United  States  Commission,  and  in  accordance  with  their  express 
desire,  respectfully  submit  the  following  Ordinance,  and  ask  for  its  adoption/" 
JOHN  L.  SHOEMAKER,  Chairman,       GEO.  W.  HALL, 
JOHN  COCHRAN,  JOSEPH  S.  ROBINSON, 

JOHN  BARDSLEY,  JOHN  FAREIRA, 

JAMES  B.  ALEXANDER,  GEO.  W.  NICKELS, 

S.  G.  KING,  E.  A.  SHALLCROSS, 

HENRY  HUHN,  JOSEPH  S.  ALLEN, 

SAMUEL  W.   CATTELL,  EGBERT  K.  NICHOLS, 

GEO.  A.  SMITH,  ROBERT  BRIGGS, 

JOHN  J.  HARGADON,  HUGH  McILVAIN, 

J.  C.  GILBERT,  WILLIAM  BUMM. 


ORDINANCE   OF   THE   CITY   OF   PHILADELPHIA. 

Approved  February  28,  1872. 

AN  ORDINANCE  to  make  an  appropriation  to  pay  the  expenses  of  and  incident  to  the  first 
meeting  and  organization  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commissioners. 

Whereas,  By  ordinance  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  entitled  "  An  Ordinance  to  provide 
for  the  first  meeting  and  organization  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,"  and  to 
make  an  appropriation  therefor,  approved  October  30,  1871,  it  is  ordained  as  follows,  to 
wit: 

SECTION  I.  734*  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  do  ordain, 
That  the  Commissioners  appointed  under  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  March  3,  1871,  en- 
titled "  An  Act  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  American 
Independence,  by  holding  an  International  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products 
of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,"  be  and  they  are  hereby  requested  to  meet  in  the  City  of 
Philadelphia  on  the  fourth  day  of  March,  A.D.  1872,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing,  carrying 
out  the  second  section  of  said  Act,  and  such  other  business  as  they  may  deem  advisable. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  Centennial  Committee  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  cause  a  copy  of  the 

*  The  Ordinance  is  that  of  October  30,  1871,  printed  above. 


APPENDIX  E. 


241 


foregoing  report  and  this  Ordinance  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Commissioners  of  each  State  Municipal 
and  Territory,  and  to  the  Executive  of  each  State  and  Territory  who  has  not  yet  made  a}ctl 
such  appointment,  together  with  a  copy  of  the  Act  of  Congress. 

SEC.  3.  That  said  Committee  is  also  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  make  the  neces- 
sary arrangements  for  carrying  out  this  Ordinance,  and  •the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars  shall  be  appropriated  out  of  the  income  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  for  the  year 
1872  to  defray  the  expenses  thereof;  all  bills  to  be  approved  by  said  Committee,  and  the 
warrants  therefor  to  be  drawn  by  the  Mayor. 

And  whereas,  The  requirements  of  the  first  and  second  sections  of  the  above-recited 
Ordinance  have  been  fully  carried  out  and  completed,  and  it  is  expected  that  said  Commis- 
sion will  meet  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  on  the  fourth  day  of  March,  1872; 

And  whereas,  The  Ordinance  above  recited  only  pledges  the  faith  of  the  city  that  an 
appropriation  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  shall  be  made* to  pay  the  necessary  expenses 
of  the  contemplated  first  meeting  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commissioners;  now, 
therefore, 

SECTION  I.  The  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  do  ordain, 
That  the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  appropriated  to 
defray  the  expenses  of  and  incident  to  the  first  meeting  and  organization  of  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commissioners ;  all  bills  to  be  approved  by  the  Joint  Committee  of  Coun- 
cils on  Celebration  of  Centennial  Anniversary,  and  the  warrants  therefor  to  be  drawn  by 
the  Mayor. 

LOUIS   WAGNER,  President  of  Common  Council. 
W.  E.  LITTLETON,  President  of  Select  Council. 

Attest:  JOSEPH    II.  PAIST,  Assistant  Clerk  of  Select  Council. 

Approved  this  twenty-eighth  day  of  February,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-two  (A.D.  1872). 

WILLIAM  S.  STOKLEY,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 


ORDINANCE   OF  THE   CITY  OF   PHILADELPHIA. 

Approved  November  4,  1872. 

AN  ORDINANCE  to  make  an  appropriation  to  pay  the  current  and  incidental  expenses  of 
the  United  Stales  Centennial  Commission,  and  for  opening  books  of  subscription  in  the 
several  States  and  Territories,  and  organizing  tht  Centennial  Board  of  finance. 
SECTION  I.  The  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  do  ordain,  That 
the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  appropriated  to  pay  the  current 
and  incidental  expenses  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  and  for  engraving, 
printing,  and  opening  books  of  subscription  in  the  several  States  and  Territories  anil  for  such 
other  expenses  as  may  be  incurred  by  them  in  organizing  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance 
in  accordance  with  the  Act  of  Congress,  the  warrants  to  be  drawn  by  the  Mayor  in  accord- 
ance with  existing  Ordinances,  upon  a  requisition  therefor  by  Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Chairman 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission, accompanied  by 
bills  or  vouchers  attested  by  the  Executive  Commissioner  and  Secretary  of  said  Commission, 
and  approved  by  the  said  Daniel  J.  Morrell,  Chairman,  as  aforesaid  ;  Provided ^  that  not 
more  than  twenty  thousand  dollars  of  the  appropriation  hereby  made  shall  be  drawn  from 
the  treasury  during  the  year  1872,  and  that  no  part  of  the  appropriation  made  by  this 

Ordinance  shall  merge. 

LO  U I S    W  A  G  N  E  R ,  President  of  Common  Council. 
W.  E.  LITTLETON,  President  of  Select  Ccuncil. 
Attest:  BENJAMIN    II.  HAINES,  Clerk  of  Select  Council. 

Approved  this  fourth  day  of  November,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
two  (A.D.  1872). 

WILLIAM  S.   STOKLEY,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 
16 


242 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Municipal 

action. 

Philadelphia. 


ORDINANCE   OF  THE   CITY   OF   PHILADELPHIA. 

Approved  February  22,  1873. 
AN  ORDINANCE  to  make  an   appropriation   in  aid  of  the    Centennial  Anniversary  of 

American  Independence. 

Whereas,  The  Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission  has 
officially  requested  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  to  make  an  appropriation  of  one  million  dol- 
lars, and  the  City  of  Philadelphia  also  to  make  an  appropriation  of  half  a  million  dollars, 
towards  the  erection  of  buildings  for  the  Exhibition  of  1876,  in  Fairmount  Park.  And  the 
mass-meeting  of  Chairmen  of  the  various  Collection  Committees  of  our  city,  composed  as 
it  was  of  many  of  our  best  citizens  and  tax-payers,  has  unanimously  passed  resolutions 
urging  the  immediate  passage  of  such  appropriations ;  And  whereas,  The  Commonwealth 
is  about  taking  initiative  measures  to  this  end,  it  behooves  its  metropolis  to  assume  promptly 
its  share  of  responsibility ;  therefore, 

SECTION  i.  The  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  pledges  its 
faith  to  apply  five  hundred  thousand  (500,000)  dollars,  and  hereby  appropriates  the  same, 
as  hereinafter  provided,  towards  the  erection  of  buildings  in  Fairmount  Park  for  the 
National  Exhibition  to  commemorate  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  the 
nation,  to  be  reimbursed  out  of  a  loan  to  be  hereafter  created,  and  to  be  paid  out  of  the  city 
treasury  after  compliance  with  the  following  provisions,  to  wit :  In  sums  of  fifty  thousand 
dollars  whensoever  it  shall  be  certified  to  the  Mayor  that  the  buildings  for  that  purpose 
shall  have  been  so  far  constructed  in  said  Park  as  to  be  of  double  the  cost  and  value  of  the 
installment  demanded,  and  of  any  and  all  previous  payments  made  in  such  behalf  by  the  City 
of  Philadelphia  out  of  the  appropriation  hereby  made,  until  such  payments  shall  have 
amounted  to  the  full  sum  hereby  appropriated. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  certificates  for  the  basis  of  such  payments  shall  be  signed  by  the  Chair- 
man of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  United  States  Centennial  Commission,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  and  the  Chief  Engineer  and  Sur- 
veyor of  the  City  of  Philadelphia ;  whereupon,  if  the  Mayor  of  the  city  shall  be  satisfied 
with  the  report,  he  shall  draw  a  warrant  for  such  sum  upon  the  City  Treasurer  of  the  Cen- 
tennial Board  of  Finance,  as  incorporated  by  the  Act  of  Congress,  approved  June  I,  1872. 

Provided,  Before  any  payment  shall  be  made  out  of  the  appropriation,  the  United  States 
Centennial  Commission  and  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance  shall  enter  into  a  contract 
with  the  City  of  Philadelphia  that  a  permanent  building,  to  cost  not  less  than  the  sum  of 
five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  shall  be  permitted  to  remain  in  said  Park  as  the  property  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  exhibition  and  preservation  of  such  works  of  nature,  art, 
and  products  of  the  soil  and  mine,  and  works  of  art  applied  to  industry,  copies  of  repro- 
ductions of  articles  of  skill  for  the  free  education  and  enjoyment  of  the  people  of  the 
nation  after  the  year  1876,  and  for  all  time  thei-eafter,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as 
may  from  time  to  time  be  prescribed  by  the  Commissioners  of  Fairmount  Park. 

A.  WILSON    HENSZEY,  President  of  Common  Council. 
W.  E.  LITTLETON,  President  of  Select  Council. 

Attest:  JOSEPH    H.  PAIST,  Clerk  of  Select  Council. 

Approved  this  twenty-second  day  of  February,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-three  (A.D.  1873). 

WILLIAM  S.  STOKLEY,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 


APPENDIX  E.  243 

ORDINANCE   OF  THE   CITY  OF   PHILADELPHIA.  Municipal 

Approved  April  2,  1874. 
AN  ORDINANCE  to  make  an  appropriation  for  the  erection  of  buildings  and  machinery 

on  the  grounds  to  be  used  for  the  Centennial  International  Exhibition. 
SECTION  I.  The  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  do  ordain, 
That  the  sum  of  one  million  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  appropriated  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  following  buildings  in  Fairmount  Park,  to  be  used  at  the  Centennial  Inter- 
national Exhibition  in  1876,  to  wit :  the  sum  of  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  the 
construction  of  a  conservatory;  the  sum  of  eight  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  the  construc- 
tion of  Machinery  Hall. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  said  building  shall  be  constructed  under  the  supervision  of  the  Mayor 
of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  and  the  United  States  Centennial  Board  of  Finance. 

SEC.  3.  All  warrants  for  the  payment  of  moneys  under  this  appropriation  shall  be  drawn 
by  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  upon  the  certificate  of  the  President  of  the  said 
Board  of   P'inance ;    Provided,  that  no  greater  sum  in  the  aggregate  than  five  hundred 
thousand  dollars  shall  be  expended  during  the  year  1875;  And  provided  further,  that  no 
amounts  shall  be  drawn  against  said  appropriation  before  the  first  day  of  April,  A.D.  1875. 
A.  WILSON    HENSZEY,  President  of  Common  Council. 
R.  W.  DOWNING,  President  of  Select  Council. 
Attest :  JOSEPH    H.  PAIST,  Clerk  of  Select  Council. 

Approved  the  second  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four 
(A.D.  1874). 

WILLIAM  S.  STOKLEY,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 


ORDINANCE  OF  THE   CITY   OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

Approved  October  18,  1876. 

AN  ORDINANCE  to  authorize  a  certain  transfer  in  an  appropriation  for  the  erection  of 
buildings  and  machinery  on  the  grounds  to  be  used  for  the  Centtnnial  International 
Exhibition. 

SECTION  I.  The  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  do  ordain. 
That  the  City  Controller  be  authorized  and  directed  to  make  the  following  transfer  in  "  An 
Ordinance  to  make  an  appropriation  for  the  erection  of  buildings  and  machinery  on  the 
grounds  to  be  used  for  the  Centennial  International  Exhibition,"  approved  April  2,  1874, 
viz. :  the  sum  of  sixty-three  thousand  five  hundred  and  seventy-three  dollars  and  thirty- 
nine  cents,  from  the  amount  appropriated  for  the  construction  of  a  Machinery  Hall,  and 
added  to  the  amount  appropriated  for  the  construction  of  a  Conservatory. 

JOSEPH    L.  CAVEN,  President  of  Common  Council. 
GEORGE   A.  SMITH,  President  of  Select  Council. 
Attest:  JOSEPH    H.  PAIST,  Clerk  of  Select  Council. 

Approved  this  thirtieth  day  of  October,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
six  (A.D.  1876). 

WILLIAM    S.  STOKLEY,  Mayor  of  Philcuielphia. 


CITY   OF   WILMINGTON. 

ORDINANCE  OF  THE   CITY   OF  WILMINGTON,  DELAWARE. 

Passed  April  8,  1875. 
AN  ORDINANCE  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States  Centennial  international  Exhibition. 

Whereas,  By  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly,  entitled  "  An  Act  to  further  amend  the 
Charter  of  the  City  of  Wilmington,"  passed  March  23,  1875,  tne  Mayor  and  Council  of 


244 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Municipal          Wilmington  was  authorized,  under  an  Ordinance  of  the  City  Council,  to  subscribe,  appro- 
^j|™  priate,  and  apply  a  sum  or  sums  of  money,  not  exceeding  in  the  aggregate  $5000,  to  the 

capital  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance; 

And^uhereas,  A  just  appreciation  of  the  great  event  which  said  Exhibition  is  intended  to 
commemorate,  as  well  as  a  proper  regard  for  the  interests  of  this  city,  require  that  we  should 
aid  in  the  preparation  and  conduct  of  said  Exhibition ;  therefore, 

Be  it  ordained  by  the  City  Council  of  Wilmington  : 

SECTION  I.  That  the  Finance  Committee  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed. to  subscribe, 
in  the  name  of  the  Mayor  and  Council  of  Wilmington,  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  to 
the  capital  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  a  corporation  created  by  Act  of 
Congress  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  the  funds  requisite  for  the  United  States  Centennial 
International  Exhibition,  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated  for  the  purpose 
aforesaid. 

Passed  at  the  City  Hall,  April  8,  1875. 

J.  HARRIS,  President. 

WILLIAM   S.  HAYES,  Clerk  of  City  Council. 

This  is  to  certify  that  the  above  is  a  correct  copy  of  the  record. 

WM.  H.  FOULK,  Clerk  of  Council. 
February  13,  1877. 


APPENDIX  F. 


Government 
Board. 


BOARD    ON    BEHALF    OF    THE    EXECUTIVE    DEPARTMENTS 
OF   THE   UNITED   STATES  GOVERNMENT. 

r Appointed  in  accordance  with  the  Executive  Order  by  the  President,  January  23,  1874.*] 

Colonel  S.  C.  Lyford,  Ordnance  Corps,  U.  S.  Army,  Chairman  of  the  Board,  and  Rep- 
resentative of  the  War  Department  at  the  Exhibition. 

Rear  Admiral  Thornton  A.  Jenkins,  U.  S.  Navy,  Representative  of  Navy  Department. 

Hon.  R.  W.  Tayler,  First  Comptroller  Treasury,  Representative  of  Treasury  Depart- 
ment. 

Hon.  John  Eaton,  Commissioner  of  Education,  Representative  of  Interior  Department. 

Dr.  C.  F.  Macdonald,  Superintendent  Money  Order  Bureau,  Representative  of  Post- 
Office  Department. 

William  Saunders,  Superintendent  Propagating  Garden,  Representative  of  Agricultural 
Department. 

Prof.  S.  F.  Baird,  Assistant  Secretary  Smithsonian  Institution,  Representative  of  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  and  Commissioner  of  American  Food  Fishes. 

William  A.  De  Caindry,  Secretary  of  the  Board. 


*  For  the  Executive  Order,  see  Appendix  C,  page  in. 


APPENDIX  G. 


245 


APPENDIX   G. 


STATE   BOARDS   OF   CENTENNIAL   MANAGERS. 

[Appointed  by  the  Governors  for  the  management  of  State  and  Territorial  exhibits.] 

ALABAMA. 


State  Boards 


J.  F.  Milner,  President,  Montgomery. 
Peter  Hamilton,  Mobile. 
A.  Cunningham,  Talladega. 


J.  M.  Kennedy,  Tuscaloosa, 

R.  O.  Pickett,  Florence. 

Albert  Strassburger,  Montgomery. 


J.  N.  Hopkins,  Secretary,  Tucson. 
William  J.  Osborne,  Tucson. 


ARIZONA. 

J.  S.  Vosburg,  Tucson. 
John  Wasson,  Tucson. 


ARKANSAS. 


H.  L.  Fletcher,  President,  Little  Rock. 
A.  L.  Breysacher,  Little  Rock. 
L.  H.  Roots,  Little  Rock. 


W.  E.  Woodruff,  Jr.,  Little  Rock, 
W.  C.  Stout,  Lewisburg. 
D.  A.  Linthicum,  Helena. 


Jacob  Deeth. 
R.  B.  Redding. 
A.  N.  Towne. 
T.  J.  L.  Smiley. 
Drury  Malone. 
Jacob  R.  Snider. 
John  G.  Downey. 


George  Q.  Richmond,  Pueblo. 


CALIFORNIA. 

James  L.  Ord. 
William  Murray. 
Jacob  R.  Neff. 
B.  M.  Sergeant. 
J.  L.  Hebron. 
R.  K.  Porter. 


COLORADO. 

|  Stephen  Decatur,  Georgetown. 
CONNECTICUT. 


Gov.  Charles  R.  Ingersoll,  New  Haven. 
Nathaniel  Wheeler,  Bridgeport. 
Frederick  J.  Kingsbury,  Waterbury. 
Ebenezer  Learned,  Norwich. 
Thomas  L.  Marlor,  Brooklyn. 


Lyman  W.  Coe,  Torrington. 
Burdett  Loomis,  Hartford. 
John  E.  Earle,  New  Haven. 
Thomas  R.  Pickering,  Portland. 


F.  J.  Dewitt,  Yankton. 
E.  W.  Miller,  Union. 
A.  F.  Shaw,  Minnehaha. 


DAKOTA. 

W.J.  S.  Trail,  Grand  Forks. 
W.  A.  Burlcigh,  Bon  Homme. 


246 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


State  Boards. 


DELAWARE. 


Joseph  P.  Comegys,  President,  Dover. 
Leander  F.  Riddle,  Secretary,  Wilmington. 
Allen  V.  Lesley,  New  Castle. 
Charles  Beasten,  New  Castle. 
John  H.  Bewley,  Smyrna. 


Henry  B.  Tiddeman,  Milford. 
John  C.  Causey,  Milford. 
Charles  H.  Richards,  Georgetown. 
Paynter  Frame,  Harbeson. 


A.  V.  Conover,  St.  Augustine. 

E.  C.  Howe,  Key  West. 

George  E.  Wentworth,  Pensacola. 


FLORIDA. 

D.  S.  Wilkens,  Tallahassee. 
W.  S.  Boyd,  Jacksonville. 


Austin  Savage,  Boise  City. 
J.  C.  Isaacs,  Boise  City. 
Cyrus  Jacobs,  Boise  City. 
A.  Rossi,  Boise  City. 
John  Hailey,  Boise  City. 
Lafayette  Castre,  Boise  City. 


IDAHO. 

Thomas  Ranney,  Boise  City. 
Y.  E.  Logan,  Boise  City. 
W.  J.  Hill,  Silver  City. 
B.  Wilson,  Idaho  City. 
John  McNally,  Rocky  Bar. 
L.  P.  Brown,  Mount  Idaho. 


ILLINOIS. 


John  P.  Reynolds,  President,  Chicago. 
J.  C.  Smith,  Secretary,  Galena. 
Carlile  Mason,  Chicago. 


Francis  Colton,  Galesburg. 
Amos  C.  Spafford,  Rockford. 


A.  L.  Roache,  Chairman,  Indianapolis. 
Thomas  E.  Garvin,  Evansville. 
John  Sutherland,  La  Porte. 


INDIANA. 

E.  T.  Cox,  Secretary,  Indianapolis. 
John  S.  Williams,  La  Fayette. 


S.  Kirkwood,  Des  Moines. 
Alexander  Shaw,  Des  Moines. 
William  Christy. 


IOWA. 

B.  R.  Sherman. 
I.  T.  Young. 


KANSAS. 

George    T.    Anthony,    President,    Leaven-  j  Charles  F.  Koester,  Marysville. 

worth. 

W.  S.  Parkinson,  Vice- President,  Ottawa. 
Alfred  Gray,  Secretary,  Topeka. 
George  W.  Click,  Treasurer,  Atchison. 
T.  C.  Henry,  Abilene. 


!  E.  P.  Bancroft,  Emporia. 

|  W.  E.  Barnes,  Vineland. 

|  R.  W.  Wright,  Oswego. 

|  John  A.  Martin,  Atchison. 

!  George  A.  Crawford,  Fort  Scott. 


W.  B.  Machen,  Eddyville. 
Clinton  Griffith,  Owenstown. 
James  H.  Bowden,  Russelville. 
E.  C.  Hobson,  Greensburg. 
E.  D.  Standiford,  Louisville. 


KENTUCKY. 

J.  C.  Hughes,  Florence. 
William  Warfield,  Lexington. 
Jennings  Price,  Lancaster. 
John  Dishman,  Barbourville. 
F.  L.  Cleveland,  Augusta. 


APPENDIX  G. 


247 


LOUISIANA. 


State  Boards 


H.  Bonzano,  President,  New  Orleans. 
Edward  C.  Hancock,  New  Orleans. 


Charles  \V.  Roberts,  Bangor. 

F.  E.  Shaw,  Paris. 

Edwin  Sprague,  Rockland. 


Eflmgham  Lawrence,  Plaquemine  Parish. 


MAINE. 


W.  H.  Simpson,  Belfast. 
F.  N.  Dow,  Portland. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Joseph  H.  Chadwick,  Boston. 
Curtis  Guild,  Boston. 
Hocum  Hosford,  Lowell. 
C.  E.  Whitin,  Whitinsville. 
George  T.  Plunkett,  Hinsdale. 
Henry  M.  Phillips,  Springfield, 
E.  T.  Miles,  Fitchburg. 
J.  H.  Clement,  Boston. 
Lewis  N.  Gilbert,  Ware. 


Gov.  John  J.  Bagley,  Detroit. 
Henry  Fralick,  Grand  Rapids. 
Jonathan  J.  Woodman,  Paw  Paw. 


Paris  Gibson,  Minneapolis. 
Pennock  Pusey,  St.  Paul. 


John  Savary,  Wareham. 
William  F.  Whitney,  Ashburnham. 
Chester  Snow,  Harwich. 
C.  E.  Yeomans,  Westfield. 
S.  B.  Phinney,  Barnstable. 
H.  G.  Knight,  Easthampton. 
Harrison  Tweed,  Taunton. 
Edward  W.  Kinsley,  Boston. 
A.  L.  Coolidge,  Boston. 


MICHIGAN. 

I  Merrill  J.  Mills,  Detroit. 

I  Jay  A.  Hubbell,  Houghton. 

!   F.  W.  Noble,  Secretary,  Detroit. 

MINNESOTA. 

I  Philip  S.  Harris,  St.  Paul. 

MISSISSIPPI. 


A.  M.  West,  President,  Holly  Springs. 
H.  W.  Warren,  Vice- President,  Jackson. 
H.  M.  Street,  Treasurer,  Booneville. 
A.  E.  Lewis,  Scranton. 
James  A.  Hoskins,  Brookhaven. 


Frank  Burkitt,  Houston. 
J.  L.  Power,  Secretary,  Jackson. 
J.  B.  Yellowley,  Madison  Station. 
W.  G.  Paxton,  Vicksburg. 


MISSOURI. 


Thomas  Allen,  President,  St.  Louis. 
J.  F.  Cook,  LL.D.,  Lagrange. 
J.  W.  Harris,  Rocheport. 


J.  W.  Strong,  Vice- President,  St.  Joseph. 
P.  Murphy,  Goplin. 
J.  L.  Tracy,  St.  Louis. 


T.  C.  Power,  Fort  Bcnton. 
William  Peck,  Bannack. 
Armstrong  &  Co.,  Glendale. 
Mrs.  S.  B.  Bovven,  Bozeman. 


Daniel  II.  Wheeler,  Plattsmouth. 
J.  S.  Morton,  Nebraska  City. 
W.  D.  Scott,  Rulo. 


MONTANA. 

W.  A.  Clark,  Deer  Lodge. 
D.  J.  Welch,  Missoula. 
J.  A.  Harding,  Radersburg. 
T.  E.  Collins,  Diamond. 

NEBRASKA. 

<  ',.i\  C.  Barton,  North  Platte. 
Charles  F.  Manderson,  Omaha. 


248 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


State  Boards. 


NEVADA. 


C.  C.  Stevenson,  President,  Gold  Hill. 
Thomas  G.  Taylor,  Gold  Hill. 
Robert  Robinson,  Hamilton. 
J.  D.  Sullivan,  Eureka. 
H.  H.  Day,  Pioche. 
F.  R.  Hall,  lone. 
A.  A.  Curtis,  Austin. 
John  C.  Fall,  Unionville. 


H.  M.  Yerington,  Carson  City. 
H.  F.  Rice,  Carson  City.    • 
H.  R.  Whitehill,  Carson  City. 
B.  F.  Leete,  Reno. 
J.  R.  Johnson,  Genoa. 
Levi  Wilsey,  Elko. 
Jeremiah  Miller,  Columbus. 
B.  P.  Hazeltine,  Columbus. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 


James  A.  Weston,  Chairman,  Manchester. 
Lewis  W.  Clark,  Manchester. 
Mason  W.  Tappan,  Bradford. 


Edward  D.  Baker,  Claremont. 

James  F.  Briggs,  Secretary,  Manchester. 

George  W.  Riddle,  Manchester. 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Samuel  C.  Brown,  President,  Trenton. 
Edward  Bettle,  Camden. 
Henry  L.  Janeway,  New  Brunswick. 
John  T.  Bird,  Flemington. 


Thomas  N.  Dale,  Faterson. 
Sandford  B.  Hunt,  Newark. 
Nathan  W.  Condict,  Jersey  City. 
Patrick  T.  Quinn,  Secretary,  Newark. 


Stephen  B.  Elkins,  Washington,  D.  C. 
W.  F.  M.  Amy,  Secretary,  Fort  Defiance. 
Richard  Hudson,  Silver  City. 


NEW    MEXICO. 

W.  G.  Ritch,  President,  Santa  Fe. 
Thomas  S.  Tucker,  Treasurer,  Santa  F6. 
Jose  D.  Sena,  Santa  Fe. 


Alonzo  B.  Cornell,  Ithaca,  Tompkins  Co. 
John  Murdock,  Elmira,  Chemung  Co. 
Jackson  S.  Schultz,  New  York  City. 
Frank  Leslie,  New  York  City. 


NEW    YORK. 

|   Felix  Campbell,  Brooklyn. 
H.  Havermeyer,  New  York  City. 
Frederick  A.  Conkling,  New  York  City. 


R.  P.  Ranny,  President,  Cleveland. 
Gov.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  Fremont. 
E.  F.  Noyes,  Cincinnati. 
G.  W.  McCook,  Steubenville. 


OHIO. 

Barnabas  Burns,  Mansfield. 

R.  P.  Buckland,  Fremont. 

F.  \V.  Green,  Secretary  and  Superintendent^ 

Cleveland. 


OREGON. 


Gov.    L.    F.    Grover,    ex-officio    President, 

Salem. 

M.  Wilkins,  Willamette  Forks. 
C.  P.  Burkhardt,  Albany. 
Rev.  E.  R.  Geary,  Albany. 


W.  H.  Halsey,  Portland. 

M.  P.  Deady,  Portland. 

Rev.  Thomas  Condon,  Eugene  City. 

S.  G.  Reed,  Portland. 

S.  A.  Clarke,  Secretary,  Salem. 


Morton  McMichael,  Philadelphia. 
Andrew  G.  Curtin,  Bellefonte. 
John  H.  Shoenberger,  Pittsburgh. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

George  Scott,  Catawissa. 
Foster  W.  Mitchell,  Franklin. 
James  A.  McCrea,  Philadelphia. 


APPENDIX  G. 


249 


John  Gorham,  Providence. 
Gov.  Henry  Lippitt,  Providence. 
James  Y.  Smith,  Providence. 


J.  M.  Saffbrd,  Davidson  Co. 
C.  C.  Giers,  Davidson  Co. 
J.  T.  Wilder,  Hamilton  Co. 


J.  E.  Preston,  Marlin. 
E.  L.  Gregg,  Rush. 


RHODE    ISLAND. 

William  Goddard,  Providence. 
Rowland  Hazard,  Providence. 
John  R.  Bartlett,  Providence. 

TENNESSEE. 

Joseph  Barbiere,  Shelby. 
George  E.  Purvis,  Nashville. 
S.  B.  Lowe,  Chattanooga. 

TEXAS. 

S.  J.  Adams,  Dallas. 


State  Boards. 


UTAH. 


William    Jennings,    President,    Salt    Lake 

City. 
Henry  C.  Goodspeed,  Secretary,  Salt  Lake 

City. 


John  T.  Caine,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Joseph  R.  Walker,  Salt  Lake  City. 
George  S.  Prescott,  Salt  Lake  City. 


Joseph  S.  Patterson. 


VERMONT. 

|  P.  P.  Pitkin. 


VIRGINIA. 

John  D.  Imboden,  President,  Richmond. 
Marshall  Parks,  Norfolk. 
Samuel  J.  Moffitt,  Harrisonburg. 


G.  J.  Wharton,  Pulaski  Co. 
Edward  M.  Pace,  Danville. 


WASHINGTON    TERRITORY. 


James  S.  Lawson,  Olympia. 
Charles  E.  P.  Wood,  Port  Discovery. 
Edward  S.  Kearney,  Walla  Walla. 


Henri  M.  Chase,  Walla  Walla. 
Philip  Ritz,  Walla  Walla. 


O.  C.  Dewey,  Wheeling. 

G.  W.  Franzheim,  Wheeling. 

C.  N.  Beall,  Bethany. 


WEST   VIRGINIA. 

Thomas  Maslin,  Moorsfield. 
I.  P.  Hale,  Charleston. 


WISCONSIN. 


J.  B.  Parkinson,  President,  Madison. 

Eli  Stilson,  Oshkosh. 

Adolph  Meinecke,  Milwaukee. 


J.  I.  Case,  Racine. 

T.  C.  Pound,  Chippewa  Falls. 

W.  W.  Field,  Secretary,  Madison. 


J.  R.  Whitehead,  Cheyenne. 


WYOMING. 

John  Fosher,  South  Pass  City. 


Stephen  W.  Downey,  Laramie  City. 
James  France,  Rawlins. 


J.  II.  Pynchou,  Laramie  City. 
J.  A.  Van  Carter,  Fort  Bridget. 


250 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


APPENDIX  H. 


Acceptances 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 


ACCEPTANCES   BY   FOREIGN    GOVERNMENTS. 


Argentine 
Republic. 


ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC. 

MINISTRY  OF  FOREIGN  RELATIONS  OF  THE  ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC, 

BUENOS  AYRES,  January  22,  1874. 

MR.  MINISTER, — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  your  Excellency  that  the  Argentine 
Government  accepts  the  invitation  which  that  of  the  United  States  has  been  pleased  to 
extend  to  it,  through  your  Excellency,  to  take  part  in  the  Exhibition  which  is  to  be  held 
at  Philadelphia,  and  that  a  Commission  has  been  appointed  for  this  purpose,  composed  of 
the  gentlemen  whose  names  are  mentioned  in  the  decree,  of  which  a  copy  is  inclosed. 

The  Argentine  Government  returns  its  sincere  thanks  to  the  Republic  of  the  North  for 
this  attention,  and  in  expressing  the  same,  I  am  happy  to  reiterate  to  your  Excellency  the 
assurances  of  my  highest  and  most  distinguished  consideration. 

C.  TEJEDOR. 

To  HIS  EXCELLENCY  GENERAL  JULIUS  WHITE,  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States 
of  North  America, 


DECREE. 

BUENOS  AYRES,  November  24,  1875. 

The  Government  of  the  United  States  having  invited  that  of  the  Republic  to  take  part 
in  the  Exhibition  of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Products  of  the  Soil  and  Mine,  which  is  to 
be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  by  way  of  celebrating  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
Independence  of  said  States ;  since  this  evidence  of  sympathy  should  be  given  to  the 
people  and  Government  of  that  country  in  commemoration  of  an  event  so  satisfactory  to 
them,  as  also  important  to  other  nations,  especially  those  which  have  adopted  their  institu- 
tions ;  and  since  it  will,  moreover,  promote  the  interests  of  the  Republic  to  make  known 
at  that  Exhibition  the  principal  productions  which  constitute  its  wealth; 

The  President  of  the  Republic  decrees : 

ART.  i.  The  invitation  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  take  part  in  the 
aforesaid  Exhibition  is  accepted. 

2.  A  Central  Commission  is  hereby  appointed,  of  which  Mr.  Ernest  Oldendorff  will  be 
the  presiding  officer.    The  other  members  of  the  Commission  will  be  Mr.  Eduardo  Olivera, 
Dr.  Onesimo  Leguiyamon,  Dr.  Diego  de  la  Fuente,  Mr.  Lino  Palacios,  and  Mr.  Richard 
Newton,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  Commission  to  receive  and  forward  to  their 

'destination  such  goods  as  are  to  be  sent  to  the  Exhibition  in  question. 

3.  The  Governors  of  the  provinces  are  instructed  to  appoint  Commissions,  each  to  con- 
sist of  at  least  three  members,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  under  the  direction  of  the  Central 


APPENDIX  II.  251 

Commission  of  this  city,  to  receive  and  forward  to  it  the  productions  of  each  province,  for  Accc  uncc< 

the  purpose  aforesaid.  by  Forcign 

4.  The  expense  which  may  be  rendered  necessary  by  the  execution  of  the  present  decree  Government* 
shall  be  paid  from  the  contingent  fund,  and  further  appropriations  will  be  asked  of  the  ArRentinc 
Honorable  Chambers,  if  larger  expenditures  shall  be  necessary. 

5.  Let  it  be  communicated,  published,  and  inserted  in  the  R.  N. 

SARMIENTO. 
[L.  s.]          ULADISLAS  FRIAS. 


AUSTRIA. 

[TRANSLATION.] 
THE   MINISTRY   FOR   FOREIGN   AFFAIRS   TO   MR.    DELAPLAINE. 

VIKNNA,  August  18,  1874. 

In  response  to  the  esteemed  note  dated  i8th  July,  No.  273,  the  Ministry  for  Foreign 
Affairs  has  now  the  honor  to  respectfully  communicate  to  Mr.  John  F.  Delaplaine,  Charge 
d' Affaires  of  the  United  States  of  America,  that,  although  a  numerous  and  proper  repre- 
sentation of  the  domestic  industry  at  the  International  Exhibition  in  Philadelphia  is 
desirable,  the  Governments  of  both  halves  of  the  Empire  are  not  in  the  position  to  officially 
take  part  in  the  Exhibition. 

It  will  be  left  to  the  private  initiation  (Privatinitiative}  of  the  various  manufacturers 
to  address  themselves  to  the  forwarding  of  goods  (Expedition),  in  which  every  possible 
assistance  will  be  rendered  to  them  on  the  part  of  both  Governments. 

Requisite  steps  have  already  been  taken  for  this  purpose  by  the  Ministries  of  Commerce. 

The  undersigned  Minister  of  the  Imperial  House  and  for  Foreign  Affairs,  in  begging 
leave  to  add  in  conclusion,  that,  judging  from  the  applications  thus  far  made,  a  lively  par- 
ticipation of  our  manufacturers  at  the  Exhibition  in  question  may  be  anticipated,  avails 
himself  of  this  occasion  to  renew  to  Mr.  Charge  d'Affaires  the  assurance  of  his  perfect 
consideration. 

For  the  Ministry  for  Foreign  Affairs, 

ORCZY. 
To  MR.  J.  F.  DELAPLAINE,  Charge  d'Affaires  of  the  United  S/a/es  of  America. 


BELGIUM. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

MINISTRY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  BRUSSELS,  August  7,  1874. 

MR.  MINISTER, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  the  letter  which  you 
were  pleased  to  address  me  under  date  of  the  2Qth  of  July  last,  inviting  Belgium  to  take 
part  in  the  World's  Fair  which  is  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876. 

The  Government  of  the  King,  Mr.  Minister,  feels  very  grateful  for  this  invitation,  and  I 
beg  you  to  convey  the  expression  of  our  gratitude  to  your  Government. 

As  soon  as  a  decision  shall  have  been  reached  in  regard  to  the  participation  of  Belgium 
in  the  enterprise  in  question,  I  shall  hasten  to  inform  you,  Mr.  Minister. 


252 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 


Acceptances  Be  pleased  to  accept,  Mr.  Minister,  the  assurances  of  my  most  distinguished  considera- 

by  Foreign  tion. 

Governments.  COUNT   D'ASPREMONT   LYNDEN. 

Belgium.  MR.  RUSSELL   JONES,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

BRUSSELS. 

MINISTRY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  BRUSSELS,  January  26,  1875. 

MR.  MINISTER, — In  the  name  of  your  Government  you  kindly  invited  Belgium  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  International  Exhibition  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876. 

Referring  to  my  letter  of  the  7th  August  last,  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that  in 
answer  to  that  invitation,  the  King,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior, 
has  signed  a  decree  appointing  a  Commission  charged  with  the  interests  of  Belgian  ex- 
hibitors at  the  above-named  Exhibition. 

You  will  find  inclosed,  Mr.  Minister,  a  copy  of  the  decree  giving  the  composition  of  the 
Commission  which  will  put  itself  in  correspondence  with  the  Direction  of  the  Exposition. 
Receive,  sir,  the  assurances  of  my  most  distinguished  consideration. 

COUNT  D'  ASPREMONT  LYNDEN. 
MR.  RUSSELL  JONES,  etc.,  etc.,  etc., 
BRUSSELS. 


BOLIVIA. 

Bolivia.  [TRANSLATION.] 

OFFICE  OF  THE  MINISTER  FOR  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS, 
LA  PAZ,  February  16,  1875. 

SIR, — I  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  dispatch,  No.  6,  dated  the  ist  of  the  present 
month,  in  which  you  acquaint  my  Government  of  the  proposed  International  Centennial 
Exposition  in  the  name  of  the  United  States,  as  authorized  by  resolution  of  Congress,  to 
be  held  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  1876. 

A  printed  copy  of  the  Act  of  Congress  authorizing  the  same,  together  with  other  inform- 
ation referring  to  it,  also  the  regulations  of  the  Exposition,  came  inclosed  with  the  dispatch 
referred  to. 

My  Government  gratefully  acknowledges  the  courteous  invitation  which  you  extend  in 
the  name  of  your  Government,  and  will  be  pleased  to  contribute  to  that  generous  mani- 
festation of  industries  projected  under  the  patronage  of  North  American  nationality. 

A  copy  of  your  dispatch  and  the  inclosures  will  be  sent  to  the  Honorable  Minister  of 
Industry,  so  as  to  prepare  and  expedite  under  his  supervision  in  the  least  possible  time  and 
send  to  the  Exposition  Bolivian  articles,  which  will  be  for  the  greater  part  specimens  of 
mineral  productions. 

I  repeat  to  your  Excellency  the  considerations  of  my  highest  regards,  with  which,  I 
remain  your  complaisant  and  confiding  servant, 


MARIANO  BAPTISTA. 


To  R.  M.  REYNOLDS,  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  Siaies. 


Brazil. 


BRAZIL. 

MINISTRY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  Rio  DE  JANEIRO,  January  27,  1874. 
SIR, — In  addition  to  my  note  of  the  I7th  of  September  last,  I  have  the  honor  to  com- 
municate to  Mr.  Richard  Cutts  Shannon,  ChargS  d'  Affaires,  ad  interim,  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  that  the  Imperial  Government  has  resolved  to  accept  the  polite  invitation 
of  the  President  of  those  States  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exhibition  which  is  to 


APPENDIX  II.  2$$ 

be  inaugurated  on  the   igth  April,  1876,  at  Philadelphia,  on  the  occasion  of  the  looth  Acceptance* 
Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  American  Republic;  and  that  in  accordance  with  by  Foreign 
that  resolution  circular  instructions  have  just  been  issued  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Government*. 
Commerce,  and  Public  Works  to  the  Presidents  of  the  different  provinces,  directing  them  Brazil- 
to  invite  producers  to  appoint  municipal  Commissions. 

In  making  this  communication  I  have  the  honor  to  renew  to  Mr.  Shannon  the  assurances 
of  my  most  distinguished  consideration. 

V1SCONDE  DE  CARAVELLAS. 
To  RICHARD  CUTTS  SHANNON,  Charge  d' Affaires  of  the  United  States. 

CIRCULAR  INSTRUCTIONS  ISSUED  BY  THE  BRAZILIAN  MINISTER  OF  AGRICULTURE,  COM- 
MERCE, AND  PUBLIC  WORKS  TO  THE  PRESIDENTS  OF  PROVINCES  IN  REGARD  TO 
PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION  AT  PHILADELPHIA  IN  1876. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE,  COMMERCE,  AND  PUBLIC  WORKS, 

Rio  DE  JANEIRO,  December  i,  1873. 

MOST  ILLUSTRIOUS  AND  EXCELLENT  SIR, — The  Imperial  Government  having  resolved 
to  take  part  in  the  Universal  Exposition  which  will  be  inaugurated  at  Philadelphia  on 
the  occasion  of  the  looth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  Republic  of  the  United 
States  of  North  America,  and  it  being  desirable  that  our  leading  agricultural  products  as 
well  as  those  of  our  other  industries  may  appear  at  that  Exhibition,  I  recommend  your 
Excellency  so  far  as  it  may  be  in  your  power  to  invite  the  producers  of  your  province  to 
prepare  themselves  for  that  event. 

A  Commission,  which  is  to  be  appointed  to  take  the  direction  of  this  matter,  will  have 
an  understanding  with  your  Excellency  as  to  the  proper  methods  for  accomplishing  the 
desired  object.  A  credit  will  also  be  opened  for  the  necessary  expenses. 

With  this  view,  it  is  desirable  that  your  Excellency  should  appoint  Commissions  in  the 
different  municipalities  of  your  province,  to  take  whatever  steps  maybe  necessary  to  secure 
products  and  specimens  of  our  national  industries,  in  order  that  Brazil  may  appear  ad- 
vantageously in  the  projected  Exposition. 
God  guard  your  Excellency  ! 

JOSE  FERNANDES  DA  COSTA  PEREIRA,  JR. 
To  ins  EXCELLENCY  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  PROVINCE. 


CHILI.  ohm. 

SANTIAGO,  September  5,  1873. 

SENOR, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  note  of  the  3oth  of 
August  ultimo,  in  which  you  communicate  information  as  to  the  holding  of  an  Inter- 
national Exposition  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  beginning  on  the  igth  day  of  April,  1876, 
accompanied  with  copies  of  the  printed  proclamation  of  his  Excellency  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  the  rules  and  other  documents  explanatory  of  the  objects  of  this  grand 
Exhibition. 

My  Government  has  received  the  invitation  extended  through  you  to  participate  in  this 
great  affair  with  much  pleasure,  and  I  assure  you  it  will  use  every  effort  possible  to  induce 
our  people  to  send  their  products  and  various  articles  of  manufacture.  Fur  the  accomplish- 
ment of  this  purpose,  the  documents  you  have  sent  us  shall  be  placed  in  possession  of  the 
National  Society  of  Agriculture,  which  will  circulate  the  information  therein  contained  as 
widely  as  possible,  to  the  end  that  Chili  may  be  represented  in  the  Exposition. 

I  embrace  the  present  opportunity  of  renewing  the  sentiments  of  high  consideration, 
with  which  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

ADOLFO  IHANEZ,  Minister  of  Foreign  Retatiom. 
To  SENOR  DON  C.  A.  LOGAN,  E.  E.  and  M.  P.  of  the  United  States. 


254 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Acceptances 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 
China. 


CHINA. 

FUNGCHI,  1 2th  year,  I2th  moon,  25th  day.     (February  II,  1875.) 

Prince  Kung,  Chief  Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs,  herewith  makes  a  com- 
munication in  reply. 

I  have  received  your  Excellency's  dispatch  of  the  28th  ultimo,  informing  me  that  in 
July,  1876,  will  occur  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  foundation  of  the  United  States 
as  an  independent  nation,  when  there  Avill  be  held  a  special  Exhibition  to  commemorate 
the  event;  and  expressing  the  hope  that  the  Superintendents  of  Trade  for  the  Northern 
and  Southern  ports  may  be  directed  to  inform  the  mercantile,  laboring,  and  artisan  classes 
that  they  may  forward  to  the  Exhibition,  under  official  supervision,  the  most  remarkable 
specimens  of  what  the  earth  produces,  and  the  most  perfect  of  manufactures. 

Your  Excellency  further  incloses  ten  regulations  and  a  supplementary  minute,  and  says 
that  all  other  regulations,  etc.,  will  be  communicated  from  time  to  time  as  they  may  be 
finally  determined  upon,  etc.,  etc. 

On  receipt  of  this  dispatch,  the  Foreign  Office  has  taken  measures  to  accede  to  this 
proposal,  by  directing  the  Northern  and  Southern  Superintendents  of  Trade  to  instruct 
the  officers  under  their  jurisdiction  to  issue  proclamations,  fully  informing  all  mercantile, 
artisan,  and  laboring  classes  of  this  Exhibition.  It  has  further  ordered  the  Inspector- 
General  of  Customs  to  select  suitable  officers  as  Commissioners  to  it. 

I  therefore  now  make  this  reply  for  your  Excellency's  information. 

To  S.  WELLS  WILLIAMS,  ESQ.,  Charge  d' Affaires  of  the  United  States. 


Colombia.  COLOMBIA. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

OFFICE  OF  THE  INTERIOR  AND  FOREIGN  RELATIONS, 
BOGOTA,  August  26,  1874. 

MR.  MINISTER, — I  have  the  honor  to  answer  the  note  of  the  I7th  inst.,  by  which  it  has 
pleased  your  Excellency,  in  obedience  to  instructions  from  your  Government,  to  invite  that 
of  Colombia  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exhibition  which  opens  in  Philadelphia  in 
the  year  1876. 

In  a  law  passed  by  the  Federal  Congress  of  Colombia  last  year,  and  which  takes  effect 
the  1st  of  September  proximo,  the  sum  of  $25,000  has  been  appropriated  for  the  purpose 
of  beginning  the  preparation  of  the  effects  with  which  this  Republic  should  participate  in 
the  said  International  Exhibition,  and  the  Executive  power  will  declare  opportunely  all  the 
necessary  dispositions,  to  the  end  that  Colombia  may  be  represented  in  that  concourse  of 
civilized  peoples. 

The  friendly  invitations  by  which  the  illustrious  Government  of  the  United  States  has 
honored  that  of  Colombia,  through  the  medium  of  its  able  and  worthy  representative  in 
this  city,  is  most  cordially  recognized  and  appreciated ;  and  it  is  very  pleasing  to  me  to 
reiterate  to  the  Honorable  Minister  the  assurances  of  my  high  consideration  and  Respect. 

JACOBO  SANCHEZ. 

To  THE  HON.  WILLIAM  L.  SCRUGGS,  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


APPENDIX  //.  255 


DENMARK. 


COPENHAGEN,  May  21,  1875. 

SIR,  —  I  have  just  had  the  pleasure  to  receive  from  my  colleague,  the  Minister  of  the  Denmark. 
Interior,  the  announcement  that  a  Committee  has  been  formed,  under  the  presidency  of 
Mr.  Jacob  Halmblad,  a  merchant  and  manufacturer  at  Copenhagen,  the  object  of  which  U 
to  furnish  facilities  to  parties  in  Denmark  who  may  desire  to  exhibit  their  productions  at 
the  International  Exhibition  which  is  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia. 

I  have  to  add  that,  in  addition  to  the  aforesaid  presiding  officer,  Messrs.  C.  Chr.  Bur- 
meister,  manufacturer  of  machinery,  V.  Christenscn,  manufacturing  jeweler,  V.  Fjclkshoo, 
sculptor,  William  Hammer,  artist  (painter),  Charles  Hansen,  Th.  Green,  merchant,  John 
Hansen,  merchant,  Olof  Hansen,  merchant  and  Vice-Consul,  are  members  of  the  Committee 
referred  to,  and  I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  offer  you,  sir,  the  assurance  of  my  most 
distinguished  consideration. 

O.  U.  ROSEN0RN-LEHN. 
To  MR.  CRAMER,  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States  of  America. 


ECUADOR.  Kcuador. 

LEGATION  OF  ECUADOR,  WASHINGTON,  December  19,  1873. 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  your  Excellency  that  my  Government  has  accepted 
the  invitation  which  your  Excellency  was  pleased  to  extend  to  it,  through  this  Legation,  to 
take  part  in  the  Exhibition  which  is  to  be  opened  on  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
Declaration  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States. 

I  have  therefore  appointed,  having  been  duly  authorized  so  to  do,  Mr.  Edward  Shippen, 
Ecuadorian  Consul  at  Philadelphia,  as  Resident  Commissioner  of  Ecuador  in  that  city. 

The  Commissioners  in  New  York  are  Messrs.  Riban  &  Munaz,  No.  52  Pine  Street,  and 
Mr.  Gabriel  Obarrio,  No.  59  Liberty  Street. 

If  other  Commissioners  shall  be  appointed  hereafter,  I  shall  inform  your  Excellency  of 
the  fact  without  delay. 

I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  offer  your  Excellency  the  assurance  of  my  high  con- 
sideration. 

A.  FLORES. 
HONORABLE  HAMILTON  FISH,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  Slates  of  America,  ttt.t 

etc.,  etc. 


EGYPT. 

[TRANSLATION.] 
RIAZ   PACHA    TO    MR.   BEARDSLEY. 

MINISTRY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  CAIRO,  April  29,  1875. 

MR.  AGENT  AND  CONSUL-GENERAL,— As  I  have  had  the  honor  of  informing  you,  I  has- 
tened to  lay  before  his  Highness  the  Khedive  the  communications  relating  to  the  Inter- 
national Exhibition  which  will  take  place  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  which  you  were  pleated 
to  address  to  me. 

His  Highness,  anxious  to  respond  to  the  flattering  invitation  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  and  to  see  his  country'  participate  in  the  great  international 
concourse  so  eminently  useful  for  the  development  of  the  arts  and  industry  and  of  the 
commercial  interests  of  every  people,  enjoins  me  to  request  you,  Mr.  Agent  and  Consul- 


Acceptances 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 
Egypt- 


256 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 


General,  to  be  pleased  to  transmit  his  thanks  to,  and  to  inform  the  American  Government 
that  he  has  taken  measures  in  order  that  Egypt  shall  be  represented  at  the  Exhibition  at 
Philadelphia. 

A  special  Commission  will  be  constituted  for  this  purpose,  and  will  be  placed  under  the 
Presidency  of  his  Highness  the  Prince, — Heir, — Minister  of  the  Interior. 

His  Highness  the  Khedive  has  been  pleased  to  appoint  me  Vice-President  of  this  Com- 
mission, and  to  designate  Mr.  Brugsch-Bey,  Professor  of  Egyptology,  to  the  functions  of 
Commissioner-General. 

While  happy  to  be  able  to  -inform  you  of  these  decisions,  I  seize  with  pleasure  this  oppor- 
tunity to  renew,  Mr.  Agent  and  Consul-General,  the  expressions  of  my  high  consideration. 

RIAZ. 


France.  FRANCE. 

PARIS,  September  19,  1874. 

SIR, — In  his  communication  of  the  I5th  of  July  last,  in  relation  to  the  Philadelphia  Ex- 
hibition, Mr.  Washburn  expressed  a  desire  that  the  French  Government  should  select  one 
or  more  delegates,  whose  duty  it  should  be  to  correspond  directly,  in  the  capacity  of  Com- 
missioners, with  the  Centennial  Commission  of  the  United  States,  on  all  questions  in  which 
French  exhibitors  might  be  interested. 

In  conjunction  with  the  Ministers  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce,  my  department  has  just 
appointed  M.  de  la  Forest,  Consul-General  of  France  at  New  York,  as  French  Commis- 
sioner to  the  Philadelphia  Exhibition;  it  has  also  appointed  M.  Ravin  d'Elpeux,  Vice- 
Consular  Agent  of  France  at  Philadelphia,  as  Adjunct  Commissioner. 

I  hasten,  sir,  to  inform  you  of  these  appointments,  begging  you  to  be  pleased  to  bring 
them  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Federal  Government  and  of  the  Centennial  Commission. 

Receive  sir,  etc., 

DECAZES. 
To  COL.  WICKHAM  HOFFMAN,  Charge  d1  Affaires  of  the  United  Slates. 


Germany.  GERMANY. 

[TRANSLATION.] 
PRINCE   BISMARCK  TO   BARON  SCHLOZER. 

BERLIN,  January  2,  1874. 

SIR, — In  pursuance  of  my  dispatch  of  October  2Qth  last,  relative  to  the  International 
Exhibition  intended  to  be  held  in  the  year  1876,  a-t  Philadelphia,  I  request  you,  respectfully, 
to  communicate  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  Fish,  that  the  German  Empire  accepts  with 
the  sincerest  thanks  the  invittition  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  of  America  to 
take  part  in  the  above-mentioned  Exhibition.  The  appointment  of  a  special  Commission 
for  the  Exhibition,  as  also  of  a  Plenipotentiary  of  the  same,  residing  in  Philadelphia,  will 
therefore  be  made  in  time. 

I  reserve  a  special  communication  in  this  matter,  and  beg  to  be  furnished  with  the  rules 
proposed  under  No.  10  of  the  General  Regulations  as  soon  as  the  same  shall  have  been 
published. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Empire, 

BISMARCK. 


APPENDIX  H. 

GREAT   BRITAIN. 

LORD  DERBY  TO  GENERAL  SCHENCK. 

Great  Britain. 

FOREIGN  OFFICE,  December  3,  1874. 

SIR,— With  reference  to  my  letter  of  the  25th  of  August,  I  have  now  the  honor  to  inform 
you  that  her  Majesty's  Government  accept  with  much  pleasure  the  invitation  of  the  United 
States  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exhibition  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876.  I 
shall  have  the  honor  to  acquaint  you  hereafter  with  the  arrangements  which  will  be  come 
to  in  order  to  carry  this  decision  into  effect. 

Her  Majesty's  Government  trust  that  this  Exhibition  will  fully  realize  the  objects  which 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  and  the  promoters  of  the  undertaking  have  in  view, 
and  they  do  not  doubt  that  it  will  tend  to  the  further  development  of  the  important  commer- 
cial relations  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  the  highest  consideration, 

Sir,  your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

DERBY. 


GREECE.  Greece 

[TRANSLATION.] 

MINISTRY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  ATHENS,  the  ijth  of  December,  1875. 

MR.  MINISTER, — Referring  to  my  dispatch  dated  the  2ist  March  last,  I  have  the  pleas- 
ure to  inform  you  that  the  Royal  Government,  though  regretting  not  to  be  able  to  take  part 
in  the  Universal  Exposition  of  Philadelphia,  thinks  it  to  be  its  duty  to  participate  in  the 
grand  national  f£te  that  the  United  States  will  celebrate  in  commemoration  of  American 
Independence  by  the  appointment  of  Mr.  D.  Batassis,  our  Consul-General  at  New  York, 
as  the  special  representative  of  the  Hellenic  Government. 

I  hope  that  you  will  see  in  this  decision  a  sign  of  the  interest  that  the  Royal  Government 
desires  to  manifest  on  this  occasion  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  that  the 
sympathy  so  many  times  shown  by  the  American  nation  towards  Greece  will  render  it  very 
easy  for  our  representative  to  excuse  our  absence  from  the  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 

Please  to  accept,  Mr.  Minister,  the  assurance  of  my  high  consideration. 

A.  A.  CONTOSTAVLOS. 
To  GENERAL  JOHN  MEREDITH  READ,  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States  of  America. 


GUATEMALA. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

OFFICE  OF  SECRETARY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  GUATEMALA,  August  18,  1874. 
His  EXCELLENCY  HON.  GEO.  WILLIAMSON,  United  States  Minister  Resident. 

SIR, — The  Minister  of  Improvement,  to  whom  I  transmitted  the  esteemed  favor  of  your 
Excellency  of  the  1st  instant,  has  issued  a  decree  on  the  part  of  the  Government  of  Guate- 
mala on  the  1 3th  instant,  printed  in  the  Gnatenwlteco  of  yesterday,  accepting  the  invi- 
tation  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Power  of  the  United  States  to  be  represented  in  the  Expo- 
sition at  Philadelphia,  and  appointing  as  Commissioner  for  that  object  Don  Vincento 
Dardon  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  this  Republic  in  that  country. 

»7 


258 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Acceptances  I  S*ve  my  thanks  to  your  Excellency  for  the  information,  and  take  with  pleasure  this  new 

by  Foreign  opportunity  of  repeating  that  I  am 

<  ".ovemments.  Your  attentive  servant, 

Guatemala.  NL    A>    SOTO. 

DECREE   RELATIVE   TO   THE   INTERNATIONAL   EXPOSITION   AT 
PHILADELPHIA. 

PALACE  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT,  GUATEMALA,  August  13,  1874. 

Taking  into  consideration  the  official  communication  which  the  Minister  Resident  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  Hon.  George  Williamson,  directed  to  the  Secretary  of  Foreign 
Affairs  in  the  name  of  his  Government,  inviting  that  of  this  Republic  to  take  part  in  the 
International  Exposition  that  is  to  take  place  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  the  4th  of  July, 
1876,  in  commemoration  of  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  that 
great  nation,  and  considering  that  as  soon  as  the  said  Exposition  was  first  announced  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  issued  a  corresponding  invitation  to  that  of  Guatemala, 
which  has  manifested,  and  is  of  the  opinion,  that  the  Republic  of  Guatemala,  properly  rep- 
resented, should  take  part  in  the  great  and  solemn  occasion,  which  without  doubt  will  give 
the  greatest  results  in  favor  of  agriculture,  commerce,  and  the  arts  of  the  country,  the  Sec- 
retaries of  the  office  in  charge  of  the  Government  decree : 

ist.  To  accept  the  above-mentioned  invitation,  resolving  that  the  Republic  of  Guatemala 
shall  take  part  in  the  International  Exposition  that  will  take  place  in  Philadelphia  the  4th 
of  July,  1876. 

2d.  To  nominate  Don  Vincente  Dardon,  Minister  of  Guatemala  in  Washington,  Com- 
missioner of  the  Government  of  Guatemala,  to  place  himself  in  communication  with  the 
Centennial  Commission  of  the  United  States  in  reference  to  the  details  of  the  Exposition 
and  the  allotment  of  space,  also  with  the  Director-General,  Mr.  A.  T.  Goshorn. 

3d.  To  empower  the  Secretary  of  Improvement  to  issue  the  necessary  orders  for  the 
fulfillment  of  this  decree ;  and 

4th.  To  recommend  very  especially  to  the  "  Jefes  Politic6s"  and  other  authorities  of  the 
departments  that  they  aid  and  assist  the  Commission  or  Commissioners  that  may  be  ap- 
pointed by  said  Secretary  for  the  preparation  and  arrangement  of  the  articles  that  are  to  be 
sent  to  the  Exposition  of  which  this  treats. 

Decreed. 

Signed  by  the  Secretaries  of  the  office  in  charge  of  the  Government. 

SAMAYOA. 


IHawaiian 
Hslands. 


HAWAIIAN    ISLANDS. 

LEGATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 

HONOLULU,  January  20,  1874. 
HON.  HAMILTON  FISH,  Secretary  of  State,  Washington,  D.  C. 

SIR, — By  a  note  of  this  date,  received  from  the  Hawaiian  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
the  Legation  is  informed  of  the  intention  of  his  Majesty's  Government  to  cause  this  country 
to  be  represented  at  the  United  States  International  Exhibition  of  1876,  by  a  Commission 
to  be  duly  appointed,  and  by  an  exhibition  of  the  arts,  manufactures,  and  natural  productions 
of  the  Kingdom. 

It  is  presumed  that  the  Hawaiian  Assembly,  after  meeting  together  in  May  next,  will 
make  an  appropriation  to  cover  the  anticipated  expenses  of  the  Hawaiian  part  of  the 
Exhibition. 

The  local  newspapers  have  indicated  their    intention    to    advocate  the  measures,  and 


APPENDIX  H. 

to  fully  inform  the  people  in  regard  to  the  subject  of  the  United  States  International 
Exhibition.  by  Forcif  • 

With  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 

HENRY  A.  PEIRCE.       H.w^i. 
Unfe 

DEPARTMKNT  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  HONOLULU,  August  6,  1874. 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  dispatch  of  1st  inst.,  call- 
ing my  attention  to  the  correspondence  between  your  Excellency  and  my  predecessor  in 
office  regarding  the  United  States  Centennial  Anniversary  and  International  Exhibition  to 
be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876,  and  to  the  steps  to  be  taken  by  this  Government, 
by  which  the  arts,  manufactures,  and  products  of  this  country  may  be  duly  represented 
there. 

I  have  now  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  his  Majesty  has  been  pleased  to  ap|>oint  Mr. 
S.  U.  F.  Odell,  his  Majesty's  Charg6  d' Affaires  and  Consul-General  at  New  York,  to  be 
Special  Commissioner  in  the  United  States  for  this  Kingdom  at  the  International  Exhibition 
at  Philadelphia  in  1876;  his  Majesty  has  also  been  pleased  to  appoint  his  Excellency  the 
Minister  of  Interior,  the  Hon.  Samuel  G.  Wilder,  and  the  Hon.  J.  U.  Kanainni,  to  be 
Special  Commissioners  in  Honolulu,  to  collect,  receive,  and  forward  objects  illustrative  of 
the  arts,  manufactures,  and  products  of  the  soil  of  the  Hawaiian  Kingdom  for  the  said 
Exhibition. 

Trusting  that  the  initiation  of  measures  to  extend  the  knowledge  of  Hawaiian  products 
in  the  United  States  of  America,  on  so  auspicious  an  occasion  as  the  Centennial  Anniver- 
sary of  its  Independence,  may  lead  to  closer  and  more  extended  commercial  relations 
between  the  two  countries,  I  take  this  opportunity  of  assuring  your  Excellency  of  the 
high  respect  and  distinguished  consideration  with  which 

I  have  the  honor  to  remain  your  Excellency's  most  obedient  servant, 

WM.  L.  GREEN,  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  ad  interim. 
His  EXCELLENCY  HENRY  A.  PEIRCE,  United  States  Minister  Resident. 


HONDURAS. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

CAMAYAGUA,  September  12,  1874. 

SIR, — I  have  had  the  distinguished  honor  of  receiving  the  courteous  and  cordial  invi- 
tation  that  in  the  name  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  your  Excellency  extends 
to  the  Republic  of  Honduras  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exposition  that  will  take 
place  in  Philadelphia,  the  4th  of  July,  1876,  in  commemoration  of  the  One  Hundredth 
Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States.  The  Government  of  Honduras, 
penetrated  with  the  most  lively  gratitude  and  true  American  enthusiasm,  cannot  do  less 
than  accept  the  invitation  to  the  International  Exposition  at  Philadelphia,  and  in  due 
time  will  communicate  to  the  Director-General  of  the  Exposition  the  names  of  the  persons 
to  whom  Honduras  intrusts  its  representation,  as  it  pleased  your  Excellency  to  suggest  in 
your  esteemed  favor  dated  the  1st  of  last  August. 

I  repeat  to  your  Excellency  the  assurances  of  the  high  appreciation  with  which  I  sub- 
scribe myself, 

Your  most  obedient  sen-ant, 

ADOLF  ZUN1GA. 


260 


INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Acceptances 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 
Italy. 


ITALY. 

[NOTE  VERBALE.] 
BARON   ALBERTO   BLANC   TO   MR.    FISH. 

WASHINGTON,  November  9,  1875. 

The  Legation  of  Italy  at  Washington  has  the  honor  to  announce  to  the  Government  of 
the  United  States  that  Italy  will  take  part  in  the  Centennial  Exhibition  which  is  to  be  held 
at  Philadelphia  in  1876. 

The  following  explanatory  documents  are  inclosed  with  this  "  note  verbale"  : 

1.  Two  copies  of  a  printed  circular  from  the  Royal  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Industry, 
and  Commerce  to  the  Prefects,  Presidents  of  the  Academies  of  Fine  Arts,  and  the  artistic 
and  industrial  associations  of  the  Kingdom,  notifying  them  of  the  formation  of  an  Italian 
Central  Committee  at  Florence  for  the  Philadelphia  Exhibition,  and  stating  what  aid  the 
Government  of  the  King  intends  to  lend  to  this  Committee  by  means  of  a  fixed  subsidy  and 
by  its  moral  co-operation  near  the  Government  of  the  United  States. 

2.  Two  copies  of  a  lithographed  circular  issued  by  the  Italian  Central  Committee  at 
Florence  to  the  Italian  Chambers  of  Commerce  and  Art,  notifying  them  of  its  organization, 
and  stating  what  its  functions  will  be. 

3.  Two  copies  of  a  printed  circular  issued  by  the  same  Committee  to  Italian  exhibitors, 
containing  a  detailed  statement  of  the  conditions  of  their  participation  in  the  Exhibition, 
with  the  co-operation  of  a  general  agent  of  the  Italian  Committee  who  is  to  represent  that 
body  at  Philadelphia. 

The  Royal  Legation  of  Italy  will  hereafter  inform  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
of  the  appointment  which  is  to  be  made  of  a  Royal  Commissioner  as  the  general  repre- 
sentative of  the  Italian  Government  and  of  the  Central  Committee  at  Florence  near  the 
authorities  of  the  United  States. 

Meanwhile,  the  Royal  Legation  has  received  orders  from  its  Government  to  request  that 
the  space  of  11,644  feet  which  was  originally  assigned  to  Italy  may  be  reserved  for  it  in 
the  Exhibition  building.  It  would  at  the  same  time  be  grateful  if  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  would  be  pleased  to  inform  it  how  much  space  can  be  granted  to  Italy  in 
the  building  which  is  to  be  devoted  to  the  fine  arts. 


Japan.  JAPAN. 

[TRANSLATION.] 
TERASHIMA    MUNENORI   TO    MR.  BINGHAM. 

The  25th  of  the  5th  month,  the  7th  year  MEIJI.     (May  25,  1874.) 

YOUR  EXCELLENCY, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  Excellency's 
dispatch,  No.  34,  dated  the  2Oth  April,  and  informing  me  that  on  the  4th  day  of  July, 
1876,  there  will  be  opened  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  an 
International  Exhibition,  in  connection  with  the  celebration,  at  the  same  time  and  place, 
of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  and  that  his  Excellency  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  by  his  Proclamation  issued  in  July  last,  commends,  etc. 

I  beg  leave  in  reply  to  say,  that  the  Japanese  Government  will  take  great  satisfaction  in 
making  known  among  its  subjects  that  an  International  Exhibition  is  to  be  opened  in  the 
United  States,  and  that  those  who  desire  to  exhibit  Japanese  productions,  manufactures, 
etc.,  etc.,  will  receive  from  the  Government  every  assistance  and  convenience  for  that 
purpose. 

I  beg  leave  to  add  that  a  National  Commission  for  Japan  will  be  appointed  after  it  has 


APPENDIX  H.  26, 

been  ascertained  what  extent  of  articles  there  is  to  be  sent  from  Japan,  and  I  will  then 
consult  with  your  Excellency  upon  any  point  that  may  arise. 

Furthermore,  it  is  probable  that  a  special  mission  will  be  sent  from  Japan  to  co-operate 
in  the  celebration  of  American  Independence,  and  to  bear  token  of  our  friendship  for  the 
United  States.  Should  this  not  occur,  the  duty  of  such  a  mission  will  be  intrusted  to  the 
Japanese  Minister  in  your  country.  Your  Excellency  will  please  communicate  the  above 
to  the  proper  authorities  of  your  country. 

With  respect  and  consideration, 

TERASHIMA  MUNENORI,  //.  /.  J.  M., 

Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs. 


LIBERIA. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE,  MONROVIA,  Sept.  i,  1874. 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  your  dispatch  of  2ist  August,  extending  in  the 
name  of  the  United  States,  in  conformity  with  an  Act  of  the  American  Congress,  an  invi- 
tation to  Liberia  to  participate  in  the  Centennial  Exhibition  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia 
during  the  year  1876.  Having  been  authorized  by  an  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  Liberia  to 
accept  the  invitation  tendered  by  you  on  2Oth  August,  1873,  on  behalf  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  to  be  represented  at  the  Exhibition,  I  beg  to  repeat  the  acceptance 
forwarded  you  i8th  February  last,  and  to  say  that  the  Republic  of  Liberia  will  heartily 
participate  therein. 

The  President  has  been  pleased  to  appoint  as  one  of  the  Commissioners  Hon.  J.  S. 
Payne,  of  this  city ;  and  Edwd.  S.  Morris,  of  Philadelphia,  has  been  offered  the  other  ap- 
pointment, and  if  he  accepts  information  will  be  given.  Your  information  relative  to  a 
revision  of  the  general  regulations,  the  name  of  the  Director-General,  etc.,  has  been 
observed. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

J.  E.  MOORE. 
To  HON.  J.  MILTON  TURNER,  United  States  Minister  Resident,  Monrovia. 


•\  LUXEMBOURG. 

F.  DE   BLOCHAUSEN   TO   MR.  FISH. 

LUXEMBOURG,  April  12,  1876. 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  upon  the  1st  instant  of  your  letter 
dated  March  15,  1876,  in  answer  to  my  telegram  asking  for  an  official  invitation  of  the 
Grand  Duchy  of  Luxembourg  to  take  part  in  the  Exhibition  of  Philadelphia. 

The  Government  of  the  Grand  Duchy  is  eager  to  inform  your  Honor  that  we  aceepC 
gratefully  the  cordial  invitation  to  be  represented  in  the  International  Exhibition  that  will 
be  held  at  Philadelphia,  in  which  Mr.  Berger,  member  of  the  House  of  Deputies  of  Lux- 
embourg,  has  been  appointed  by  royal  grand-ducal  dccret  as  its  Representative  charged  to 
correspond  with  the  Commissaries  of  the  Exhibition. 

I  beg  you  may  be  assured  of  the  high  consideration  with  which  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

F.  DE  BLOCHAUSEN. 
To  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE,  Washington. 


262 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Acceptances 
l>y  Foreign 
Governments. 
Mexico. 


MEXICO. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

DEPARTMENT    OF    FOMENTO:    COLONIZATION,    INDUSTRY,  AND    COMMERCE   OF   THE 
MEXICAN  REPUBLIC.     SECOND  SECTION. 

MEXICO,  July  26,  1874. 
To  THE  CITIZEN  MINISTER  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS, — 

There  has  been  received  at  this  Department  your  note,  dated  22d  instant,  in  which  you 
were  pleased  to  transmit  a  translation  of  the  note  which,  on  the  2Oth  instant,  the  Minister 
of  the  United  States  of  America  addressed  to  your  Department,  inviting,  on  behalf  of  the 
President  and  in  the  name  of  that  nation,  the  Government  of  Mexico  to  be  represented  and 
to  take  part  in  the  International  Exposition  which  will  take  place  at  Philadelphia  in  the 
year  1876. 

The  said  note  having  been  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Citizen  President,  he  has 
thought  proper  to  direct  that  I  say  to  you,  in  order  that  you  may  be  so  good  as  to  commu- 
nicate to  the  Minister  of  the  United  States  that  the  Government  of  Mexico  acknowledges 
and  accepts  the  invitation  which,  through  him,  the  Government  of  the  United  States  ex- 
tends to  it,  to  be  represented  and  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exposition,  which  will 
take  place  in  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876,  in  commemoration  of  the  Centennial  Anni- 
versary of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  of  that  Republic. 

At  the  same  time  you  will  be  pleased  to  inform  him  that  the  Government  of  Mexico  will 
proceed  to  organize  the  Commissions  both  in  this  country  and  in  the  United  States  which 
will  be  intrusted  with  the  preparatory  labors  for  the  object  indicated ;  and  that  meanwhile, 
you  request  the  Minister  of  the  United  States  to  have  the  goodness  to  communicate  all 
that  in  his  judgment  may  be  of  interest  to  the  Government  of  the  Republic  concerning  the 
present  state  of  affairs  of  the  American  Commission. 

Independence  and  Liberty. 

BALCARCEL. 


The 

Netherlands. 


THE    NETHERLANDS. 

LEGATION  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS,  WASHINGTON,  January  24,  1874. 

MR.  SECRETARY  OF  STATE, — I  have  not  failed  to  transmit  to  my  Government  the  proc- 
lamation which  I  had  the  honor  to  receive  from  your  Excellency  announcing  the  Industrial 
Exposition  which  is  to  be  held  at  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  1876,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  celebrating  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  American  Independence,  and  in  which 
the  American  Government  has  invited  the  Netherlands  to  take  part.  In  reply,  I  have  the 
honor  to  inform  your  Excellency  that  the  Government  of  the  Netherlands  has  received 
this  international  invitation  with  lively  satisfaction,  and  intends  to  take  part  in  the  said 
Exposition  by  contributing  productions  of  the  arts  and  industry  of  the  Netherlands. 

To  this  effect  a  Commission  will  be  appointed  in  the  Netherlands,  and  also  a  Committee 
to  direct  and  furnish  information  to  exhibitors. 

As  soon  as  it  shall  be  in  my  power  I  shall  hasten  to  communicate  to  your  Excellency 
the  names  and  quality  of  the  persons  who  are  to  constitute  this  Committee. 

Be  pleased  to  accept,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  the  renewed  assurances  of  my  very  high 
consideration. 

WESTENBERG. 

HONORABLE  HAMILTON  FISH,  Secretary  of  State,  etc,  etc.,  etc.,  Washington, 


APPENDIX  H. 


263 


ORANGE     FREE     STATE.  Acceptance, 

by  Foreign 

GOVERNMENT  OFFICE,  Government.. 

BLOEMFONTEIN,  3d  December,  1874.     Received  February  8,  1875.      Orange  Free 
SIR, — I  am  directed  by  the  President  to  inform  you  that  it  affords  this  Government  very  Sute- 
great  pleasure  to  receive  from  their  Consul-General  in  the  United  States  the  invitation  to 
this  Government  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exhibition  which  is  to  be  held  in  Phil- 
adelphia in  1876,  and  contained  in  your  Honor's  letter  to  him  of  the  26th  August  last,  and 
to  state  that  the  President  has  been  pleased  to  appoint  Mr.  Charles  W.  Riley  as  the  agent 
of  the  Government  of  the  Orange  Free  State  in  connection  with  all  matters  regarding  the 
representation  of  this  State  at  the  proposed  Exhibition. 

Begging  your  Honor  to  accept  the  assurance  of  my  high  consideration,  I  have  the  honor 
to  be,  sir,  etc.,  etc.,  etc., 

F.  K.  HOHNE,  Government  Secretory. 

THE  RIGHT  HONORABLE  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE,  Washington,  United  States  of 
America. 


PERU.  Peru. 

SNR.   DE   LA   RIVA   AGNERO   TO   MR.   THOMAS. 

LIMA,  February  10,  1874. 

SIR, — In  answer  to  the  very  appreciable  communication  of  your  Excellency  of  the  Ipth 
of  September  last,  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  my  Government  accepts  with  the 
most  lively  enthusiasm  the  invitation  which,  through  the  dignity  of  your  Excellency,  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  has  been  pleased  to  make,  in  order  that  Peru  should  take 
part  in  an  International  Exposition  of  the  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Natural  Products,  which 
takes  place  in  Philadelphia  on  the  1 9th  of  April,  1876,  in  celebration  of  the  One  Hun- 
dredth Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States. 

The  value  of  such  a  meeting,  the  prestige  given  to  it  in  the  name  of  the  Government 
under  whose  auspices  it  is  to  be  realized,  the  importance  of  the  great  event  which  it  is  to 
commemorate,  all  contribute  to  render  it  one  of  the  most  splendid  manifestations  of  progress 
and  civilization  in  the  present  century,  and  a  historic  and  glorious  event  in  the  cause  of 
humanity. 

My  Government  is  pleased  in  the  highest  manner  by  the  invitation  to  this  universal  cele- 
bration given  in  the  name  of  the  American  Union,  and  has  hastened  to  appoint  on  our  part 
the  Commissioners  to  arrange  with  the  contributors  from  Peru,  and  with  the  Central  Com- 
mission of  the  Exposition  in  Philadelphia,  Colonel  Manuel  Freyre,  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
to  the  United  States  from  Peru,  at  Washington,  and  Mr.  Frederick  L.  Barreda,  Mr.  Edward 
Villena,  and  Mr.  Charles  Tracy.  For  the  information  of  the  public  and  national  contribu- 
tors, I  have  directed  that  there  should  be  published,  in  due  time,  the  proposed  regulations 
and  other  information  which  for  the  object  in  view  your  Excellency  was  pleased  to  send 
me,  accompanying  your  dispatch. 

I  trust  that  your  Excellency  will  be  pleased  to  transmit  to  your  Government,  together 
with  the  acceptation  of  my  Government,  our  most  sincere  thanks  for  the  noble  invitation, 
and  I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  reiterate  to  your  Excellency  the  assurance  of  my  high 
and  distinguished  consideration,  and  have  the  honor  to  subscribe  myself, 
Your  most  obedient  servant, 

J.  DE  LA  RIVA  AGffERO. 
HONORABLE  FRANCIS  THOMAS,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of 

Ike  United  States  of  America. 


Acceptances 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 
Portugal. 


264  INTERNATIONAL    EXHIBITION,   1876. 

PORTUGAL. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

MINISTRY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  LISBON,  March  3,  1875. 

I  have  before  me  the  note  which  you  did  me  the  honor  to  address  to  me  on  the  4th  of 
August  of  last  year,  inviting  in  the  name  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  the  Portu- 
guese Government  to  be  represented  and  to  take  part  in  the  Exhibition,  of  Arts,  Manu- 
factures, and  Agricultural  Products,  to  take  place  at  Philadelphia,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States. 

Thanking  you  for  the  very  kind  terms  in  which  you  have  conveyed  the  invitation  of  the 
President,  I  have  the  pleasure  to  communicate  to  you  that  the  Portuguese  Government 
wishes  to  take  part  in  the  Exhibition  to  which  you  refer,  and  will  give  the  necessary  in- 
structions to  his  Majesty's  Minister  at  Washington  to  confer  with  the  Director-General  of 
the  Exhibition  in  regard  to  the  allotment  of  space,  and  the  conditions  to  be  complied  with. 

I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  renew  the  assurances  of  my  distinguished  considera- 
tion. 

JOAO  D'ANDRADE  CORVO. 

CHARLES  H.  LEWIS,  ESQ.,  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


RUSSIA. 

[TRANSLATION.] 
BARON  JOMINI   TO    MR.    BOKER. 

ST.  PETERSBURG,  -fe  October,  1875. 
IMPERIAL  MINISTRY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS.     DEPARTMENT  OF  INTERNAL  RELATIONS. 

MR.  MINISTER, — The  Imperial  Ministry  has  taken  into  serious  consideration  the  com- 
munications, both  written  and  verbal,  which  you  have  been  good  enough  to  make  to  it 
on  the  subject  of  the  Universal  Exposition  to  take  place  at  Philadelphia  in  1876. 

It  follows  from  these  communications  that  this  new  international  gathering  will  differ 
essentially  from  the  previous  Exhibitions  at  London,  Paris,  and  Vienna. 

The  Philadelphia  Exhibition, by  making  part  of  the  fetes  arranged  for  the  celebration  of 
the  Centennial  Jubilee  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America,  presents 
itself  on  this  very  account  as  an  essentially  national  undertaking,  in  which  friendly  nations 
are  invited  to  participate. 

These  considerations  have  been  the  subject  of  a  report  to  his  Majesty  the  Emperor, 
and  my  august  Master  has  deemed  it  agreeable  to  the  traditions  of  friendship  which  have 
always  existed  between  Russia  and  the  United  States  to  accept  the  cordial  invitation  from 
the  Cabinet  of  Washington  to  take  part  in  a  national  solemnity  for  commemorating  one  of 
the  grandest  facts  in  the  history  of  humanity. 

By  supreme  order  a  Special  Commission  has  been  constituted  in  the  Ministry  of 
Finance,  under  the  presidency  of  the  Privy  Councillor  Butofsky,  for  the  organization  of 
the  Russian  section  of  the  Philadelphia  Exhibition. 

I  have  hastened  to  communicate  the  foregoing  to  our  representative  at  Washington,  and 
I  have  requested  him  to  bring  it  to  the  knowledge  of  the  United  States  Government. 

Accept,  Mr.  Minister,  the  assurance  of  my  most  distinguished  consideration. 

BARON  JOMINI. 
MR.  BOKER,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


APPENDIX  H. 

SALVADOR.  Aeeq.un, 

by  Foreign 

[TRANSLATION.] 

OFFICE  OF  SECRETARY  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS,  SAN  SALVADOR,  August  18,  1874. 
His  EXCELLENCY  HON.  GEO.  WILLIAMSON,  United  States  Minister  Resident. 

SiR, — There  is  received  in  this  office  the  esteemed  favor  of  your  Excellency,  dated  the 
1st  instant,  in  which,  in  the  name  of  your  Government,  you  were  pleased  to  extend  to  that 
of  Salvador  a  cordial  and  respectful  invitation  to  be  represented  and  take  part  in  the 
International  Exposition  that  will  take  place  in  Philadelphia,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Government  in  Washington,  the  4th  of  July,  1876,  in  commemoration  of  having  completed 
a  century  since  the  Independence  of  the  Great  Republic. 

My  Government  accepts  with  great  pleasure  this  invitation,  as  it  is  a  friend  of  progress, 
a  lover  of  the  liberty  of  that  great  people  and  an  admirer  of  its  grandeur. 

I  will  soon  have  the  honor  of  communicating  to  your  Excellency  the  means  that  may 
be  taken  for  this  end,  and  meanwhile,  you  will  be  pleased  to  accept  the  appreciation  and 
consideration  of 

Your  obedient  servant, 

M.  BRISO. 


SIAM. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

CHOW    PHYA    BHANUWONGSE    MAHA    KOSA    DHIPOTI    THE    PHRAK- 
LANG,  MINISTER  OF  FOREIGN  AFFAIRS, 

To  GENERAL  F.  W.  PARTRIDGE,  United  States  Consul. 

SIR, — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  dispatch  of  the  9th  inst.,  in 
relation  to  the  Centennial  Exhibition  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  United  States  of  America, 
in  the  year  1876,  which,  together  with  the  inclosures  relating  thereto,  has  been  duly  noted. 

I  presented  your  dispatch  and  the  proclamation  to  his  Majesty  the  King  of  Siam  for  his 
information.  His  Majesty  conferred  with  the  entire  Senabode  in  council,  and  it  was 
observed  the  United  States  and  Siam  are  on  cordial  terms  of  national  friendship,  and  that 
it  is  necessary  and  proper  to  procure  articles  indigenous  to  the  country,  and  articles  manu- 
factured by  Siamese  artisans  as  they  are  able,  and  send  them  in  accordance  with  the  request 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States. 

In  regard  to  a  person  to  take  charge  of  the  goods  to  be  sent,  whether  a  Siamese  officer 
will  be  appointed  or  an  American  citizen  in  Siamese  service,  has  not  yet  been  decided. 
When  the  matter  has  been  duly  considered  and  determined  upon  as  to  who  will  be  sent,  I 
will  address  you  on  the  subject,  and  let  you  know  who  will  go  in  charge  of  the  goods. 

f  Seal  of  the  ) 

\  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs.  / 

FOREIGN  OFFICE,  BANGKOK,  3ist  December,  1874. 


SPAIN.  Spain. 

LEGATION  OF  SPAIN  AT  WASHINGTON,  WASHINGTON,  April  24,  1874. 
The  undersigned  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Spain  has  the  honor  to  address  the  Honor- 
able Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  inclosing  to  him  a  copy  of  a  dispatch  which 
he  has  received  from  the  Secretary-General  of  the  Ministry  of  State  at  Madrid,  signifying 


266 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Acceptances 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 
Spain. 


Spain's  acceptance  of  the  invitation  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exhibition  which  is 
to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876,  by  way  of  celebrating  the  One  Hundredth 
Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States.  The  undersigned  is  very  happy 
to  inclose  this  dispatch  to  the  Honorable  Secretaiy  of  State,  since  it  confirms  the  telegram 
announcing  the  acceptance  of  Spain,  which  was  received  some  time  since  by  the  under- 
signed, and  which  he  only  communicated  verbally  to  the  Honorable  Secretary  of  State, 
having  waited  until  the  arrival  of  the  dispatch,  which  he  now  has  the  honor  to  inclose, 
before  doing  so  in  writing. 

The  undersigned  will  thank  the  Honorable  Secretary  of  State  for  all  the  information 
which  it  may  be  possible  to  give  in  relation  to  the  aforesaid  Exhibition  that  he  may 
transmit  it  to  his  Government,  and  he  gladly  avails  himself  of  this  occasion  to  reiterate  to 
the  Honorable  Secretary  of  State  the  assurances  of  his  most  distinguished  consideration. 

JOSE  POLO  DE  BERNABE. 
To  THE  HONORABLE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


MINISTRY  OF  STATE,  COMMERCIAL  SECTION,  No.  20. 

MOST  EXCELLENT  SIR, — The  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Industry  writes  to  this  Ministry 
under  date  of  the  2ist  instant  as  follows: 

The  Government  of  the  Republic  has  been  gratified  to  receive  the  invitation  which  has 
been  extended  to  Spain,  through  your  Excellency,  by  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the  North 
American  Republic,  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exhibition  which  is  to  be  held  at 
Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876. 

It  having  been  decided  by  the  Council  of  Ministers  that  Spain  shall  take  part  in  said 
Exhibition,  and  that  an  announcement  thereof  shall  be  sent  by  telegraph,  I  have  the  honor 
to  inform  your  Excellency  of  this,  in  order  that  it  may  be  brought,  through  the  proper 
channel,  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  which  will  be  requested 
at  the  proper  time  to  assign  to  Spain  such  space,  etc.,  as  according  to  the  circulars  which 
have  been  issued  is  to  be  granted  to  nations  sending  articles  for  exhibition.  The  Spanish 
Government  will  adopt  all  necessary  measures  to  the  end  that  Spain  may  be  represented  at 
the  International  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia  in  the  best  manner  possible,  and,  for  the 
present,  I  beg  your  Excellency  to  be  pleased  to  send  me  all  the  documents  relative  to  said 
Exhibition  that  may  now  be  in  the  Ministry  under  your  worthy  charge,  and  also  any  others 
that  may  be  received  hereafter. 

By  order  of  the  Minister  of  State  I  transmit  this  to  your  Excellency  for  your  information 
and  for  the  proper  purposes. 

May  God  guard  your  Excellency  many  years ! 

MADRID,  February  28,  1874. 

The  Secretary- General, 

PIO  GULLON. 
To  THE  MINISTER  PLENIPOTENTIARY  OF  SPAIN,  AT  WASHINGTON,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


Sweden  and 
Norway. 


SWEDEN    AND    NORWAY. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

STOCKHOLM,  June  2,  1874. 

SIR, — By  your  note  of  August  28,  which  you  did  me  the  honor  to  address  to  me,  you 
had  the  kindness  to  inform  me  of  the  opening  of  an  International  Exhibition  of  the  Pro- 
ducts of  Agriculture,  of  Industry,  and  the  Fine  Arts,  the  igih  of  April,  1876,  at  Phila- 
delphia, to  celebrate  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States ; 


APPENDIX 


267 


you  expressed  to  me  at  the  same  time  the  desire  of  your  Government  to  see  the  United  Accepts 
Kingdoms  take  part  in  it.  by  Foreign 

I  have  not  failed  to  bring  the  matter  to  the  attention  of  the  competent  authorities ;  and  Government*, 
the  Government  of  the  King,  which  always  feels  a  lively  interest  in  these  international  ^.we 
meetings  that  have  contributed  so  much  to  the  development  of  the  industry  and  pacific 
intercourse  of  the  different  nations,  and  which  desires  on  this  occasion  to  give  to  the 
United  States  a  new  proof  of  its  sincere  friendship  and  of  its  lively  sympathies,  has 
hastened  to  propose  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  two  countries  to  grant  necessary  funds  for 
the  preliminary  arrangements.      His  proposition   having  been  acted  upon   in  the  most 
favorable  manner  by  both  the  Riksdag  and  the  Storthing,  I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  inform 
you  that  the  United  Kingdoms  will  take  part  in  the  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 

I  beg  you  to  be  kind  enough  to  inform  your  Government  of  the  above,  and  also  to  bring 
it  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Commission  of  the  Exhibition,  and  I  seize  the  occasion  to  renew 
to  you,  sir,  the  assurances  of  my  most  distinguished  consideration. 

O.  M.  BjORNSTJERNA. 
MR.  ANDREWS,  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States  of  America. 


SWITZERLAND.  SwiuerUoA 

THE   FEDERAL  COUNCIL  TO   MR.    RUBLEE. 

BERNE,  January  26,  1874. 

The  Federal  Council  had  the  honor  to  receive  the  notes  addressed  to  it  by  the  Minister 
Resident  of  the  United  States  of  America  near  the  Swiss  Confederation  of  the  i8th  and 
25th  of  November,  1873,  inviting  Switzerland  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exhibition 
to  be  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  in  commemoration  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of 
the  Independence  of  the  States  of  the  American  Union. 

In  thanking  Mr.  Rublee  for  these  overtures,  and  in  requesting  him  to  be  pleased  to 
convey  to  his  Government  its  grateful  sentiments  for  the  courteous  invitation  which  it  accepts, 
the  Federal  Council  assures  him  that  it  will  use  its  best  efforts  to  promote  the  enterprise, 
as  it  has  done  in  the  case  of  similar  Expositions  in  Europe,  provided  that  the  necessary 
credits  are  granted  by  the  Federal  Assembly.  Nevertheless,  it  cannot  refrain  from  remark- 
ing here,  that  the  great  Universal  Expositions  have  succeeded  each  other  so  rapidly 
during  the  last  decades  as  to  give  rise  to  the  apprehension  of  a  certain  fatigue  on  the  part 
of  exhibitors,  and  hence  of  an  indisposition  to  take  part  therein,  and  that  the  obstacles 
interposed  by  the  great  distance  of  the  place  of  Exposition  will  naturally  be  attended  with 
the  consequence  that  only  those  branches  of  industry  which  are  directly  interested  will  be 
suitably  represented  at  the  Exhibition. 

However  it  may  be,  the  Federal  Council  begs  the  Minister  Resident  of  the  United 
States  to  be  pleased  to  procure  for  it  two  or  three  plans  of  the  premises  of  the  Exposition, 
and  a  number  of  programmes  of  the  same,  in  order  that  the  Swiss  authorities  may  be 
enabled,  with  as  much  certainty  as  possible,  to  take  the  preparatory  steps  for  participation 
of  Switzerland  in  the  Exposition. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  Federal  Council  hastens  to  renew  to  Mr.  Rublee  the  assurances  of 
its  high  consideration. 

In  the  name  of  the  Swiss  Federal  Council,  the  President  of  the  Confederation, 

SCHENK. 
The  Chancellor  of  the  Confederation, 

SCHIBSS, 


268 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Acceptances 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 
Tunis. 


TUNIS. 

[TRANSLATION  FROM  THE  ARABIC.] 

IN  THE  NAME  OF  GOD  ! 

GENERAL  KEREDINE,  PRIME  MINISTER,  AND  MINISTER  OF  FOREIGN 
AFFAIRS  OF  HIS  HIGHNESS  THE  BEY,  TO  MR.  HARRIS  HEAP,  CON 
SUL-GENEKAL  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

We  have  received  your  note  of  the  I3th  of  February,  1875,  containing  an  invitation  to  the 
Government  of  his  Highness  (whom  may  God  exalt !)  to  take  part  in  the  Centennial  Universal 
Exhibition,  which  will  be  inaugurated  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  America,  in  1876. 

We  have  taken  note  of  its  contents,  and  submitted  them  to  his  Highness  the  Bey,  who, 
in  thanking  your  great  Government  for  the  same,  directs  me  to  say  that  he  has  ordered 
that  his  Government  shall  do  what  it  is  able  on  this  occasion,  as  it  has  done  in  the  past  at 
previous  Exhibitions. 

The  i  Qth  day  of  Moharrem,  1292.     26  February,  1875. 

KEREDINE. 


TURKEY. 

IMPERIAL  OTTOMAN  LEGATION,  WASHINGTON,  March  13,  1875. 

MR.  SECRETARY  OF  STATE, — His  Excellency  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  informs 
me,  in  reply  to  one  of  my  reports,  that  the  Imperial  Ottoman  Government  has  decided  to 
take  part  in  the  International  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  and  that  it  has  already  taken  the 
necessary  steps  for  that  purpose. 

His  Excellency  Safret  Pasha  also  authorizes  me  to  inform  the  Washington  Cabinet  of 
this  decision. 

By  taking  part  in  this  worthy  enterprise  the  Sublime  Porte  has  desired  to  furnish  a  new 
proof  of  its  cordial  feeling  towards  the  United  States,  and  I  am  happy  to  be  the  interpreter 
of  its  friendly  sentiments. 

Be  pleased  to  accept,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  the  assurances  of  my  very  high  consideration. 

G.  D'ARISTARCHI. 
His  EXCELLENCY  HAMILTON  FISH,  Secretary  of  State,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


Venezuela. 


VENEZUELA. 

[TRANSLATION.] 

CARACAS,  August  2^,  1874. 

I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  Excellency's  note,  in  which,  in  the  name  and  by 
the  order  of  the  Government  which  you  so  worthily  represent,  your  Excellency  is  pleased 
to  invite  the  Government  of  Venezuela  to  take  part  in  the  International  Exposition  which  is 
to  take  place  in  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1876;  and  in  reply,  it  is  gratifying  to  me  to  say  to 
your  Excellency  that  my  Government  will  respond  with  pleasure  to  the  cordial  and  honorable 
invitation  which  has  been  given  by  your  Excellency,  joining  in  this  festival  of  progress,  from 
which  commerce  and  the  industries  of  the  whole  world  will  surely  receive  abundant  fruits. 

His  Excellency  the  President  of  the  Republic  has  arranged  that  the  necessary  steps 
shall  be  directed  promptly,  so  that  Venezuela  may  be  represented  fitly  in  the  aforesaid 
Exhibition. 

I  take  this  occasion  to  renew  to  your  Excellency  the  assurances  of  my  very  distinguished 
consideration. 

JESUS  MARIA  BLANCO. 
To  HON.  THOMAS  RUSSELL,  United  States  Minister  Resident. 


APPENDIX  L 


269 


APPENDIX  I. 


PARTICIPATION   BY   FOREIGN   GOVERNMENTS. 

by  Foreign 


Government*. 


NOTE.—  The  following  statements  are  derived  from  information  which  all  the  Foreign  Commissions  were 
requested  to  furnish  to  the  Director-General.  The  omission  of  exhibiting  nations  has  been  occasioned  by 
the  non-receipt  of  the  information  sought.  The  names  of  the  Commissioners  from  each  nation  have  been 
printed  in  Appendix  B,  pages  87-99. 


ARGENTINE      REPUBLIC.  Arsemine 

Republic. 

The  Congress,  in  1875,  appropriated  the  sum  of  $90,000  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the 
Commission,  and  afterwards  the  additional  amount  of  $30,000,  to  provide  for  forwarding 
and  installing  exhibits  and  publishing  a  catalogue  of  them,  with  statistical  information 
concerning  the  country.  Beside  bearing  all  transportation  charges,  the  Government  in 
many  instances  advanced  to  exhibitors  the  means  of  preparing  their  products.  The  several 
Provincial  Governments  also  took  part  in  the  preparations;  and  traveling  agents  went 
through  the  country  collecting  exhibits.  There  was  held,  moreover,  at  Buenos  Ayres — 
December  12,  1875,  to  January  3,  1876 — a  preliminary  Exhibition,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  President  of  the  Republic,  the  Ministers,  and  the  Commission,  from  which  objects 
were  selected  to  be  forwarded  to  Philadelphia.  Among  the  exhibitors  were  the  President 
of  the  Republic,  the  Departments  of  Public  Instruction  and  of  Agriculture,  and  several 
of  the  Provincial  Governments. 


AUSTRIA.  Atmn*. 

The  participation  of  the  Government  consisted  of  the  appointment  of  a  Commission 
which  it  credited  with  the  sum  of  $75,000.  This  was  to  provide  for  the  expenses  of  the 
Commission  itself,  to  be  used  in  aiding  exhibitors,  and  to  secure  collections  and  publish 
reports,  for  whose  preparation  official  reporters  were  commissioned. 


BELGIUM.  Bdgi««. 

The  Government  allowed  its  Commission  a  credit  of  550,000,  a  portion  of  which  wai 
applied  to  relieving  exhibitors  in  the  matters  of  transportation,  installation,  etc. 


BRAZIL.  ,  ,<fll 

The  Government  assumed  the  entire  expense  of  individual  and  national  exhibits. 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Participation  DENMARK. 

by  Foreign 

Governments.        The  Government  allowed  40,000  crowns  to  its  Commission,  which  was  partially  used  in 
Denmark.          aid  of  the  exhibitors.     The  War  Department  exhibited  topographical  maps,  and  the  Royal 
Greenland  Co.  an  ethnographical  collection  from  Greenland. 


EGYPT. 

Only  ten  private  exhibitors  participated  in  the  display  from  Egypt,  the  mass  of  the  ex- 
hibition being  made  by  the  Government,  which  bore  the  entire  cost,  while  most  of  the 
objects  were  the  property  of  the  National  Museum.  The  other  contributing  governmental 
departments  were  the  Ministries  of  War  and  of  Public  Instruction,  the  Polytechnic  School, 
and  the  Mechanics'  Institute  of  Boolak. 


Germany.  GERMANY. 

The  individual  exhibitors  in  most  instances  bore  the  costs  of  transportation,  installation, 
and  care  of  goods  during  the  Exhibition ;  the  German  Commission  assuming  only  the  general 
charge  of  cleaning  and  watching  its  space ;  of  decorating  it  with  flags,  columns,  trophies, 
etc.;  and  of  publishing  an  Official  Catalogue  of  the  German  section  in  the  German  and 
English  languages.  In  some  exceptional  cases  the  Government  made  grants  of  money  in 
aid  of  exhibitors  who  represented  important  national  industries,  to  the  participants  in  certain 
collective  exhibits,  and  to  exhibitors  in  the  Department  of  Art,  whose  works  were  tran<- 
ported  at  the  charge  of  the  Commission.  On  the  part  of  the  Government  itself,  collections 
were  shown  by  the  Royal  Prussian  Ministry  of  Commerce,  the  Mining  Departments,  the 
Royal  Prussian  Porcelain  Manufactory  at  Berlin,  the  Royal  Prussian  Mineral- water 
Administration  at  Nassau,  the  Royal  Prussian  Lower  Silesian  Railroad,  and  the  Royal 
"Wiirtembergian  Smelting- Works. 

It  is  explained  by  the  Commission  that  Germany  was  not  adequately  represented  at  the 
Exhibition,  partly  because  of  the  general  stagnation  in  business,  and  partly  because  of  the 
simultaneous  occurrence  of  International  Exhibitions  at  Brussels  and  Munich. 


('.real  Britain 
and  Colonies. 


GREAT    BRITAIN    AND    COLONIES. 

The  exhibit  by  Great  Britain  was  prepared  under  the  direction  of  the  Lords  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Privy  Council  on  Education.  In  addition  to  the  members  of  the  Commission, 
already  named,  to  whom  the  details  of  the  work  were  intrusted,  the  Government  also  pro- 
vided a  considerable  force  of  clerks,  draftsmen,  officers,  and  privates  of  the  Royal  Engi- 
neers and  of  the  London  Metropolitan  police,  messengers,  carpenters,  engineers,  laborers, 
and  attendants,  whose  services  continued  throughout  the  Exhibition.  The  Government, 
through  its  Commission,  assisted  individual  exhibitors  by  providing  labor  and  otherwise 
facilitating  the  installation  and  removal  of  goods,  especially  in  the  Machinery  Department, 
where  heavy  objects  were  placed  ;  by  partly  paying  for  the  provision  of  steam  for  machines 
requiring  motive-power ;  by  arranging  with  railroad  and  steamship  companies  the  safest 
and  cheapest  transportation  of  exhibitors  and  goods  to  and  from  the  Exhibition ;  by  gen- 
erally si;]  erintending  in  England,  and  more  especially  in  the  United  States,  the  dispatch 
and  receipt  of  goods;  by  aiding  at  the  custom-house  in  obtaining  prompt  entry  and  removal 
of  goods ;  by  supervising,  by  the  Metropolitan  police,  the  British  exhibits  during  the  Exhi- 
bition, though  without  assumption  of  responsibility ;  by  providing  attendants  to  clean  the 
passage-ways  and  ^  how-cases  of  the  British  section;  by  collecting,  insuring,  forwarding, 


APPENDIX  I.  371 

installing,  caring  for,  and  returning  (at  the  cost  of  some  $25,000)  the  English  fine-art  col-  i»an;cipA,i.jn 
lection.     Beside  all  this,  collections  were  sent  by  the  South  Kensington  Museum  and  the  by  bordgn 
Ordnance  Survey  of  the  United  Kingdom,  which  it  was  intended  to  return  at  the  cost  of   l 
the  Government ;  but  they  were  presented,  for  the  most  pan.  to  public  institutions  in  the     '*a*    r 
United  States.     The  collection  representing  British  India  was  sent  under  the  authority  of 
the  Secretary  of  State  for  India,  and  at  the  expense  of  that  department.     The  British  Colo- 
nies, represented  almost  wholly  at  the  expense  of  their  respective  Colonial  Governments, 
were: 


Bahamas, 

Bermuda, 

British  Guiana, 

Canada, 

Cape  of  Good  Hope, 

Ceylon, 

Gold  Coast, 

Jamaica, 

Mauritius, 


New  South  Wales, 
New  Zealand, 
Queensland, 
Seychelles  Archipelago, 
South  Australia, 
Straits  Settlements, 
Tasmania, 
Trinidad, 
Victoria. 


BAHAMAS. 

The  Government  assumed  the  expenses  of  all  the  exhibitors,  most  of  the  participation 
being  due  to  individual  enterprise.  None  of  the  executive  departments  were  represented, 
although  the  Commission  at  Nassau  furnished  certain  articles  which  were  really  Govern- 
ment property. 

CANADA.  Canada 

A  Government  appropriation  of  $100,000  (in  gold)  provided  for  the  expenses  of  trans- 
porting and  returning  articles;  packing,  unpacking,  installing,  caring  for,  repacking,  and 
returning  them.  Additional  appropriations  in  furtherance  of  local  collections  were  made 
by  the  several  provinces,  as  follows:  Ontario,  $15,000;  Quebec,  $9000;  Nova  Scotia, 
$5000;  New  Brunswick,  $3000;  British  Columbia,  $1000.  The  Commission  also  met 
the  expenses  of  exhibiting  machinery  in  motion,  and  of  caring  for  live-stock.  It  also 
subscribed  $2000  toward  the  stock  of  the  Centennial  Board  of  Finance,  in  order  to  entitle 
Canadian  exhibitors  of  cheese  to  space  in  the  Dairy  Building. 


CAPE    OF   GOOD    HOPE. 

Hope 

This  was  a  collective  exhibit,  of  which  the  expense  was  entirely  borne  by  the  Govern- 
ment, which  purchased  many  of  the  articles  and  directed  their  ultimate  presentation  to 
public  institutions  in  the  United  States.  Those  belonging  to  individual  exhibitors  were 
insured,  transported,  and  installed  at  the  cost  of  the  local  committee. 


NEW    SOUTH    WALES. 

The  Colonial  Government  l>ore  the  entire  expense  of  shipment,  insurance,  railway  freight, 
and  other  charges  involved  in  collecting,  fonvarding,  arranging,  and  returning  the  exhibit* 
in  its  department,  at  a  cost  of  about  $40,000.  The  mining  department  of  the  Government 
displayed  geological  and  mineralogical  specimens;  the  printing  department,  books  and 
bindings;  the  educational,  a  series  of  reports;  and  the  survey  department,  maps  of  ili« 
colony. 


272 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876 


Participation 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 
South 
Australia. 


SOUTH    AUSTRALIA. 

The  Commission  was  granted  by  the  Government  the  sum  of  $17, 500  for  the  preparations 
for  the  Exhibition ;  and  the  Commissioners  provided  for  the  packing,  freight,  charges,  and 
final  disposal  of  exhibits,  in  accordance  with  the  desire  of  exhibitors.  The  Government 
also  prepared  and  published,  with  especial  reference  to  the  Exhibition,  a  publication 
entitled  South.  Australia,  its  History,  Resources,  and  Productions.  The  Surveyor-General, 
the  Adelaide  Museum,  the  Botanic  Gardens,  and  the  Commission  itself  supplied  objects 
and  photographs  representing  the  resources  of  the  country.  Most  of  the  articles  shown, 
however,  were  sent  by  individual  exhibitors. 


Tasmania.  TASMANIA. 

The  Government  defrayed  the  expense  of  the  forwarding,  maintenance,  and  return  of 
all  individual  exhibits.  It  was  represented  by  parliamentary  reports,  maps,  statistics,  and 
specimens  of  natural  products;  while  the  Tasmanian  Salmon  Commission  made  a  fine 
display  of  fish,  and  the  corporations  of  Hobart  Town  and  Lancaster  showed  photographic 
views  of  those  cities. 


Victoria.  VICTORIA. 

The  Government,  beside  bearing  the  expense  of  collecting,  packing,  forwarding,  and 
installing  all  exhibits,  purchased  objects  for  exhibition  at  a  cost  of  $15,000.  The  govern- 
mental departments  represented  \vere  those  of  the  public  lands,  the  Government  railways, 
the  mines,  the  mint,  the  post-office,  and  the  telegraph. 

The  Commissioners  to  the  Centennial  Exhibition  were  authorized,  moreover,  to  hold  at 
Melbourne  a  preliminary  Exhibition,  open  to  the  neighboring  British  Colonies  and  other 
countries,  from  which  selections  should  be  made  of  products  suitable  to  be  forwarded  to 
Philadelphia.  The  Commission  was  materially  assisted  by  the  various  departments  of  the 
Government — of  railways,  of  customs,  of  the  post-office ; — also  by  the  Governments  of  New 
South  Wales,  South  Australia,  and  Queensland;  and  by  several  railway,  steamboat,  and 
shipping  companies.  The  Exhibition  opened  at  Melbourne  on  September  2,  1875,  and 
continued  until  November  1 6,  following.*  In  these  preliminaries  and  in  the  representation 
of  the  Colony  at  Philadelphia  the  Victorian  Commission  was  allowed  by  its  Government  to 
expend  the  sum  of  $44,000. 

*  This  preliminary  Melbourne  Exhibition  of  1875  was  open  76  days,  and  received  a  paying  attendance  of 
240,000  persons, — the  total  population  of  the  colony  being  850,000, — while  the  admission  fees  received  were 
$41,665  (gold).  The  exhibitors  represented  Victoria,  New  South  Wales,  South  Australia,  Tasmania,  New 
Zealand,  Queensland,  Western  Australia,  Singapore,  and  Japan.  The  interest  taken  in  it  is  shown  by  a 
comparison  with  the  previous  Exhibitions  held  at  Melbourne  : 

No.  Exhibits.  Space  occupied. 

Exhibition  of  1854 .  428  19,000  square  feet. 

"  "   1861 703  19,000      "        " 

"  "   1866 3,442  56,240      "        " 

"  "   1872 1,748  32,000      "        " 

"   1875 4,99i  78,°°°      "        " 

Of  the  1060  exhibitors  participating,  805  were  from  Victoria,  and  the  total  number  of  premiums  awarded, 
of  every  grade,  was  615.  Most  of  the  exhibits  from  Victoria,  destined  for  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  were 
shipped  from  Melbourne  to  New  York  in  a  sailing-vessel,  which  met  with  a  series  of  disasters,  protracting 
her  passage  to  149  days,  and  injuring  the  articles  to  be  exhibited  to  the  amount  of  some  $8000.  rendering 
many  of  them  unfit  for  display.  Specimens  of  grain  and  pomological  products,  however,  which  were  shipped 
by  steamers  by  way  o  San  Francisco  or  the  Suez  Canal,  reached  Philadelphia  in  good  condition,  and 
elicited  great  commendation. 


APPENDIX  I. 


273 


JAPAN.  Participation 

by  Foreign 

In  November,  1874,  the  Japanese  Minister  at  Washington  notified  the  Government  of  Government* 
the  United  States  that  Japan  would  participate  in  the  Exhibition;  and  in  the  month  fol-  Japan. 
lowing  the  work  of  preparation  was  commenced  by  an  Imperial  Commission,  constituted 
as  a  department  of  the  Ministry  of  the  Interior,  and  composed  mostly  of  persons  who  had 
gained  experience  at  the  Vienna  Exhibition  of  1873.  An  office  was  opened  at  Tokio; 
the  Commission  was  granted  a  sum  of  about  5300,000;  and  the  provincial  authorities  were 
called  upon  to  induce  leading  manufacturers  to  contribute.  The  Commission  provided  for 
the  transportation  of  all  exhibits  to  Philadelphia  and  for  their  installation,  as  well  as  for 
the  traveling  expenses  of  such  exhibitors  as  accompanied  their  goods.  The  Government 
was  represented  by  collections  from  several  of  its  departments,  especially  that  of  Public 
Education. 


NETHERLANDS.  Netherlands 

The  Government  of  the  Netherlands  appropriated  $100,000,  with  which  its  Commission 
provided  for  the  transportation  and  installation  of  objects,  including  show-cases,  and  in- 
surance. The  Government  itself  exhibited  collections  of  the  products  of  its  East-Indian 
Colonies ;  specimens  of  the  public  works  of  the  Netherlands ;  and  educational  reports  and 
statistics,  with  photographs  and  architectural  plans  of  school-houses,  etc. 


ORANGE      FREE      STATE.  Orange  Free 

State. 

This  was  a  collective  exhibit,  made  entirely  by  the  Government  at  its  expense.  The 
objects  shown  were  chiefly  minerals,  animal  and  vegetable  products, — including  stuffed 
birds,  plumage,  ostrich -feathers,  mounted  butterflies  and  insects, — and  diamonds,  with 
specimens  of  the  earths  in  which  they  are  found. 


PERU.  Pen,. 

The  expenses  of  individual  exhibitors  from  the  port  of  shipment  were  assumed  by  the 
Government,  which  itself  contributed  most  of  the  natural  products  on  exhibition. 


PORTUGAL.  Porugml 

The  greater  part  of  the  exhibits  were  contributed  by  individual  exhibitors,  though  they 
were  collected  by  officials  of  the  Government,  and  forwarded  at  its  expense.  The  govern- 
mental  departments  and  corporations  which  exhibited  were  the  General  Direction  of 
Geodetical  Labors,  the  Industrial  Institutes  of  Lisbon  and  of  Oporto,  the  Meteorological 
Observatory  of  the  "  Infante  Don  Luis,"  the  Ministry  of  the  Treasury,  the  National 
Printing-Office  at  Lisbon,  the  Direction  of  Public  Works  of  each  of  the  districts  of  Lisbon, 
Oporto,  Braza,  Vianna  do  Castello,  Vizeu,  Aveiro,  Coimbra,  and  Leiria,  the  Direction  of 
the  Mondego  and  Figueira  Bar  Works,  the  Administrative  Board  of  the  Ponta  Delgada 
Artificial  Harbor  Works,  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  the  National  Rope- Works,  and  the  House 
of  Correction  and  Central  Jail,  both  at  Lisbon. 

18 


274 


INTERNATIONAL   EXHIBITION,  1876. 


Participation 
by  Foreign 
Governments. 
Sweden  and 
Norway. 


SWEDEN    AND    NORWAY. 

The  Diet  appropriated  $110,000  to  cover  the  entire  expenses  of  Sweden  and  her 
exhibitors.  The  latter  were  not  only  relieved  of  the  cost  of  transportation,  installation, 
show-cases,  insurance,  etc.,  but  traveling  and  living  expenses  were  allowed  to  those 
exhibitors  or  agents  who  accompanied  their  goods  to  Philadelphia.  The  Commission 
procured  a  large  number  of  articles  of  which  it  was  itself  the  exhibitor, — such  as  life-sized 
lay-figures  representing  national  and  military  costumes,  a  model  school-house,  and  exhibits 
representing  the  Educational  and  War  Departments.  It  also  published  an  official  sectional 
Catalogue.  Salaries  of  3000  crowns  each  were  allowed  to  six  scientists  and  civil  engi- 
neers, and  of  1000  crowns  each  to  ten  mechanics  of  different  industries,  that  they  might 
prepare  reports  of  their  studies  at  the  Exhibilion,  for  publication  by  the  Commission.  On 
behalf  of  the  Government,  exhibits  were  made  by  the  Departments  of  the  Army  and  of 
Interior  Affairs. 


The  display  made  by  Norway  came  largely  from  private  exhibitors,  whom  the  Govern- 
ment aided  so  far  as  to  bear  the  costs  of  transportation  and  installation,  while  leaving  them 
to  provide  their  own  show-cases  and  insurance.  The  ornamental  wooden  inclosure  which 
surrounded  the  Norwegian  Court  in  the  Main  Exhibition  Building  was  erected  at  the  cost 
of  the  Government.  The  public  institutions  under  its  control  which  exhibited  were  the 
Kongsberg  Silver  Mines,  the  Geological  Survey  of  Norway,  the  Geographical  Survey  of 
Norway,  the  Statistical  Bureau  of  Norway,  the  Director  of  Public  Schools  of  Norway,  the 
Board  of  Common  Schools  of  Bergen,  and  the  Museum  of  Bergen. 


Switzerland. 


SWITZERLAND. 

The  National  Assembly,  by  an  Act  dated  June  29,  1875,  authorized  the  participation  of 
the  Swiss  Confederation  in  the  Exhibition  and  appropriated  $50,000,  with  which  to  defray 
the  costs  of  administration,  the  arrangement  and  installation  of  exhibits,  including  show- 
cases and  tables,  freights,  and  insurance.  Other  expenses  were  borne  by  the  exhibitors. 
The  Federal  Government  appeared  as  an  exhibitor  only  through  the  Department  of  Public 
"Instruction  and  Science.  Several  of  the  Cantons,  however,  made  governmental  exhibits  in 
the  Groups  of  Education,  Engineering,  and  Architecture. 


Tunis. 


TUNIS. 

The  Bey  appointed  a  Commission  of  twelve  manufacturers  and  merchants,  who,  under 
the  presidency  of  the  Minister  of  Public  Works,  selected  and  prepared  the  articles  exhibited. 
All  of  these  were  manufactured  expressly  for  the  Exhibition,  except  some  antiquities  and 
historical  collections  of  arms.  The  Government  bore  the  cost  of  installing  the  objects 
shown  by  individual  exhibitors,  but  not  of  their  transportation. 


"Venezuela. 


VENEZUELA. 

The  exhibits  for  the  most  part  consisted  of  samples  of  natural  products, — vegetable  and 
mineral, — together  with  publications  and  some  manufactured  articles.  Nearly  all  were 
presented  by  the  Venezuelean  Commission,  after  the  close  of  the  Exhibition,  to  public 
institutions  throughout  the  United  States. 


. 


